高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义【精选文档】
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧,也是高考中常考的题型,是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。
词义猜测题常见的考查形式:1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean?2) The phrase “…" in the sentence could be replaced by _________。
3) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______。
4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase"…”?5) By saying “…” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. 6)What do you think the expression “…” stand for?考查方向:1。
熟词新意,即熟悉词汇的陌生含义;2。
复合词的含义的理解,对于衍生词汇的理解能力;3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力;4。
根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力;5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力;6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。
Example 11。
Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 词义:_________2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
⾼考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧⾼考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 得阅读者得天下。
要想在⾼考中得到⾼分,就必须提⾼阅读理解的得分率。
词义猜测题是⾼考阅读理解题中的必考题型,⽽且利⽤⽂章所提供的语境来猜测⽣词的含义是阅读的必备技能之⼀。
跟着⼩编⼀起来看如何破解这类题吧! 【⾼考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】 词义猜测能⼒是⼀项重要的英语阅读技能,同时也是上海⾼考英语卷对考⽣阅读能⼒进⾏检测的⼀个重要⽅⾯。
综观近⼏年的上海⾼考英语阅读理解题,我们可以发现,词义猜测的命题形式⼤体有以下三个层⾯: 1.猜测⼀个单词的语境意义,如(上海⾼考66题): What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? 2.猜测⼀个词组的含义,如(上海⾼考66题): According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who... 3.对具体语境下的特定句⼦的'猜测,如(上海⾼考73题): By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps... 【解题技巧】 1. 利⽤同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义 在⽣词所出现的上下⽂中,有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句,此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知⽣词在⽂段中的含义。
2. 利⽤定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读中的⽣词,尤其是新闻报道及科普类⽂章中的⽣词,往往在其后有对该词进⾏解释说明的短语或句⼦。
常见的提⽰词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等,有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现,或⽤破折号、括号来引出。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中,应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中,猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型,因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类:语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义,这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有:①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语(从句)或定语(从句)来表示的。
例1:(2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇,保留原题号,下同)...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略高考考情分析解读:词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断,也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断,既可以是生词生义,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看,词义猜测题一般有1-2题。
考查相对比较稳定,但难度略有增加,需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子:(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to?(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有:The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构:代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附:典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
同学们应加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能。
由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等,因此联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生,同学们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有:(一)根据构词法判断词义三种构词法,即合成、转化、派生,是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法。
合成法:通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义;转化法:通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思,常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化;派生法:由一个词根加前缀(p refix)或后缀(suffix)构成词的方法称为派生法。
一般来说,前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性。
所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀,我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义。
(二)根据语境判断词义这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的判断断词义的能力。
语境可能是一个句子、几个句子、甚至一个段落或通篇文章。
我们可分别将其称为小语境、中语境和大语境。
1.小语境(1)定义式常用的词有:be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,be c alled,define,represent,refer to等。
例1:Mark Twain was not the author‘s real name;it w as a pseudonym.例2:Mechanized farming means the use of modern m achinery on farms.(2)例举式常用词有:for example,for instance,such as,like等。
例1:Newly-married young people often spend some o f their money on appliances,for instance,washing-machines,r efrigerators and televisions.例2:Doctors suggest that everyone should exercise ev ery day,especially those who do sedentary work,like readi ng,typing and sewing.(3)重述式常用词有:and,or,similarly,that is(to say),in other words, namely,say,i.e.等例1:Red had the longest wavelength;that is,the distan ce between each wave is longest in redlight than in any ot her color.例2:The football player was penalized for his rudene ss and the punishment was a good lesson for him.(4)同位语构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分号,引号和括号等。
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式:
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测技巧
高考英语阅读词义猜测技巧做阅读理解,最怕遇到生词,不仅影响文章的理解,也会拖慢阅读速度,而在阅读理解当中,生词又是不可避免的,今天老师就为大家总结了几个巧猜词义的方法,大家一定要掌握哦!1. 类属法即通过类属来推测词义。
如:Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.说明:从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges 是同类事物,同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝” 和“椰子”)。
2. 推理法即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。
如:That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.说明:既然一天之内看不完所有的展品,那么immense 的意思应该是“很大” 了。
Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.说明:既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”,说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。
3. 例举法即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。
如:Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.说明:像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”,显然creatures 的意思应是“动物”。
In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.说明:periodical 是生词,但根据其后所列举的例子,我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊” 或“杂志”。
