浙江大学2005–2006学年秋季学期《操作系统原理》课程试卷及答案
2007-2008学年第二学期操作系统原理期中考试答案及评分标准-浙江
2007—2008学年第二学期期中考试试卷《操作系统原理》开课单位:计算分院;考试形式:闭卷;考试时间:2008年4月27日;所需时间:120分钟一.选择题 (本大题共 20 题,每题 1分,共 20 分。
)1.关于操作系统,下列叙述不正确的是()。
A、管理系统资源B、控制程序执行C、改善人机界面D、提高用户软件运行速度2.以下( )功能不是操作系统具备的主要功能。
A、内存管理B、设备管理C、文档编辑D、进程调度3.多道系统是指()。
A、同一时刻在一个处理器上运行多个程序B、在一个处理器上并发运行多个程序C、在实时系统中同时运行多个程序D、在网络系统中同时运行多个程序4.多道批处理系统的主要缺点是:()。
A、CPU利用率低B、不能并发执行C、缺少交互性D、以上都不是5.以下哪个不是程序顺序执行的特性()。
A、封闭性B、顺序性C、异步性D、可再现性6.下列几种关于进程的叙述,()最不符合操作系统对进程的理解。
A、进程是在多程序并行环境中的完整的程序。
B、进程可以由程序、数据和进程控制块描述。
C、进程是程序在一个数据集合上运行的过程。
D、进程是系统进行资源分配和调度的一个独立单位。
7.进程的PCB中包含有进程标识信息、处理器状态信息和进程控制信息,具体包括有()。
A、程序计数器(PC)B、进程状态信息C、进程用户ID(UID)D、以上所有8.进程有多个状态,不会发生的状态转换是()。
A、就绪态转换为运行态B、运行态转换为就绪态C、运行态转换为等待态D、等待态转换为运行态9.一个进程被唤醒意味着()。
A、该进程的优先数变为最大B、该进程从阻塞状态变为就绪状态C、该进程获得了CPUD、该进程排在了就绪队列的队首10.进程从执行状态到阻塞状态可能是由于( )。
A、进程调度程序的调度B、现运行进程的时间片用完C、现运行进程执行了V操作D、现运行进程执行了P操作11.分时系统中的当前运行进程连续获得了两个时间片,原因是( )。
浙江大学 2005–2006 学年秋季学期 《操作系统分析及实验》课程期末考试试卷
浙江大学2005–2006学年秋季学期《操作系统分析及实验》课程期末考试试卷开课学院:计算机学院、软件学院,考试形式:有限开卷,只允许带3张A4纸入场考试时间:_____年____月____日, 所需时间:120分钟 教师姓名:_________考生姓名: ___ 学号: 专业: 得分:For every following question, please select your best answer only!!!1.UNIX is a __________ operating system.A.)time-sharingB.)batched-processingC.)uniprogrammingD.)real-time2.Which is the oldest among the following OSes?A.)AT&T UNIXB.)SolarisC.)LinuxD.)Windows NT3.Which of the following is able to write to standard output and files simultaneously?A.)teeB.)|C.)||D.)T4.How do you extract the kernel from the tarball linux-2.6.14.tar.bz2?A.)tar x linux-2.6.14.tar.bz2B.)untar linux-2.6.14.tar.bz2C.)tar tzvf linux-2.6.14.tar.bz2D.)tar xjf linux-2.6.14.tar.bz25.You want to install the RPM package file foobar.rpm. This file is located in/home/bob.Which command would you use to install this file?A.)install /home/bob/foobar.rpmB.)rpminst /home/bob/foobar.rpmC.)rpm -i /home/bob/foobar.rpmD.)instrpm /home/bob/foobar.rpm6.What does the device file /dev/hdb6 represent?A.) A logical partition on a SCSI disk driveB.)An extended partition on an IDE disk driveC.) A primary partition on an IDE disk driveD.) A logical partition on an IDE disk drive7.Which of the following commands results in mailing the content of thecurrent directory to Bob?A.)mail Bob < lsB.)ls > mail BobC.)ls || mail BobD.)ls | mail Bob8.How could you describe the following commandline? foo; bar; foobar ?A.)The commands foo, bar and foobar are processed at the same time.B.)The commands foo, bar and foobar are processed one after another.C.)The command foo is processed. If it results without error, then bar and foobar areprocessed.D.)The command foo is processed. If it results without error, then bar will be processed. Ifbar results without error, foobar will be processed.9.How could you watch the contents of a logfile, even if the logfile is growing while you'rewatching?A.)tail -f logfileB.)less -f logfileC.)more -f logfileD.)watch logfile10.Which command is able to create directory structure with cycles?A.)mkdir -pB.)md -SC.)ln -sD.)ln -c11.What is the result of the following command? cd ~fooA.)The current directory is changed to ~fooB.)The current directory is changed to the home directory of the user fooC.)The current directory is changed to the nearest directory with a name ending with fooD.)This isn't a valid command12.Which command is to enable owner read and write rights, group users read writes, other usersno rights?A.)chmod u+rwB.)chmod 640C.)chmod 460D.)chmod u+rwg+rw13.How could you get a list of all running processes?A.)psB.)ps axC.)getprocessD.)down14.Which of the following commands would create a hardlink named bar using thesame inode as foo?A.)ln foo barB.)cp -l foo barC.)cp -d foo barD.)ls -l foo bar15.How could you display all lines of text from the file foo which are notempty?A.)grep -v ^$ fooB.)grep -v ^\r\n fooC.)grep -v \r\n fooD.)grep -v "[]" foo16.How many primary partitions could you create with Linux on one single harddisk?A.)1B.)2C.)3D.)417.In the bash shell, entering the !! command has the same effect as which one of the following?A.)Ctrl-P and EnterB.)Ctrl-U and EnterC.)!-2D.)!218.How could you monitor the amount of free inodes on /dev/hda3?A.)inode --free /dev/hda3B.)ls -i /dev/hda3C.)dm -i /dev/hda3D.)df -i /dev/hda319.How can you describe the function of the following commands: foo | tee bar | foobar?A.)The command foo redirects its output to the command tee. After that the command barredirects its output to the command foobarB.)The command foo writes its output to the file tee; the command bar writes its output tothe file foobarC.)The command foo redirects its output to the command tee which writes it into the filebar and sends the same further to the command foobarD.)The command foobar gets its input from the command bar which gets its input from thecommand foo20.After new Linux kernel image is built, which file need to modified in order to use the newkernel?A.)boot.confB.)grub.confC.)linux.confD.)none of the above21.Which option of command gcc enables symbolic debugging?A.)