英语四级语法 虚拟语气

虚拟语气一．一般虚拟条件句(1) 与现在事实相反——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry.——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you.那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为：从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +…主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋…(2) 与过去事实相反——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him.——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时…主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时…(3) 与将来事实相反——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs.——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是：从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋…主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。

练习：1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document.A.wereB.had beenC.will beD.would be(D)2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me.A.wereB.would have beenC.would beD.had been(B)3.W hat would you do if war _________ out.A.breaksB.could breakC.had broken outD. were to break(D)二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。

例如：——Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell you.——Had it not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much.练习：1. ____before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A) Had they arrived B) Would they arriveC) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive(D)2. Had he worked harder, he____ the exams.A) must have got through B)would have got throughC) would get through D)could get through(B)3. _________ enter university one day, I would work very hard.A) Would I ever B) Ever would I C) Should I ever D) Ever should I(C)三. 由as if /as though引导的从句中用过去时表示对现在虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。

例如：——Sammy looks as though he never got a square meal, but in fact his parents feed him very well.(用过去式表与现在事实相反)——He appeared as if he had known nothing about it.(用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实)——The old woman held him as if she would never let him go again.(用would+原形动词表与将来事实相反)练习：1．The American young man speaks Chinese fluently as if he________ a Chinese.A) is B)were C)has been D)had been(B)2．The garden looked as if it________ yesterday.A) wasn’t watered B)didn’t waterC) hasn’t watered D)hadn’t been watered(D)四．动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气——I wish he were here now.——She wishes she would always remain young.——I wish you had not hurt Jim so much . He is still very depressed.练习：1. I wish I____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A) had slept B)slept C)might have slept D)have slept(A)2．They never have enough resources and they wish they_______ more.A) have B)had C)will have D)have had(B)五．在表示建议、命令、要求等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should +原形动词”表示虚拟语气，或省略should表示“要求”的：request, demand, require表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：propose, suggest, advise 表示“决定、命令”的：order, command表示“坚持”的insist例如：——We insisted that he (should) be present at the ceremony.——The director suggested that she (should) study more English before going abroad.练习：1．My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he________ go there.A) not to B)won’t C)does not D)not(D)2．Mike’s uncle insists____ in this hotel.(00.1)A) staying not B) that he would not stayC) not to stay D) that he not stay(D)3．The job would require that______ at 7o’clock every morning.A) he will be at the factory B)he be at the factoryC) he was at the factory D)he has been at the factory(B)六．上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气requirement,advice,order,suggestion,proposal,command 其后的从句,也用“should +原形动词”表示虚拟语气，或省去should。

例如：The manager’s suggestion is that the secretary (should) learn shorthand.练习:1. The suggestion that the mayor____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A) would present B)ought to present C)present D)presents(C)2．One of the requirements for a fire is that the material_______ to its burning temperature.A) heated B)be heated C)to be heated D)being heated(B)七、在“It is(was)+形容词(或过去分词)＋that...(主语从句)”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should +原形动词”表虚拟语气。

或省略should常用的形容词和过去分词有：表“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired 表“建议”的：suggested表“迫切、紧迫、重要”的有：necessary, essential, important表“命令”的:ordered例如：——It is necessary that Frank do away with his bad habit.——It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.练习：1．They kept telling us that it was vital that we________ there on time.A) must be B)were C)be D)would be(C)2．It is necessary that an efficient worker_______ his work on time.A) accomplish B)accomplishes C)can accomplish D)has accomplished(A)八、在“It is(high/about)time + that引导的从句的谓语用一般过去时例如：It is high (about,already)time that we went to bed 练习：It’s high time somebody________ his tongue.A) hold B)holds C)held D)should hold(C)练习（虚拟语气部分）1.I f I ________ it was going to cost so much, I wouldn’t have bought it.A. had knownB. knewC. were to knowD. should have known2.W e cannot imagine what our world ________ like without electric power.A. isB. will beC. would beD. has been3.M y files are all over the place. I wish I _________ a box that I _______ them in.A. have, can keepB. have had, can have keptC. will have, will be able to keepD. had, could keep4.__________ in our offer, please contact us.A. If you interestedB. If you interestC. Should you be interestedD. Should you interest5.I t is necessary that the car windows _________ with these chemicals.A. are to treatB. be treatedC. will be treatedD. must be treated6.I t was suggested that a new system ___________ around the car.A. is to fitB. fittedC. will be fittedD. should be fitted.7.I t was his doctor who advised that he _________ his job.A. changedB. changeC. would changeD. had changed练习答案：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B。