高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测
词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
连读前、后段落,主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词,作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。
线索词有that, which, is等。
三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等,还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。
在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子,从具体到一般,猜出该生词的意思。
五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语,例如反义词,可以暗示出生词的含义。
这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词,从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。
全国新高考英语专题讲解:猜测词义
新高考专题复习:猜测词义适用对象:新全国高考英语特聘主讲:胡学文所谓猜测词义,是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的词义。
猜测词义是一种非常有用的阅读技巧, 获得这种技巧之后, 读者在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来, 从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
本文拟就猜测词义的方法从以下几个方面进行探讨。
一、利用上下文与其意义上的联系猜测词义通过上下文猜测词义就是根据词所处的具体语言环境, 运用逻辑推理及其他方面的知识推断其词义,从而达到猜测其词义的目的。
1、If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.根据上下文分析,如果一个人能连续工作12个小时,能进行体育锻炼数小时而不知疲倦,那么,这个人一定是一个“不知疲倦的”人,由此可猜测出“indefatigable”的词义为“不知疲倦的”。
2、The newspaper will have to close down if it can not increase its circulation instantly.“Circulation”这个词的通常意思是“流通、循环”,然而,这时你会发现这两个意思用在这里都不太恰当。
从上文中句子的意思是“如果不加大报纸的Circulation,那么它就只能关闭”,由此可猜测出“Circulation”的词义为“发行量”。
3、The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.从下文“戴上spectacles后开始阅读”,根据普通常识,不难猜出其词义为"眼镜"。
英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
英语阅读理解的猜词技巧学会猜词是理解中的一个重要技巧,今天呢,店铺就为大家推荐英语阅读理解的猜词技巧,希望能帮到大家哦~英语阅读理解的猜词技巧1.构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如:unforeseeable.这个词,可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able;其中see是词根,fore是“先,前,预”的含义,un是否定,able是“能……的,可……的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
2.利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构,这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分,并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,甚至推出它的大致词义。
3.利用反义词猜词对比是描述,说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中,对比的事物是互为相反的,因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义,如反义词hot and cold,perfect and imperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等,在句内词与词之间,在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
4.利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,这也是近年来考查的热点。
特别提醒:在做英语阅读理解题时,一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。
熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。
原因有三:其一,高考对生词的数量有数量的规定,不得超过3%;其二,熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三,熟词生义的数量没有限制。
如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多,那就更难理解了。
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一,近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,而需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题吧!1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中,作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分,读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】(2022年全国乙卷,C篇)29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析:原文:That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释,故推测maintenance是“维护,保养”的意思,C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)
阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1.单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。
具体技巧如下:(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。
在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀,从而构成另外一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但掌握一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义了。
(完整word版)高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型,一种是推测某个生词的具体含义,是生词含义题;另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义,是代词指称题。
这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。
下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题,首先要着眼单词或短语本身,分析单词或短语的构成,分析其构词法,词根词缀,派生关系等信息,推测它的大概含义。
对于猜测句子的含义,有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义,但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀,特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义,而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。
高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下:根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中,因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1.Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析:anti-poison 是由poison 加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison 是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2.Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析:simplified 跟simple 是同根词,带有-ed 显然是过去分词形式的形容词。
阅读理解之猜测词义之定义解释法
怎样猜测词义词义猜测题的命题分析1. 词义猜测题的命题依据高考英语主要考查的是考生对于高中英语基础知识和基本技能的掌握情况,侧重考查考生的综合语言运用能力,特别是运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。
词义猜测题正是对于这种能力的具体考查,它是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力,对此英语课程标准和高考英语考试大纲都有具体的要求。
英语课程标准的要求是:能够根据情景及上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象。
高考英语考试大纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:1.理解主旨和要义;2.理解文中具体信息;3.根据上下文推断生词的词义;4.作出判断和推理;5.理解文章的基本结构;6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2. 词义猜测题的设问特点词义猜测题的提问关键词为mean, refer to, be replaced等。
常见的设问方式有:(1) The underlined word ―___‖ in the second passage probably means ―___‖.(2) Which of the following words can best take the place of the word ―___‖ in the first paragraph?(3) What does the underlined word ―___‖ in Paragraph 3 refer to?(4) The underlined word ―___‖ in Paragraph 1 is nearest /closest in meaning to ―___‖.(5)The word ―……‖ refers to/ probably means/ could best be replaced by _______(6)The word ―……‖ is most likely to mean____(7)What do you think the expression ―……‖ stands for? _____(8)By saying ―……‖ we mean_______(9)―……‖ as used in the passage, can be be st defined as _______.(10)The underlined word /phrase/ sentence ―……‖ means_______.3.词义猜测题的选项特点(1)正确选项的特点● 忠实于原文的语言,即在文字表述上基本和原文相关语句一致。
英语阅读理解高考时猜词义的技巧
英语阅读理解高考时猜词义的技巧猜词义,是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富,语境不同,词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