-gB.)-dC.)-debugD.)None of the above.22.How could you change the group membership of the file foobar to group foo?A.)chown foo foobarB.)chgrp foo foobarC.)chgroup foo foobarD.)chperm --group foo --file foobar23.What statement about the du-command is true?A.)Dump User - backups all files owned by the named user.B.)Dos Utility - provides different features to handle DOS-filesystems.C.)Dir User - shows the directorys owned by the named user.D.)Disk Usage - shows the amount of diskspace used by the named directories.24. How could you start the command foo in the background?A.)bg fooB.)background fooC.)foo --backgroundD.)foo &25.UNIX treats I/O devices as special files, which are stored under the directory __________.A.)/usr/includeB.)/binC.)/usr/libD.)/dev26.Which UNIX command can view a text file page by page?A.)typeB.)catC.)dirD.)less27.You've bought a new harddisk and installed it in your Linux box as master on the secondIDE-channel. After partitioning it into two primary partitions and creating filesystems on both partitions, you want to ensure, that both new partitions will be mounted automatically on boot up. What is to do?A.)Add an entry for /dev/hdc1 and /dev/hdc2 to /etc/mtabB.)Add an entry for /dev/hdc to /etc/mtabC.)Add an entry for /dev/hdc1 and /dev/hdc2 to /etc/fstabD.)Add an entry for /dev/hdc to /etc/fstab28.Which key combination represents EOF?A.)Ctrl-ZB.)Ctrl-DC.)Ctrl-FD.)Ctrl-E29.The LINUX operating system stores some special characters at the beginning of every file.What is the purpose of these special characters?A.)The size of fileB.)To count the number of files on the systemC.)To roughly indicate the type of fileD.)File protection30.How could you describe the following commandline? foo || barA.)The command foo redirect its output to the command bar.B.)The command foo writes its output into the file bar.C.)The command bar is only processed if the command foo leaves without error.D.)The command bar is only processed if the command foo leaves with an error.31.Before you compile your kernel, you need to configure it. Which of the following is NOT acorrect way to configure?A.)make configB.)make xconfigC.)make menuconfigD.)make mconfig32.After typing make bzImage, the compilation will complete server minutes later and you'll findthe bzImage file in which directory?A.)arch/i386/imageB.)arch/i386/bootC.)arch/i386D.)arch33.How do you get the online manual for administrative (not user) commands?A.)# man 1 admin-cmdB.)# man 2 admin-cmdC.)# man 5 admin-cmdD.)# man 8 admin-cmd34.How do you get the online manual for configuration formats?A.)# man 1 some-confB.)# man 2 some-confC.)# man 5 some-confD.)# man 8 some-conf35.What command can display the contents of a binary file in a readable hexadecimal form?A.)xdB.)hdC.)odD.)Xd36.Linux dynamic link libraries end with __________.A.).aB.).soC.).dllD.).exe37.Which one of the following key sequences is used to put a process into the background toallow it to continue processing?A.)Ctrl-BB.)Ctrl-B and then enter the bg commandC.)Ctrl-ZD.)Ctrl-Z and then enter the bg command38.Which one of the following statements correctly describes the > and >> symbols in thecontext of the bash shell?A.)> appends standard output to an existing file, and >> writes standard output to a newfile.B.)> writes standard output to a new file, and >> appends standard output to an existingfile.C.)> writes standard error to a new file, and >> appends standard error to an existing file.D.)> pipes standard output to a new file, and >> pipes standard output to an existing file.39.What is the first step in compiling software obtained in a compressed tar archive myapp.tgz?A.)make install=myapp.tgzB.)make myappC.)tar xzf myapp.tgzD.)tar cvf myapp.tgz40.What does the "sticky bit" do?A.)It prevents files from being deleted by anyone.B.)It marks files for deletion.C.)It prevents files from being deleted by nonowners except root.D.)It prev ents files from being deleted by nonowners including root.41.What does the pr command do?A.)It prints files to the default printer.B.)It displays a list of active processes.C.)It modifies the execution priority of a process.D.)It paginates text files.42.The shell is simply __________.A.) a command-line interpreterB.) a privileged programC.) a GUI interfaceD.) a set of commands.43.Which one of the following commands would be best suited to mount a CD-ROMcontaining a Linux distribution, without depending on any configuration files?A.)mount -f linux /dev/hdc /mnt/cdromB.)mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromC.)mount -t linux /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromD.) e. mount -t iso9660 /mnt/cdrom /dev/cdrom44.System administration tasks must generally be performed by which username?A.)amdinB.)rootC.)superuserD.)sysadmin45.How can you get a list of all