医学词汇
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• Some useful prefixes ultra- beyond, besides, over dys- bad, abnormal ec- out, from out of en- into hyper- above, excessive hypo- below, deficient octo- eight pent- five tri- three
Beginings:preffixes • awithout mast breast -ia condition
-ia condition -ar relating to
• hypertherm excessive heat • intrain muscul muscle
Endings:suffixes
Nyx
nyctophobia
Medusa
caput Medusa
Word root
Word root
The deltoid muscle
Common English & Medical English
Common Medical English English 心 heart 脏
肝 liver
Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Greek Singular Suffixes o -on o spermatozoon, ganglion o -ma o carcinoma, lipoma o -sis o crisis, prognosis o -nx o larynx, pharynx Plural Suffixes o -a o spermatozoa, ganglia o -mata o carcinomata, lipomata o -ses o crises, prognoses o -ges o larynges, pharynges
Why are Medical English Words so strage and difficult?
English
Greek
Modern Medical English
Other Languages
Latin
★ Break it up
Medical English Word
Beginings
Common English
Medical English gastr- eg: gastritis
derm-eg: dermatology neur-eg: neuropathy
card(io)- eg: 胃 stomach cardiologist
hepat- eg: hepatitis 皮 skin 肤
• Prefix attaches directly to beginning of word
– Note: Combining vowel is not needed
Endings:suffixes
• Attaches to the end of the word root
– Makes a word a noun or an adjective
★ Break it up
• When a word has more than one root, a combining vowel is used to link the root to each other.
Slashes separate elements
IE: osteoarthritis
★ Break it up
Word roots Beginings Endings ★ Some useful terms
★ Quiz time
★ For more information
★ Introduction
Why do we learn Medical English Words?
★ Introduction
Word root
oste/ o / arthr/ itis
suffix Combining vowel Word root
★ Break it up
• Example word: myoelectric
– Breakdown of word: my/o/electr/ic – Root = my – Combining vowel = o – Root = electr – Suffix = ic
Medical English Words
Song Wengang
Department of pathology
I would like to take this chance to express my sincere English teacher, Deirder O’Brian
★ Introduction
• Note: Suffix begins with a consonant
Combining vowel is needed
Endings:suffixes • Some useful suffixes
-oma tumour -tis inflammation -oid like -ia disease -tomy, -ectomy, -ostomy cutting -logy science -osis state
Beginings:preffixes • Attaches to the beginning of a word • Meaning of prefix always remains the same
– Prefix changes meaning of root to which it is attached – Not all words have prefixes
comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (philos- "loving”+ adelphos- "brother").
Word root
Phobia: unusual fear
Examples:
claustrophobia: fear of closed places acrophobia: fear of heights testophobia: fear of taking tests
★ Quiz time
★ Quiz time gastros
hepatosteocardihyster(o)-
★ For more information
More information on medical words
http://www4.caes.hku.hk/mt/ http://www.wordsmyth.net/ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medicalwords/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ !!
Word roots (stem)
Endings
★ Break it up
Basic Elements of a Medical Word
1. 2. 3. 4.
Word Root Combining Form Suffix Prefix
These four parts of a word are known as ELEMENTS.
Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Latin Singular Suffixes • -a – vertebra, conjunctiva • -us – bacillus, bronchus • -um – vacterium, ilium • -is – testis
Plural Suffixes • -ae – vertebrae, conjunctivae • -i – bacilli, bronchi • -a – bacteria, ilia • -es – testes
Word root
பைடு நூலகம்
The word root usually refers to a body part. Some root words are derived from the Latin or Greek language.
Words & stories
Morpheus
morphine
stomach gastrwomb heart
gastric ulcer
uterus uterine
hyster(o)- hysterectomy
cardi- electrocardiogram
Word root
Philia: love, friendship
Philadelphia The City of Brotherly Love
骨 bone
osteo- eg: 神 nerve osteoporosis 经
Common English & Medical English
肺 lung
pneumo-, pulmo-eg: pneumonia
耳 ear 朵
ot(o)-eg: otitis
肾 kidney 细 cell 胞
nephr- e.g: nephritis cyt- e.g: cytologic
• Meaning of suffix remains the same
– Suffix changes meaning of root to which it is attached
Endings:suffixes • Example word: electrocardiogram
– Breakdown of word: electr/o/cardi/o/gram – Root = electro, cardi – Combining vowel = o – Suffix = gram
Beginings:preffixes • atom anatomy emtommology • abduction adduction
Beginings:preffixes • Example word: endocardium
– Breakdown of word: endo/cardi/um – Prefix = endo – Root = cardi – Suffix = um
鼻 子
nose
rhino- e.g.: rhinopolypus encephal- e.g: encephalopathy cerebro-
大 brain 脑
Word root
mouth
os
per os
hepatitis
liver hepat-
bone osteo-
osteoporosis
Word root
★ Some useful terms
syringe
★ Some useful terms
thermometer
★ Some useful terms
sphygmomanometer
★ Some useful terms
stethoscope
Review
– Prefix is placed at beginning of word – Suffix is placed at end of word root – Combining forms are used when word has more than one word root = compound word
• Note: root + vowel = combining form
– my + o = my/o
Word root
• Main part or foundation of a word. • All words have at least one word root. • A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form a complete word. IE: SPEAK (word root) + ER (suffix) = SPEAKER (complete word)
Beginings:preffixes • awithout mast breast -ia condition
-ia condition -ar relating to
• hypertherm excessive heat • intrain muscul muscle
Endings:suffixes
Nyx
nyctophobia
Medusa
caput Medusa
Word root
Word root
The deltoid muscle
Common English & Medical English
Common Medical English English 心 heart 脏
肝 liver
Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Greek Singular Suffixes o -on o spermatozoon, ganglion o -ma o carcinoma, lipoma o -sis o crisis, prognosis o -nx o larynx, pharynx Plural Suffixes o -a o spermatozoa, ganglia o -mata o carcinomata, lipomata o -ses o crises, prognoses o -ges o larynges, pharynges
Why are Medical English Words so strage and difficult?
