营养学英文版南京师范大学NutritionalE精
《营养学》第一章 绪论
胃是消化管最膨 大的部分，上连食管 下续十二指肠。
胃 Stomach
二、形态和分部： 胃可分为出入2口， 大小2弯和前后2壁， 并可分为4部。
一、位置 胃大部分位于左季
贲门切迹 胃底 fundus of stomach
肋区，小部分位于
腹上区。
幽门部 pyloric part
幽门管 pyloric canal
(一）舌的形态：舌分舌体、舌根。两者以界沟
为界。舌体的前端为舌尖。 （二）舌粘膜
1.背面 （1）舌乳头
丝状乳头 filiform papillae 菌状乳头 fungiform papillae 叶状乳头 foliate papillae 轮廓乳头 vallate papillae
（2）舌扁桃体 lingual tonsil
来源: 由黏膜表面的上皮细胞、贲门腺和幽门腺细胞、泌 酸 区的黏液颈细胞分泌；HCO3-主要由非泌酸细胞 分泌，少量由组织间液渗入胃内。
成分: 黏液主要成分为糖蛋白，具有较高的黏滞性和形成 凝胶的特性。 作用： ①湿润：防止食物的机械损伤； ②形成胃黏液-HCO3-屏障，保护胃黏膜； ③降低胃酸酸度： HCO3- + H+ →H2CO3。
结合酸：分泌量：基础排酸量：空腹时，正常人0～
5mmol/h 最大排酸量：20～25mmol/h 最大排酸量主要取决于壁细胞的数量， 也与壁细胞的功能状态有关
胃酸的作用：
①激活胃蛋白酶原，提供胃蛋白酶适宜环境； ②使蛋白质变性，利于蛋白质的水解； ③促进胰液、胆汁和小肠液的分泌； ④有助于小肠对铁和钙的吸收； ⑤抑制和杀死细菌。
合理营养是指通过合理的膳食和科学的烹调加工， 向机体提供足够的能量和各种营养素，并保持各营养 素之间的平衡，以满足人体的正常生理需要、维持人 体健康的营养。
营养学-英文-16010
Effects on Food Nutrition
Processing Storage & Transport Cooking
With temperature and so on conditions
§1 Nutritional evaluation in foods
1 Food supplment: Ingredients Table Food composition in Table Nutr-ingredients in Table (kinds, amount) Accounting
Balanced Nutritional Diet Dietary Guildline
Various foodstuff Eating part of foods Antinutritional factors Complex Cooking Cooking time & methods Storage Condition Improving by Crossbred
Structure & ratio
Shell White
% 11
57
Yolk 32
Hen egg: 50g Duck egg: 80g Goose egg: 120g
Egg Consumptiom
§8 Oil consumption
Shanghai: 85g/d.p Beijing: 83g/d.p Jiangsu: 84g/d.p
Professor D
NUNJ
Introduction
Foods for Human beings Classification 1
营养学专业英语-食品专业、医学专业专业英语
营养学词汇总结Aacceptable daily intake (ADI)每人每日容许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂，活化剂actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附，吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcu甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia 早老性痴呆（阿耳茨海默痴呆）Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验，艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属，阿米巴原虫，变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物BBacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate，BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism 基础代谢base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz（a）anthracene （BA）苯并（a）蒽benzo（a）pyrene （B（a）P）苯并（a）芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC；1，2，3，4，5，6-hexachlorocyclohexane 六六六bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果（二）酚bioconcentration 生物富集，生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration 生物富集，生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀（罐头）biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价（生理价值）biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis（P-chlorophenyl）acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1，l'-bis（P-chlorophenyl）-2，2——dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1，l'-bis（P-chlorophenyl）-2，2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊1，1'-bis（P-chlorophenyl）-2，2，2trichloroethane pp′—滴滴涕Bitot`s spots（patches）结膜干燥，比托斑点bitter almond kernel 苦杏仁bittern 盐卤Biuron 敌草隆bleach 漂荡，预煮bleaching agent 漂白剂blindness 盲，视觉缺失blood clam 蚶body mass index，BMI 体重指数botulin（botulismotoxin）肉毒菌毒素botulism 肉毒中毒Bouin's solution 鲍音液Bovine Sponglform EncephalopathyBSE疯牛病bran 糠branched chain amino acid 支链氨基酸breakdown 分解breast milk 母乳broad bean 蚕豆bromethane 溴甲烷bromomethane；methyl bromide 溴甲烷brown rice 糙米Brucella 布氏杆菌属Brucelliasis 布氏杆菌病B.subtilis test 桔草杆菌试验B.thermophilie flat sour 嗜热性平酸苗butenolide 丁烯酸内酯butylated hydroxyanisole 丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxytoluene 二丁基羟基甲苯B.welchii（B.perfringens）韦氏杆菌（产气荚膜杆菌）Ccachexia 恶病质cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉cadmium carbonate 碳酸镉cadmium chlorate 氯酸镉cadmium hydroxide 氢氧化镉cadmium nitrate 硝酸镉cadmium sulfide 硫化镉caffeine 咖啡碱calciferol 钙化醇calcitonin，CT 降钙素calcium 钙caloric quotient 热能系数calorie 卡（路里）calorifacient 生热的，产热的calorimeter 测热计，热量计calorimetry 测热法Camplobacter fetus subsp.jejuni 胎儿弯曲菌空肠亚种Camplobacterjejuni 空肠弯曲菌Candida 假丝酵母，念珠菌属cannabidiol 大麻二酚cannabinol 大麻酚cannabis seed oil poisining 大麻子油中毒canned food 罐头食品capsanthin 辣椒红caramel 酱色，焦糖carbamate 氨基甲酸酯carbohydrate 碳水化物carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carcinogen 致癌物carcinogenicity test 致癌试验carithamine 红花黄色素carnitine 肉毒碱casein 酪蛋白cassava 木薯catabolism 分解代谢cation exchange resins 阳离子交换树脂cell transformation test 细胞转化试验cellulose 纤维素ceramics 陶瓷ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白cesium 铯chemical expansion 化学性膨胀（罐头）chemical engineering ，chemical industry，chemical technolog 化工chemical pollution 化学污染chemical prevention 化学防治Chlorella 小球藻属chlorinated hydrocarbon，organochlorine 氯化烃，有机氯chlorogenic acid 绿原酸cholesterol 胆固醇cholecal ciferol 维生素D3，胆钙化醇choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chromium 铬chromosome 染色体chromosome abberation 染色体畸变chromosome aberration assay test 染色体畸变分析试齄chronic mercury poisoning 慢性汞中毒chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验chylomicron 乳糜微粒cigarette 香烟Citreoviridin 黄绿青霉素citrinin 桔青霉素Cladosporium 枝孢属clam 蛤Clavus secalinus 麦角Claviceps purpurea Tulasne 麦角菌cleaner 洗涤剂cleaning 净化cleavage of phosphide ester linkage 磷酯键裂解cleft palate 腭裂Clitocybe 杯伞属Clostridium 芽胞杆菌属Clostridium botulinum 内毒杆菌Clostridium butylicum 丁酸杆菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌coagulant 凝固剂coagulase 凝固酶cobalt 钴cobalt chloride 氯化钻coffee 咖啡colchicine 秋水仙碱cold frozen 冷冻cold press 冷榨cold sterilization 冷灭菌cold storage 冷藏coliform group 大肠菌群colitap 大肠菌快速检验纸片coli test 大肠杆菌试验colliod 胶体colloid system 胶体系统colonization factor antigen，CFA 定居因子抗原complementary action 互补作用concentrated milk 浓缩奶concentration factor 浓集系数condensed milk 炼乳congenital mercury poisoning 先天性汞中毒conglycinin 伴大豆球蛋白conjunctival dryness 结膜干燥contaminants in food 食品污染物contaminants of biological origin 生物性污染物contaminants of chemical origin 化学性污染物contaminants of radioactive origin放射性污染物contamination 污染control organ of food hygiene食品卫生监督机构control system of food hygiene食品卫生监督制copper 铜corn cockle seed 麦仙翁籽corn soybean milk （CSM）玉米大豆乳coronary heart disease 冠心病cowmilk 牛乳Coxsackie virus 柯沙奇病毒crayfish 蝲蛄critical porion 敏感期cumulative coefficient 蓄积系数cumulative toxicity index 蓄积毒性系数cumulative toxicity test 蓄积毒性试验Curcuma longa 姜黄curcumin 姜黄素β-cyanoalanine β-氰丙氨酸cyanogenetic glycoside plant poisoning 含氰甙植物中毒cyanogenetic glycoside 含氰甙cyanomethemoglobin 氰化正铁血红蛋白cycasin 苏铁素cyclamate 环己氨基磺酸盐cyclic N-nitroso compoun环状N-亚硝基化台钧cyclochlorotine 环氯素cysteine 半胱氨酸cystine 胱氨酸cytochrome 细胞色素cytochrome oxidase 细胞色素氧化酶Ddaily dietary allowance 每日膳食供给量Datura stramonium L. 蔓陀萝day blindness 昼盲（症）daylily 黄花莱，金针莱21-day survival index 21天哺育成活率2，4-D；2，4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2，4-D； 2，4-二氯苯氧醋酸DDVP；dichlorvos；dichlorphos 敌敌畏dealkylation 脱烷基化作用deamination 脱氨基作用Debaryomyces 德巴利氏酵母属decimal reduction time （DRT） 90%递减时间diarrhea 腹泻difference between individuals 个体差异delayed neurotoxicity 迟发性神经毒作用delayed neurotoxicity test 迟发神经毒性试验delta-BHC δ-六六六Demeton，systox 内吸磷Density of energy 热能密度Density of nutrient 营养素密度dental plaque 斑牙deoxyadenosylcobalamin 腺苷钴胺酸Deoxynivalenol （DON）脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇descendant 子系体，后代Deuteromycetes （Imperfect fungi）半知茵纲（不完全菌纲）dhurrin 蜀黍氰甙diabetes mellitus，DM 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒diacetoxyscirpenol 二醋酸熏草镰刀菌烯醇dialycerides 甘油二脂Diazinon 二嗪农dibenz（a，h）anthracene，DBA 二苯并（a，h）蒽dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane；1，1，1-trichloro-2， 2-bis（P-chlorophenyl）ethan 滴滴涕（DDT）dientamoeba fragilis 脆双核阿米巴diet 膳食，饮食dietary 食谱，饮食的dietary history 饮食习惯dietary fiber 膳食纤维dietary guidelines 膳食指南dietary recall 膳食回顾dietary reference values，DRVs 膳食参考量difference between species 种间差异digestibility 消化率digestion 消化dihydrochalcone 二氢查耳酮dihydronivalenone 二氢雪腐烯酮dihydrosafrole 二氢黄樟素1，25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1，25-二羟维生素D37，12-dimethylbenz（a）anthracene；7，12-DMBA 7，12-二甲基苯并（a）蒽dioxin 二噁英direct calorimetry 直接测热法discrimination factor 差异系数diterpene 双萜dithion 畜虫磷diverticulosis 憩室病DNA repair synthesis test DNA修复合成试验domestic animal 家畜dominant lethal test 显性致死试验dopamine-β-hydroxylase 多巴胺-β-羟化酶dose-effect（dose-response） relationship 剂量效应（反应）关系drogs 废渣dried bean curd 豆腐干Drosophila melanogaster recessive lethal test 果蝇隐性致死试验Drosophila recessive lethal assay 果蝇隐性致死试验duodenum 十二指肠dwarfism 矮小，侏儒症dystrophic hyperkeratosis 营养不良性角化过度Eeating out 出外用膳eating patterns 饮食习惯Echinococcus granulosus 细粒棘球绦虫ECHO virus 