金融英语期末总结

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金融英语笔记期末总结

金融英语笔记期末总结Introduction:Financial English is a specialized subset of English language skills that are used in the finance industry. It encompasses a wide range of topics and skills, including financial vocabulary, reading financial statements, conducting financial analysis, and communicating effectively with clients and colleagues. As the finance industry continues to grow and become increasingly globalized, proficiency in financial English is becoming more important for professionals in this field. This summary highlights the key topics and skills covered throughout the course.Financial Vocabulary:One of the first and most important areas covered in the course was financial vocabulary. This included learning the definitions and usage of various financial terms and phrases. Essential financial vocabulary covered included terms related to financial statements, such as balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. Other important terms included asset, liability, equity, revenue, cost, profit, and loss. It is crucial for professionals in the finance industry to have a solid understanding of these terms in order to effectively communicate and analyze financial information.Financial Statements:Reading and understanding financial statements is a fundamental skill in finance. The course provided a comprehensive overview of the three main financial statements: the balance sheet, the income statement, and the cash flow statement. We learned how to analyze these statements to gather information about a company's financial health and performance. Students were also taught how to calculate ratios and metrics to assess the company's liquidity, profitability, and solvency. By the end of the course, students were able to analyze financial statements and make informed decisions based on the information presented.Financial Analysis:Financial analysis is a crucial skill for professionals in the finance industry. Throughout the course, we learned various methods and techniques for analyzing financial data. This included trend analysis, ratio analysis, and comparative analysis. We also discussed the importance of benchmarking and how it can be used to compare a company's financial performance to its competitors or industry standards. Through practical exercises and case studies, students developed their skills in financial analysis and gained confidence in interpreting financial data.Investment and Portfolio Management:Another important aspect covered in the course was investment and portfolio management. We learned how to evaluate different investment options and develop investment strategies based on an individual's financial goals and risk tolerance. The course discussed various asset classes such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, and explored the different risks associated with each. Students were also introduced to the concept of portfolio diversification and learned how to construct and manage a diversified investment portfolio. This part of the course provided valuable insights into the world of investing and enabled students to make informed investment decisions.Financial Communication:Effective communication is essential in the finance industry, and the course emphasized the importance of clear and professional communication skills. We learned how to write financial reports, memos, and emails in a concise and professional manner. The course also covered presentation skills, and we practiced delivering presentations on various financial topics. These skills are crucial for professionals in the finance industry who often need to convey complex financial information to clients, colleagues, and stakeholders.Conclusion:Overall, the financial English course provided a comprehensive overview of essential skills and knowledge required in the finance industry. From developing financial vocabulary to analyzing financial statements and communicating effectively, students gained valuable insights into the world of finance. The course equipped students with the necessary skills to analyze financial data, make informed investment decisions, and communicate financial information effectively. As the finance industry continues to thrive and develop, proficiency in financial English is becoming increasingly important for professionals in this field.。

金融英语笔记期末总结高中

金融英语笔记期末总结高中Introduction:The study of financial English is vital in today's globalized world. As a student, I have gained immense knowledge and understanding of various financial concepts, terms, and practices. In this final summary, I will highlight the key areas covered in this course, including investments, financial markets, banking, and international finance.Part 1: InvestmentsInvestments refer to the allocation of funds into different assets or financial instruments with the expectation of generating future income or profit. In this course, we studied various investment vehicles such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate. We also learned about the risk-return tradeoff, diversification, and the efficient market hypothesis.Part 2: Financial MarketsFinancial markets play a crucial role in the economy by facilitating the flow of funds between borrowers and lenders. Throughout this course, we explored different types of financial markets, including the stock market, bond market, money market, and foreign exchange market. We also learned about market indices, such as the Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500, and how they are used to gauge market performance.Part 3: BankingBanking is an essential component of the financial system, providing various services to individuals and businesses. In this course, we delved into different types of banks, including commercial banks, investment banks, and central banks. We learned about the functions and operations of banks, such as deposit-taking, lending, and issuing credit cards. Additionally, we discussed the importance of bank regulations and the role of regulatory bodies, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States.Part 4: International FinanceInternational finance involves financial transactions and interactions between nations. In this section, we focused on topics such as foreign exchange rates, balance of payments, international trade, and multinational corporations. We also examined the role of international financial institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, in promoting global economic stability and development.Conclusion:Studying financial English has been a rewarding experience for me. Throughout this course, I have developed a comprehensive understanding of various financial concepts and their application in real-world scenarios. The knowledge gained will be invaluable as I pursue a career in finance or related fields. I am grateful for the opportunity to learn from myinstructor and fellow classmates, and I look forward to applying this knowledge to future endeavors.。

