考博英语-538_真题-无答案

考博英语-538(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionPart ADirections: You are going to hear five short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what you've heard. Listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you hear.(略)Part BDirections: Listen to the tape and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.(略)Part Ⅱ V ocabularyDirections: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one **pletes best the sentence.1. Agriculture must, therefore, ______ workers and savings to the new industrialized, urbanized sectors if a modern economy is to be achieved.A. yieldB. succumbC. subjectD. resort2. They ______ themselves ______ the politician because they hoped he would become president one day. At last he did.A. connected... withB. combined ... withC. linked... upD. attached... to3. Small children can not ______ the difference between right and wrong. It is our duty to teach them.A. appreciateB. enjoyC. acknowledgeD. confess4. To ______ the structural imbalances in the budget, and also in the economy the Administration has given its support to a constitutional amendment.A. relinquishB. remedyC. compensateD. redress5. It didn't seem to have ______ to her that once she was addicted to drug smoking, she could hardly give it up. But it did happen.A. happenedB. took placeC. occurredD. came about6. There is a direct flight at 3:00 or a flight at 7:30 in the morning that ______ in Los Angeles.A. stops byB. stops inC. stops overD. stops up7. They are looking for a ______ experienced secretary who is capable of organizing a busy sales office.A. charteredB. matureC. graduatedD. polished8. Although tile media have paid a great deal of attention to **muting, in most cases it is the employee's situations, not the availability of technology, that ______ a **muting arrangement.A. precipitatesB. reciprocatesC. anticipatesD. apprehends9. The middle aged woman has been ______ with a serious illness for half a year; she is dying now.A. laid downB. laid offC. laid upD. laid in10. Millions of people in the United States suffer from ______ back pain **es from sitting too long at a desk.A. chronicB. casualC. catastrophicD. elastic11. Paul is an ______ worker, and rarely does well in examinations. However he often refuses our help.A. errantB. erroneousC. erraticD. exotic12. Different cultures are more prone to ______ certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.A. contractB. conductC. confineD. conquer13. In recent years there has been a ______ increase in the cost of living, many families have to depend on the federal aids.A. ponderousB. powerfulC. significantD. violent14. Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they ______ radiation better.A. stand up toB. stand in forC. stand up forD. stand in with15. A scientific law is liable at anytime to need ______, that is an eternal truth.A. modifyingB. changingC. revisingD. adjusting16. The students take a ______ test in March, and tile main exam is July.A. previousB. preliminaryC. precededD. elementary17. The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A. crucialB. forcibleC. supremeD. valuable18. Simon's letter was in such a casual scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was ______.A. vagueB. ambiguousC. illegibleD. obscure19. The ______ meanings of the individual words do not help define all expression like "Drop in any time."A. literaryB. literatureC. literalD. literate20. This village which is surrounded by mountain is only ______ by river, it is obviously that the transportation is inconvenient.A. accessibleB. attainableC. availableD. achievable21. When American astronaut Glen returned to the earth and a hearty welcome ______ him, he was considered to be a national hero.A. waited forB. anticipatedC. expectedD. awaited22. The fund is for ______ distress among the flood victims in the southern city.A. releasingB. detractingC. relievingD. devolve23. Usually he managed to find plenty of work to ______ him over hard times, I think it is a good ideA. A. chewB. blowC. flipD. tide 24. If you plant two apple trees in one square yard of land, and the trees' productivity ______ decline.A. is bound toB. is determined toC. is unlikely toD. is related to25. **muting——substituting **puter for the trip to the job-has been ______ a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.A. hailed asB. drawn outC. born outD. lodged in26. Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools ______ a quarter **prised of fall, winter, and summer quarters.A. manipulateB. stipulateC. regulateD. observe27. Digging the garden with a spade is a very ______ task. I am exhausted after such two-hour's work.A. industriousB. manualC. conscientiousD. laborious28. The teacher's behavior and the student's response ______ what many people have said about language learning.A. confineB. conformC. consentD. confirm29. Building this road will ______ the construction of ten bridges, then the total cost reaches 1 million US Dollars.A. evolveB. involveC. revolveD. devolve30. Woody arrived at a most ______ moment; I was just getting into the bath.A. inopportuneB. importunateC. incongruousD. unfitting31. It is not enough to observe behaviors and ______ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A. correlateB. complyC. correspondD. pertain32. President Clinton ______ power when the US economy was slow.A. presumedB. consumedC. resumedD. assumed33. Baroque has been the term used by art historian for almost a century to ______ the dominant style of the period 1600 ～1750.A. determineB. designateC. deviseD. depict34. Some people ______ in part the defeat of the revolution in France and Germany to the English diplomacy, do you agree?A. contributedB. attributedC. distributedD. owned35. The reception was attended by various ______ members of the **munity and representatives of regional industries.A. protuberantB. conspicuousC. prominentD. projecting36. To be ______ I couldn't understand what he was getting at. If you wanted to know you'd better ask someone else.A. slyB. humbleC. honestD. cowardly37. After speaking for three hours, the lecturer found he could scarcely talk, as he had become ______.A. dumbB. inarticulateC. hoarseD. speechless38. Diana made a lot of effort to persuade her parents into ______ to her going to the United States to study business administration in MIT.A. contendingB. contestingC. contentingD. consenting39. She ______ for a while and was unable to make a decision, so she asked for my help.A. flickeredB. glitteredC. falteredD. blinked40. The school authority ______ against students' smoking both in the classrooms and at home.A. resolvedB. determinedC. bannedD. prohibitedPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through tile center.Passage OneIf you are a fan of science fiction, you've no doubt encountered the term nanotechnology, Yet over the past year also, a series of breakthroughs have transformed nanotech from sci-fi fantasy into a real-world. Applied science, and in the process, inspired huge investments by business, academia, and government. In industries as diverse as health care, computers, chemicals, and aerospace, nanotech is overhauling production techniques, resulting in new and improved products, some of which may already be in your home or workplace.The inspiration for nanotech goes back to a 1959 speech by the late physicist Richard Feynman, then a professor at the California Institute of Technology, titled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom." Four decades later, Chad Mirkin, a Chemistry professor at Northwestern University's ＄34 million nanotech center, used a nanoscale device to etch most of Feynman's speech onto a surface the size of about 10 tobacco smoke particles.What accounts for the sudden acceleration of nanotechnology? A key breakthrough came in 1990, when researchers at IBM's Almaden Research Center succeeded in rearranging individual atoms at will. Using a device known as a scanning probe microscope, the team slowly moved 35 atoms to spell the three-letter IBM logo, thus proving Feynman fight. The entire Logo was less than three nanometers.Soon, scientists were not only manipulating individual atoms but "spray painting" with them as well. Using a tool known as a molecular beam epitaxy, scientists have learned to create ultra fine films of specialized crystals, built up one molecular layer at a time. This is the technology used today to build read-**ponents **puter hard drives.The next stage in the development of nanotechnology borrows a page from nature. Building a **puter no bigger than a speck of dust might seem an impossible task, until one realizes that evolution solved such problems more than a billion years ago. Living ceils contain all sorts of nanoscale motors made of proteins that perform myriad mechanical and chemical functions, from muscle contraction to photosynthesis. In some instances, such motors may be re-engineered, or imitated, to produce products and processes useful to humans.How are these biologically inspired machines constructed? Often, they construct themselves, manifesting a phenomenon of nature known as self assembly. The macromolecules of such biological machines have exactly the right shape and chemical binding preferences to ensure that when **bine they will snap together in predesigned ways. For example, the two strands that make up DNA's double helix match each other exactly, which means that if they are separated in a complex chemical mixture, they are still able to find each other easily.41. Which of the following is the function that nanoscale motors perform?A. rearranging individual atomsB. manipulating individual atomsC. producing products and processD. photosynthesis and muscle concentration42. Who proved that Feyman's concept, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" was right?A. Chad Mirkin at Northwestern UniversityB. Researchers at Almaden Research CenterC. Scientists manipulating atoms and "spray painting"D. A professor at the California Institute of Technology43. According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT ______.A. The two strands making up DNA's double helix can find each other easily in a complex chemical mixtureB. Evolution has solved the problem of building a computer smaller than a speck of dust a long time beforeC. DNA not only programs cells to replicate themselves but also instructs them how to assemble individual molecules into new materialsD. The read-**ponents **puter hard drives are constructed by means of the technology known asa molecular beam epitaxy44. It can be inferred that Richard Feynman has been ______ now.A. deadB. decentC. prominentD. popular45. Scientists created ultra fine films of specialized crystals by means of ______.A. a scanning probe microscopeB. a nanoscale deviceC. a molecular beam epitaxyD. a **puterPassage TwoWith the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared. If you end up having to start over, in addition to starting your job search, there are several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one.First and