埃柯病毒ecosystemic equipoise 生态平衡edema 水肿Edible microorganismus 食用微生物elastin 弹性蛋白elderly 老年人elementary school 小学Embadomonas intestinalis 肠内滴虫emulsion 乳胶，乳浊剂，乳剂emulsoid 乳胶体energy 热能energy coefficient 能量系数endemic arsenic poisoning 地方性砷中毒endemic cretinism 地方性克汀病endemic disease 地方病endemic fluorine poisoning 地方性氟中毒endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosperm 胚乳energy requirment 热能需要量Engel's index 恩格尔指数enrichment 强化（食品）enterogastrone 肠抑胃素enterogenous cyanosis 肠原性青紫enteroinvasive E.Coli 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌enteropathogenic E.Coli 肠致病性大肠杆菌enterotoxigenic E.Coli 肠产毒性大肠杆菌enterotoxin 肠毒素epinephrine 肾上腺素epiphysis 松果体，骨骺epithollium 上皮epoxide 环氧化物12，13-epoxytrichothecenes 12，13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物ergocalciferol 麦角骨化醇，维生素D2 ergometrine 麦角新碱ergometrinine 麦角异新碱ergot 麦角ergotamine 麦角胺ergotism 麦角中毒ergotoxine 麦角毒Erwinia 欧文菌属erythocytes 红细胞erythroskyrin 红天精Escherichia 埃希菌属Esherichia coli 大肠杆菌essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸esterification 酯化（作用）estimated safe and adequate intake 安全适当的建议摄入量estrogen 雌激素ethion 乙硫磷ethnic 人种的，人种学的Eumycetes 真菌纲evaporated milk 脱脂牛奶F Facioletta ilocana 伊族棘口吸虫fallout 沉降灰FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex（CA-C） FAO/WHO食品卫生法规联合委员会farina 面粉，淀粉Fasciola hepatica 肝片吸虫Fasciolopsis 姜片虫属Fasciols heterophyes 异形吸虫fast-food 快餐fat 脂肪Fat-soluble vitamins 脂溶性维生素fatty acid 脂酸fecundation index 受孕率Federal Radiation Council，FRC 美国联邦辐射委员会feeding test for 90 days 90天喂养试验feeding test for 7 days 7天喂养试验Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act 联邦食品药品化妆品法（美国）Fenthion 倍疏磷（百治屠）fermented tea 发酵茶Fermentive corn flour 酵（臭）米面Fermentive corn flour intoxication 酵（臭）米面食物中毒fern 蕨类（羊齿植物）ferritin 铁蛋白ferroxidase 铁氧化酶fertilizer （化学）肥料F-2 estrogenic mycotoxin F-2 雌性发情毒素Fetal Alcohol Syndrome，FAS 胎儿酒精症候群fetus 胎儿fiber 纤维fibrin 纤维蛋白fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原finless eel 蟮鱼fish 鱼，鱼类fishery 渔业fishing ground 渔场flatulence factor 胃肠胀气因子Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Flavobacterum farinofermentans 酵米面黄杆茴flavonoid 黄酮类化合物fluorene 芴fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟fluorosis 氟中毒flour tortillas 墨西哥薄饼fluid balance 体液平衡fluoride 氟化物fluorosis 氟中毒folacin 叶酸folic acid 叶酸food additive 食品添加剂Food and Argriculture Organization，FAO 联合国粮农组织Food and Drug Administration （FDA） of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局food chain 食物链food colour 食用色素food composition 食物成分food contamination 食品污染food fortifier 食品强化剂food grain other than wheat and rice 杂粮food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food origin disease 食源性疾病food poisoning 食物中毒Food toxicology 食品毒理学Food Safety Council of U.S. 美国食品安全性协会food spoilage 食品腐败变质food stamp 食品券food storage 食品贮存foot-and-mouth disease virus 口蹄疫病毒fortification 加强，强化fresh water crab 河蟹fresh water fish 淡水鱼fried bean curd 油豆腐fruitarian 果食者full blood count 全血计数fumigant 熏蒸剂fungi 真菌fungicide 杀菌剂fusarenon-X 镰刀菌烯酮-XFusarium 镰刀菌属Fusarium equiseti 木贼镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum 禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium lateritium 砖红镰刀菌Fusarlum moniliforme 串株镰刀菌Fusarium nivale 雪腐镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 尖孢镰刀菌Fusarlum poae 梨孢镰刀菌Fusarlum roseum 粉红镰刀菌Fusarlum scripi 藤草镰刀菌Fusarium semitectum 半裸镰刀菌Fusarinm solani 茄病镰刀菌Fusarium sporotrichioides 拟枝孢镰刀菌Fusarium spp. 镰刀菌Fusarium toxin 镰刀菌毒素Fusarfum tricinctum 三线镰刀菌Ggalactotransferase 半乳糖转移酶gamma-BHC γ-六六六gamma streptococcus 丙型链球菌grain embryo 谷胚（芽）garlic 大蒜gastroenteric irritant 胃肠刺激物gellyfish 诲蜇gelsemine 钩吻碱gene mutation 基因突变genetically modified food，GMF 转基因食品geo-chemical disease 地球化学性疾病germination 发芽Giardia lamblia 贾兰第鞭毛虫Gibberella zeae 玉米赤霉ginkgo biloba L. 银杏，白果ginkgolic acid 白果酸Glass can 玻璃罐头glossitis 舌炎glucagon 胰高血糖素glucogenesis 葡萄糖生成glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸glucose 葡萄糖glucosinolate 芥子甙glutamic acid 谷氨酸glucuronide 葡糖苷酸glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycemic index 血糖生成指数glycolysis 糖酵解Gnathostoma spinigerum 棘聘口线虫glutathione peroxdase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutinous rice 糯米goitrogen 致甲状腺肿因子Good Manufacture Practice （IMP）良好生产工艺gossypol 棉酚grain， cereal 谷类grain husk 谷皮grain moth 谷蠹grain peat 大谷盗grain processing 粮食加工green food 绿色食品grind 碾磨grind into thick liquid 磨浆guaiac 愈创木脂gustin 味觉素Gymnopilus spectabi1is 桔黄裸伞gypsum 石膏Gyromitra esculenta 鹿花蕈Gyromitrin 鹿花蕈素Hafnia 哈夫尼亚菌属hallucinogen 幻觉原Halobacterium 嗜盐杆菌属Halococcus 嗜盐球菌属Hansenula 汉逊酵母属harelip（cleft lip）唇裂heat-labile toxin，LT 不耐热肠毒素heat-stable toxin，ST 耐热肠毒素heavy metal 重金属Heliotroplum lascocarpum 毛果洋茉莉helminth蠕虫hemagglutinin 血细胞凝集素heme 血红素hemicellulose 半纤维素hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemolytic toxin 溶血毒素hemosiderin 血铁黄素herbicide 除草剂heroin 海洛因，吗啡high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白high density lipoprotein cholesterin，HDL-C 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇histamine 组胺histidine 组氨酸HT-2 toxin HT-2毒素hydrazine 肼，联氨hydrogenation 氢化作用hydrogen cyanide 氢氰酸hydrolysis 水解作用hydrometer （液体）比重计hydrometry 液体比重测定法hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxycholecalciferol 羟基胆固醇化钙，25-羟维生素D3hydroxocobalamine 羟钴胺素hydroxyergocalciferol 羟基麦角钙化醇，25-羟维生素D2Hymonolepis diminuta 长膜壳绦虫hyperactivity 功能亢进的hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症hyperlipaemia 高脂蛋白血症hypertension 高血压hypervitaminosis 维生素过多症hypocalcemia 低钙血症Ibotenic acid 鹅膏鼙氨酸Idiopathic hypogeusia 自发性味觉减退Illicium anisatum L. 山大茴，毒茴香，假茴香，次大料Implantation period 着床期incidence of parturition 妊娠率income elasticity 收入弹性index of nutritional quality （INQ）营养质量指数indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indigo carmine 靛蓝胭脂红indirect calorimetry 间接测热法indole 吲哚（靛基质）Inocybe 丝盖伞属inodized salt 碘盐insecticide 杀虫剂inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员insulin 胰岛素International Commission on Radiological Protection； ICRP 国际放射防护委员会iodine 碘iodin deficiency disorders 碘缺乏病ionization theory 离子化学说iron 铁islanditoxin 岛青霉毒素isoleucine 异亮氨酸isosafrole 异黄樟素lsothiocyanates 异硫氰酸酯Isospora hominis 人等胞子球虫Isoxazole derivative 异噁唑衍生物joule 焦耳junior food 幼儿食品Kahagawa phenomenon 神奈川现象kelp 海带kerantin 角蛋白ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketosis 酮病kilocalorie 千卡Kilojoule 干焦Klebsiella 克雷伯菌属Konwey's dish 康威皿kwashiorkor 恶性营养不良KLabeling of INQ INQ标志（营养质量指数标志）lac insect 紫胶虫lactation 泌乳，哺乳Lactarius 乳菇属Lactobacilius 乳杆菌属L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester 天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯lathyrism 山黧豆中毒lead 铅lead linear 铅线lead load 铅负荷leaf protein 叶蛋白lean body mass 瘦体质lean meat 瘦肉lecithin 卵磷脂leptin 瘦素leucine 亮氨酸L-α，γ-diamlnobutyric acid L-α，γ-二氨基丁酸life-span toxicity test 终生毒性试验lignin 木质素limiting amino acid 限制氨基酸linamarin 亚麻苦甙，棉豆甙lindane 林丹linolenic acid 亚麻酸linolie acid 亚油酸linuron，N′-（3，4-dichlorophenyl）N-methoxy-N-methylurea 利谷隆lipase 脂肪酶lipid 脂类lipoids 类脂质lipoprotein 脂蛋白lithium 锂live birth index 出生成活率liverfluke 肝吸虫Lolium temulentum L. 毒麦long term toxicity test 长期毒性试验low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein cholesterin，LDL-C 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇lungfluke 肺吸虫Lycopene 番茄红素lysine 赖氨酸lysyloxidase 赖氨酰氧化酶Mmacrocytic anemia，macrocyte 巨红细胞macroelement 宏量元素Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病magnesium 镁maize 玉米malathion，Karbofos 马拉硫磷malnutrition 营养不良mammitis，mastitis 乳房炎management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理management of food poisoning 食物中毒管理manganese 锰manibot utilissima 木薯marasmus 消瘦，消耗marine fish 海鱼matrix 基质maximum no-effect level （MNL）最大无作用量maximum probable number of coliform group 大肠菌群最近似数maximum no-effect dose 最大无作用剂量maximum residue limit 最高容许残留量maximum residue limit 最大残留限量meat factor 肉类因子medium lethal dose （LD50）半数致死量megajoule 兆焦megaloblastic anemia，megalobast 巨幼红细胞melanin 黑色素mercury 汞metabolic antagonist 代谢拮抗物metabolic half-life （Ti）代谢半衰期metabolism 代谢metabolism test of xenobiotics 外来化合物代谢试验Metagonimus Yokogawai 横川后殖吸虫Metallic toxicant 金属毒物metallothionein，MT 金属硫蛋白methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白血症methemoglobin reductase 高铁血红蛋白还原酶methionine 蛋氨酸methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate （MBC）多菌灵methylene blue 亚甲蓝，美蓝3-methyleholanthrene（3-MCA） 3-甲基胆蒽4-methylimidazole 4-甲基咪唑Micrococcus 微球菌属Micrococcus roseum 玫瑰微球菌microelement 微量元素micronucleus