金融英语期末复习

金融英语期末复习金融英语期末复习1. brokerA ) 经济人B ) 经纪人C ) 承销商2. life insuranceA ) 人寿保险B ) 财产保险C ) 海上保险3. capital adequacy ratioA ) 资本充足率B ) 资本利润率C ) 资金利用率4. run on a bankA ) 贷款B ) 存款C ) 挤兑5. financial crisisA ) 金融风险B ) 金融监管C ) 金融危机6. legal reserves requirementA ) 公开市场业务B ) 法定存款准备金C ) 再贴现率7. exchange rateA ) 汇率B ) 利率C ) 红利8. monetary marketA ) 资本市场B ) 票据市场C ) 货币市场9. optionA ) 期货B ) 期权C ) 互换10. common stockA ) 普通股B ) 优先股C ) 债券11. bull marketA ) 牛市B ) 熊市C ) 套利12. central bankA ) 中央银行B ) 商业银行C ) 投资银行13. simple interestA ) 复利B ) 单利C ) 本金14. liquidityA ) 流动性B ) 赢利性C ) 风险性15. balance sheetA ) 现金流量表B ) 利润表C ) 资产负债表16. off-shore bankingA ) 国际银行业务B ) 离岸银行业务C ) 结算业务17. structural improvementA ) 结构调整B ) 结构优化C ) 结构失调18. moral hazardA ) 道德风险B ) 逆向选择C ) 信息不对称19. fixed costA ) 固定成本B ) 边际成本C ) 平均成本20. stagflationA ) 通货膨胀B ) 通货紧缩C ) 滞胀21. Widespread affects not only the nation’s international balance of payment but also the sales of home industries.A ) speculatingB ) smugglingC ) streamliningD )stocktaking22. Banks will not make a loan to any borrower unless theymake sure the latter is .A ) prosperousB ) richC ) solventD ) honest23. The “Ford ”is designed to assist some outstanding scholars in their efforts to do outstanding researches.A ) FoundationB ) SponsorshipC ) FundD ) Funds24. All bondholders will be paid at value of the bond on maturity.A ) agreedB ) securityC ) paperD ) par25. For a deposit of $10000 at the annual interest rate of 6%, one may receive a total of $10600 on maturity for his and interest.A ) originalB ) stakeC ) principalD ) deposit26. In those years, many foreign investors withdrew from the country because of disappointing rate of investment.A ) gains ofB ) yield ofC ) return onD ) return of27. Majority businessmen benefit from the differencebetween price and wholesale price.A ) distributionB ) bitC ) lotD ) retail28. As a rule, the construction contactor has to submit to the client a sum about 10% of contract price as of contract performance.A ) mortgageB ) promiseC ) commitmentD ) security29. The investment of a firm may fell into two categories: the first is for investment in fixed assets, the second is for in its day-to-day operation.A ) turnoverB ) wagesC ) bonusD ) incentive30. In theory, those pertain to the firm’s assets.A ) accounts receivableB ) receivable accountsC ) payable accountsD ) accounts payable31. The percentage analysis of increases and decreases in corresponding items in comparative financial statements is called ______.A ) vertical analysisB ) horizontal analysisC ) external analysisD ) comparative analysis32. The documentary collection provides the seller with a greater degree of protection than shipping on ______.A ) open accountB ) bank's letter of guaranteeC ) banker's draftD ) documentary credit33. When GBP/USD rate goes from 1.6150 to 1.8500, we say the dollar ______.A ) appreciates by 12.70%B ) depreciates by 14.55%C ) depreciates by 12.70%D ) appreciates by 14.55%34. The price in the foreign exchange market is called ______.A ) the trade surplusB ) the currency rateC ) the money priceD ) the exchange rate35. What function is money serving when you buy a ticket toa movie? ______.A ) transaction demandB ) a medium of exchangeC ) store of valueD ) a unit of account36. These are four main methods of securing payment in international trade:(1) payment under documentary credit(2) open account(3) collection, that is document against payment or acceptance of a bill of exchange(4) payment in advanceFrom an exporter's point of view, the order of preference is ______.A ) (4) , (1) , (3) , (2)B ) (4) , (2) , (3) , (1)C ) (4) , (3) , (1) , (2)D ) (2) , (4) , (1) , (3)37. The risk that is specific to individual stocks is called ______.A ) systematic riskB ) country riskC ) unsystematic riskD ) market risk38. Money _____.A ) serves as the critical function of a medium of exchangeB ) facilitates trade in goods and servicesC ) overcomes the inefficiencies of barterD ) all of the above39. Mr Wang, a lawyer, is a better typist than his secretary, but he still has her to do the typing. What economic principle, much used in trade theory, does this illustrated? _____A ) absolute advantageB ) economies of scaleC ) diminishing returnsD ) comparative advantage40. The economics situation at home and abroad, including the interest rate, the exchange rate, ease money (expansion of money supply) or tight money (contraction of money supply), hasa long term influence on stock prices.41. The function of the World Bank is to provide a mechanism for supplying for long periods of time ——20 or 30 years ——theforeign exchange needed to rebuild and develop economies.42. Spot transactions are foreign exchange transactions that have to be settled promptly,forward transactions have to be settled on an agreed future date.43. Through years of reform efforts, China has developed a banking system consisting mainly of the wholly state-owned commercial banks and joint-equity commercial banks under the supervision of the central bank, the People's Bank of China.44. The use of foreign exchange arises because different nations have different monetary units and the currency of one country cannot be used for making payment in another country.45. Venture Capital company pools the partners’assets and use these assets to help a fresh enterprise to begin its new cause.46. One of the main functions of banks is to take in deposit from surplus regions and then make loans to the deficit regions.47. The implementation of the stabilization and structural measures has been a major factor underlying the resilience of the Chinese economy in the context of the crisis in Asian financial markets and the recent weakening of global economic activity.48. Asymmetric information is present in loan market because lenders have less information about the investment opportunities and activities of borrowers than borrowers do.49. The functions of futures markets are price discovery, price risk hedging, and market efficiency improving.Directions：Read the following passages, and determine whether the sentences are “Right”or “Wrong”. If there is not enough i nformation to answer “Right”or “Wrong”, choose “Doesn’t say”.Passage 1Liquidity is a measure of how quickly an item may be converted to cash. Therefore, cash is the most liquid asset. Account receivable is a relatively liquid asset because the business expects to collect the amount in cash in the near future. Supplies are less liquid than accounts receivable. Users of financial statements are interested in liquidity because business difficulties often arise owing to shortage of cash. How quickly can the business convert an asset to cash and pay a debt? How soon must a liability be paid? These are questions of liquidity.50. Long-term assets are all assets other than current assets.A ) rightB ) wrong C) Doesn’t say51. Supplies are less liquid than accounts receivable, and furniture and buildings are even less so.A) Right B ) Wrong C) Doesn’t52. People are interested in liabilities on the balance sheet because it is relatively liquid.A ) RightB )wrong C) Doesn’t sayPassage 2Whereas the money markets provide very short-term loans, the capital market takes account of medium and long-term loans. It serves the needs of industry and commerce, government and local authorities. Private sector firms borrow their working capital (currentassets minus current liabilities) from the money market, which used to be mainly via commercial banks; the role of banks as middlemen has now diminished, even for the working capital requirements. Private sector firms raise their fixed capital by the issue of shares or commercial paper bonds. Government andlocal authorities borrow medium and long-term capital by issuing gilt-edged stocks and bands. The main market place for lending and borrowing medium and long-term capital in the UK is the Stock Exchange in London. 53. An industrial corporate can meet its financial needs by seeking funds from the capital markets.A ) RightB )wrong C) Doesn’t say54. Nowadays a private business usually obtains its working capital through a commercial bank.A ) RightB )wrong C) Doesn’t say55. In the UK commercial banks often raise funds by issuing bands and stocks.A ) RightB )wrong C) Doesn’t sayPassage 3A commercial bank shall formulate its business rules, establish and improve its business management, the system of cash control and its security system in accordance with the stipulations of the People’s Bank of China. A commercial bank shall establish and improve its systems of examining and checking deposits, loans settlements and bad and doubtful accounts. The PBC can exercise examination of a commercial bank at any time in accordance with the relevant provisions. The personnel in charge of the examination and supervision should produce their legitimate at the time of conducting examination and supervision. A commercial bank shall provide financial accounting information, business contracts and other information about its business and management at the requestof the People’s Bank of China. A commercial bank is subject to the audit control by the auditing authorities in accordance with the audit law and regulations.57. The PBC can exercise examination of a commercial bank at any time.A ) RightB )wrongC ) Doesn’t say58. A commercial bank shall establish and improve its system of internal control according to law.A ) RightB )wrongC )D oesn’t say59. A member staff of the PBC should present his legitimate certificate for on-site examination.A ) RightB )wrongC ) Doesn’t say60. The auditing authorities can not exercise the audit control over a commercial bank.A ) RightB )wrongC ) Do esn’t say1. off-shore bankingA ) 离岸银行业务B ) 国际银行业务C ) 结算业务2. capital adequacy ratioA ) 资本充足率B ) 资本利润率C ) 资金利用率3. moral hazardA ) 信息不对称B ) 逆向选择C ) 道德风险4. structural improvementA ) 结构失调B ) 结构优化C ) 结构调整5. commercial bankA ) 中央银行B ) 商业银行C ) 投资银行6. dividendA ) 汇率B ) 利率C ) 红利7. legal reserves requirementA ) 再贴现率B ) 法定存款准备金C ) 公开市场业务8. compound interestA ) 复利B ) 单利C ) 本金9. balance sheetA ) 利润表B ) 现金流量表C ) 资产负债表10. average costA ) 固定成本B ) 边际成本C ) 平均成本11. monetary marketA ) 资本市场B ) 票据市场C ) 货币市场12. common stockA ) 普通股B ) 优先股C ) 债券13. liquidityA ) 风险性B ) 赢利性C ) 流动性14. bear marketA ) 牛市B ) 熊市C ) 套利15. brokerA ) 经纪人B ) 经济人C ) 承销商16. futureA ) 期货B ) 期权C ) 互换17. life insuranceA ) 财产保险B ) 人寿保险C ) 海上保险18. depositA ) 挤兑B ) 存款C ) 贷款19. financial crisisA ) 金融风险B ) 金融监管C ) 金融危机20. inflationA ) 通货膨胀B ) 通货紧缩C ) 滞胀21. The Bank of China has been recognized as the AAA bank by a Japanese credit Agency that is very authoritative in international financial community.A ) evaluatingB ) assessingC ) appraisalD ) rating22. Owing to his good reputation, Mr. White can buy things in nearby shop .A ) without moneyB ) on creditC ) for lock of moneyD ) at order23. For a deposit of $1000 at the annual interest rate of 5%, one may receive a total of $1050 on maturity for his and interest.A ) originalB ) stakeC ) principalD ) deposit24. If we mean to learn foreign advanced technology and management in the operation, we’d better establish a joint with foreign firm rather than work on your own.A )businessB ) corporationC ) firmD ) venture25. If you have a draft and is badly in need of money before maturity of payment, you may sell it at for cash to the bank or others at the commercial paper market.A ) discountB ) premiumC ) depreciationD ) expense26. We have to close down the branch bank in that region in that its is far from covering the expenses incurred.A ) currency B) depositC ) reserves D) earnings27. What function is money serving when you buy a ticket toa movie? ______.A) store of valueB) a medium of exchangeC) transaction demandD) a unit of account28. The price in the foreign exchange market is called ______.A) the trade surplus B) the exchange rateC) the money price D) the currency rate29. What’s the interest rate on a 20-year mortgage loan?30. Although capital market development is expected to speed up, banks in China, which currently provide about 75 percent of aggregate financing in the economy, are likely to continue to playing a dominant role in financing economic and technological development as well as the economic reform in the foreseeable future.31. The use of foreign exchange arises because different nations have different monetary units and the currency of one country cannot be used for making payment in another country.32. In international trade, there exists the need for financing and the associated interest rate and credit risks, which are always accompanied by foreign exchange risk.33. Through years of reform efforts, China has developed a banking system consisting mainly of the wholly state-owned commercial banks and joint-equity commercial banks under the supervision of the central bank, the People's Bank of China.。

