兽医产科学 第八章 妊娠期疾病

③多胎动物除非全部死亡，否则临床上难于发现。
2.处理：Treatment
①配种后第３天起，每天肌注黄体酮 100mg，连续5-7天；
The third days after mating, the daily intramuscular injection of progesterone 100mg for 5-7 consecutive days.
一、流产的分类
The classification of abortion
１.根据排出的胎儿状况分：
Classified by the discharge of the fetus
①排出未成熟的胎儿，流产后即死亡--死产stillbirth
Immature fetus was discharged
（四）胎儿干尸化（木乃尹）――僵尸 mummification
胎儿干尸分两种：干尸、半干尸。常发生于牛、猪。
Mummified fetus in two ways: mummy, half-mummified.
Often occurs in cattle and pigs.
猪：干尸约占胎儿总数的10％左右，因争夺与子宫膜的接触面， 营养不平衡而死亡。干尸呈青黑色，尤如鱼干。
1．临床现象：Clinical phenomenon
①配种后发情，周期延长―３０天左右；
Estrus in about 30 days after mating
②发情排卵均正常，但呈习惯性久配不孕；
Estrus and ovulation were normal，but appears habitual infertility Multiple births in animal unless embryos all deaths, otherwise clinically hard to find.
Pigs：Mummified fetus about 10% of the total, due to competition for the contact with the uterine membrane
surface, the nutritional imbalance leads to death. Mummy
第八章
第一节
妊娠期疾病
流产 abortion
Diseases during Gestation Period
由于胎儿或母体的生理过程发生扰乱，或 它们之间的正常关系受到破坏，而使怀孕中断 的一种疾病――流产。 The fetus or the mother's physiological process was disrupted , or the normal relations between them were destroyed, lead to a disease of pregnancy interruption - abortion.
处理及预后：一般预后良好。处理同早产。 Treatment and recovery: the general recovery is well. Dealing with the premature birth. 如果发现流产症状，而不能及时排出者，助 产方法同（四）。 If you find abortion symptoms, and can not be discharged in time ，use the midwifery method like (IV).
①自发性：胎儿及胎盘反常或直接受到影响而发生。 Spontaneous： Abnormal fetus and placenta or directly affected . ②症状性：某些疾病的症状，或是饲养管理不当。 Symptomatic：Symptoms of certain diseases or Improper feeding management .
２．按病因分 Classified by the etiology
①普通流产；General abortion ②传染性流产；Infectious abortion ③寄生虫性流产。Parasite abortion 后两种又通称为侵袭性流产。 The latter two also known as Invasive abortion 注：每类流产又分自发性和症状性两种情况。 Note: Two cases of each type of abortion: spontaneous and symptomatic
二、临床上常见的流产
Common clinical abortion
（一）隐性流产即胚胎早期吸收
Recessive abortion is early embryonic absorption
发生于怀孕初期，囊胚附植前后。这时胚胎尚未充 分形成胎儿，组织分化尚弱，骨头尚未钙化，死亡之后 易被吸收，在子宫内不留任何痕迹。
•
一般预后良好，但要及时冲洗子宫， 尤其对传染性流产，注意子宫内膜炎，产 后败血症
The typical treatment after recovery should be timely flush uterus, especially for infectious abortion, take note of endometritis, postpartum sepsis
②排出活的，但怀孕未期满，特殊护理，可能成活；
早产premature birth
A living fetus was discharged but less than a pregnancy ，
special care，may survive
• ③排出死胎，有的已成干尸化---mummification Discharge of dead born , some of the fetus are mummification • ④在怀孕早期，因胚胎太小，被母体所吸收。 In the early stages of pregnancy, because the dead embryos are too small that can be absorbed by the mother.
• 疗效：受胎率提高３０％左右。
Therapeutic effect：the conception rate has raise birth：A living fetus was discharged less than a pregnancy 产出胎儿是活的，可能成活，亦有可能不具有生 命力。究竟比预产期提早多少时间属早产，尚无标准。
• ②对不孕牛：除上述外，第10天起，隔天肌注 黄体酮100mg，至16天，观察如否发情,若不发 情,说明有效,可连续至30天。 For infertility cattle：except the above，On the 10th day，the next day intramuscular progesterone 100mg, until the 16th days.
处理：重在预防 Guidelines :prevention as emphasis
①出现症状后，即肌注黄体酮，牛200mg，每 日两次。 After the onset of symptoms, the intramuscular injection of progesterone, cows 200mg, twice daily.
（三）小产：排出死亡，未经变化的胎儿
（在流产中最为常见）
Miscarriage: Output of stillbirth ， without change （Most common in abortion） 由于各种原因使胎儿发生死亡，死亡时临床无 明显症状。胎儿死亡后，母体作为一种异物，引起 子宫收缩而排出。数天内将死胎及胎衣排出。 Fetal death due to various reasons and no obvious clinical symptoms. Mother to death of the fetus as a foreign body, causing uterine contractions and discharge. Stillbirths and afterbirth within a few days to discharge.
处理： Treatment：
①大剂量雌二醇：200-500mg＋催产素150u High-dose estradiol :200-500 mg + oxytocin 150u ②ＰＧ：4-8mg宫腔注入，三天内排出； PG（前列腺素） :4-8mg uterine implantation, discharged within three days ③冲洗子宫； flushing uterine ④仔猪死胎，往往夹在活胎中间，无法诊断，亦无需处 理。 Piglet stillbirth, caught in the middle of live births, not diagnosis, without treatment.
②分析可能因素，对群体中出现的早产，普 遍 注射一次黄体酮，每头200mg／次。
Analysis of possible factors, to appear in the preterm group, generally given injections of progesterone, each one 200mg / times.
• ③估计保不住胎的，让其早产，注意对 母畜的护理。
Can not be expected to protect the fetus, Make it premature , attention to the nursing dams.
• ④注意早产儿的保温，加强人工哺乳。
Take note of premature fetus incubation, strengthen artificial lactation on fetus
was green black, just like dried fish.
Fetus: Mummified Fetus 胎儿：木乃伊胎
预后： prognosis
只要能顺利排出胎儿的，预后良好；只要 全身健康良好，仍能继续生殖。
As long as the smooth discharge of the fetus, the prognosis is well; as long as the body in good health and able to continue reproduction.
Output of the fetus is alive, may survive, there may not have the vitality. There is no standard to determine how much earlier than expected date of childbirth is premature birth
Recessive abortion occurs in the early stages of pregnancy around blastocyst implantation . Embryos do not fully formed the fetus, tissue differentiation is weak，there is no calcification of the bones ，so after death easily absorbed without any traces in the womb .
（五）胎儿气肿性流产 Emphysema abortion
胎儿死亡后，侵入产气菌，腐败并产生气体， 积于胎儿皮下、胸腹腔、阴囊腔等处。在炎热天气， ６－１２小时即可产生气肿。