test 微核试验microsome mediated assay 微粒体间介试验millet 小米milk curd 凝乳milker 挤奶器milk sugar，lactose 乳糖mineral 无机盐minimal effect level 最小有作用剂量minimium observed adverse effect level （LOAEL）最小可见损害作用水平miscible calcium pool混溶钙池mite 螨类mitochondrion 线粒体mixed polysaccharide 杂多糖moisture absorption 吸湿性molasses 糖蜜mollusc 软体动物molybdenum 铝monascorubin 红粬红素Monascus purpureus 紫红粬霉moniliformin 串珠镰刀菌素Monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶monoglyceride 单酸甘油脂monosacchavide 单糖monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸钠，味精monomethylhydrazine 甲基联氨monounsaturated 单不饱和的monuron，N′-（P-chlorophenyl）-N，N-dimethylurea 灭草隆moral rule 道德规范mottling of teeth 斑牙症mouse 鼠类mouse unit，MU 小鼠单位Mucor 毛霉属mung bean 绿豆muscarine 毒蝇碱muscimol 毒蝇母mutagenicity test 致突变试验myoglobin 肌红蛋白myosin 肌球蛋白myristic acid 豆蔻酸NNADH-dehydrogenase 还原型辅酶I脱氢酶β-N-（γ-L-glutamyl）-aminopropionitrile β-N- （γ-L-谷氨酰基）氨基丙腈naringin dihydrochalcone 柚苷二氢查耳酮natural radioactive background 天然放射性本底natural radionuclide 天然放射性核索negative nitrogen balance 负氮平衡neohesperidin dihydrochalcone 新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮neo-solaniol 新茄病镰刀菌烯醇net protein utilization 蛋白质净利用率neurotoxicant 神经毒neurotoxic esterase 神经毒素酶neutral fat 中性脂肪new resources of food 食物新资源niacin 烟酸，尼克酸，维生素PPnicotinic acid 尼克酸nickel 镍night blindness 夜昼（症）nisin 乳酸链球苗肽nitrile 腈nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitrite poisoning 亚硝酸盐中毒nitrogen soluble index （NSI）氮溶解指数nitrophen，2，4-dichloro-1-（4′-nitrophenoxy）benzene 除草醚nivalenol 雪腐镰刀菌烯醇，瓜萎镰菌醇nivalenol diacetate 二醋酸雪腐镰刀菌烯醇N-nitramine N-硝胺N-nitrosamide N-亚硝酰胺N-nitrosamidine N-亚硝基脒N-nitrosamine N-亚硝胺N-nitroso carbaryl N—亚硝西维因N-nitroso-compound N-亚硝基化合物N-nitrosodiethanolamine 二乙醇-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosodiethylamine 二乙基-N-亚硝胺N-nltrosodimethylamine 二甲基-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosomorpholine N-亚硝基吗啉N-nitrosopiperazidine（N-nitrosopiperazine） N-亚硝基哌嗪N-nitrosopiperidine N-亚磺基哌啶N-niterosopyrrolidine N-亚硝基吡咯烷N-nitroso sugar amino acids N-亚硝基糖氨基酸N-nitrosourea N-亚硝基脲non-essential amino acid 非必需氨基酸non-fermented tea 未发酵茶no-observed-adverse-effect level（NOAEL）无明显损害作用水平no-observed-effect level（NOEL）无明显作用水平norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素nordihydroguaiaretic acid 去甲二氢愈创木酸γ-N-oxalyl-L-α，β-diaminobutyric acid γ-N-草酰-L-α，β-二氨基丁酸β-N-oxalyl-L-α，β-diaminopropionic acidβ-N-草酰-L-α，β-二氨基丙酸nucleotide 核苷酸nutrient 营养素nutritional ecology 营养生态学nutritional hygiene 营养卫生学nutritional iron deficiency anemia，IDA 营养缺铁性贫血nutritional marasmus 营养消瘦症nutritional requirement 营养素生理需要量nutritional surveillance 营养监测Oobesity 肥胖，肥胖症ochratoxin 赭曲霉毒素oils 油类oilseed cake 油籽饼oil-seed meal 油籽饼粉one-carbon unit 一碳单位onion 洋葱，葱头Opisthorchis felineus 猫后皋吸虫Opisthorchis（clonorchis） sinensis 华支睾吸虫opium 鸦片opsin 视蛋白Oranoleptic indicator 感官指标organelle 细胞器organoarsenic 有机砷organomercury 有机汞organophosphorus 有机磷osmotic pressure 渗透压ossification 骨化（作用）osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteomalacia 骨软化（症）osteoporosis 骨质疏松症o-sulfobenzoic acid 邻磺基苯甲酸overweight 超重oxalate 草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidation 氧化oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oyster 牡蛎Ppalmitic acid 软脂酸Panaeolus 花褶伞属pantothenic acid，pantothen 泛酸Paragonismus westermani 卫氏并殖吸虫Paramecium caudatum 尾草履虫Parathion，Thiophos，1605 对硫磷parathyroid hormone，parathyrin 甲状旁腺素pasterpowderlayer（a1eurone layer）糊粉层pasteurization 巴氏消毒法patulin 展青霉素pectin transeliminase 果胶反排除酶pellagra 糙皮症，玉米红斑病Penicillium 青霉菌属Penicillium citreo-viride 黄绿青霉Penicillium citrinum 桔青霉Penicillium claviforme 棒形青霉Penicillium cyclopium 圆孤青霉Penicillium decumbens 斜卧青霉Penicilllum expansum 扩展青霉Penicillium fellutanum 瘿青霉Penicillium implicatum 纠缠青霉Penicillium islandicum 岛青霉Penicillium lividum 铅色青霉Penicillium ochrosalmoneum 棕鲜色肯霉，棕蛙色青霉Penicillium patulum 展青霉Penicillium pullviLlorum 垫状青霉Penicillium rubrum 红色青霉Penicillium viridicatum 纯绿色肯霉peptide 肽，肽段peracetic acid 过氧乙酸peristalsis 蠕动pesticide 农药pest to store （store pests）仓库虫害peripheral nutrition，PPN 外周静脉营养phallotoxins 毒伞七肽类Phaseolus vulgaris L .四季豆，莱豆角，芸豆角phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸phenylketonuria，PKU 苯丙酮尿症phospholipid 磷脂phorate，E13911 甲拌磷，（3911）phosphatide 磷脂phospholipid 磷脂phosphorus 磷phosvitin 卵黄高磷蛋白Photobacterium phosphorescens 磷光发光菌Phycomycetes 藻菌纲physical expansion 物理性膨胀（罐头）physiological hyaluronidase inhibitor 生理透明质酸抑制剂physiological nutrition requirment 营养生理需要量phytate 植酸盐phytic acid 植酸phytohemagglutinin （PHA）植物凝血素Pichia 毕赤酵母属pigeon chest 鸡胸Plankton 浮游生物plant 植物plant growth regulator 植物生长调节素plant sterol 植物固醇plastic can 塑料罐头platelet stickness 血小板粘结poliomyelitis virus 小儿麻痹症病毒polonium 钋polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAH）多环芳烃类polyoxyethylene ether 聚氧乙烯醚polysaccharide polymerase 多糖聚合酶polyunsaturated fatty acid 多不饱和脂肪酸ponceau 4R 胭脂红，丽春红4Rpoppy 罂粟porphyria 紫质症porphyrin 卟啉positive nitrogen balance 正氮平衡potassium 钾practical residue limit 实际残留限量prandial 膳食的precursor 前体物preservative 防腐剂press 压榨Propionibacterium 丙酸杆菌属propylgallate 没食子酸丙酯prostaglandin 前列腺素protease 蛋白酶protective effect 防护作用protein 蛋白质protein concentrate 浓缩蛋白protein efficiency ratio 蛋白质功效比值protein-energy malnutrition，PEM 蛋白质热能缺乏性营养不良protein isolate 分离蛋白protein sparing action 蛋白质节约作用Proteus变形杆菌属proteus food poisoning 变形杆菌食物中毒Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus morganli 莫根变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌protoplasmic toxin 原浆毒素Proteus rettgeri 雷特洛变形杆菌，雷极氏变形杆菌prunasin 洋李甙Pseudoanisatin 伪毒八角亭Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas syncyanca 产蓝假单胞菌Pseudomonas synxantha 产黄假单胞菌psilocin 脱磷酸光盖伞素Psilocybe 光盖伞属psilocybin 光盖伞素puckery 味涩putrescine 腐胺pyridoxine 吡哆醇，维生素B6pyrimidine 嘧啶pyrrolidine alkaloids 吡咯烷生物碱类Rradioactive pollution 放射性污染（公害）radioactive contamination 放射性污染radionuclide 放射性核素radium 镭rational diet 合理膳食recommended daily dietary allowance（RDA）推荐每日膳食供给量recommended program of food safety evaluation 食品安全性评价程序建议red bean 赤豆reductase 还原酶reference men and women 参考人reproduction test 繁殖试验reproduction test by feeding 喂养繁殖试验requirement 需要量residue 残留resistin 抵抗素respiratory chain 呼吸链retinoic acid 视黄酸retinol 视黄醇retinol equivalent 视黄醇当量Rhizopus 根霉属rhodanase 硫氰酸酶Rhodophyllus 粉褶辈属Rhodotorula 红酵母属riboflavin 核黄素，维生素B2ribosome 核糖体rice 稻米rice weevil 米象ricin 蓖麻毒素，蓖麻毒蛋白ricinine 蓖麻碱ricinism 蓖麻中毒Ricinus communis L. 蓖麻rickets 佝偻病rodenticide 杀鼠药Rogor，dimethoate，Roxion 乐果Rosaceae 蔷薇科rubropunctatin 红斑素rye 黑麦Ssaccharin 糖精Saccharomyces 酵母属safe crop period 安全收割期，安全施药间隔期safety coefficient 安全系数safflower 红花safrole 黄樟素saliva 唾液salivery amylase 唾液淀粉酶Salmonella 沙门菌属Salmonella aberdeen 阿伯丁沙门菌Salmonella abortus equi 马流产沙门菌Salmonella abortus ovis 羊流产沙门菌Salmonella anatis 鸭沙门菌Salmonella bovis morbificans 病牛沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella derby 德尔卑沙门菌Salmonella dublin 都柏林沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌Salmonella heidelberg 海德堡沙门菌Salmonella infantis 婴儿沙门菌Salmonella kisangeni 桑盖尼沙门菌Salmonella london 伦敦沙门菌Salmonella meleagridis 火鸡沙门菌Salmonella newport 牛波特沙门菌，新港沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒汐门菌Salmonella paratyphi B 乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi C 丙型副伤寒沙门苗Salmonella potsdam 波茨坦沙门菌Salmonella senftenberg 山夫顿堡抄门菌Salmonella stanley 斯坦利沙门菌Salmonella taksony 塔克松尼沙门菌Salmonella thompson 汤卜逊沙门菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurtum 鼠伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium/mammals microsomal enzyme test 鼠伤寒沙门菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶试验salt 食盐sampling 采样saponin 皂素，皂甙sassafras 黄樟树satiety 饱腹感saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸scenedemine 栅列藻scopolamine 东莨菪碱，莨菪胺scurvy 坏血病sea crab 海蟹seed husk 种皮selenium 硒semi-fermented tea 半发酵茶Serratia 沙雷菌属serratia marcesens 粘质沙雷菌Sevin，Carbaryl 西维因sexual infantilism 性幼稚型shelflife 货架寿命shigella sonnei 宋内志贺菌shihimic acid 毒八角酸short term toxicity test 短期毒性试揸silicon 硅single cell protein （SCP）单细胞蛋白sister-chromatid exchange assay 姐妹染色单体互换试验sitoesterol 谷固醇skatole 甲基吲哚（粪臭素）small for gestational age infant （SGAI）足月小样儿soaking 浸泡social nutrition 社会营养sodium copper chlorophyll 叶绿素铜钠盐sodium hydrosulfite 连二亚硫酸钠sodium hyposulfite 硫代硫酸钠sodium nitrite 亚硝酸钠sodium pyrosulfite 焦亚硫酸钠sodium selenite 亚硒酸钠。
nutrition 国外营养学
Restaurant Tips from