国际金融知识点总结英文

国际金融知识点总结英文International finance is a branch of economics that deals with the management of an individual's or a company's assets in an international financial setting. It involves the study of how various international entities, such as governments, corporations, and individuals, interact and conduct business in the world of finance. Understanding the key concepts and knowledge points of international finance is crucial for making sound financial decisions in the global economy. In this article, we will discuss some of the essential knowledge points in international finance.Foreign Exchange MarketThe foreign exchange market, also known as the forex market, is the global marketplace for trading currencies. It is the largest and most liquid financial market in the world, with an average daily trading volume of over $6 trillion. The forex market facilitates the exchange of one currency for another and plays a vital role in the international trade and investment. Understanding the foreign exchange market is essential for businesses and investors to manage currency risk and make informed decisions on foreign exchange transactions.Exchange RatesExchange rates are the prices at which one currency can be exchanged for another. They are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market and are influenced by various factors, such as interest rates, inflation, and geopolitical events. Exchange rates can have a significant impact on international trade, investment, and economic growth. It is crucial for businesses and investors to monitor and analyze exchange rate movements to mitigate currency risk and maximize their profits in the global marketplace.Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)Foreign direct investment is a form of cross-border investment in which a company invests in a foreign country by establishing a subsidiary, acquiring a stake in a foreign company, or starting a joint venture with a local partner. FDI plays a vital role in the global economy by promoting economic growth, creating jobs, and transferring technology and know-how. Understanding the benefits and risks of FDI is crucial for both multinational corporations and host countries to make informed investment decisions and maximize the mutual benefits of foreign investment.International Trade FinanceInternational trade finance refers to the financial instruments and services that facilitate international trade, such as letters of credit, trade finance loans, and export credit insurance. It plays a crucial role in supporting cross-border trade by providing the necessary financing and risk mitigation tools for exporters and importers. Understanding the various trade finance instruments and services is essential for businesses to manage the financial aspectsof their international trade transactions and mitigate the risks associated with cross-border trade.International Monetary SystemThe international monetary system is the framework of rules, institutions, and agreements that govern the exchange rate regimes, currency convertibility, and international monetary transactions. It has evolved over time from the gold standard to the Bretton Woods system and the current floating exchange rate system. Understanding the international monetary system is essential for policymakers, central banks, and businesses to navigate the complexities of the global financial system and manage the implications of international monetary developments on their operations and investments.Global Capital MarketsGlobal capital markets are the financial markets in which long-term debt and equity securities are issued and traded by companies, governments, and other financial institutions. They provide a crucial source of financing for businesses and governments, allowing them to raise capital for investment and growth. Understanding the global capital markets is essential for companies and investors to access the necessary funding, manage their investment portfolios, and make informed decisions on capital raising and investment opportunities in the global financial markets.International Financial InstitutionsInternational financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and regional development banks, play a vital role in promoting global financial stability, economic development, and poverty reduction. They provide financial assistance, policy advice, and technical assistance to their member countries to address balance of payments problems, support infrastructure development, and promote sustainable economic growth. Understanding the functions and activities of international financial institutions is crucial for governments, businesses, and civil society organizations to engage with them effectively and leverage their resources for development projects and initiatives. International Financial RegulationInternational financial regulation refers to the rules, standards, and guidelines that govern the activities of financial institutions and markets in the global economy. It aims to promote financial stability, protect investors, and prevent financial crises by setting prudential standards, conducting supervision and monitoring, and coordinating cross-border regulatory cooperation. Understanding international financial regulation is essential for policymakers, financial institutions, and investors to comply with the regulatory requirements, manage regulatory risks, and contribute to the stability and integrity of the global financial system.ConclusionIn conclusion, international finance encompasses a wide range of knowledge points that are essential for understanding the complexities of the global financial system and making informed financial decisions in the international marketplace. Foreign exchange market, exchange rates, foreign direct investment, international trade finance, international monetary system, global capital markets, international financial institutions, and international financial regulation are some of the key concepts and knowledge points in international finance. By understanding these concepts and knowledge points, businesses, investors, and policymakers can navigate the challenges and opportunities of the global economy and contribute to the growth and development of the international financial system.。

金融知识点总结英语

金融知识点总结英语IntroductionFinancial knowledge is essential for everyone, regardless of their occupation or life stage. Understanding financial concepts, managing personal finances, and making informed investment decisions are crucial for financial well-being. In this summary, we will discuss various financial knowledge points, including personal finance management, investment options, and economic principles.Personal Finance Management1. BudgetingBudgeting is the foundation of personal finance management. It involves creating a plan for how to spend and save money. A budget helps individuals track their income, expenses, and savings goals. It also enables them to prioritize spending and allocate funds to different categories, such as housing, transportation, food, and entertainment.2. SavingsSaving money is crucial for financial security and future planning. Setting aside a portion of income for emergency funds, retirement, or major expenses is essential. Individuals should strive to maintain an emergency fund equivalent to at least three to six months of living expenses. Additionally, contributing to retirement accounts, such as 401(k) or individual retirement accounts (IRAs), allows for long-term savings and investment growth.3. Debt ManagementManaging debt is a significant aspect of personal finance. High-interest debt, such as credit card balances, can become a financial burden if not carefully managed. Individuals should prioritize paying off high-interest debt and consider consolidating or refinancing loans to lower interest rates. Creating a plan to reduce debt and avoid accruing new debt is essential for long-term financial health.4. InsuranceInsurance is a risk management tool that provides financial protection against unforeseen events, such as illness, accidents, or property damage. Health insurance, life insurance, disability insurance, and property insurance are essential for protecting against financial losses. Understanding different insurance options and choosing appropriate coverage is crucial for mitigating risks.Investment Options1. StocksStocks represent ownership in a company and offer potential for capital appreciation and dividend income. Investing in individual stocks requires thorough research and analysis of the company's financial performance, industry trends, and market conditions. It is essential to consider the level of risk and volatility associated with stock investments.2. BondsBonds are debt securities issued by governments, municipalities, or corporations to raise capital. They offer fixed interest payments and return of principal at maturity. Bonds provide stability and income generation in an investment portfolio. Understanding bond characteristics, credit ratings, and interest rate risk is crucial for bond investors.3. Mutual FundsMutual funds pool money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities. They offer professional management, diversification, and liquidity. Investors should consider the fund's objective, fees, historical performance, and risk profile before investing in mutual funds.4. Real EstateReal estate investment involves purchasing properties for rental income or capital appreciation. It offers potential tax benefits, inflation protection, and cash flow. Understanding real estate market dynamics, property management, and financing options is essential for successful real estate investing.Economic Principles1. Supply and DemandThe principles of supply and demand drive market dynamics. Understanding how supply and demand interact influences investment decisions. A balance between supply and demand affects prices, profitability, and market equilibrium.2. Inflation and DeflationInflation refers to the general increase in prices of goods and services over time, resulting in a decrease in purchasing power. Deflation, on the other hand, is the decrease in prices, leading to an increase in purchasing power. Understanding the impact of inflation and deflation on investments and purchasing power is crucial for financial planning.3. Interest RatesInterest rates affect borrowing costs, investment returns, and economic growth. Central banks use interest rates to influence the economy's direction. Understanding the relationship between interest rates, inflation, and economic conditions helps individuals make informed financial decisions.ConclusionFinancial knowledge is a valuable asset that empowers individuals to make informed decisions about personal finance and investments. By understanding budgeting, savings, debt management, insurance, investment options, and economic principles, individuals can enhance their financial well-being and work towards their long-term financialgoals.Continuous learning and staying informed about financial matters are essential for adapting to changing economic conditions and achieving financial success.。