loaded kernel modules?A.)lsmodB.)listmodC.)modlsD.)modinfo46.In Unix, one process is allowed to terminate another:A.)Under all conditionsB.)Only if both processes have the same parentC.)If both of the processes are running under the same useridD.)If both processes are running the same program47.What must be the first character on every command line in a Makefile?A.)spaceB.)pound (#)C.)tabD.)dollar sign ($)48.What is the default filename of an executable file produced by gcc?A.) a.outB.)programC.)run.batD.) a.exe49.The pipe is an example of what inter-process communication paradigm?A.)message passingB.)file sharingC.)shared memoryD.)smoke signalser A has a file xxx and allows user B to make a symbolic link to this file. Now user Adeletes the file from his directory. Which of the following options best describes what happens next?A.)The file gets deleted and B ends up with a invalid linkB.)The file remains in A’s disk quota as long as B doesn’t delete the linkC.)The file ownership is transferred and is moved into B’s disk quotaD.) A will not be able to delete the file.51.Which UNIX system call is used to send a signal to a process?A.)killB.)signalC.)ioctlD.)write52.What is the term for a small integer that is used to specify an open file in a UNIX program?A.)file descriptorB.)file pointerC.)file labelD.)file number53.Which of the following is not a file stream opened automatically in a UNIX program?A.)standard inputB.)standard terminalC.)standard errorD.)standard output54.Which system call can ask for more memory?A.)mallocB.)callocC.)brkD.)request55.Which of these is not a possible return value for the system call: write(fd, buffer, 256)?A.)256B.)-1C.)250D.)26056.The dup () system call in LINUX comes under __________.A.)process system callsB.)file system callsC.)communicationsD.)memory management57.Which of these process properties is not retained when you make an exec system call during arunning process?A.)process IDB.)variable valuesC.)open file descriptorsD.)parent’s process ID58.Which system call creates a new file?A.)creatB.)fileC.)linkD.)create59.Which system call creates a new process?A.)readB.)forkC.)createD.)exec60.The input parameter(s) passed INTO the pipe system call is/are:A.)The PID of the process to which to connect the pipe.B.) A integer value representing the pipe handle and another integer value representing thecapacity of the pipe.C.) A pointer to an array of two integers.D.)None of the above--pipe like fork has no parameters.61.Which system call creates a new name for a file?A.)creatB.)fileC.)linkD.)create62.What is the -c option used for in gcc?A.)compiling multiple files into a single executable fileB.)creating an object file from a source fileC.)specifying the directory where code residesD.)specifying that the language used is C63.Which of the following performs the system call open?A.)system_openB.)sys_openC.)open_sysD.)open_system64.Which of the following fields of struct task_struct contains the scheduling priority?A.)int processor;B.)int leader;C.)unsigned long personality;D.)long counter;65.Which of the following fields of struct task_struct contains the hardware context?A.)struct task_struct *pidhash_next;B.)struct task_struct **pidhash_pprev;C.)struct thread_struct thread;D.)struct namespace *namespace;66.Which of the following fields of struct task_struct contains the open-file table information?A.)struct list_head local_pages;B.)struct fs_struct *fs;C.)struct files_struct *files;D.)struct namespace *namespace;67.Which of the following structures describes a memory node (A Non-Uniform MemoryAccess (NUMA) consists of many banks of memory (nodes))?A.)struct pglist_data;B.)struct node_data;C.)struct zone;D.)struct zonelist;68.Which of the following structures describes the partition control block?A.)struct partition;B.)struct super_block;C.)struct boot_block;D.)struct inode;69.Which of the following structures can be called as the FCB (File Control Block)?A.)struct inode;B.)struct pcb;C.)struct file;D.)struct dentry;70.Which of the following structures describes one directory entry?A.)struct inode;B.)struct dentry;C.)struct file;D.)struct dir_entry;71.Which register contains the page directory point (for virtual memory)?A.)CR1B.)CR2C.)CR3D.)CR472.Which of the following fields of struct inode describes the number of different names for onesame file?A.)unsigned int i_count;B.)nlink_t i_nlink;C.)unsigned long i_no;D.)off_t i_size;73.Which of the following fields of struct inode describes the number of different processes usingone same file?A.)unsigned int i_count;B.)nlink_t i_nlink;C.)unsigned long i_no;D.)off_t i_size;74.Which kind of structure does the current macro refer to?A.)struct task_structB.)struct mm_structC.)struct inodeD.)struct file75.Which of the following scheduling policy is NOT used in the default Linux kernel?A.)SCHED_OTHERB.)SCHED_FIFOC.)SCHED_RRD.)SCHED_FEEDBACK76.Which of the following