* To keep your meal moderate in calories, fat, and sugars: o Ask for salad dressing to be served “on the side” so you can add only as much as you want. o Order foods that do not have creamy sauces or gravies o Add little or no butter to your food. o Choose fruits for dessert most often. * On long commutes or shopping trips, pack some fresh fruit, cut-up vegetables, low-fat string cheese sticks, or a handful of unsalted nuts to help you avoid stopping for sweet or fatty snacks.
Please Don’t Eat This
Please Don’t Eat This
Or this
And definitely not this
Fitness and Sports
• Fuel used during different exercises may be surprising. Many weightlifters drink protein shakes in efforts to build more muscle. Others are concerned about burning fat. • Here are some examples of rough estimates from Contemporary Nutrition on the percent of energy use met by fuel source
食品营养学双语版重点版
食品营养学食物可以定义为含有许多天然的化学成分以提供人类色、香、味和营养的可食物质，而食物中提供人体营养的有机和无机化学成分称为营养素。
从化学性质和生理功能可将营养素分为六大类，即蛋白质，脂肪，碳水化合物（糖和淀粉）、矿物质、维生素和水，这些物质因为是人体生存所必需而被称为必需营养素。
现在有人把膳食纤维看作第七大营养素，而抗氧化成分为半必需营养素。
这些营养素为机体提供能量、构建和维持机体组织、调节机体的各种生理过程。
第一章消化吸收NutritionNutrition might be defined as the process whereby we obtain the essential nutrients and use them to make many substances our bodies need. This process would include eating and digesting food and absorbing and using, or metabolizing,, the nutrients it contains.营养：谋求养身，即人类获得必需的营养素并利用他们来合成人体需要物质的过程，它包括人体摄入、消化、吸收、利用或代谢营养物质的过程，是人类通过摄取食物满足机体生理需要的生物学过程。
NutrientsNutrients are the chemical components of food which perform nutritive functions:Fats脂肪Proteins 蛋白质Carbohydrates碳水化合物Minerals矿物质Vitamins维生素Water 水Dietary fiber , Antioxidants膳食纤维和抗氧化成分Function of foods and nutrients:Provide energy for activities build and maintain body tissue(组织)Regulate body processes（调节生理过程）Good Nutrition1、What is good nutritionGood nutrition implies that we are obtaining from our food all of the essential nutrients in the amounts needed to keep our bodies functioning and to maintain optimum（最适宜的） health.A very simplified definition of good nutrition might be “eating the right foods in the right amounts, and can keep us to finish our work(physical and mental)efficiently.”好的营养是指人体从食物中获得保持人体正常生理功能和最佳健康状况所需数量的必需营养素。
英语课程中的营养学与食品科学词汇
英语课程中的营养学与食品科学词汇在学习英语课程时，了解与食品和营养相关的词汇是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些与营养学和食品科学相关的常用词汇，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握这些概念。
第一部分：营养学1. Nutrition（营养学）- the study of nutrients in food and how the body uses them for growth and health.2. Nutrients（营养素）- substances in food that the body needs to function properly, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.3. Carbohydrates（碳水化合物）- the body's main source of energy, found in foods like bread, rice, and pasta.4. Proteins（蛋白质）- essential for building and repairing tissues in the body, found in foods like meat, fish, and beans.5. Fats（脂肪）- provide energy and help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, found in foods like butter, oil, and nuts.6. Vitamins（维生素）- organic compounds that are necessary for normal growth, development, and maintenance of health, found in foods like fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.7. Minerals（矿物质）- inorganic substances that the body needs in small amounts for various functions, found in foods like salt, milk, and meat.8. Fiber（纤维素）- a type of carbohydrate that is not digested by the body but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive system, found in foods like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.第二部分：食品科学1. Food Science（食品科学）- the study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food and the ways in which food is processed.2. Food Safety（食品安全）- the practice of handling, preparing, and storing food in ways that prevent foodborne illnesses.3. Foodborne Illness（食物中毒）- an illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drink, often resulting in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.4. Food Additives（食品添加剂）- substances added to food to enhance flavor, texture, appearance, or shelf life, such as preservatives, flavor enhancers, and colorings.5. Food Processing（食品加工）- the transformation of raw ingredients into food products, often involving techniques like cutting, grinding, cooking, and preserving.6. Food Labeling（食品标签）- the information provided on food packaging that includes ingredients, nutritional content, and allergy warnings.7. Organic Food（有机食品）- food that is grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs).8. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)（转基因生物）- organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that is not naturally occurring, often used in agriculture to improve crop yield or resistance to pests.通过学习以上词汇，学生可以更好地了解与营养学和食品科学相关的概念。
南京师范大学食品营养学考研复习笔记(东南大学出版社).doc
南京师范大学食品营养学考研复习笔记（东南大学出版社）专业课复习资料（最新版）封面绪论一、营养学的基本概念1 1 （、营养学（ Nutrition））营养学定义：是研究营养过程、需要和来源以及营养与健康关系的科学。
即研究人体健康规其改善措施的科学。
是研究食品和人体健康关系的一门科学。
是研究营养过程、需要和来源以及营养与健康关系的科学。
即研究人体健康规其改善措施的科学。
是研究食品和人体健康关系的一门科学。
营养学研究目的:是根据机体在不同生理、病理情况下体内新陈代谢的需要，科学确定机体营养素的需要量，制定合理地利用营养素的组织原则，指导工农业生产的发展，从膳食营养上保证人体的需要。
是根据机体在不同生理、病理情况下体内新陈代谢的需要，科学确定机体营养素的需要量，制定合理地利用营养素的组织原则，指导工农业生产的发展，从膳食营养上保证人体的需要。
食品营养学主要研究内容食品营养学主要研究内容1 不同生理状况和特殊环境下人群食品的营养要求 2 各类食品的的营养价值3 营养与膳食问题4 食品加工对营养素的影响 56食品中的营养成分营养与疾病防治食品中的营养成分营养与疾病防治2．食品(Food)食品定义：根据我国1995年通过的《食品卫生法》的规定根据我国1995年通过的《食品卫生法》的规定：是食品是指各种供人食用或者饮用的成品和原料，以及按照传统既是食品又是药品的物品，但是不包括以治疗为目的的物品指各种供人食用或者饮用的成品和原料，以及按照传统既是食品又是药品的物品，但是不包括以治疗为目的的物品。
食品的作用： (1) 为机体提供一定的能量和营养素，满足人体营养需要。
(2) 满足人们感官要求，即满足不同嗜好和要求，如对食品色、香味等的需要。
3 3 3 3 ．营养（ Nutrition ）营养定义：原义为谋求养生；是指人体消化、吸收、利用食物或营养物质的过程，也是人类从外界获取食物满足自身生理需要的过程。
营养的核心：是是合理，就是吃什么吃多少怎么吃。
1 Comparative Digestive Physiology (mod) 大学动物营养学课件 英文版
Salivation
Quantity and composition of saliva varies considerably between species
Quantity related to level of chewing activity
Amount of secretion
Dogs
Masseter and medial pterogoid - maximum force for crushing and grinding
Lateral pterogoid - allows lateral movement which is important for grinding (highly important in herbivores, but carnivores and many omnivores have almost no lateral movement of jaws)
Includes involvement of:
Teeth Jaws and jaw musculature Alimentary canal
Stomach - May be simple or become sacculated to compartmentalize functions for prolonged storage of feed and utilization of bacterial fermentation (langures and ruminants)
Incisors for nipping, molars slightly angled, jaws move circularly (vertical and lateral)
Ruminants
医学营养专业英语课程
医学营养专业英语课程Nutritional Medicine is a rapidly evolving field that combines the science of nutrition with the practice of medicine to promote health, prevent disease, and support treatment plans for various health conditions. As the demand for healthcare professionals with expertise in medical nutrition grows, so does the importance of specialized courses that can equip students with the necessary knowledge and skills.Course Overview:The Medical Nutrition Professional English course is designed for healthcare students and professionals who wish to enhance their understanding of nutritional medicine and improve their English language proficiency in a medical context. This course covers a wide range of topics, from basic nutrition science to advanced clinical applications,all delivered in American English.Course Objectives:Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to:1. Understand and discuss key concepts in medical nutrition using professional English.2. Apply nutritional principles to the prevention and treatment of common diseases.3. Interpret and communicate nutritional data and research findings effectively.4. Develop nutritional care plans for patients with diverse health needs.Course Modules:1. Introduction to Medical Nutrition: This module provides an overview of the role of nutrition in health and disease, including the basics of macronutrient and micronutrient functions.2. Nutritional Assessment: Learn how to assess apatient's nutritional status through interviews, physical exams, and laboratory tests.3. Disease and Nutrition: Explore the relationship between nutrition and specific diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.4. Nutritional Interventions: Discover evidence-based nutritional interventions for various health conditions and how to communicate these to patients and colleagues.5. Nutritional Supplements and Pharmaceuticals: Understand the indications, contraindications, and proper communication of nutritional