金融英语期末复习重点词汇解释

The people’s bank of china (which marked the beginning of a new chapter in the chinese banking history)Monetary statistics(货币统计)The lending facilities(贷款工具)Credit（信用，贷款）Interest subsidies（利息补贴；贴息）Off-site surveillance(非现场监管)Monetary policy instruments(货币政策工具)Financial risks(金融风险)Anti-money laundering(反洗钱)Credit information market（征信市场）Central bank(中央银行)Joint-equity commercial bank（股份制商业银行）Policy bank（政策性银行）Reform and opening up(改革开放)Macro-adjustment(宏观调控)Fixed asset（固定资产）Foreign exchange reserve（外汇储备）Currency distribution（现金调拨）Policy-related credit（政策性贷款）Benchmark interest rate（基准利率）Credit insurance(信用保险)state administration of foreign exchange(外汇管理局)The international bank for reconstruction and development(IBRD)(国际复兴开发银行)The international development association（IDA）（国际开发协会）The multilateral investment guarantee agency(MIGA)( 多边投资担保机构)Less developed countries(LDC)(不发达国家)Joint ventures(合资企业)Invite bid or tender(招标)Stock exchange（证券交易所）Grace period（宽限期）Foreign exchange reserve position(外汇储备头寸)Per capita income(人均收入)Subscribed capital（认缴股本）Annual report（年报）Host country(东道国)Hard loan（条件苛刻的贷款）（loans at prevailing market interest rates and are granted only to sound borrowers for periods not exceeding 25 years）International finance corporation(国际金融公司)Payments facilities（支付工具）Savers(the end-users of the financial system )Investors(who want to borrow money to buy capital goods or increase the scale of their bussiness)Financial intermediaries(the institutions which attempt to serve the needs of bothlenders and borrowers)Brokers and advisers(which attempt to ensure that lenders and borrowers ,buyers and sellers have the facts they need to strike a fair bargain)Regulators(who control their financial institutions and regulate dealings in securities markets with the objects of ensuring their institutions are able to honour their commitments)Transactions costs(交易成本)Market makers(做市商)（professional dealers whose funtion is to ensure that lenders and borrowers are always able to find a counterpart for their deals）Fiancial instruments(金融工具)Liability(债务)Ordinary shares(普通股)Investment trust（信托投资公司）Building society（房屋互助协会）Venture capital（风险资本）Discount house（贴现行）Note-issuing authority（货币发行机构）II owe you(IOU)(欠条)Derivative instrument（衍生工具）Liquidity（流动性）Financial market（金融市场）Medium of exchange（交易媒介）（a commodity or token that is generally accepted in exchange goods and services）Unit of account（价值尺度）(an agreed meaure for staing the prices of goods and services)Store of value（价值储存）(any commodity or token that can be held and exchanged later for goods and services)standard of deferred payment（支付手段）(an agreed measure that enables contracts to be written for futrue receipts and payments )Commodity money（商品货币）(a physical money that is valued in its right and also used as a means of payment)Convertible paper money(可兑换货币)（when a paper claim to a commodity circulates as a means of payment）Fiat money (法币)（legal tender ，especially paper currency ，authorized by a government but not based on or convertible into gold or silver）Fractional backing(部分支持)Private debt money(私人账务货币)（a loan that the borrower promised to repay in currency on demend）Coincidence(同时发生)Opportunity cost（机会成本）Double coincidence of wants(双方需求一致)Debasement(贬值)Greenback(美元)Checkable deposit（支票存款）The bretton woods system((布雷顿森林体系)International liquidity（国际清偿能力）Commodity standard（商品本位）Gold standard（金本位）Gold point（黄金输送点）（汇率变动的上下临界值）Par value(平价)Fiat system（不兑现制度）No-monetary gold（非货币性黄金）The gold exchange standard（金汇兑本位制）Balance of payments surplus（deficit）国际收支平衡（赤字）Mint parity(铸币平价)（两国单位货币含金量之比）International reserve assets（国际储备资产）Internal and external target（国内外目标）Capital control（资本控制）Hedgers(套期保值者)（risk averse，who use such contracts to insure against the extreme changes in exchange and interest rates or stock market prices）Traders(交易商)（who use such contracts as a means of gearing up their exposures at low cost with a view to profit）Arbitrageur(套利人)（whose existence is about the exploitation of opportunities for profit which thrown up by price anomalies between different instruments and markets）Clearing house (清算中心)Floors of commodity exchanges（商品交易所）Delivery of an asset（商品交割）Floors of exchange（股票交易所）Open outcry（公开叫价）Initial margin（初始保证金）Variation margin（追加保证金）Marked to market(盯市)Settlement price（交割价）Over –the- counter（柜台交易）Equity option（股票期权）Life Insurance policies(人寿保险单)Joint policies（联合保险单）。

金融英语期末重点总结范文

金融英语期末重点总结范文Introduction:The field of finance plays a crucial role in the global economy, and the ability to communicate effectively in financial English is essential for professionals in this sector. Throughout this course, we have covered various topics related to finance, including financial markets, investment analysis, risk management, and international finance. This summary aims to highlight the key concepts and vocabulary that we have learned throughout the course, allowing us to consolidate our knowledge and review important information before the final exam.I. Financial Markets:Financial markets are platforms where individuals and institutions can trade financial assets such as stocks, bonds, currencies, and commodities. Key terms and concepts related to financial markets include:1. Stock market: A marketplace where shares of companies are bought and sold.2. Bond market: A market for debt securities, where governments and corporations can borrow money from investors.3. Foreign exchange market: The market where different currencies are traded.4. Commodity market: A market where raw materials and primary agricultural products are exchanged.II. Investment Analysis:Investment analysis involves evaluating the risk and return of potential investments to make informed investment decisions. Key topics covered in investment analysis include:1. Risk and return: The principle that investors require a higher return for taking on higher risks.2. Diversification: Spreading investments across different assets to reduce risk.3. Valuation: Estimating the fair value of an investment based on factors such as earnings, cash flow, and market conditions.4. Technical analysis: Analyzing historical price and volume data to predict future market trends.III. Risk Management:Risk management involves identifying, analyzing, and controlling potential risks that could negatively impact an organization's financial performance. Key concepts related to risk management include:1. Risk assessment: Evaluating the likelihood and potential impact of various risks.2. Hedging: Using financial instruments to mitigate the risk of adverse price movements.3. Insurance: Transferring risk to an insurance company in exchange for premium payments.4. Internal controls: Procedures and policies implemented by an organization to mitigate risks and safeguard assets.IV. International Finance:International finance focuses on financial transactions and activities that occur between countries. Key topics covered in international finance include:1. Foreign direct investment (FDI): Investments made by individuals or companies in foreign countries.2. Exchange rates: The rates at which one currency can be exchanged for another.3. Balance of trade: The difference between a country's exports and imports.4. International financial institutions: Organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank that promote international monetary cooperation and development.V. Financial Reporting and Analysis:Financial reporting and analysis involves examining a company's financial statements to assess its financial health and performance. Key areas to consider include:1. Income statement: A financial statement that reports a company's revenue, expenses, and net income.2. Balance sheet: A statement that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time, including its assets, liabilities, and equity.3. Cash flow statement: A statement that shows how changes in a company's balance sheet and income statement affect its cash position.4. Financial ratios: Tools used to analyze a company's financial performance, liquidity, leverage, and profitability.Conclusion:This summary provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and vocabulary covered throughout the course. By revisiting these topics, we can enhance our understanding of financial English, prepare for the final exam, and effectively communicate in the finance industry. As finance professionals, it is essential to continually improve our financial English skills to succeed in this global, fast-paced field.。