items of a hard disk partition is not cached in the Linux kernel?A.)boot blockB.)super blockC.)inodesD.)directories77.Which of the following functions can allocate virtual memory inside the kernel?A.)alloc_pageB.)kmallocC.)vmallocD.)malloc78.Which of the following is most appropriate?A.)sys_clone is implemented by sys_forkB.)sys_fork is implemented by sys_vforkC.)sys_vfork is implemented by sys_cloneD.)sys_fork is implemented by do_fork79.Which of the following should contain void (*read_inode)(struct inode*) ?A.)struct super_operationsB.)struct inode_operationsC.)struct file_operationsD.)struct dentry_operations80.When one task_struct’s state field is equal to TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, it means that__________.A.)this task cannot be waken upB.)this task can be waken up by any signalC.)this task can be waken up only if an interrupt occurs and changes something in themachine state so that the task can run again.D.)this task can be waken up interrupt81.Which of the following structures should contain loff_t (*llseek)(struct file*, loff_t, int) ?A.)struct super_operationsB.)struct inode_operationsC.)struct file_operationsD.)struct dentry_operations82.Which of the following structures should contain int (*link)(struct dentry*, struct inode*,struct dentry*) ?A.)struct super_operationsB.)struct inode_operationsC.)struct file_operationsD.)struct dentry_operations83.Which of the following is the most appropriate flow for handling system call?A.)system_call → sys_fork → do_forkB.)sys_fork → system_call → do_forkC.)sys_fork → do_fork → system_callD.)do_fork →sys_fork → system_call84.Which of the following is the most appropriate for the kernel stack handling system call?A.)Every process has its own kernel space stack different from its user-space stack.B.)Every process has its own kernel space stack which is the same as its user-space stack.C.)Every process shares one common kernel space stack.D.)None of the above.85.Which of the following is correct?A.)Linux 2.4 kernel can be used for real-time applications.B.)Linux 2.4 kernel is preemptible.C.)Linux 2.6 kernel is preemptible.D.)None of the above.86.Which of the following is NOT used for describe page tables?A.)pgd_tB.)pmd_tC.)ptd_tD.)pte_t87.Which control register contains the address causing page fault?A.)CR1B.)CR2C.)CR3D.)CR488.As for kernel synchronization mechanisms,which of the following statements is mostappropriate?A.)rwlock_tB.)spinlock_tC.)semaphoreD.)All of the above89.Which is the first filesystem mounted by the kernel?A.)rootfsB.)ext2C.)ext3D.)vfat90.Which is the right flow for schedule() inside the kernel?A.)goodness → prepare_switch → switch_toB.)prepare_switch → switch_to → goodnessC.)switch_to → prepare_switch → goodnessD.)goodness → switch_to → prepare_switch91.As for the interaction between a processes and its open file, which of the following is mostappropriate?A.) A process will use the FS, beginning with struct file.B.) A process will use the FS, beginning with struct inode.C.) A process will use the FS, beginning with struct dentry.D.) A process will use the FS, beginning with struct super_block.92.Which of the following functions uses the slab allocator algorithm?A.)alloc_pageB.)kmallocC.)vmallocD.)malloc93.Which of the following file-system types contains the info about the running kernel?A.)devptfsB.)tmpfsC.)procD.)ext394.Which of the following is the system call implementation?A.)sys_creatB.)sys_requestC.)sys_createD.)sys_new95.Which of the following fields of struct ext2_inode points to the actual file content (notmetadata)?A.)__u32 i_blocks;B.)__16 i_links_count;C.)__u32 i_block[EXT2_N_BLOCKS];D.)__u32 i_faddr;96.Which of the following is correct about one module object modulename.o?A.)It has to become the executable file modulename in order to use.B.)It has to be used via insmod commandC.)It has to statically linked with a kernel in order to use.D.)None of the above.97.Which of the following is the right invocation flow?A.)alloc_pages → _alloc_pages → __ alloc_pagesB.)__alloc_pages → _alloc_pages → alloc_pagesC.)__alloc_pages → alloc_pages → _alloc_pagesD.)alloc_pages → __alloc_pages → _ alloc_pages98.Which of the following is correct for IPC (Inter-Process Communication)?A.)semaphoreB.)shared memoryC.)message passingD.)All the above99.Which of the linkages should be used with sys_open?A.) C linkageB.)C++ linkageC.)asm linkageD.)none of the above.100.Which of the following is correct?A.)Linux kernel uses the BIOS all the time.B.)Linux kernel uses the BIOS only during the booting.C.)Linux kernel uses the BIOS after the booting.D.)Linux kernel doesn’t use the BIOS at all.。
浙大远程操作系统原理离线作业
