英语四级语法 虚拟语气
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虚拟语气
一．一般虚拟条件句
(1) 与现在事实相反
——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry.
——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you.
那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为：
从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +…
主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋…
(2) 与过去事实相反
——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him.
——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.
那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是：
从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时…
主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时…
(3) 与将来事实相反
——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs.
——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.
那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是：
从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋…
主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。
练习：
1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document.
A.were
B.had been
C.will be
D.would be
(D)
2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me.
A.were
B.would have been
C.would be
D.had been
(B)
3.W hat would you do if war _________ out.
A.breaks
B.could break
C.had broken out
D. were to break
(D)
二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。例如：
——Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell you.
——Had it not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much.
练习：
1. ____before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive
C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive
(D)
2. Had he worked harder, he____ the exams.
A) must have got through B)would have got through
C) would get through D)could get through
(B)
3. _________ enter university one day, I would work very hard.
A) Would I ever B) Ever would I C) Should I ever D) Ever should I
(C)
三. 由as if /as though引导的从句中用过去时表示对现在虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。例如：——Sammy looks as though he never got a square meal, but in fact his parents feed him very well.(用过去式表与现在事实相反)
——He appeared as if he had known nothing about it.
(用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实)
——The old woman held him as if she would never let him go again.
(用would+原形动词表与将来事实相反)
练习：
1．The American young man speaks Chinese fluently as if he________ a Chinese.
A) is B)were C)has been D)had been
(B)
2．The garden looked as if it________ yesterday.
A) wasn’t watered B)didn’t water
C) hasn’t watered D)hadn’t been watered
(D)