金融英语期末总结

金融英语期末总结1. Banks serves as ( principle depository) of liquid funds for the public.2. (The banking sector) provides the indispensible national payriient mechanism for the development of modem financial and business system.3. Which of the following is not a policy banks (The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)4. The central banking system began taking shape in (1984)5.What is amount of the total assets of the banking sector at the end of 2005(RMB37. 47 billion)6.The Basel Accord sets minimum capital ratio requirements for internationally active banks（of 4% tier one capital and 8 to total capital）in relation to risk-weighted assets.7.One objective of banking supervision is to prot ect depositors’ funds and(if a bank should fail) to minimize the losses to be absorbed by the deposit insurance fund.8.The ratio of liquid assets to liquid liabilities of a commercial bank shall not fall short of (25) percent.9..Market risk refers to the risk of (financial prices fluctuation)10.If a major borrower gets in trouble because of inability to (return) a loan the bank may find itself in serious trouble as well.11.(Indirect) tell us how many units of the foreign currency required to buy one unit of the domestic turrency.12.If an importer who buys goods today has to pay for the goods in a foreign currency one month from today , it may be convenient to buy the currency now for delivery in a month. The transaction is called (a forward)13.Suppose we make a week-end swap on January 10,2005(Monday) , then the spot value date is set on (January 12 , 2005) , the forward value date is set on (January 19 , 2005)14.(The value date）is the date on which the money must be paid to the parties involved in spot transactio15.If we have a quote of 737. 62Z740. 58 for $ZT ,（the first rate is the buying rate for the dollar）16.(An audit) is the independent examination that ensures the reliability of the accounting reports submitted by management to investor , creditor ,and other outside the business.17.GAAP stands for (General Accept Accounting Principles)18.which of the following is not included in the accounting concepts and principles ? (General Accepted Accounting Principles)./doc/3814988819.html,ers of financial statements are interested in liquidity because (businesses may be difficult to have enough working capital)20.Theliability section , together with (owner's equity) , indicates how an entity financed.21.Investment banks’ role in the financial markets involves (telling and distributing new stocks and bonds).22.What does IPO stand for ? (Initial Public Offering)23.A key difference between bonds and stocks is that stocks (represent ownemhip)24.Credlt card customer (are given a credit limit on the credit card account and can buy goods and services up to this amount)25.when a bank holds valuables and documents for its customer in safe custody ,it has to take are of the property ,and has a (bailor—bailee) relationship with that customer.26. In a syndicated loan , (the lead bank) handles thenegotiations with the borrower, prepares the relevant documentation and disbumes the full amount of the loan to the borrower.27. A (bridging) loan is a loan agreement under which finance is required in connection with thesale of one asset and the pumliase of another.28. A pledge provides a bank with (possession of the goods)29. Which of the following is true of a mortgage ? (The mortgagor retains possession of the mortgaged property)30. A lien is best defined as (a deposit of goods , or documents of title to them , with a lender as security for a debt)1.The skills and institutions for risk management In an open market economy are different from those in a relatively closed centrally planned economy（T）2.The comprehensive risk monitoring and warning system focuses on the safety , liquidity and profitability of financial institutions（T）3.Where we study securities , we should know something about financial markets , such as stock market , bond market , which are classified as money markets（F）4.Coverible bonds are known as T-bonds , which carry a rate of interest and give the owner the right to exchange the bonds at some stage in the future into ordinary shares（F）5.LOF stands for Listed Open-ended Fund which can be redeemed or subscribed at both stock exchange and fund sales outlets. （T）6.The risk-based loan classification system divides the loans into pass , special mention , substandard , doubtful and loss five categories（T）7.One of the inherent risks in banking is the market risk ,which can be further divided into exchange rate risk and interest rate risk. （T）8.The limit on the deposit insurance coverage also serves to maximize moral hazard on the part of the depositors（F）9.The most important types of operational risk involve breakdowns in extemal controls or corporate governance（F）10.Reputation risk is particularly damaging for banks since the nature of their business requires maintaining the confidence of depositors , creditors , and the general marketplace. （T）11.On July 21 , 2005 , RMB exchange rate regime changed to a managed floating system with a reference to a basket of currencies.（T）12.In order to eliminate the risk of a significant rise of one curre ncy’s exchangerate , we sell the currency forward.（F）13.Futures are standard forward contracts traded on exchanges.（T）14.The People’s Bank of China is the agency responsible foreign exchange administration.（F）15.If forward price is higher than the spot price , we call it discount.（F）16.Income and expense accounts represent changes in assets （F）17.Asset accounts include cash, furniture and fixtures ,accounts payable, claims against customers that owe money, stock or inventory, office supplies, etc. （F）18.Vhere the debit and credit entries are posted to a ledger, the aggregate of the debits in all the ledger accounts must be equal to the aggregate of the credits in these accounts. （T）19.Notes payable which are paid in installments are classified as long-term liabilities. （F）20.A cash flow statement covers a period of time and accounts for increase or decrease in a company's cash during the period. （T）21.The commercial papers are considered as capital market instruments. （F）22.Factoring is short-term financing with recourse. （F）23.The trustor who is also known as the grantor creates the trust. （T）24.Operating lease can not be cancelable at any time. （F）25.In money market, the government is unique, because it is supplier and demander of money market funds. （T）26.Those with maturity of one year or less are called medium-term loans. （F）27.The risk-based capital guidelines require a minimum ratio of Tier-1 capital to adjusted assets of 4% , and a minimum ratio of combined Tier-1 and Tier-2 capital to risk-adjusted assets of 8% （T）28.Broadly defined , consumer credit includes loans secured by real estate( home mortgages , for instance) plus open-end credit such as credit cards. （F）29．Since the operating target of commercial banks is profit , they should make their own decisions on whether to increase , maintain , decrease withdraw the loan disbursement in some industry so long as it’s profitable regardless of the country’s macroeconomi c policy. （F）30.Current ratio is more conservative and accurate than quick ratio in measuring liquidity. （F）1. Although banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses , they playa unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings allocating capital funds to finance productive investment transmitting monetary policy providing a payment system and transforming risks.尽管银行与其他以盈利为目的的企业具有许多共同的特征，但它在国民经济中还发挥着特殊的作用。

金融英语期末资料

第八章：Eurocurrency, Eurobond and Euronote MarketEurocurrency 欧洲货币Offshore deposits 离岸存款，货币发行国以外的商业银行中以该种货币表示的短期存款Euro/European currencies 欧元/欧洲国家货币Eurodollar 欧洲美元Eurocurrency market 欧洲货币市场Eurobank 欧洲银行Eurobond 欧洲债券Euronotes 欧洲中期债券Eurocredits 欧洲信贷Economies of scale 规模经济Arbitrage 套购买卖（套利、套汇）Interest parity 统一的利率，利率平价Money substitute/near money替代货币/近似货币International liquidity 国际流动性Petrodollars 石油美元Recycling 石油美元循环，石油美元回流International debt crisis 国际债务危机Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率Floating exchange rate 浮动汇率Hot money 国际游资，热钱Domestic credit restrictions 压缩国内信贷Intermediation function 中介功能Lender of last resort 最终贷款人Liquidity squeeze 银根吃紧，银行准备金短缺Liquidity crisis 清偿危机Interest equalization tax 利息平衡税Mark-up 利差Operating cost 运营成本Credit ratings 信誉等级Management fee 管理费Participation fee 参与费Commitment fee 承诺费Risk diversification 风险分散化EurocurrencyEurocurrency refers to commercial bank deposits outside the country of issue of the currency.Offshore depositsAn offshore deposit is simply a bank deposit denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which the bank resides.Euro/European currenciesEuropean currencies are currencies used by European countries.Eurocurrency marketThe money market in which Eurocurrency, currency held in banks outside of the country where it is legal tender, is borrowed and lent by banks in Europe.EurobankA financial institution that readily accepts foreign currency denominated deposits and makes foreign currency loans.EurobondEurobonds are bonds issued in a currency other than the currency of the country or market in which they are issued.Euro notesEuro notes are legal tender in the form of a banknote that can be used in exchange for goods and services in the Erozone.EurocreditsEurocredits are intermediate term loans of Eurocurrencies made by banking syndicates to corporate and government borrowers.Economies of scaleReduction in cost per unit resulting from increased production, realized through operational efficiencies.ArbitrageProfiting from differences in prices or yields in different markets.By its meaning arbitrage can be defined as attempting to profit by exploiting price differences of identical or similar financial instruments, on different markets or in different forms.Interest parityHere the term interest parity refers to that market situation in which a unique rate of interest prevails thus no difference in level of interest in different monetary centers because of an extensive arbitrage.Money substitute/near moneyThey refer to the non cash but liquid assets that can be easily converted into cash but are not used as a medium of exchange in everyday transactions.International liquidityInternational liquidity can be understood as a mechanism by which economic entities, usually large MNCs, are capable of converting an asset into cash without any discount in international financial market.PetrodollarsMoney paid to or oil earnings of the oil-producing countries, especially those in the Middle East, and deposited in Western banks. These petrodollar surpluses can be defined as net US dollars earned by those nations which were in excess of the internal development needs of those nations.Recycling of petrodollarsPetrodollar recycling refers to the phenomenon of fund movement from the oil-producing nations to the other countries.International debt crisisInternational debt crisis, also termed as the Latin American debt crisis, was a financial crisis that occurred in the early 1980s (and for some countries starting in the 1970s), often known as the "lost decade", when Latin American countries reached a point where their foreign debt exceeded their earning power and they were not able to repay it.Fixed exchange rate / Floating exchange rateFix ed exchange rate is the system in which the value of a country’s currency, in relation to the value of other currencies, is maintained at a fixed conversion rate through government intervention.Floating exchange rate is the system in which a currency’s va lue is determined solely by the interplay of the market forces of demand and supply.Hot moneyIn international finance, the term extremely refers to volatile short-term capital that moves on a short notice to any country providing better returns.In local finance, the term stands for money obtained through illegal means such as drug trafficking. It also called dirty money.Domestic credit restrictionsA lot of policy measurements taken by government of a country to restrict domestic credit expansion in order to fight inflationary pressures.Intermediation functionFunction served by Eurobanks linking borrowers and lenders just as commercial banks do in one country’s domestic financial market.Liquidity crisisPeriod of short-term or technical insolvency during which persons or organizations cannot pay the due bills and meet other demands or obligations.MarkupThe term here stands for the difference between the LIBOR and the last determined interest rate of the issuance of Euronotes or a spread over the IBOR.Operating costIt is also called operation expenses implying the day-to-day expenses incurred in running a business.Credit ratingsA published ranking, based on detailed financial analysis by a credit bureau, of one's financial history, specifically as it relates to one's ability to meet debt obligations. Lender of last resortA function of a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve, in which it lends money to a bank which is facing unusually heavy withdrawals.Liquidity squeezeA liquidity squeeze occurs when a financial event sparks concerns among financial institutions (such as banks) regarding the short-term availability of money. These concerns may cause banks to be more reluctant to lend out money within the interbank market.Interest equalization taxIt is a federal tax on new investments by Americans in foreign securities. The US federal government initiated this tax in 1963 in order to inhibit the outflow of gold and exchange which had unbalanced the balance of payments of the US.Risk diversificationDiversification in finance is a risk management technique, related to hedging, that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. It is the spreading out investments to reduce risks.Key Points of the Text:The main reasons for the origination, the existence and the development of Eurocurrency.Differences between Eurocurrencies and those currencies in circulation in European countries.The effects and the possible problems of Eurocurrency market.How can Eurobanks pay higher deposit rate and lend at a lower rate than US banks?The mechanism of determining interest rates on Eurocredits.欧洲美元是指存放在美国境外的各银行和美国银行在欧洲的分支行的美元存款，以及从这些银行取得的美元贷款。