English
Greek
Modern Medical English
Other Languages
Latin
★ Break it up
Medical English Word
Beginings
Common English
Medical English gastr- eg: gastritis
derm-eg: dermatology neur-eg: neuropathy
card(io)- eg: 胃 stomach cardiologist
hepat- eg: hepatitis 皮 skin 肤
• Prefix attaches directly to beginning of word
– Note: Combining vowel is not needed
Endings:suffixes
• Attaches to the end of the word root
– Makes a word a noun or an adjective
★ Break it up
• When a word has more than one root, a combining vowel is used to link the root to each other.
Slashes separate elements
IE: osteoarthritis
★ Break it up
Word roots Beginings Endings ★ Some useful terms
★ Quiz time
★ For more information
★ Introduction
Why do we learn Medical English Words?
★ Introduction
Word root
oste/ o / arthr/ itis
suffix Combining vowel Word root
★ Break it up
• Example word: myoelectric
– Breakdown of word: my/o/electr/ic – Root = my – Combining vowel = o – Root = electr – Suffix = ic
Medical English Words
Song Wengang
Department of pathology
I would like to take this chance to express my sincere English teacher, Deirder O’Brian
★ Introduction
• Note: Suffix begins with a consonant
Combining vowel is needed
Endings:suffixes • Some useful suffixes
-oma tumour -tis inflammation -oid like -ia disease -tomy, -ectomy, -ostomy cutting -logy science -osis state
Beginings:preffixes • Attaches to the beginning of a word • Meaning of prefix always remains the same
– Prefix changes meaning of root to which it is attached – Not all words have prefixes
comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (philos- "loving”+ adelphos- "brother").
Word root
Phobia: unusual fear
Examples:
claustrophobia: fear of closed places acrophobia: fear of heights testophobia: fear of taking tests
★ Quiz time
★ Quiz time gastros
hepatosteocardihyster(o)-
★ For more information
More information on medical words
http://www4.caes.hku.hk/mt/ http://www.wordsmyth.net/ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medicalwords/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ !!
Word roots (stem)
Endings
★ Break it up
Basic Elements of a Medical Word
1. 2. 3. 4.
Word Root Combining Form Suffix Prefix
These four parts of a word are known as ELEMENTS.
Suffix: Singular vs. Plural
Latin Singular Suffixes • -a – vertebra, conjunctiva • -us – bacillus, bronchus • -um – vacterium, ilium • -is – testis
Plural Suffixes • -ae – vertebrae, conjunctivae • -i – bacilli, bronchi • -a – bacteria, ilia • -es – testes
Word root
பைடு நூலகம்
The word root usually refers to a body part. Some root words are derived from the Latin or Greek language.
Words & stories
Morpheus
morphine
stomach gastrwomb heart
gastric ulcer
uterus uterine
hyster(o)- hysterectomy
cardi- electrocardiogram
Word root
Philia: love, friendship
Philadelphia The City of Brotherly Love
骨 bone
osteo- eg: 神 nerve osteoporosis 经
Common English & Medical English
肺 lung
pneumo-, pulmo-eg: pneumonia
耳 ear 朵
ot(o)-eg: otitis
肾 kidney 细 cell 胞
nephr- e.g: nephritis cyt- e.g: cytologic
• Meaning of suffix remains the same
– Suffix changes meaning of root to which it is attached
Endings:suffixes • Example word: electrocardiogram
– Breakdown of word: electr/o/cardi/o/gram – Root = electro, cardi – Combining vowel = o – Suffix = gram
Beginings:preffixes • atom anatomy emtommology • abduction adduction
Beginings:preffixes • Example word: endocardium
– Breakdown of word: endo/cardi/um – Prefix = endo – Root = cardi – Suffix = um
鼻 子
nose
rhino- e.g.: rhinopolypus encephal- e.g: encephalopathy cerebro-
大 brain 脑
Word root
mouth
os
per os
hepatitis
liver hepat-
bone osteo-
osteoporosis
Word root
★ Some useful terms
syringe
★ Some useful terms
thermometer
★ Some useful terms
sphygmomanometer
★ Some useful terms
stethoscope
Review
– Prefix is placed at beginning of word – Suffix is placed at end of word root – Combining forms are used when word has more than one word root = compound word
• Note: root + vowel = combining form
– my + o = my/o
Word root
• Main part or foundation of a word. • All words have at least one word root. • A word root may be used alone or combined with other elements to form a complete word. IE: SPEAK (word root) + ER (suffix) = SPEAKER (complete word)