高中英语《英语动词不定式》

英语动词不定式

对于英语来说接不定式的单词多为“打算”“计划”“希望”“将要做某事”等表示未来的动词。同样与不定式表示不同的动词不定式表示正在进行，一般性或经常发生性的行为。

定义

（语态）动词和参与此动作的主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；

如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请）

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）

I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）

He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）

My work is to clean the room every day.（不定式作表语）

在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

形式

1) 现在式：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。一般为：动词+ to do something

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。

2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3)进行式：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4)完成进行式：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在表示情绪的动词后加to do也表将来

疑问词

疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语）

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语）

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接宾语）

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）

以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I

could learn……

经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。

作主语

动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。

To make up for lost time is not possible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。

To lean out of the window is dangerous.身子探出窗外很危险。

To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能存钱。

(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：

①It+is+名词+to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。

It is an offence to drop litter in the street.在马路上乱丢废物是违章的。

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作？

③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这篇作文。

It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.你把老师说的所

有东西都记下来的行为是很愚蠢的。

④It seems(appears)+形容词+to do

It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：

difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.

⑤It + 不定式结构可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder之后

He thought it would be safer to go by train.他认为乘火车比较安全。

He will find it is hard to make friends.他会感觉到交朋友困难。

⑥不定式的完成式也可作句子的主语

To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.两次犯同样的错误是不可

原谅的。

It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.爱过而后失去了爱，比从未爱过要好。

(3)举例

（1）It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了