金融英语期末重点总结

金融英语期末重点总结一、基本概念与词汇1. 资产管理：Asset Management，是指对投资者个人或机构的资金进行管理和投资的活动。

2. 负债：Liability，指一个人或机构所欠他人或其他组织的货币、商品或服务等。

3. 存款：Deposit，指将货币存入银行或其他金融机构的行为。

4. 贷款：Loan，指个人或企业从银行或其他金融机构获得的资金，并按约定的利率和条件偿还。

5. 利率：Interest Rate，是指借贷资金的价格。

通常以百分比形式表示，用于衡量借贷资金的成本或回报。

6. 风险：Risk，指在投资或经营过程中遭受亏损的可能性。

7. 股票：Stock，指公司以吸引投资者的方式发行的所有权证明，股权的一部分。

8. 债券：Bond，是指债务人（发行债券的公司或政府）向债权人（购买债券的投资者）借款的债权凭证。

9. 股息：Dividend，是指上市公司向股东分配的盈利的一部分。

10. 保险：Insurance，是指保险公司架起的经济保护的桥梁，将风险分散到各个投保人，以减轻其负担。

二、金融市场与金融产品1. 证券市场：Securities Market，是指股票、债券等金融工具的交易市场。

2. 股票市场：Stock Market，是指股票的买卖市场。

主要分为一级市场和二级市场。

3. 债券市场：Bond Market，指债券的买卖市场。

分为一级市场和二级市场。

4. 期货市场：Futures Market，是指用来进行期货交易的场所。

5. 外汇市场：Foreign Exchange Market，是指用来交换不同国家货币的市场。

6. 金融衍生品：Financial Derivatives，是指与金融资产相关的衍生产品。

包括期权、期货、互换等。

7. 互联网金融：Internet Finance，是指利用互联网技术进行金融服务的新兴业态。

8. 数字货币：Digital Currency，是指用数字技术发行和流通的货币。

金融英语期末报告总结

金融英语期末报告总结Abstract:The outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019 had a substantial impact not only on people's lives but also on global financial markets. This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the pandemic on various aspects of the financial world, including stock markets, foreign exchange markets, commodity markets, and central bank actions. The research is based on a thorough examination of academic journals, reports from reputable financial institutions, and interviews with industry experts. The findings highlight the unprecedented challenges faced by financial markets during the COVID-19 crisis and shed light on the strategies employed by governments and central banks to mitigate the economic consequences.Table of Contents:1. Introduction1.1 Background1.2 Research Objectives1.3 Methodology2. Impact on Stock Markets2.1 Initial Panic Selling2.2 Volatility and VIX Index2.3 Sector Performance3. Foreign Exchange Markets3.1 Global Flight to Safe Haven Currencies3.2 Emerging Market Currency Crisis3.3 Central Bank Interventions4. Commodity Markets4.1 Oil Price Collapse4.2 Precious Metals as Safe Haven Assets4.3 Impact on Agricultural Commodities5. Central Bank Actions5.1 Interest Rate Cuts5.2 Quantitative Easing and Asset Purchases5.3 Emergency Lending Facilities6. Government Stimulus Packages6.1 Fiscal Stimulus Measures6.2 Support for Small and Medium Enterprises6.3 Unemployment Assistance Programs7. Conclusion7.1 Summary of Findings7.2 Implications for Future Forecasting7.3 Recommendations for Investors and Policy Makers1. Introduction:1.1 Background:The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly contagious coronavirus, has had a significant impact on global financial markets. The rapid spread of the virus and the subsequent lockdown measures taken by governments worldwide have disrupted business activities and caused economic downturns.1.2 Research Objectives:This report aims to analyze the various effects of the pandemic on financial markets. It seeks to understand the initial panic selling in stock markets, volatility levels, sector performance, the impact on foreign exchange markets, central bank actions, and government stimulus packages.1.3 Methodology:A comprehensive analysis has been conducted using a combination of primary and secondary research. Primary research involved interviews with industry experts, while secondary research involved a review of academic journals, reports from reputable financial institutions, and news articles.2. Impact on Stock Markets:2.1 Initial Panic Selling:The outbreak of COVID-19 led to widespread panic selling in stock markets across the globe. Investors reacted to the uncertainty by selling their positions, causing sharp declines in stock prices.2.2 Volatility and VIX Index:The heightened uncertainty during the pandemic resulted in increased stock market volatility. The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), often referred to as the fear gauge, reached record levels, indicating the high levels of fear and uncertainty in the market.2.3 Sector Performance:Different sectors experienced varying impacts during the pandemic. Industries such as travel, hospitality, and oil and gas suffered significant declines, while technology and healthcare sectors witnessed relative resilience.3. Foreign Exchange Markets:3.1 Global Flight to Safe Haven Currencies:During times of crisis, investors tend to seek refuge in safe-haven currencies such as the US Dollar, Swiss Franc, and Japanese Yen. These currencies appreciated against others, reflecting the risk-off sentiment.3.2 Emerging Market Currency Crisis:The COVID-19 crisis led to a sharp depreciation in emerging market currencies as investors pulled funds out of riskier assets. Countries with weak external balances and high levels of debt experienced severe currency crises.3.3 Central Bank Interventions:Central banks around the world intervened in the foreign exchange markets to stabilize their currencies. Intervention measures included direct currency sales/purchases, interest rate changes, and liquidity provisions.4. Commodity Markets:4.1 Oil Price Collapse:The pandemic and the subsequent decline in global demand led to a collapse in oil prices. The price of WTI crude oil even turned negative for the first time in history, reflecting the severe oversupply and lack of storage capacity.4.2 Precious Metals as Safe Haven Assets:Due to their perceived store of value, precious metals such as gold and silver saw increased demand during the crisis. Investors considered them safe havens amidst the economic uncertainty.4.3 Impact on Agricultural Commodities:The pandemic disrupted global supply chains and caused logistical challenges, affecting the agricultural commodity markets. Prices for certain crops, such as soybeans and wheat, fluctuated due to supply chain disruptions.5. Central Bank Actions:5.1 Interest Rate Cuts:Central banks worldwide responded to the economic impact of the pandemic by implementing aggressive interest rate cuts to stimulate borrowing and investment.5.2 Quantitative Easing and Asset Purchases:To provide liquidity and stabilize financial markets, central banks engaged in large-scale asset purchases and the implementation of quantitative easing measures.5.3 Emergency Lending Facilities:Central banks established emergency lending facilities to provide financial support to businesses and governments facing liquidity pressures during the crisis.6. Government Stimulus Packages:6.1 Fiscal Stimulus Measures:Governments worldwide implemented fiscal stimulus packages to support their economies. These measures included increased government spending, tax cuts, and financial aid programs.6.2 Support for Small and Medium Enterprises:Governments provided specific support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as they were significantly impacted by the lockdown measures. Measures included wage subsidies, loan guarantees, and grants.6.3 Unemployment Assistance Programs:To address the rising unemployment rates, governments introduced unemployment assistance programs to provide financial support to affected individuals.7. Conclusion:7.1 Summary of Findings:The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on global financial markets. Stock markets experienced initial panic selling, followed by increased volatility. Foreign exchange markets witnessed currency crises, while central banks intervened to stabilize currencies.Commodity markets, especially oil, faced supply-demand imbalances. Central banks implemented interest rate cuts, quantitative easing, and emergency lending facilities, while governments implemented fiscal stimulus packages and supported small and medium enterprises.7.2 Implications for Future Forecasting:The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a more dynamic and holistic approach to financial market forecasting. Models should incorporate the impact of unexpected events and crises.7.3 Recommendations for Investors and Policy Makers:Investors should diversify their portfolios to manage risk and consider safe haven assets during times of crisis. Policy makers should prioritize economic stability and sustainable recovery through targeted fiscal stimulus measures, employment support, and regulatory measures.Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges and lessons to the global financial markets. The crisis has laid the foundation for more resilient and adaptive financial systems in the future.。

