现在完成时和过去完成时语法精讲

现在完成时

1. 定义：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。

2. 构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词+ 其它.

3. 否定句：主语+ have/has + not + 动词的过去分词+ 其它.

4. 疑问句: have/has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词+其它

5. 用法（四种）：

（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

例句：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. （过去的时间收到一封信，接下来可能会提到信上的内容，说明收到信的这个动作对现在有影响。）翻译：我已经通过驾照考试并拿到了驾照了。

I have passed the driving exam and got a driving license.

（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能持续下去。

例句：He has been there for six months.

翻译：我已经学了六年的英语了。

I have studied English for six years.

（3）在时间或者条件状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。

例句：Tim will not be so excited if he has been to Australia before.

翻译：我忙完工作就去图书馆找你。

I will see you in the library as soon as I have finished my work.

（4）It has been + 一段时间+since 从句（从句是用一般过去时）。例句：It has been six months since Tim went to Australia.

翻译：玛丽生病到现在已经三天了。

It has been three days since Mary was ill.

练一练：

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

2、I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）

A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard 3、—Where have you _______ these days？—I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends．

A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone

4、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

5、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

6、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to

Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

6. 现在完成时的标志

（1）以already, just，ever，never和yet为标志

Already表示“已经”。用在陈述句中，放在have/has之后，有时也放在句末。Already也可用语疑问句中，但通常放在句末, 表示希望得到肯定的回答或者表示诧异。Just表示“刚刚”，通常放在have/has之后。

e.g. I have already/jus t finished my homework.

Have you finished your homework yet?

翻译：她已经找到了她的自行车。She has already found her bike.

她已经找到了她的自行车了？Has she found her bike yet?

Ever, never, yet常用语否定句或疑问句中。

Ever用语疑问句中，表示“曾经”, 放在have/has之后。

e.g. Have you ever been to Australia?

翻译：你唱过这首英文歌吗？Have you ever sung this English song? Never用语否定句中，意为“从不”，放在have/has后面。

e.g.I have never been to Beijing.

e.g. I haven’t found my ruler yet. （yet用于否定句，译为“还”）Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到尺子了吗？（可用于疑问句，译为“已经”）

(2) 以for + 一段时间、in + 一段时间为标志

e.g. Zhao Lan has already studied in this school for two years .

The famous writer has written one new book in the past two years .

（3）以动作发生的次数为标志

例句：He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

（4）以so far（到目前为止）、before为标志

例句：He has got to Beijing so far.

I have never been to Australia before.

练一练：

1. —______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

2、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

3、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better