foremost, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last jobwith your ex-boss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fired or were laid off due to budget cutbacks, make sure you both have the same explanation. Agree on job titles accordingly. Also ask for a reference if you think your ex-boss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performance.You should have a source of emergency cash that you can use in the interim. Don't panic and liquidate your stocks and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You should save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less take-out lunches. Save money by not eating out at restaurants and watch videos rather than going to the movies every weekend. Make a note of your job hunting expenses, such as career counselors' consulting fees and resume printing costs, and save the receipts. By next year's tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-search expense (unless you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking for your first job).**panies terminate your medical insurance coverage as soon as you stop working for them. But it doesn't mean you have to forgo medical coverage altogether. There is something called Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) in the United States that legally protects an ex-employee's right to stay in **pany's health care plan. However, **pany will stop paying your premiums, and you will have to pay out of your pocket the expenses. This is still a good **pared to no health insurance at all.Another important thing to take care of when you change jobs is your 401 (k) account. A 401 (k) is the retirement fund that **panies offer. It's named after section 401 (k) in the Internal Revenue Service's policy documents. You put aside a percentage of your paycheck each pay period, and the money accumulated will be managed by the 401 (k) fund manager your employer has hired and is invested in the stock market. You cannot withdraw money from this account until you reach this age, or you will incur penalties. When you leave a job, the money can sometimes be kept with your ex-employer for a while. It's always a good idea to compare your new employer's 401 (k) plan with your old one. **pany offers different types of investment options, from overseas stocks to high-tech stocks and everything in between. If you do want to transfer the account to your new employer, you need to go to the human resources department and ask for forms that help you make the transition.Don't forget to ask for job leads from your ex-coworkers. Even if you are leaving for a job in another industry, you never know what people they happen to know that can help with your job search. Keep in touch with the friends you have made at your old job. Remember to anchor yourself to people, not institutions, and you will find that any transition is made easier.46. The word "interim" most probably means ______.A. intervalB. hard timeC. transitional periodD. emergency47. What's the point of saving the receipts of job-searching expense?A. To get reductions at tax-filling timeB. To keep a record of one's job hunting experienceC. To be aware of one's expenditure and be frugalD. Because one's ex-boss will reimburse the job-searching expense48. According to paragraph 1, in the United States, ______.A. most industries stay unaffected by global economic recessionB. each and **pany spares no effort to survive the **petitionC. "compulsory redundancy" is going on in every industryD. employees are laid off because they are not qualified for their jobs49. COBRA ensures an ex-employee stay in the health care plan ______.A. as long as the ex-employer continues to pay the premiumB. as long as the ex-employee continues to pay the premiumC. as long as the ex-employee finds a new jobD. as soon as the ex-employee is called back to **pany50. Which statement is true according to this passage?A. 401 (k) account can be terminated by the employers anytime they want.B. 401 (k) account can be withdrawn by the unemployed staff before their retirement.C. 401 (k) fund is invested in international stock market only.D. 401 (k) account can be transferred from one's ex-employer to one's new employer.Passage ThreeOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked, them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at 1east 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen ate rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives——usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.51. In countries other than their own most Americans ______.A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants52. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ______.A. cultural self-centerednessB. indifference towards foreign visitorsC. casual mannersD. arrogance towards other cultures53. American people ignore cultural differences in other countries because ______.A. they can afford it with powerful economy and great wealthB. they are aggressive by nature and proud of their own cultureC. people in other cultures respect the American cultureD. people in other cultures are particularly tolerant54. According to the author. Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ______.A. affect their image in the new eraB. Cut themselves off from the outside worldC. limit their role in world affairsD. weaken the position of the US dollar55. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ______.A. stand stillB. step forwardC. jump asideD. draw backPart Ⅳ TranslationA) Translate the following into English1. 我们也不应该忘记，广告给我们的钱袋做出了积极的贡献。