金融专业英语---总结

5
Topics
Lecture 4. What is money? Definition and functions of Money 货币的含义和功能 Evolution of the Payments System货币体系的演变 How money is currently measured 货币的计量方式
金融专业语
Revision (总结）
Topics (revised)
Lecture 1. Finance foundations Lecture 2. Functions of financial markets Lecture 3. Financial institutions and the financial system in China Lecture 4. What is money? Lecture 5.Interest rate Lecture 6. Central bank and Tools of monetary policy Lecture 7. Banking and Management of financial institutions Lecture 8. Financial crisis
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Topics
Lecture 8. Financial crisis Definition of financial crisis.“金融危机”的含义 Global financial crisis of 2007-2009. 全球金融危机
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About the exam
开卷&120分钟&仅可以带教材、课件、计算器
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Topics
Lecture 7. Banking and Management of Financial Institutions Features of a bank balance sheet.银行资产负债表的特征 Approaches in which banks can manage their assets and liabilities to maximize profit. 银行管理资产和负债的途径

金融英语总结模板范文

In recent years, the financial sector has undergone significant transformations, impacting economies globally. This summary aims to provide an overview of the key aspects of the financial industry, including its structure, recent developments, challenges, and future prospects.Structure of the Financial SectorThe financial sector is a complex network of institutions and intermediaries that facilitate the flow of funds between savers and borrowers. It primarily consists of the following components:1. Central Banks: These institutions are responsible for controlling the country's monetary policy, ensuring stability in the financial system, and regulating the supply of money and credit.2. Commercial Banks: These banks accept deposits from the public and provide various financial services, including loans, credit cards, and investment services.3. Investment Banks: Focused on large-scale corporate finance, investment banks assist companies in raising capital through initial public offerings (IPOs) and mergers and acquisitions.4. Insurance Companies: These entities provide insurance coverage against potential financial losses, such as accidents, illnesses, and property damage.5. Stock Exchanges: Stock exchanges serve as platforms for the trading of stocks, bonds, and other securities, allowing investors to buy and sell financial instruments.Recent DevelopmentsThe financial sector has witnessed several key developments in recent years:1. Technological Innovation: Advancements in technology have revolutionized the financial industry, leading to the rise of fintech companies and the digitization of financial services.2. Regulatory Changes: Governments worldwide have implemented stricter regulations to mitigate financial risks and ensure consumer protection, such as the introduction of the Dodd-Frank Act in the United States.3. Globalization: The financial sector has become increasingly interconnected, with cross-border investments and financial flows on the rise.Challenges Faced by the Financial SectorDespite the advancements and growth, the financial sector faces several challenges:1. Economic Uncertainty: Fluctuations in global economic conditions, such as recessions and geopolitical tensions, can impact the stability of the financial system.2. Financial Inclusion: There is still a significant portion of the population that lacks access to financial services, hindering economic development.3. Cybersecurity Threats: The increasing number of cyber attacks poses a threat to the security of financial data and the integrity of financial systems.Future ProspectsLooking ahead, the financial sector is expected to evolve further in the following areas:1. Sustainable Finance: As climate change and environmental concerns gain prominence, the financial sector is expected to increasingly focus on sustainable investment practices.2. Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies: The adoption of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies could disrupt traditional financial systems and reshape the way transactions are conducted.3. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: AI and ML technologies are expected to enhance risk management, improve customer experiences, and streamline financial operations.In conclusion, the financial sector plays a crucial role in the global economy, facilitating economic growth and development. As the industry continues to evolve, addressing challenges and embracing technological advancements will be key to ensuring its stability and sustainability in the future.。

金融英语工作总结

金融英语工作总结Financial English Work Summary。

As the financial sector continues to grow and evolve, it is essential for professionals in this field to have a strong command of financial English. Whether it is in the context of banking, investment, or accounting, the ability to communicate effectively in English is crucial for success in the industry.In my role as a financial analyst, I have found that proficiency in financial English has been a key factor in my ability to excel in my work. From writing reports and communicating with clients to presenting findings to my team, being able to convey complex financial concepts in clear and concise English has been essential.One of the main challenges I have encountered in my work is the need to translate technical financial terms and jargon into language that is easily understood by a non-specialist audience. This requires not only a deep understanding of financial concepts, but also the ability to communicate them in a way that is accessible and engaging.In addition, working in a globalized industry means that I often collaborate with colleagues and clients from different linguistic backgrounds. Being able to communicate effectively in English has allowed me to build strong working relationships with individuals from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, and has been instrumental in my ability to work successfully in a global context.Furthermore, the importance of financial English extends beyond verbal communication. The ability to write clear and concise financial reports, emails, and other documents in English is also crucial. Whether it is preparing a financial analysis for a client or drafting a proposal for a new investment opportunity, the ability to communicate effectively in written English is essential for success in the financial industry.In conclusion, my experience in the financial industry has reinforced the importance of strong financial English skills. The ability to communicate effectively in English, both verbally and in writing, has been crucial in my ability to excel in my role as a financialanalyst. As the industry continues to evolve and become increasingly globalized, the importance of financial English will only continue to grow. I am committed to further developing my financial English skills to ensure continued success in my career.。

金融英语写作期末总结

金融英语写作期末总结Introduction:The aim of this final summary is to reflect on the key concepts and skills I have learned throughout the Financial English Writing course. This course has equipped me with the necessary tools to effectively communicate and write in the field of finance. In this summary, I will discuss the various topics covered in the course, the skills I have acquired, and my overall growth as a writer.1. Understanding Financial Terminology:One of the most important aspects of financial English writing is a solid understanding of financial terminology. Throughout the course, we learned about different types of financial products, such as stocks, bonds, and derivatives, and their corresponding terms. I have learned to effectively incorporate these terms into my writing, ensuring clarity and precision in my communication.2. Writing Financial Reports:Another crucial skill I developed during this course is the ability to write financial reports. We learned about the different sections of a financial report, such as the executive summary, income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. I gained a thorough understanding of how to structure and present financial information in a clear and concise manner. Moreover, I learned the importance of using visual aids, such as charts and graphs, to enhance the readability and comprehensibility of the report.3. Analyzing Financial Data:In addition to writing reports, I have also learned how to analyze financial data. The course covered topics such as financial ratios, trend analysis, and financial forecasting. These skills have enabled me to interpret financial information and identify key trends for decision-making purposes. Furthermore, I have learned to effectively communicate these analyses ina clear and logical manner.4. Writing Business Correspondences:Alongside financial reports and data analysis, this course has also focused on developing my skills in business correspondences. We learned about formal writing styles, proper email etiquette, and professional letter writing. I have gained the ability to effectively communicate with clients, colleagues, and stakeholders in a professional and concise manner.5. Ethical Considerations:The course also emphasized the importance of ethical considerations in financial writing. We learned about the potential consequences of misleading or false financial information. Ihave developed a strong understanding of the ethical responsibilities associated with financial writing, ensuring that I adhere to the highest standards of honesty and transparency in my work.Conclusion:Overall, the Financial English Writing course has provided me with a strong foundation in financial writing. I have developed a thorough understanding of financial terminology, acquired skills in writing financial reports and analyzing financial data, enhanced my business correspondence skills, and gained an appreciation for ethical considerations in financial writing. This course has equipped me with the necessary skills to effectively communicate and write in the field of finance. I am confident that the knowledge and skills I have gained throughout this course will greatly benefit me in my future career.。

财政英语作文期末总结

财政英语作文期末总结IntroductionThroughout this semester, I have been studying Financial English, and it has been an enriching experience. Financial English is a specialized branch of English that focuses on financial terminology, concepts, and communication methods used in the field of finance. In this summary, I will discuss the topics covered, the skills acquired, and the importance of Financial English in today's business world.Topics CoveredThe course covered a wide range of topics related to finance, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Some of the key topics included:1. Financial Terminology: Understanding and utilizing the specialized vocabulary used in finance is crucial. The course helped me familiarize myself with terms related to accounting, investment, risk management, and financial analysis.2. Financial Statements: We learned how to read, interpret, and analyze financial statements, such as balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements. This knowledge is essential for making investment decisions and assessing a company's financial health.3. Investment Analysis: An integral part of financial decision-making is analyzing investments. We learned various techniques, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and return on investment (ROI), to evaluate the profitability and feasibility of investments.4. Risk Management: Managing financial risks is crucial in any business. We learned about different types of risks, including market risk, credit risk, and operational risk. Furthermore, we explored risk assessment techniques and risk mitigation strategies.Skills AcquiredThrough this course, I have acquired several important skills that will be beneficial for my future career in finance. Some of the key skills include:1. Financial Writing: I have developed the ability to write financial reports, memos, and presentations effectively. This skill is essential for communicating financial information accurately and concisely.2. Presentation Skills: Delivering effective presentations is crucial for conveying financial information to clients, colleagues, and superiors. Through various class presentations, I have improved my communication and presentation skills, enhancing my ability to present complex financial concepts clearly.3. Analytical Thinking: Analyzing financial data and making informed decisions require strong analytical skills. This course has helped me develop critical thinking abilities to dissect financial statements, identify trends, and evaluate investment opportunities.4. Teamwork: In the financial industry, teamwork is vital for successfully completing projects and achieving organizational goals. Throughout this course, we engaged in group activities and projects, enhancing my ability to work collaboratively with others.Importance of Financial EnglishFinancial English is of utmost importance in today's business world for several reasons:1. Globalization: Financial markets operate on a global scale, and English is the primary language of international business communication. Fluency in Financial English enables professionals to effectively collaborate and communicate with stakeholders from different countries.2. Career Opportunities: Proficiency in Financial English opens up numerous career opportunities. Employers seek individuals with strong language skills, as it demonstrates their ability to interact with clients, write reports, and present ideas effectively.3. Access to Information: Financial news, research, and reports are predominantly available in English. Being proficient in Financial English allows individuals to access and understand this information, enabling them to make informed financial decisions.4. Professional Development: Continuous professional development is essential in the finance industry. Keeping up with the latest financial concepts and developments, often available in English, allows professionals to stay relevant and expand their knowledge base. ConclusionIn conclusion, studying Financial English has been a valuable experience. It has provided me with a solid foundation in finance, improved my language skills, and equipped me with the necessary tools to excel in the finance industry. The topics covered, the skills acquired, and the overall importance of Financial English in today's business world have made this course invaluable. I am confident that the knowledge and skills gained will greatly contribute to my future success in the field of finance.。