supplements and medications.6. Cultural and Ethical Considerations: Address the cultural diversity in dietary practices and the ethical implications of medical nutrition.7. Research and Clinical Trials: Develop the ability to critically evaluate research studies and understand the role of clinical trials in advancing nutritional medicine.8. Professional Communication Skills: Enhance communication skills, including the ability to write professional reports and deliver presentations on medical nutrition topics.Assessment and Evaluation:Students will be assessed through a combination of:- Class participation and discussions- Written assignments on medical nutrition topics- Case study analyses- A final presentation on a chosen aspect of medical nutritionPrerequisites:- A basic understanding of human biology and physiology- Intermediate level English proficiencyCourse Format:The course will be delivered through a blend of online lectures, live interactive sessions, and self-paced learning modules. Participants will have access to a virtual learning environment where they can access course materials, engage in discussions, and submit assignments.Enrollment Information:To enroll in the Medical Nutrition Professional English course, please visit our website or contact our admissions office for more details. Early bird discounts are available for those who register before the specified deadline.Conclusion:Investing in your professional development through the Medical Nutrition Professional English course will not only enhance your career prospects but also contribute to the advancement of patient care through the application of evidence-based nutritional practices.。
4 Rumen Fermentation 大学动物营养学课件 英文版
Mechanism of Rumination: Remastication, Reinsalivation, and Redeglutition
Bolus is rechewed
Chewing is slower and more deliberate than during initial eating phase
Digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose Provision of high quality protein Production of VFA Provision of B vitamins Detoxification of toxic compounds
feed source in stomach and small intestine Provide amino acids and some energy
Energy
Sources of energy leaving rumen:
VFA
70%
Microbial cells
10%
Digestible unfermented feed 20%
Rumination Time
Average times for a grazing animal
Eating – 8 hours Ruminating – 8 hours Resting – 8 hours
Ruminating time is quite variable (high variation)
Epinephrine – fight or flight response Inhibition of eructation will cause the animals to bloat Ruminal pressures will increase up to 100 mm Hg Stable froth or foam formed in rumen
饮食学及营养学英语作文
饮食学及营养学英语作文Title: The Wonderful World of Food and NutritionHave you ever wondered why some foods are considered healthy while others are not? This is where the study of diet and nutrition comes in. It's like being a detective of what we eat, and it helps us understand how different foods affect our bodies.Firstly, all foods give us energy, but not all foods give us the same type of energy. Just like how different colors of crayons make different colors on a drawing, different foods provide different nutrients that our bodies need. For instance, fruits and vegetables are like a box of crayons with many colors because they give us vitamins that keep our bodies strong.On the other hand, chips and candy might taste good, but they are like a crayon box with only one color. They give us a lot of energy, but not much else that our bodies really need. Eating too much of this kind of food can be like coloring a beautiful picture with only one color—it might be fun at first, but it won't look very good in the end.Foods that come from animals, like meat, chicken, and milk, are like powerful crayon colors. They give us proteinswhich are very important for building our muscles and keeping us strong, just like how powerful colors make a picture stand out.But eating is not only about what we eat but also about how much we eat. Just as we shouldn't use too much of one color in a drawing, we shouldn't eat too much of any one type of food. Even too much of a good thing can make us feel unwell. That's why having a balanced diet is important. A balanced diet is like a beautifully colored picture with all the colors used in just the right amount.Eating a variety of foods in the right amounts helps our bodies get all the different nutrients they need to work properly. It's like making sure every part of a beautiful picture is colorful and bright. This is why learning about diet and nutrition is so important—it helps us understand how to take care of our bodies by choosing the right 'colors' for our'body's picture'.Remember, just as an artist chooses their colors carefully to create a masterpiece, we should choose our foods carefully to make our bodies healthy and strong. And just like art, understanding nutrition can be fun and exciting!。
关于营养师的英语作文思路
Nutritionists: The Guardians of HealthyEatingIn the modern era, where fast-paced lifestyles and convenience often overshadow healthy eating habits, therole of nutritionists has become increasingly significant. They are the guardians of healthy eating, guiding individuals and communities towards a balanced and nutritious diet.Nutritionists are professionals who possess extensive knowledge in the field of nutrition and dietetics. They understand the intricate relationship between food, health, and disease prevention. By analyzing a person's dietary habits, lifestyle, and health goals, nutritionists are able to create personalized meal plans that cater to the unique needs of each individual.The importance of nutritionists cannot be overstated. In a world where obesity, diabetes, and heart disease are becoming increasingly prevalent, the need for expert advice on healthy eating is paramount. Nutritionists help people make informed choices about their food intake, educatingthem on the nutritional value of different foods and the impact they have on the body.Moreover, nutritionists are often consulted by athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and individuals with specific dietary restrictions or allergies. They provide guidance on how to fuel the body for optimal performance and recovery, while also ensuring that dietary needs are met without compromising health.The role of nutritionists is not just limited to individual consultation. They also play a crucial role in public health programs and community education.Nutritionists often collaborate with schools, hospitals,and community centers to promote healthy eating habits and nutrition education among the general population.The work of nutritionists is challenging yet rewarding. They must stay up-to-date with the latest research and nutritional guidelines to provide their clients with the most accurate and effective advice. Additionally, they must possess strong communication skills to effectively convey complex nutritional information to a diverse range of individuals.In conclusion, nutritionists are invaluableprofessionals who play a crucial role in promoting healthy eating habits and improving the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities. Their expertise and guidance are essential in navigating the complexities of nutrition and ensuring that our bodies are fueled with the nutrients they need to thrive.**营养师：健康饮食的守护者**在现代社会，快节奏的生活方式和便利性常常掩盖了健康饮食习惯的重要性，因此营养师的角色变得日益重要。
[课件]大学生营养与健康(英文版)PPT
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▶College students entered the uniபைடு நூலகம்ersity and left the protection of parents. Diet of their living condition is worse and worse. A large part of students have not the habit of eating breakfast.
▶Most college students diet does
not rule, eat three square meals a day and time often are not fixed， and most of all is not in the dining room for dinner . ▶Many of the college students do not take breakfast, but eat food taken late at night, the phenomenon of eating snacks is common.
★After 9 o 'clock don't eat in the evening, if you are hungry ，please drink a cup of honey water, because our intestines and stomach is no longer working at night, the intake of food will only become the burden of the body.
★ Breakfast must eat, want to have milk, eggs, or soy milk . ★Eat hearty lunch, to eat some vegetables, if no meat, Just eating soy products . ★Eat dinner early, light food is the best choice .