-根据上下文语境进行猜测一个单词或词组的确切含义是和它所处的上下文语境分不开的,所以我们可借助上下文语境对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
例1.(2002年全国卷,B篇)“Organic produce is always better,”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text?A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food分析:由最后一句话可知,越来越多的人购买organic food,说明人们越来越看好organic food。
高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法
高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法〔关键词〕英语;阅读;词义;猜测1. 根据文中的解释或定义猜测生词的含义以生词的解释或定义为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读最常见的一种办法。
如果在文章中出现比较生僻的词时,文中又能找出类似to be defined as,to be called,that is to say,to mean,to refer to,to be known as等对生词作出解释的语境线索,就可以领悟出该词的意思。
如:Pantomime refersto ashort play in which no words arespoken.此例中refers to 具有解释功能,再加上in which引导的定语从句提供的信息,pantomime的意思就很清楚了,意为“哑剧”。
2. 根据生活常识或经验猜测生词的含义在阅读的过程中如碰到生词,学生可以根据自身的经验或常识将其猜测出来。
如:Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold and dry weather.此句中wither为生词,但根据生活常识,由“由于寒冷和干燥的天气”可推测出多数花儿开始“凋谢、枯萎”。
3. 根据同义词或近义词猜测生词的含义通常情况下作者为了更清楚地表达自己的意思,往往用一个同义词或近义词解释另一个比较难的词,这些同义或近义词为学生推断词义提供了明显的线索。
or,like,as…as,the same as,similarly等都可作为引出同义词的标志性词语。
如:Mr Smith loves to talk,and his wife is similarly loquacious.很显然由similarly这个语境线索,可推测出loquacious意为love to talk.4. 根据反义词或转折关系来猜测生词的含义有时作者会用一些反义词来揭示事物的不同点,这些反义词无疑为学生猜测词义提供了非常好的线索。
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高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧,也是高考中常考的题型,是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。
词义猜测题常见的考查形式:1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean?2) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by _________.3) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______.4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”…”?5) By saying “…” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.6) What do you think the expression “…” stand for?考查方向:1.熟词新意,即熟悉词汇的陌生含义;2.复合词的含义的理解,对于衍生词汇的理解能力;3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力;4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力;5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力;6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。
Example 11. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 词义:_________2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 词义:_________3.It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily. 词义:_________4.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.词义:_________Skill 1:通过定义或解释来猜测定义常由定语从句或be called,be known as, be defined as,constitute,refer to等词汇或破折号,冒号,括号来引导。
解释常由or, that is (to say), in other words,to put it another way引出一些具体的解释性的短语。
Practice 1“Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder–a “cold”shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder”means ____.A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB. greeting you friendlyC. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with youD. feeding you cold meat Example 21.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 词义:_________2. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost…词义:________3.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 词义:________Skill 2:通过举例猜测常用such as, like,for example, for instance等引出例子。
Practice 2:I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn anincome. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?___A.I was waiting for good fortune.B. I was trying to find an admirable job.C. I was being aimless about a suitable job.D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.Example 31.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 词义:________2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 词义:________3.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. 词义:________Skill 3:通过同义或反义关系进行猜测表示对比或转折的常见信息词有:but,yet,however,while,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast ,in spite of,instead等,有时也用破折号或冒号表示对比。
表示同义的常见信息词有:or, like, similarly等Practice 3:….…indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.The underlined phrase “pop up” in the third paragraph probably means “ ____”.A.develop rapidlyB. get round quicklyC. appear immediatelyD. go over automaticallyExample 41.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 词义:________(2) He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.词义:________3.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. 词义:________Skill 4:通过因果关系进行猜测表示因果关系的信息词有:since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, due to, result in, for this reason, so /such that等。
Practice 4When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours ___.A.attracted the customers stronglyB. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shoppingD. caused the customers to lose interest Example 51. Bill ranked second in the semifinal of 1,500 meters.词义:________2.They took care not to prejudge the issue.词义:________3.We should attach importance to the problems of children’s non-attendance at school.词义:________Skill 5:构词法合成有两个或更多的词合成一个词pathway everyday riverside派生在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个单词extraordinary maturity frustration antiwar转化将一种词性转化成另一种词性place free value comb中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-(极微小的)re- (再,反复)mis-(误,恶)im-(不)un-(不,非)in-(不,非)non-(不,非)-able(能…的)-less(不,无)-wards (向)Can you guess the right meanings?superman________ microwave________ nonnatural________ mispronouce________ nonsmoker ________ eastwards________Practice 5:We have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praiseholic kids who expect it may suffer from depression when they are faced with troublesome situationThe underlined words “Praiseholic kids” refers to kids who are ______.A. tired of being praisedB. worthy of being praisedC. very proud of being praisedD. extremely fond of being praised Example 6ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences.What does the word "mimic"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?______A.findB. copyC. changeD. lose★Skill 6:生活常识:利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义。