浙江大学远程教育学院《操作系统原理》课程作业姓名:学号:年级:学习中心:—————————————————————————————一、单选题7进程P0和P1的共享变量定义及其初值为boolean flag[2];int turn=0;flag[0]=FALSE;flag[1]=FALSE;若进程P0和P1访问临界资源的类C代码实现如下:void P0() //P0进程{ while(TURE){flag[0]=TRUE; turn = 1;while (flag[1] && turn == 1) ;临界区;flag[0] = FALSE;}}void P1() //P1进程{ while(TURE){flag[1]=TRUE; turn = 0;while (flag[0] && turn == 0) ;临界区;flag[1] = FALSE;}}则并发执行进程P0和P1时产生的情况是:A.不能保证进程互斥进入临界区、会出现“饥饿”现象B.不能保证进程互斥进入临界区、不会出现“饥饿”现象C.能保证进程互斥进入临界区、会出现“饥饿”现象D.能保证进程互斥进入临界区、不会出现“饥饿”现象【答案】D2.有两个进程P1和P2描述如下:shared data:int counter = 6;P1 :Computing;counter=counter+1;P2 :Printing;counter=counter-2;两个进程并发执行,运行完成后,counter的值不可能为。
A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7【答案】C3.某计算机采用二级页表的分页存储管理方式,按字节编址,页大小为210字节,页表项大小为2字节,逻辑地址结构为:页目录号页号页内偏移量逻辑地址空间大小为216页,则表示整个逻辑地址空间的页目录表中包含表项的个数至少是A.64 B.128 C.256 D.512【答案】B4.在动态分区系统中,有如下空闲块:空闲块块大小(KB)块的基址1 80 602 75 1503 55 2504 90 350此时,某进程P请求50KB内存,系统从第1个空闲块开始查找,结果把第4个空闲块分配给了P进程,请问是用哪一种分区分配算法实现这一方案?A.首次适应B. 最佳适应C. 最差适应D. 下次适应【答案】C5.在一页式存储管理系统中,页表内容如下所示。
浙江大学2005–2006学年秋季学期《操作系统原理》课程试卷及答案
For every following question, please select your best answer only!!!
OS_Theory_1
1. An operating system is a program that manages the __________. A.) computer hardware B.) computer software C.) computer resources D.) application programs 2. An operating system is designed for ease of use and/or __________. A.) speed B.) compatibility C.) resource utilization D.) flexibility 3. Which OS is the oldest? A.) UNIX B.) MULTICS C.) Windows 3.x D.) Windows XP 4. The evolution of operating systems for mainframes is roughly like from __________. A.) no software multi-programming multi-tasking B.) no software multi-tasking multi-programming C.) no software resident monitors multi-tasking multi-programming D.) no software resident monitors multi-programming multi-tasking 5. Users can create and destroy process by ________________. A.) function invocation B.) macro instruction C.) system calls D.) procedure invocation 6. __________ is to keep multiple jobs in memory simultaneously in order to keep the CPU busy. A.) batch processing B.) real-time processing C.) multiprogramming D.) parallel execution 7. What is the purpose of system calls? A.) System calls allow us to write assembly language programs. B.) System calls are the standard interface between a user process and a kernel process. C.) System calls allow user-level processes to request services of the operating
浙江大学城市学院07-08操作系统试卷
4. 检测死锁的算法是在______。 A、程序中申请资源时使用 C、死锁即将出现时使用
B、死锁出现之后使用 D、定时检查系统状态时使用
5. 指出以下非临界资源______。
A、纯代码
B、变量
C、队列
D、栈
6. 分区式存储器管理方式中,每个程序______ 。
A、一定在分区中连续、部分存放
B、一定在分区中连续、整体存放
进程 到达时间 运行时间 完成时间 周转时间 平均周转时间 7. (6 分) 最短查找时间优先算法(SSTF)
A、有序文件
B、记录式文件
C、顺序文件
D、流式文件
19. 逻辑文件是______的文件组织形式。 A、在外部设备上 B、从用户观点看
C、虚拟存储
D、目录
20. ______的物理结构对文件随机存取时必须按指针进行,效率较低。
A、连续文件
B、链接文件
C、索引文件
D、多级索引文件
二.判断题(本大题共 15 题,每题 1 分,共 15 分。) 1. 进程被阻塞以后,代表进程在阻塞队列的是它的进程控制块。 2. 所谓并行是指两个或两个以上的事件在同一时刻发生。 3. 一个进程从等待态变成就绪态必定会引起进程切换。 4. 对临界资源,应采用互斥访问方式来实现共享。 5. 处于死锁的系统中,没有进程可再运行。
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15 四.简答题(本大题共6题,共 40 分。) 得分 1. (3 分)请在下表中正确的位置打勾。
时间换取空间的技术 空间换时间的技术 快表 分页存储 交换技术 虚拟存储器 索引顺序文件 层次存储体系 2. (6 分)试简要回答有哪些磁盘性能参数?并请写出磁盘平均访问时间和这些参数的关系。
浙江大学2004-05学年第二学期期末考试题及答案
(4 分) (2 分) (1 分)
(4 分)
解得特征根为 s1 2, s2 2 , s3 2 j , s4 2 j , s5,6 1 j 。 (3 分)
由此可知系统临界稳定。
五、解:K w1wc
该系统的开环传递函数为 G(s)H(s)
=
w1wc
(
1 w1
s
1)
轨迹图。
(14 分)
五、已知最小相位系统 Bode 图的渐近幅频特性如下图所示,求该系统的开环传递函数。(16 分)
六、设单位反馈系统的开环传递函数为 G(s)
K
,要求系统响应单位匀速信号的
s(0.04s 1)
稳态误差 ess 1% 及相角裕度 45 ,试确定串联迟后校正环节的传递函数。 (16 分)
ess =0.25,试确定系统参数 K、 。
(16 分)
三、设系统特征方程如下,判断系统的稳定性,如果不稳定,说出不稳定根的个数。
(1) s4 3s3 s2 3s 1 0
(7 分)
(2)s6 2s5 8s4 12s3 20s2 16s 16 0
(7 分)
四、已知单位负反馈系统的开环传递函数为 G(s) 0.25(s a) ,试绘制以 a 为参变量的参量根 s 2 (s 1)
浙江大学 2004-2005 学年第二学期期末考试题
专业班级:自 02-3-5 班
课程名称:自动控制原理(A)
第 1 页共 2 页
一 、 已 知 系 统 方 框 图 如 图 所 示 , 通 过 方 框 图 等 效 简 化 求 系 统 的 传 递 函 数 C(s) 。 F (s)
(14 分)
二、 某控制系统的方框图如图所示,欲保证阻尼比 =0.7 和响应单位斜坡函数的稳态误差为
2005年到2012年浙江省计算机三级网络技术-历年真题完整版(含答案)
2005年秋浙江省高等学校计算机等级考试试卷(三级,网络技术)说明:(1)考生应将一至四题的答案涂写在答题卡上,将第五、六题答案写在答卷纸上,否则作无效处理;(2)除了第六题目A、B选择其中之一,其他所有题目均为必答题;(3)请将你的准考证号的后四位填写在答卷的右下角指定位置内;(4)考试时间为120分钟。
一、计算机网络基础(本题21分)1、调制解调技术主要用于下列(1)种通信方式中。
(1)A.模拟信号传输数字数据 B.模拟信号传输模拟数据C.数字信号传输数字数据 D.数字信号传输模拟数据2、在下列多路复用技术中,(2)具有动态分配时隙的功能。
(2)A.同步时分多路复用 B.统计时分多路复用C.频分多路复用D.波分多路复用3、下面属于数据通信中差错控制技术的是(3)。
(3)A.分组技术B.曼彻斯特码C.异步传输D.海明码4、按覆盖的地理范围进行分类,计算机网络可以分为3类,即(4)。
(4)A.局域网、广域网与X.25网B.局域网、广域网与宽带网C.局域网、广域网与ATM网D.局域网、广域网与城域网5、下列有关网络拓扑结构的叙述中,正确的是(5)。
(5)A.星形结构的缺点是,当需要增加新的结点时成本比较高B.树型结构的线路复杂,网络管理也较困难C.网络的拓扑结构是指网络中结点的物理分布方式D.网络的拓扑结构是指网络结点间的布线方式6、Internet网是目前世界上第一大互联网,它起源于美国,其雏形是(6)。
(6)A.ARPANET网B.NCFC网C.GBNET网D.CERNET网7、对于数据通信方式,下列说法正确的是(7)。
(7)A.通信方式可以分为单工通信、双工通信、半单工通信、半双工通信B.单工通信是指通信线路上的数据有时可以按单一方向传送C.半双工通信是指一个通信线路上允许数据双向通信,但不允许同时双向传送D.以上说法均不正确8、在常用的传输介质中,带宽最宽、信号传输衰减最小、抗干扰能力最强的一类传输介质是(8)。
专升本《操作系统原理》试卷答案
专升本《操作系统原理》一、(共75题,共150分)1. 操作系统的资源管理功能,通常可划分为()。
(2分)A.二个部分B.三个部分C.四个部分D.五个部分.标准答案:C2. 操作系统的一个主要特征是()。
(2分)A.针对性B.高效率C.复杂性D.共享.标准答案:D3. 批处理优于分时处理的一个优点是()。
(2分)A.CPU的利用率较高B.内存的利用率较高C.一次能执行多个程序D.能进行并发处理.标准答案:A4. 程序状态字PSW的一部分内容,在小型机中是放在()中。
(2分)A.缓冲寄存器B.指令计数器PCC.控制器D.地址寄存器.标准答案:B5. 根据中断完成的功能,从内存取数据出错时引起的中断称为()。
(2分)A.系统中断B.机器故障中断C.外部中断D.程序性中断.标准答案:B6. ()是由系统功能调用来实现。