营养学-英文-16012
精品资料
6 Meals arranging for 1-3y-old infants
Dairy milk: 2-4 cups/d 3 meals + 2-3 snacks Fruids Special cooking Suitable dietary energy supplying with
Application: 0-6m-old & 6-12m-old for
Mixture feeding or artificial feeding
Weanling foods: as breast nuring
精品资料
5.3 Weanling foods p185-187
0-1y-old
Dairy milk continouring
4.5 Carbohydrate:
Cereal CH2O Allergy diarrhoea Amount to be increasing
4.6 Water 120-150ml/kg BW/d
Reasons: easy to de-water & help to excrete
精品资料
4.7 Minerals
Ca: 400-600mg/d.p Fe: 10mg/d.p in 4m Zn: 3-5mg/d.p Se: 15g/d.p I: 40-50 g/d.p NaCl > 6m-old
4.8 Vitamins: A, D, Bcom
精品资料
5 Feeding methods & principle
食品营养学复习(双语)
单词Nutritious diet 营养膳⻝Nutrients 营养素Nutrition 营养Adequacy 充分性Moderation 适度性Balance 平衡性Variety 多样化Calorie control 热量控制Dietary fiber 膳⻝纤维Energy 能量Overweight and obesity 超重和肥胖Protein 蛋⽩质Fat 脂肪Saturated fat 饱和脂肪Fatty acids 脂肪酸Carbohydrate 碳⽔化合物Vitamin 维⽣素Mineral 矿物质Sodium 钠Salt 盐Iron 铁Calcium 钙Nicotinic acid 烟酸（VB3）Folic acid 叶酸Ascorbic acid 抗坏⾎酸（VC ）Thiamin 硫铵（VB1）Physiological function ⽣理机能Digestive tract 消化道Mouth 嘴Esophagus ⻝道Stomach 胃Small intestine ⼩肠Micronutrients 微量营养素Macronutrients 宏量营养素Bone density ⻣密度Quantity safety 质量安全Quality safety ⻝品安全Biological ⽣物性的Chemical 化学的Factors 因素的Metabolism 新陈代谢第⼀章营养、营养素的概念Nutrition refers to the overall process in which people digests,absorbs and uses nutrition after food intake,to maintain growth,tissues renewal and health. Nutrients are substance in food with particular physiological effects that it can maintain body’s growth,development,activity,reproduction and normal metabolism.it includes protein,carbohydrate,vitamin,mineral,fat,etc. 营养膳⻝的五性Balance,adequacy,calorie control,variety,moderation营养与健康的关系1.疾病和营养状况不良可能是纯营养性或纯遗传性的，或两者兼⽽有之，某些疾病除了与⽇常饮⻝有关外，还与遗传以及⽣活⽅式有关。
营养与食品学英语
营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇acceptable daily intake (ADI)每日允许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品acid value 酸价Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂,活化剂activity coefficient,AC 活性系数actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附,吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁Adequate intake,AI 适宜摄入量alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia早老性痴呆(阿耳茨海默痴呆)Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验,艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属,阿米巴原虫,变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐scorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物BBacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate,BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism，BM 基础代谢basic energy exenditure,BEE 基础能量消耗base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz(a)anthracene (BA) 苯并(a)蒽benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 苯并(a)芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane六六六bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果(二)酚bioconcentration 生物富集,生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration生物富集,生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀(罐头) biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价(生理价值) biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis(P-chlorophenyl)acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2--dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊1,1'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2trichloroethane pp′—滴滴涕Bitot`s spots(patches) 结膜干燥,比托斑点bitter almond kernel 苦杏仁bittern 盐卤Biuron 敌草隆bleach 漂荡,预煮bleaching agent 漂白剂blindness 盲,视觉缺失blood clam 蚶body mass index,BMI 体重指数botulin(botulismotoxin) 肉毒菌毒素botulism 肉毒中毒Bouin's solution 鲍音液Bovine Sponglform Encephalopathy,BSE疯牛病bran 糠branched chain amino acid 支链氨基酸breakdown 分解breast milk 母乳broad bean 蚕豆bromethane 溴甲烷bromomethane；methyl bromide 溴甲烷brown rice 糙米Brucella 布氏杆菌属Brucelliasis 布氏杆菌病B.subtilis test 桔草杆菌试验B.thermophilie flat sour 嗜热性平酸苗butenolide 丁烯酸内酯butylated hydroxyanisole 丁基羟基茴香醚butylated hydroxytoluene 二丁基羟基甲苯B.welchii(B.perfringens)韦氏杆菌(产气荚膜杆菌)Cachexia 恶病质cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉cadmium carbonate 碳酸镉cadmium chlorate 氯酸镉cadmium hydroxide 氢氧化镉cadmium nitrate 硝酸镉cadmium sulfide 硫化镉caffeine 咖啡碱calciferol 钙化醇calcitonin,CT 降钙素calcium 钙caloric quotient 热能系数calorie 卡(路里)calorifacient 生热的,产热的calorimeter 测热计,热量计calorimetry 测热法Camplobacter fetus subsp.jejuni胎儿弯曲菌空肠亚种Camplobacterjejuni 空肠弯曲菌Candida 假丝酵母,念珠菌属cannabidiol 大麻二酚cannabinol 大麻酚cannabis seed oil poisining 大麻子油中毒canned food 罐头食品capsanthin 辣椒红caramel 酱色,焦糖carbamate 氨基甲酸酯carbohydrate 碳水化物carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carcinogen 致癌物carcinogenicity test 致癌试验carithamine 红花黄色素carnitine 肉毒碱casein 酪蛋白cassava 木薯catabolism 分解代谢cation exchange resins 阳离子交换树脂cell transformation test 细胞转化试验cellulose 纤维素ceramics 陶瓷ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白cesium 铯chemical expansion 化学性膨胀(罐头) chemical engineering ,chemical industry,chemical technolog 化工chemical pollution 化学污染chemical prevention 化学防治Chlorella 小球藻属chlorinated hydrocarbon,organochlorine氯化烃,有机氯chlorogenic acid 绿原酸cholesterol 胆固醇cholecal ciferol 维生素D3,胆钙化醇choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chromium 铬chromosome 染色体chromosome abberation 染色体畸变chromosome aberration assay test染色体畸变分析试齄chronic mercury poisoning 慢性汞中毒chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验chylomicron 乳糜微粒cigarette 香烟Citreoviridin 黄绿青霉素citrinin 桔青霉素Cladosporium 枝孢属clam 蛤Clavus secalinus 麦角Claviceps purpurea Tulasne 麦角菌cleaner 洗涤剂cleaning 净化cleavage of phosphide ester linkage磷酯键裂解cleft palate 腭裂Clitocybe 杯伞属Clostridium 芽胞杆菌属Clostridium botulinum 内毒杆菌Clostridium butylicum 丁酸杆菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌coagulant 凝固剂coagulase 凝固酶cobalt 钴cobalt chloride 氯化钻coffee 咖啡colchicine 秋水仙碱cold frozen 冷冻cold press 冷榨cold sterilization 冷灭菌cold storage 冷藏coliform group 大肠菌群colitap 大肠菌快速检验纸片coli test 大肠杆菌试验colliod 胶体colloid system 胶体系统colonization factor antigen,CFA定居因子抗原complementary action 互补作用concentrated milk 浓缩奶concentration factor 浓集系数condensed milk 炼乳congenital mercury poisoning先天性汞中毒conglycinin 伴大豆球蛋白conjunctival dryness 结膜干燥contaminants in food 食品污染物contaminants of biological origin生物性污染物contaminants of chemical origin化学性污染物contaminants of radioactive origin放射性污染物contamination 污染control organ of food hygiene食品卫生监督机构control system of food hygiene食品卫生监督制copper 铜corn cockle seed 麦仙翁籽corn soybean milk (CSM) 玉米大豆乳coronary heart disease 冠心病cowmilk 牛乳Coxsackie virus 柯沙奇病毒crayfish 蝲蛄critical control point,CCP 关键控制点critical porion 敏感期cumulative coefficient 蓄积系数cumulative toxicity index 蓄积毒性系数cumulative toxicity test 蓄积毒性试验Curcuma longa 姜黄curcumin 姜黄素β-cyanoalanine β-氰丙氨酸cyanogenetic glycoside plant poisoning氰甙植物中毒cyanogenetic glycoside 含氰甙cyanomethemoglobin 氰化正铁血红蛋白cycasin 苏铁素cyclamate 环己氨基磺酸盐cyclic N-nitroso compound环状N-亚硝基化台钧cyclochlorotine 环氯素cysteine 半胱氨酸cystine 胱氨酸cytochrome 细胞色素cytochrome P450s,CYP 细胞色素P450酶系cytochrome oxidase 细胞色素氧化酶Ddaily dietary allowance 每日膳食供给量Datura stramonium L. 蔓陀萝day blindness 昼盲(症)daylily 黄花莱,金针莱21-day survival index 21天哺育成活率2,4-D;2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D; 2,4-二氯苯氧醋酸DDVP；dichlorvos；dichlorphos 敌敌畏dealkylation 脱烷基化作用deamination 脱氨基作用Debaryomyces 德巴利氏酵母属decimal reduction time (DRT)90%递减时间diarrhea 腹泻difference between individuals 个体差异delayed neurotoxicity 迟发性神经毒作用delayed neurotoxicity test迟发神经毒性试验delta-BHC δ-六六六Demeton,systox 内吸磷Density of energy 热能密度Density of nutrient 营养素密度dental plaque 斑牙deoxyadenosylcobalamin 腺苷钴胺酸Deoxynivalenol (DON) 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇descendant 子系体,后代Deuteromycetes (Imperfect fungi)半知茵纲(不完全菌纲)dhurrin 蜀黍氰甙diabetes mellitus,DM 糖尿病diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒diacetoxyscirpenol 二醋酸熏草镰刀菌烯醇dialycerides 甘油二脂Diazinon 二嗪农dibenz(a,h)anthracene,DBA 二苯并(a,h)蒽dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane;1,1,1-trichloro -2, 2-bis(P-chlorophenyl)ethan滴滴涕(DDT)dientamoeba fragilis 脆双核阿米巴diet 膳食,饮食dietary 食谱,饮食的dietary history 饮食习惯dietary fiber 膳食纤维dietary guidelines 膳食指南dietary recall 膳食回顾dietary reference intakes,DRIs膳食营养素参考摄入量dietary reference values,DRVs 膳食参考量difference between species 种间差异digestibility 消化率digestion 消化dihydrochalcone 二氢查耳酮dihydronivalenone 二氢雪腐烯酮dihydrosafrole 二氢黄樟素1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1,25-二羟维生素D37,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene；7,12-DMBA 7,12-二甲基苯并(a)蒽dioxin 二噁英direct calorimetry 直接测热法discrimination factor 差异系数diterpene 双萜dithion 畜虫磷diverticulosis 憩室病DNA repair synthesis test DNA修复合成试验domestic