金融期末报告模板英语

金融期末报告模板英语Executive SummaryIn this financial final report, an analysis of the financial performance of XYZ Company for the fiscal year will be presented. The report aims to provide an overview of the company's financial statements, including the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Additionally, key financial ratios, such as liquidity, solvency, and profitability, will be examined to assess the company's financial health and performance. Based on the analysis, recommendations for improvement and future financial goals will be proposed.IntroductionXYZ Company is a leading player in the financial industry, providing a wide range of services including banking, investment management, and insurance. The company operates globally and has experienced steady growth over the years. This report will focus on analyzing the company's financial position as of the end of the fiscal year.Financial Statements AnalysisIncome StatementThe income statement for the fiscal year reveals the revenue, expenses, and profitability of XYZ Company. The company has achieved a total revenue of X million, which reflects an increase of X% compared to the previous year. The primary sources of revenue include interest income from loans and investments, fees from banking services, and insurance premiums.However, the company also incurred various expenses, such as operating expenses, loan loss provisions, and taxes. As a result, the net income for the fiscal year was X million, representing a growth of X% compared to the previous year.Balance SheetThe balance sheet provides an overview of XYZ Company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity. As of the end of the fiscal year, the company had total assets of X billion, which primarily consisted of cash and equivalents, loans, and investments. The liabilities of the company totaled X billion, including deposits,borrowings, and other obligations.The shareholders' equity was X billion, reflecting the retained earnings and investments made by shareholders. Overall, the balance sheet indicates a healthy financial position for the company, with a positive net worth.Cash Flow StatementThe cash flow statement reflects the cash inflows and outflows from XYZ Company's operating, investing, and financing activities. It provides insights into the company's ability to generate cash and manage its financial resources effectively.The operating cash flow showed positive trends, demonstrating the company's ability to generate cash from its core operations. The investing cash flow primarily consisted of investments in new assets and acquisitions, while the financing cash flow included payments of dividends and borrowings. Financial Ratios AnalysisTo assess the financial health and performance of XYZ Company, various financial ratios have been calculated andanalyzed. Key ratios include liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios.Liquidity RatiosLiquidity ratios, such as the current ratio and quick ratio, measure the company's ability to meet its short-term obligations. XYZ Company has maintained a healthy liquidity position, with the current ratio of X and quick ratio of X, indicating the company's ability to cover its short-term liabilities with its current assets. Solvency RatiosSolvency ratios assess the company's ability to meet itslong-term obligations. The debt-to-equity ratio was X, suggesting that the company relies primarily on equity financing rather than debt. This indicates a lower risk of financial distress and demonstrates the company's financial stability.Profitability RatiosProfitability ratios, such as the return on equity and return on assets, measure the company's ability to generate profits from its investments and assets. XYZ Company has achieved a return onequity of X% and a return on assets of X%, indicating efficient utilization of both equity and assets to generate profits. Conclusion and RecommendationsBased on the analysis of XYZ Company's financial performance, it can be concluded that the company has maintained a healthy financial position and achieved steady growth. The liquidity ratios indicate strong short-term financial stability, while solvency ratios suggest a lower risk of financial distress. Additionally, profitability ratios demonstrate efficient utilization of assets and investments to generate profits.To further improve financial performance, XYZ Company should focus on diversifying its revenue sources, enhancing cost management, and exploring new growth opportunities. By implementing these recommendations and setting ambitious yet achievable financial goals, XYZ Company can continue its financial success in the future.References[1] XYZ Company's financial statements for the fiscal year.[2] Industry benchmarks for financial ratios.[3] XYZ Company's previous financial performance reports.。

金融英语学习词汇、短语、用法总结

金融英语学习词汇、短语、用法总结1MOU(Memorandum of Understanding)谅解备忘录2LOI (letter of intent)意向函3Comfort letter安慰函；告慰信4projcet storage/reservoir/pool 项目储备库5loan application(letter)借款申请6EPC (Engineering Procurement Construction)工程总承包7contractor 工程承包商8tender and bid招投标9IFIs(international financial institutions)国际金融机构10MIGA(Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency )多边投资担保机构(成立于1988年，是世界银行集团里成立时间最短的机构)11Sinosure 中信保12EXIM bank进出口银行13Permanent premises常驻机构（办公场所）14credit rating 评级15list of requirements资料清单16articles of association/charter 公司章程17credit rating agency 评级机构18Standard's & Poor's 标准普尔19Moody's Investor Servicwe 穆迪20Fitch Ratings惠誉21certificate/ registered information 公司注册文件22Certificate of incumbency 公司授权/委任书23Engagement letter 委托书24Paid-up capital 实收资本；已缴足资本25Power of attorney 授权书金融英语词汇、短语、用法总结项目开发阶段评级阶段评审阶段26SPV(special purpose vehicle)27project assessment项目评审28project financing项目融资29corporate financing公司融资30Bridging loan临时贷款/过渡贷款/搭桥贷款31revolving loan 循环贷款32working capital loan营运资金贷款/流动资金贷款33Prefererncial/preferential loan优惠贷款34Government Concessional Loan援外优惠贷款35Preferential Buyer's Credit优惠出口买方信贷36Calendar year月历年度37Fiscal year会计年度38relevant approvals for the project项目审批39Exploitation license采矿许可证40Mining license采矿许可证41Exploitation right探矿权42Owned fund自有资金43borrowed fund融资44approval authorisation（贷款额度）审批权限45DD(Due Diligence) report尽职调查(报告)46legal/ technical / financial DD法律/技术/融资尽调47legal opinions/ advice法律意见48law firm/ accounting firm律所/会计师事务所49feasibility study report可研（报告）50Financial Advisor财务顾问；融资顾问51financial model财务模型52PPA(Power Purchase Agreement)购电协议53Take or Pay照付不议54DSCR(Debt Service Coverage Ratio)偿债覆盖率55Breakeven point盈亏平衡点56IRR(Internal Rate of Return)内部收益率(就是资金流入现值总额与资金流出现值总额相等、净现值等于零时的折现率,它是一项投资渴望达到的报酬率，该指标越大越好)57WACC(Weighted Average Cost of Capital)加权平均资本成本，是指企业以各种资本在企业全部资本中所占的比重为权数，对各种长期资金的资本成本加权平均计算出来的资本总成本。

国际金融期末复习中英文

【名词解释】【The Special Drawing Right (SDR) 特别提款权】p 30The Special Drawing Right (SDR）is an international reserve asset created by the IMF to supplement existing foreign exchange reserves。

(It serves as a unit of account for the IMF and is also the base against which some countries peg the exchange rate for their currencies。

【LIBOR 伦敦同业银行拆解率】p 33Eurocurrency Interest Rates：LIBORLIBOR(London Interbank Offered Rate) is the reference rate of interest in the Eurocurrency market, and is now the most widely accepted rate of interest used in standardized quotations, loan agreements or financial derivatives valuations。

LIBOR is officially defined by the British Bankers Association。

【Dollarization美元化】Dollarization – the use of the US dollar as the official currency of the country。

只将美元用作官方通货。

【Eurodollar 欧洲美元】Eurodollar is one of the European currency types,which refers to the dollar deposits in banks outside the united states 是指存放在美国以外的银行中的美元存款，欧洲美元是欧洲货币的一种类型。

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