(2分)A.文件复制B.读文件的信息C.执行下一条指令D.读内存单元的数据.标准答案:B7. 操作系统的命令接口又可进一部分为()。
(2分)A.联机用户接口和程序接口B.联机用户接口和脱机用户接口C.程序接口和图形接口D.联机用户接口和图形接口.标准答案:B8. 下面()所列的内容属于临界资源。
(2分)A.读写磁盘的磁头B.扫描仪C.CPUD.程序的私用数据.标准答案:B9. 进程的基本状态有三种,其中一个是()。
(2分)A.开始态B.就绪态C.唤醒态D.结束态.标准答案:B10. 对进程进行控制的原语包括()原语。
(2分)A.执行B.唤醒C.就绪D.淘汰.标准答案:B11. 动态分配是指在()时进行资源的分配。
(2分)A.作业提出申请B.作业开始执行C.进程开始执行D.进程运行中提出申请.标准答案:D12. 在资源/进程有向图中,由资源指向进程的有向边表示()。
(2分)A.进程等待资源B.进程申请资源C.资源被该进程占有D.该资源空闲.标准答案:C13. 批处理系统中,作业的状态可分为多种,其中一种为()。
专科《操作系统原理及应用》_试卷_答案
专科《操作系统原理及应用》_试卷_答案(总4页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面,使用请直接删除专科《操作系统原理及应用》一、(共75题,共150分)1. 在手工操作阶段,存在的一个严重的问题是()。
(2分)A.计算机的速度不快B.计算机的内存容量不大C.外部设备太少D.用户使用不方便标准答案:D2. 下列选项()不是操作系统关心的。
(2分)A.管理计算机硬件B.提供用户操作的界面C.管理计算机资源D.高级程序设计语言的编译标准答案:D3. 批处理最主要的一个缺点是()。
(2分)A.用户无法与程序交互B.一次只能执行一个程序C.没有实现并发处理D.CPU的利用率较低标准答案:A4. 当CPU执行用户程序的代码时,处理器处于()。
(2分)A.自由态B.用户态C.核心态D.就绪态标准答案:B5. 根据中断信号的来源,()引起的中断称为外中断。
(2分)A.I/O完成B.内存越界C.用户态下执行特权指令D.数据传输出错标准答案:A6. 作业的处理一般分为多个作业步,连接成功后,下一步的工作是()。
(2分)A.运行B.编辑C.检测D.连接标准答案:A7. 操作系统向用户提供了二种使用计算机的接口,其中一个是()。
(2分)A.函数库B.子程序调用C.中断机制D.系统调用标准答案:D8. 并发执行的一个特点是()。
(2分)A.结果可再现B.程序与计算不再一一对应C.计算结果会出错D.不会顺序执行标准答案:B9. 进程的基本状态有三种,其中一个是()。
(2分)A.开始态B.就绪态C.唤醒态D.结束态标准答案:B10. 对进程进行控制的原语,完成的功能包括()。
(2分)A.执行就绪的进程B.唤醒等待的进程C.将运行程序就绪D.淘汰出错的进程标准答案:B11. 资源描述器中应包含的内容有()。
(2分)A.分配标志B.等待队列的指针C.唤醒程序的地址D.资源分配程序入口地址标准答案:D12. 死锁四个必要条件中,不能破坏的是()。
操作系统原理期末试卷(10套含答案)7
操作系统原理期末试题(一)一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1.以下著名的操作系统中,属于多用户、分时系统的是( B )。
A.DOS系统 B.UNIX系统C.Windows NT系统 D.OS/2系统2.在操作系统中,进程的最基本的特征是( A )。
A.动态性和并发性 B.顺序性和可再现性C.与程序的对应性 D.执行过程的封闭性3.操作系统中利用信号量和P、V操作,( C )。
A.只能实现进程的互斥 B.只能实现进程的同步 C.可实现进程的互斥和同步 D.可完成进程调度4.作业调度的关键在于( C )。
A.选择恰当的进程管理程序 B.用户作业准备充分C.选择恰当的作业调度算法 D.有一个较好的操作环境 5.系统抖动是指( D )。
A.使用机器时,屏幕闪烁的现象B.由于主存分配不当,偶然造成主存不够的现象C.系统盘有问题,致使系统不稳定的现象D.被调出的页面又立刻被调入所形成的频繁调入调出现象6.在分页存储管理系统中,从页号到物理块号的地址映射是通过( B )实现的。
A.段表 B.页表C. PCB D.JCB7.在下述文件系统目录结构中,能够用多条路径访问同一文件(或目录)的目录结构是( D )A.单级目录 B.二级目录C.纯树型目录 D.非循环图目录8.SPOOLing技术可以实现设备的( C )分配。
A.独占 B.共享C.虚拟 D.物理9.避免死锁的一个著名的算法是( C )。
A.先人先出算法 B.优先级算法C.银行家算法 D.资源按序分配法10.下列关于进程和线程的叙述中,正确的是( C )。
A.一个进程只可拥有一个线程B.一个线程只可拥有一个进程C.一个进程可拥有若干个线程D.一个线程可拥有若干个进程二、判断题(选择你认为正确的叙述划√,认为错误的划×并说明原因。
每题2分,共10分)1.简单地说,进程是程序的执行过程。
因而,进程和程序是一一对应的。
( )2.V操作是对信号量执行加1操作,意味着释放一个单位资源,加l后如果信号量的值小于等于零,则从等待队列中唤醒一个进程,使该进程变为阻塞状态,而现进程继续进行。
浙大操作系统原理离线作业答案
浙江大学远程教育学院《操作系统原理》课程作业答案1.进程P0和P1的共享变量定义及其初值为boolean flag[2];int turn=0;flag[0]=FALSE;flag[1]=FALSE;若进程P0和P1访问临界资源的类C代码实现如下:void P0() //P0进程{ while(TURE){flag[0]=TRUE; turn = 1;while (flag[1] && turn == 1) ;临界区;flag[0] = FALSE;}}void P1() //P1进程{ while(TURE){flag[1]=TRUE; turn = 0;while (flag[0] && turn == 0) ;临界区;flag[1] = FALSE;}}则并发执行进程P0和P1时产生的情况是:A.不能保证进程互斥进入临界区、会出现“饥饿”现象B.不能保证进程互斥进入临界区、不会出现“饥饿”现象C.能保证进程互斥进入临界区、会出现“饥饿”现象D.能保证进程互斥进入临界区、不会出现“饥饿”现象【答案】D2.有两个进程P1和P2描述如下:shared data:int counter = 6;P1 :Computing;counter=counter+1;P2 :Printing;counter=counter-2;两个进程并发执行,运行完成后,counter的值不可能为。
A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7【答案】C3.某计算机采用二级页表的分页存储管理方式,按字节编址,页大小为210字节,页表项大小为2字节,逻辑地址结构为:页目录号页号页内偏移量逻辑地址空间大小为216页,则表示整个逻辑地址空间的页目录表中包含表项的个数至少是A.64 B.128 C.256 D.512【答案】B4.在动态分区系统中,有如下空闲块:空闲块块大小(KB)块的基址1 80 602 75 1503 55 2504 90 350此时,某进程P请求50KB内存,系统从第1个空闲块开始查找,结果把第4个空闲块分配给了P进程,请问是用哪一种分区分配算法实现这一方案?A.首次适应B. 最佳适应C. 最差适应D. 下次适应【答案】C5.在一页式存储管理系统中,页表内容如下所示。
ComputerNetwork-推荐下载
浙江工业大学2005/2006学年第 二 学期期终试卷 卷课程 计算机网络原理 姓名 班级 学号题序一二三四五六七八九十总评计分Part I (40 marks )single choice [ 2 pts each]1. Which of the following devices is used only for network transport signal ampliation?A. Hub B. Router C. Repeater D. Switch2. What are the two widely used transmission technology:A. Broadcast and Point-to-Point B. Unicast and Multicast C. Broadcast and End-to-End D. End-to-End and Point-to-Point3. The topology of Ethernet is:A. Bus B. Ring C. Star D. Tree4. Which of the following standard is defined for Wireless LAN?A. IEEE 802.3B. IEEE 802.11C. IEEE 802.15 D. IEEE 802.165. Which of the following protocol is NOT in network application layer?A. FTP B. DNS C. Telnet D. ARP规范与中资料试卷方案。
6. What’s the proper definition of channel Bandwidth?A. Bandwidth means the maximum data transmission rate.B. Bandwidth identifies the maximum channel frequency.C. Bandwidth identifies the maximum transmission delay.D. Bandwidth indicates the range of available channel frequency.7.All modern modems allow traffic in both directions at the same time, which is called:A. SimplexB. Half duplexC. Full duplexD. Modulation8. Which of the modulation technology is NOT used?A. Amplitude ModulationB. Frequency ModulationC. Phase ModulationD. Attenuation Modulation9. Which of the following statements is wrong?A. 1000Base-SX cable can be used for Gigabit Ethernet.B. ADSL is the most popular technology for telephone channel broadband.C. GPRS is always named as the Third Generation Mobile Phones.D. Byte Stuffing and Bit Stuffing are two framing methods used in data link layer.10. According to Shannon’s