animal 家畜dominant lethal test 显性致死试验dopamine-β-hydroxylase 多巴胺-β-羟化酶dose-effect(dose-response) relationship 剂量效应(反应)关系drogs 废渣dried bean curd 豆腐干Drosophila melanogaster recessive lethal test 果蝇隐性致死试验Drosophila recessive lethal assay 果蝇隐性致死试验duodenum 十二指肠dwarfism 矮小,侏儒症dystrophic hyperkeratosis 营养不良性角化过度Eeating out 出外用膳eating patterns 饮食习惯Echinococcus granulosus 细粒棘球绦虫ECHO virus 埃柯病毒ecosystemic equipoise 生态平衡edema 水肿Edible microorganismus 食用微生物elastin 弹性蛋白elderly 老年人elementary school 小学Embadomonas intestinalis 肠内滴虫emulsion 乳胶,乳浊剂,乳剂emulsoid 乳胶体energy 热能energy coefficient 能量系数endemic arsenic poisoning 地方性砷中毒endemic cretinism 地方性克汀病endemic disease 地方病endemic fluorine poisoning 地方性氟中毒endopeptidase 肽链内切酶endosperm 胚乳energy requirment 热能需要量Engel's index 恩格尔指数enrichment 强化(食品)enterogastrone 肠抑胃素enterogenous cyanosis 肠原性青紫enteroinvasive E.Coli 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌enteropathogenic E.Coli 肠致病性大肠杆菌enterotoxigenic E.Coli 肠产毒性大肠杆菌enterotoxin 肠毒素epinephrine 肾上腺素epiphysis 松果体,骨骺epithollium 上皮epoxide 环氧化物12,13-epoxytrichothecenes 12,13-环氧单端孢霉烯族化合物ergocalciferol 麦角骨化醇,维生素D2 ergometrine 麦角新碱ergometrinine 麦角异新碱ergot 麦角ergotamine 麦角胺ergotism 麦角中毒ergotoxine 麦角毒Erwinia 欧文菌属erythocytes 红细胞erythroskyrin 红天精Escherichia 埃希菌属Esherichia coli 大肠杆菌essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸esterification 酯化(作用)estimated safe and adequate intake安全适当的建议摄入量estrogen 雌激素ethion 乙硫磷ethnic 人种的,人种学的Eumycetes 真菌纲evaporated milk 脱脂牛奶FFacioletta ilocana 伊族棘口吸虫fallout 沉降灰FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex(CA-C) FAO/WHO食品卫生法规联合委员会farina 面粉,淀粉Fasciola hepatica 肝片吸虫Fasciolopsis 姜片虫属Fasciols heterophyes 异形吸虫fast-food 快餐fat 脂肪Fat-soluble vitamins 脂溶性维生素fatty acid 脂酸fecundation index 受孕率Federal Radiation Council,FRC 美国联邦辐射委员会feeding test for 90 days 90天喂养试验feeding test for 7 days 7天喂养试验Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act联邦食品药品化妆品法(美国)Fenthion 倍疏磷(百治屠)fermented tea 发酵茶Fermentive corn flour 酵(臭)米面Fermentive corn flour intoxication 酵(臭)米面食物中毒fern 蕨类(羊齿植物)ferritin 铁蛋白ferroxidase 铁氧化酶fertilizer (化学)肥料F-2 estrogenic mycotoxinF-2 雌性发情毒素Fetal Alcohol Syndrome,FAS胎儿酒精症候群fetus 胎儿fiber 纤维fibrin 纤维蛋白fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原finless eel 蟮鱼fish 鱼,鱼类fishery 渔业fishing ground 渔场flatulence factor 胃肠胀气因子Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Flavobacterum farinofermentans 酵米面黄杆茴flavonoid 黄酮类化合物fluorene 芴fluoride 氟化物fluorine 氟fluorosis 氟中毒flour tortillas 墨西哥薄饼fluid balance 体液平衡fluoride 氟化物fluorosis 氟中毒folacin 叶酸folic acid 叶酸food additive 食品添加剂Food and Argriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮农组织Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局food chain 食物链food colour 食用色素food composition 食物成分food contamination 食品污染food fortifier 食品强化剂food grain other than wheat and rice 杂粮food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food origin disease 食源性疾病food poisoning 食物中毒Food toxicology 食品毒理学Food Safety Council of U.S.美国食品安全性协会food spoilage 食品腐败变质food stamp 食品券food storage 食品贮存foot-and-mouth disease virus 口蹄疫病毒fortification 加强,强化fresh water crab 河蟹fresh water fish 淡水鱼fried bean curd 油豆腐fruitarian 果食者full blood count 全血计数fumigant 熏蒸剂fungi 真菌fungicide 杀菌剂fusarenon-X 镰刀菌烯酮-XFusarium 镰刀菌属Fusarium equiseti 木贼镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum 禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium lateritium 砖红镰刀菌Fusarlum moniliforme 串株镰刀菌Fusarium nivale 雪腐镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum 尖孢镰刀菌Fusarlum poae 梨孢镰刀菌Fusarlum roseum 粉红镰刀菌Fusarlum scripi 藤草镰刀菌Fusarium semitectum 半裸镰刀菌Fusarinm solani 茄病镰刀菌Fusarium sporotrichioides 拟枝孢镰刀菌Fusarium spp. 镰刀菌Fusarium toxin 镰刀菌毒素Fusarfum tricinctum 三线镰刀菌Ggalactotransferase 半乳糖转移酶gamma-BHC γ-六六六gamma streptococcus 丙型链球菌grain embryo 谷胚(芽)garlic 大蒜gastroenteric irritant 胃肠刺激物gellyfish 诲蜇gelsemine 钩吻碱gene mutation 基因突变genetically modified food,GMF 转基因食品geo-chemical disease 地球化学性疾病germination 发芽Giardia lamblia 贾兰第鞭毛虫Gibberella zeae 玉米赤霉ginkgo biloba L. 银杏,白果ginkgolic acid 白果酸Glass can 玻璃罐头glossitis 舌炎glucagon 胰高血糖素glucogenesis 葡萄糖生成glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸glucose 葡萄糖glucosinolate 芥子甙glutamic acid 谷氨酸glucuronide 葡糖苷酸glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycemic index 血糖生成指数glycolysis 糖酵解Gnathostoma spinigerum 棘聘口线虫glutathione peroxdase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutinous rice 糯米goitrogen 致甲状腺肿因子Good Manufacture Practice (IMP)良好生产工艺gossypol 棉酚grain, cereal 谷类grain husk 谷皮grain moth 谷蠹grain peat 大谷盗grain processing 粮食加工green food 绿色食品grind 碾磨grind into thick liquid 磨浆guaiac 愈创木脂gustin 味觉素Gymnopilus spectabi1is 桔黄裸伞gypsum 石膏Gyromitra esculenta 鹿花蕈Gyromitrin 鹿花蕈素HHafnia 哈夫尼亚菌属hallucinogen 幻觉原Halobacterium 嗜盐杆菌属Halococcus 嗜盐球菌属Hansenula 汉逊酵母属harelip(cleft lip) 唇裂heat-labile toxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素heat-stable toxin,ST 耐热肠毒素heavy metal 重金属Heliotroplum lascocarpum 毛果洋茉莉helminth蠕虫hemagglutinin 血细胞凝集素heme 血红素hemicellulose 半纤维素hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemolytic toxin 溶血毒素hemosiderin 血铁黄素herbicide 除草剂heroin 海洛因,吗啡high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白high density lipoprotein cholesterin,HDL-C 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇histamine 组胺histidine 组氨酸HT-2 toxin HT-2毒素hydrazine 肼,联氨hydrogenation 氢化作用hydrogen cyanide 氢氰酸hydrolysis 水解作用hydrometer (液体)比重计hydrometry 液体比重测定法hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxycholecalciferol羟基胆固醇化钙,25-羟维生素D3 hydroxocobalamine 羟钴胺素hydroxyergocalciferol羟基麦角钙化醇,25-羟维生素D2 Hymonolepis diminuta 长膜壳绦虫hyperactivity 功能亢进的hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症hyperlipaemia 高脂蛋白血症hypertension 高血压hypervitaminosis 维生素过多症hypocalcemia 低钙血症IIbotenic acid 鹅膏鼙氨酸Idiopathic hypogeusia 自发性味觉减退Illicium anisatum L. 山大茴,毒茴香,假茴香,次大料Implantation period 着床期incidence of parturition 妊娠率income elasticity 收入弹性index of nutritional quality (INQ) 营养质量指数indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indigo carmine 靛蓝胭脂红indirect calorimetry 间接测热法indole 吲哚(靛基质)Inocybe 丝盖伞属inodized salt 碘盐insecticide 杀虫剂inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员insulin 胰岛素International Commission on Radiological Protection; ICRP 国际放射防护委员会iodine 碘iodin deficiency disorders 碘缺乏病ionization theory 离子化学说iron 铁islanditoxin 岛青霉毒素isoleucine 异亮氨酸isosafrole 异黄樟素lsothiocyanates 异硫氰酸酯Isospora hominis 人等胞子球虫Isoxazole derivative 异噁唑衍生物Jjoule 焦耳junior food 幼儿食品KKahagawa phenomenon 神奈川现象kelp 海带kerantin 角蛋白ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketosis 酮病kilocalorie 千卡Kilojoule 干焦Klebsiella 克雷伯菌属Konwey's dish 康威皿kwashiorkor 恶性营养不良Labeling of INQ INQ标志(营养质量指数标志)lac insect 紫胶虫lactation 泌乳,哺乳Lactarius 乳菇属Lactobacilius 乳杆菌属L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester天门冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯lathyrism 山黧豆中毒lead 铅lead linear 铅线lead load 铅负荷leaf protein 叶蛋白lean body mass 瘦体质lean meat 瘦肉lecithin 卵磷脂leptin 瘦素leucine 亮氨酸L-α,γ-diamlnobutyric acidL-α,γ-二氨基丁酸life-span toxicity test 终生毒性试验lignin 木质素limiting amino acid 限制氨基酸linamarin 亚麻苦甙,棉豆甙lindane 林丹linolenic acid 亚麻酸linolie acid 亚油酸linuron,N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea 利谷隆lipase 脂肪酶lipid 脂类lipoids 类脂质lipoprotein 脂蛋白lithium 锂live birth index 出生成活率liverfluke 肝吸虫Lolium temulentum L. 