rule, maximum number of bits/sec = H log2(1+S/N), a channel of 3000HZ bandwidth with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30dB can never transmit much more than __.A. 30000 bpsB. 40000 bps.C. 50000 bpsD. 60000 bps11.Due to the information theory, detecting d errors needs ___distance of the complete code.A. dB. d+1C. 2dD. 2d+112. High-Level Data Link Control (HLDC) is a classical bit-oriented protocol, namely bit stuffing framed protocol. So, what is the start and end flag HLDC uses in framing?A. 00000000B. 11111111C. 01111110D. 1000000113. Which of the following protocols is a Collision-Free protocol?A. Binary CountdownB. ALOHAC. CSMAD. CSMA/CD14. MAC address is also called network physical address, which always include three types of addressing scheme. What is the scheme as MAC address is initially allocated by NIC provider?A. Dynamic AddressingB. Static AddressingC. Configurable AddressingD. Hybrid Addressing15. Which of the following devices can be used for connecting between Wireless LAN and Ethernet?A. BridgeB. RepeaterC. HubD. Modem16. Virtual Circuit subnet is a ____service.A. Connectionless-orientedB. Connection-orientedC. Store-and-forwardD. Packet switching17. Which routing protocol is implemented based on Dijkstra’s Algorithm.A. Shortest Path RoutingB. Routing Information ProtocolC. Distance Vector ProtocolD. Multicast Routing18. We know that 192.10.10.8 is a C class IP address, what the network address is.A. 192.10.10.0B. 192.10.0.0C. 192.0.0.0D. 255.255.255.019. The useful network command “Ping” is designed based on ___protocol.A. NATB. ICMPC. ARPD. RARP20.Which protocol is utilized for inverting network physical address into IP address?A. ICMPB. ARPC. NATD. DHCPPART II.(20 marks) Term Explanation2.1 Path MTU2.2 Sliding Windows2.3 CSMA/CD2.4 MultiplexingPart III(40 marks)3.1 An 8-bit byte with binary value 10101111 is to be encoded using an odd-parity Hamming code. What is the binary value after encoding? (8 marks)3.2(10 marks)Please finish the following route table of router C after it receives its neighbor’s routing tables, according to the Distance-Vector algorithm. The network topology illustrated below.FEADToB DEUpdated Delay Next HopA 12715B 0148C 251221D 40011E 23200F 17105The left three columns show the delay vectors received from the neighbors of router C. B claims to have a 12-msec delay to A, a 25-msec delay to C, a 40-msec delay to D, etc. Suppose that C has measured or estimated its delay to its neighbors, B, D, and E as 8, 10, and 6 msec, respectively. Now, compute the new delay from C to each node, fill the new route table on the right two columns. Finally, explain the main thinking of Distance-Vector algorithm.3.3 Please present the reasons why TCP protocol is so called Reliable Protocol. (10 marks)3.4 (12 marks)The picture above describes the format of an IPv4 datagram. The diagram below Illustrates Router R1 sending a datagram to host H through Router R2.电源,线缆敷设完毕,要进行检查和检测处理试卷试验报告与相关技术资料,并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况,然后根据规范与规程规定,制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
浙江大学自动控制原理2006真题
共页,第 1 页浙江大学二〇〇五年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目编号注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。
1. (10分) 电冰箱制冷系统原理见图1。
继电器的输出电压u R 为压缩机上的工作电压。
绘制控制系统框图,简述工作原理。
若出现压缩机频繁起动,请提出相应的改进措施。
2.(10分)系统框图见图2-1,要求将系统等效变换成图2-2,图2-3框图结构,并求H(s),G(s)表达式。
图2-1 图2-2 图2-33.(10分)系统结构如图3-1,图3-2是某单位阶跃响应。
试求k1 、k2和a 值。
[提示:0<ζ<1时, 标准二阶系统的单位响应)1sin(111)(220φ+ϖζ-ζ--=ζϖ-tety]编号第 2 页图3-1 图3-24.(10分) 设单位反馈系统的开环传递函数为)177()(20++=s s s Ks G试确定:① 系统产生等幅振荡的K 值及相应的振荡角频率。
② 全部闭环极点位于s =-2 垂直线左侧时的K 取值范围。
5.(10分) 控制系统的开环传递函数为)2()(a s s as s G -+=a ≥0, 绘制以a 为参变量的根轨迹,并利用根轨迹分析a 取何值时系统稳定. 6.(10分)单位负反馈系统的根轨迹如图6所示,要求:①写出该系统的闭环传递函数。
②增加一个开环零点 -4 后,绘制根轨迹草图,并简要分析开环零点(-4) 引入对系统性能的影响。
编 号 第 3 页图67.(10分)最小相位系统G0(S)的对数渐近幅频特性如图7实线所示。
采用串联校正后,系统的开环对数渐近幅频特性如图7虚线所示,要求:①写出G0(S)的传递函数;②写出串联校正环节G C(S)的传递函数。
8.(10分)某系统的耐奎斯特曲线如图8所示,开环传递函数在S右半平面有一个极点判断闭环系统的稳定性。
9.(15分)简单计算题,直接计算出结果即可。
(每小题5分)①请求出)3.1)(18.0()1()(2222+++-++=zzzzzzzzX的初值与终值。
2022年浙江大学计算机科学与技术专业《操作系统》科目期末试卷B(有答案)
2022年浙江大学计算机科学与技术专业《操作系统》科目期末试卷B(有答案)一、选择题1、下面关于文件系统的说法正确的是()。
A.文件系统负责文件存储空间的管理,但不能实现文件名到物理地址的转换B.在多级目录结构中,对文件的访问是通过路径名和用户目录名进行的C.文件可以被划分成大小相等的若干物理块,且物理块大小也可以任意指定D.逻辑记录是对文件进行存取操作的基本单位2、下列算法中,用于磁盘调度的是(),A.时间片轮转法B.LRU算法C.最短寻道时间优先算法D.高优先级算法3、进程P1和P2均包含并发执行的线程,部分伪代码描述如下所//进程P1 //进程P2int x=0; int x=0;Thread1() Thread3(){int a; {int a:a=1; a=x;x+=1; x+=3;Thread2() Thread4(){ {int a: int b, aa=2; b=x;x+=2; x1=4;} }下列选项中,需要互斥执行的操作是()。
A. a=l与a=2B. a=x与b=xC. x+=1与x+=2D. x+=1与x+=34、下面所列进程的3种基本状态之间的转换不正确的是()A.就绪状态→执行状态B.执行状态→就绪状态C.执行状态→阻塞状态D.就绪状态→阻塞状态5、下列关于银行家算法的叙述中,正确的是()A.银行家算法可以预防死锁B.当系统处于安全状态时,系统中…定无死锁进程C.当系统处于不安全状态时,系统中一定会出现死锁进程D.银行家算法破坏了产生死锁的必要条件中的“请求和保持”条件6、下面关于虚拟存储器的论述中,正确的是()。
A.在段页式系统中以段为单位管理用户的逻辑地址空间,以页为单位管理内存的物理地址空间,有了虚拟存储器才允许用户使用比内存更大的地址空间B.为了提高请求分页系统中内存的利用率,允许用户使用不同大小的页面C.为了能让更多的作业同时运行,通常只装入10%~30%的作业即启动运行D.最佳置换算法是实现虚拟存储器的常用算法7、下列说法正确的有()。
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12. Which of the following item should not be in the PCB (Process Control Block)? A.) process state B.) CPU-scheduling information C.) memory-management information D.) complete text section 13. A process will change its state from running to ready state when __________. A.) it has been selected for execution by scheduler B.) its time slice is finished C.) it waits for some event D.) the event it has been waiting for has occurred 14. Which of A.) from B.) from C.) from the following process state transition can not happen? ready state to running state running state to ready state running state to waiting state
浙江大学 –2006 学年秋季学期
《操作系统原理》课程期末考试试卷
开课学院:计算机学院、软件学院, 考试时间:_____年____月____日, 考生姓名: 答案: 题号 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 答 案 得分 ___学号: 考试形式:有限开卷,只允许带 3 张 A4 纸入场 所需时间:120 分钟 专业: 教师姓名:_________ 得分:
threads of a single process can not share __________. code files stacks priority
20. Which of the following is incorrect? A.) The system call fork may just duplicate the thread that invoked it. B.) The system call fork may duplicate all the threads of a process. C.) The system call exec may just replace the thread that invoked it. D.) The system call exec may replace the entire process. 21. For many-to-one model, if one thread within a single process is blocking, then _________. A.) The rest threads of this process can still keep running. B.) The whole process will be blocked. C.) The blocking thread will be cancelled. D.) The blocking thread will be always blocked.
For every following question, please select your best answer only!!!
OS_Theory_1
1. An operating system is a program that manages the __________. A.) computer hardware B.) computer software C.) computer resources D.) application programs 2. An operating system is designed for ease of use and/or __________. A.) speed B.) compatibility C.) resource utilization D.) flexibility 3. Which OS is the oldest? A.) UNIX B.) MULTICS C.) Windows 3.x D.) Windows XP 4. The evolution of operating systems for mainframes is roughly like from __________. A.) no software multi-programming multi-tasking B.) no software multi-tasking multi-programming C.) no software resident monitors multi-tasking multi-programming D.) no software resident monitors multi-programming multi-tasking 5. Users can create and destroy process by ________________. A.) function invocation B.) macro instruction C.) system calls D.) procedure invocation 6. __________ is to keep multiple jobs in memory simultaneously in order to keep the CPU busy. A.) batch processing B.) real-time processing C.) multiprogramming D.) parallel execution 7. What is the purpose of system calls? A.) System calls allow us to write assembly language programs. B.) System calls are the standard interface between a user process and a kernel process. C.) System calls allow user-level processes to request services of the operating
OS_Theory_3
D.) from waiting state to running state 15. A waiting process will change to _________ if the waited event occurs. A.) running state B.) waiting state C.) waiting state and inside memory D.) ready state 16. An operating system manages processes by _________. A.) file control block B.) process control block C.) process priority D.) process text section 17. A message-passing system for an OS is _________. A.) A kind of direct communication B.) A kind of low-level communication C.) A kind of inter-process communication D.) A kind of symmetrical communication 18. We will A.) The B.) The C.) The D.) The 19. The A.) B.) C.) D.) have a sender sender sender sender rendezvous between the sender and the receiver if __________. is non-blocking and the receiver is non-blocking. is non-blocking and the receiver is blocking. is blocking and the receiver is non-blocking. is blocking and the receiver is blocking.
OS_Theory_2
system. D.) There is no real purpose to system calls. 8. Which of the following statement is incorrect? A.) Monolithic OS is usually difficult to modify. B.) Micro-kernels allow some system services to be implemented just as user programs. C.) Layered OS is more efficient that monolithic OS. D.) Virtual machines improve OS development and testing process. 9. Which of the following activity needs no special hardware support? A.) Process scheduling B.) timer management C.) memory mapping D.) interrupt system 10. Which of the following statement about processes is incorrect? A.) A process is dynamic. B.) A process has a lifetime. C.) A process is a set of instructions. D.) Multiple processes may execute concurrently. 11. One A.) B.) C.) D.) difference between a process and a program is __________. A process has states while a program has no states. A process has no states while a program has states. A process has resources while a program has no resources. A process has no resources while a program has resources.