毒麦long term toxicity test 长期毒性试验low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇lungfluke 肺吸虫Lycopene 番茄红素lysine 赖氨酸lysyloxidase 赖氨酰氧化酶Mmacrocytic anemia,macrocyte 巨红细胞macroelement 宏量元素Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病magnesium 镁maize 玉米malathion,Karbofos 马拉硫磷malnutrition 营养不良mammitis,mastitis 乳房炎management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理management of food poisoning食物中毒管理manganese 锰manibot utilissima 木薯marasmus 消瘦,消耗marine fish 海鱼matrix 基质maximum no-effect level (MNL)最大无作用量maximum probable number of coliform group 大肠菌群最近似数maximum no-effect dose 最大无作用剂量maximum residue limit 最高容许残留量maximum residue limit 最大残留限量meat factor 肉类因子medium lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量megajoule 兆焦megaloblastic anemia,megalobast巨幼红细胞melanin 黑色素mercury 汞metabolic antagonist 代谢拮抗物metabolic half-life (Ti) 代谢半衰期metabolism 代谢metabolism test of xenobiotics外来化合物代谢试验Metagonimus Yokogawai 横川后殖吸虫Metallic toxicant 金属毒物metallothionein,MT 金属硫蛋白methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白血症methemoglobin reductase高铁血红蛋白还原酶methionine 蛋氨酸methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate (MBC) 多菌灵methylene blue 亚甲蓝,美蓝3-methyleholanthrene(3-MCA)3-甲基胆蒽4-methylimidazole 4-甲基咪唑Micrococcus 微球菌属Micrococcus roseum 玫瑰微球菌microelement 微量元素micronucleus test 微核试验microsome mediated assay 微粒体间介试验millet 小米milk curd 凝乳milker 挤奶器milk sugar,lactose 乳糖mineral 无机盐minimal effect level 最小有作用剂量minimium observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) 最小可见损害作用水平miscible calcium pool混溶钙池mite 螨类mitochondrion 线粒体mixed polysaccharide 杂多糖moisture absorption 吸湿性molasses 糖蜜mollusc 软体动物molybdenum 铝monascorubin 红粬红素Monascus purpureus 紫红粬霉moniliformin 串珠镰刀菌素Monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶monoglyceride 单酸甘油脂monosacchavide 单糖monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸钠,味精monomethylhydrazine 甲基联氨monounsaturated 单不饱和的monuron,N′-(P-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea 灭草隆moral rule 道德规范mottling of teeth 斑牙症mouse 鼠类mouse unit,MU 小鼠单位Mucor 毛霉属mung bean 绿豆muscarine 毒蝇碱muscimol 毒蝇母mutagenicity test 致突变试验myoglobin 肌红蛋白myosin 肌球蛋白myristic acid 豆蔻酸NNADH-dehydrogenase 还原型辅酶I脱氢酶β-N-(γ-L-glutamyl)-aminopropionitrileβ-N- (γ-L-谷氨酰基)氨基丙腈naringin dihydrochalcone 柚苷二氢查耳酮natural radioactive background 天然放射性本底natural radionuclide 天然放射性核索negative nitrogen balance 负氮平衡neohesperidin dihydrochalcone新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮neo-solaniol 新茄病镰刀菌烯醇net protein utilization 蛋白质净利用率neurotoxicant 神经毒neurotoxic esterase 神经毒素酶neutral fat 中性脂肪new resources of food 食物新资源niacin 烟酸,尼克酸,维生素PPnicotinic acid 尼克酸nickel 镍night blindness 夜昼(症)nisin 乳酸链球苗肽nitrile 腈nitrite 亚硝酸盐nitrite poisoning 亚硝酸盐中毒nitrogen soluble index (NSI) 氮溶解指数nitrophen,2,4-dichloro-1-(4′-nitrophenoxy)benzene 除草醚nivalenol 雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,瓜萎镰菌醇nivalenol diacetate 二醋酸雪腐镰刀菌烯醇N-nitramine N-硝胺N-nitrosamide N-亚硝酰胺N-nitrosamidine N-亚硝基脒N-nitrosamine N-亚硝胺N-nitroso carbaryl N—亚硝西维因N-nitroso-compound N-亚硝基化合物N-nitrosodiethanolamine 二乙醇-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosodiethylamine 二乙基-N-亚硝胺N-nltrosodimethylamine 二甲基-N-亚硝胺N-nitrosomorpholine N-亚硝基吗啉N-nitrosopiperazidine(N-nitrosopiperazine)N-亚硝基哌嗪N-nitrosopiperidine N-亚磺基哌啶N-niterosopyrrolidine N-亚硝基吡咯烷N-nitroso sugar amino acidsN-亚硝基糖氨基酸N-nitrosourea N-亚硝基脲non-essential amino acid 非必需氨基酸non-fermented tea 未发酵茶no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) 无明显损害作用水平no-observed-effect level(NOEL)无明显作用水平norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素nordihydroguaiaretic acid去甲二氢愈创木酸γ-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminobutyric acidγ-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丁酸β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acidβ-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丙酸nucleotide 核苷酸nutrient 营养素nutritional ecology 营养生态学nutritional hygiene 营养卫生学nutritional iron deficiency anemia,IDA 营养缺铁性贫血nutritional marasmus 营养消瘦症nutritional requirement 营养素生理需要量nutritional surveillance 营养监测Oobesity 肥胖,肥胖症ochratoxin 赭曲霉毒素oils 油类oilseed cake 油籽饼oil-seed meal 油籽饼粉one-carbon unit 一碳单位onion 洋葱,葱头Opisthorchis felineus 猫后皋吸虫Opisthorchis(clonorchis) sinensis华支睾吸虫opium 鸦片opsin 视蛋白Oranoleptic indicator 感官指标organelle 细胞器organoarsenic 有机砷organomercury 有机汞organophosphorus 有机磷osmotic pressure 渗透压ossification 骨化(作用)osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteomalacia 骨软化(症)osteoporosis 骨质疏松症o-sulfobenzoic acid 邻磺基苯甲酸overweight 超重oxalate 草酸盐oxalic acid 草酸oxidation 氧化oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oyster 牡蛎Ppalmitic acid 软脂酸Panaeolus 花褶伞属pantothenic acid,pantothen 泛酸Paragonismus westermani 卫氏并殖吸虫Paramecium caudatum 尾草履虫Parathion,Thiophos,1605 对硫磷parathyroid hormone,parathyrin 甲状旁腺素pasterpowderlayer(a1eurone layer) 糊粉层pasteurization 巴氏消毒法patulin 展青霉素pectin transeliminase 果胶反排除酶pellagra 糙皮症,玉米红斑病Penicillium 青霉菌属Penicillium citreo-viride 黄绿青霉Penicillium citrinum 桔青霉Penicillium claviforme 棒形青霉Penicillium cyclopium 圆孤青霉Penicillium decumbens 斜卧青霉Penicilllum expansum 扩展青霉Penicillium fellutanum 瘿青霉Penicillium implicatum 纠缠青霉Penicillium islandicum 岛青霉Penicillium lividum 铅色青霉Penicillium ochrosalmoneum棕鲜色肯霉,棕蛙色青霉Penicillium patulum 展青霉Penicillium pullviLlorum 垫状青霉Penicillium rubrum 红色青霉Penicillium viridicatum 纯绿色肯霉peptide 肽,肽段peracetic acid 过氧乙酸peristalsis 蠕动pesticide 农药pest to store (store pests) 仓库虫害peripheral nutrition,PPN 外周静脉营养phallotoxins 毒伞七肽类Phaseolus vulgaris L .四季豆,莱豆角,芸豆角phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸phenylketonuria,PKU 苯丙酮尿症phospholipid 磷脂phorate,E13911 甲拌磷,(3911) phosphatide 磷脂phospholipid 磷脂phosphorus 磷phosvitin 卵黄高磷蛋白Photobacterium phosphorescens磷光发光菌Phycomycetes 藻菌纲physical expansion 物理性膨胀(罐头) physiological hyaluronidase inhibitor生理透明质酸抑制剂physiological nutrition requirment营养生理需要量phytate 植酸盐phytic acid 植酸phytohemagglutinin (PHA) 植物凝血素Pichia 毕赤酵母属pigeon chest 鸡胸Plankton 浮游生物plant 植物plant growth regulator 植物生长调节素plant sterol 植物固醇plastic can 塑料罐头platelet stickness 血小板粘结poliomyelitis virus 小儿麻痹症病毒polonium 钋polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)多环芳烃类polyoxyethylene ether 聚氧乙烯醚polysaccharide polymerase 多糖聚合酶polyunsaturated fatty acid 多不饱和脂肪酸ponceau 4R 胭脂红,丽春红4Rpoppy 罂粟porphyria 紫质症porphyrin 卟啉positive nitrogen balance 正氮平衡potassium 钾practical residue limit 实际残留限量prandial 膳食的precursor 前体物preservative 防腐剂press 压榨Propionibacterium 丙酸杆菌属propylgallate 没食子酸丙酯prostaglandin 前列腺素protease 蛋白酶protective effect 防护作用protein 蛋白质protein concentrate 浓缩蛋白protein efficiency ratio 蛋白质功效比值protein-energy malnutrition,PEM蛋白质热能缺乏性营养不良protein isolate 分离蛋白protein sparing action 蛋白质节约作用Proteus变形杆菌属proteus food poisoning 变形杆菌食物中毒Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus morganli 莫根变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌protoplasmic toxin 原浆毒素Proteus rettgeri雷特洛变形杆菌,雷极氏变形杆菌prunasin 洋李甙Pseudoanisatin 伪毒八角亭Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas syncyanca 产蓝假单胞菌Pseudomonas synxantha 产黄假单胞菌psilocin 脱磷酸光盖伞素Psilocybe 光盖伞属psilocybin 光盖伞素puckery 味涩putrescine 腐胺pyridoxine 吡哆醇,维生素B6pyrimidine 嘧啶pyrrolidine alkaloids 吡咯烷生物碱类Rradioactive pollution 放射性污染(公害) radioactive contamination 放射性污染radionuclide 放射性核素radium 镭rational diet 合理膳食recommended daily dietary allowance(RDA) 推荐每日膳食供给量recommended program of food safety evaluation 食品安全性评价程序建议red bean 赤豆reductase 还原酶reference men and women 参考人reproduction test 繁殖试验reproduction test by feeding 喂养繁殖试验requirement 需要量residue 残留resistin 抵抗素respiratory chain 呼吸链retinoic acid 视黄酸retinol 视黄醇retinol equivalent 视黄醇当量Rhizopus 根霉属rhodanase 硫氰酸酶Rhodophyllus 粉褶辈属Rhodotorula 红酵母属riboflavin 核黄素,维生素B2ribosome 核糖体rice 稻米rice weevil 米象ricin 蓖麻毒素,蓖麻毒蛋白ricinine 蓖麻碱ricinism 蓖麻中毒Ricinus communis L. 蓖麻rickets 佝偻病rodenticide 杀鼠药Rogor,dimethoate,Roxion 乐果Rosaceae 蔷薇科rubropunctatin 红斑素rye 黑麦Ssaccharin 糖精Saccharomyces 酵母属safe crop period安全收割期,安全施药间隔期safety coefficient 安全系数safflower 红花safrole 黄樟素saliva 唾液salivery amylase 唾液淀粉酶Salmonella 沙门菌属Salmonella aberdeen 阿伯丁沙门菌Salmonella abortus equi 马流产沙门菌Salmonella abortus ovis 羊流产沙门菌Salmonella anatis 鸭沙门菌Salmonella bovis morbificans 病牛沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella derby 德尔卑沙门菌Salmonella dublin 都柏林沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌Salmonella heidelberg 海德堡沙门菌Salmonella infantis 婴儿沙门菌Salmonella kisangeni 桑盖尼沙门菌Salmonella london 伦敦沙门菌Salmonella meleagridis 火鸡沙门菌Salmonella newport牛波特沙门菌,新港沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒汐门菌Salmonella paratyphi B 乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi C 丙型副伤寒沙门苗Salmonella potsdam 波茨坦沙门菌Salmonella senftenberg 山夫顿堡抄门菌Salmonella stanley 斯坦利沙门菌Salmonella taksony 塔克松尼沙门菌Salmonella thompson 汤卜逊沙门菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurtum 鼠伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium/mammals microsomal enzyme test鼠伤寒沙门菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶试验salt 食盐sampling 采样saponin 皂素,皂甙sassafras 黄樟树satiety 饱腹感saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸scenedemine 栅列藻scopolamine 东莨菪碱,莨菪胺scurvy 坏血病sea crab 海蟹seed husk 种皮selenium 硒semi-fermented tea 半发酵茶Serratia 沙雷菌属serratia marcesens 粘质沙雷菌Sevin,Carbaryl 西维因sexual infantilism 性幼稚型shelflife 货架寿命shigella sonnei 宋内志贺菌shihimic acid 毒八角酸short term toxicity test 短期毒性试揸silicon 硅single cell protein (SCP) 单细胞蛋白sister-chromatid exchange assay姐妹染色单体互换试验sitoesterol 谷固醇skatole 甲基吲哚(粪臭素)small for gestational age infant (SGAI) 足月小样儿soaking 浸泡social nutrition 社会营养sodium copper chlorophyll 叶绿素铜钠盐sodium hydrosulfite 连二亚硫酸钠sodium hyposulfite 硫代硫酸钠sodium nitrite 亚硝酸钠sodium pyrosulfite 焦亚硫酸钠sodium selenite 亚硒酸钠.sodium thiosulfate 硫代硫酸钠soft can 软罐头solanine 龙葵素,茄碱Sophra alopecuroides 狐尾槐Sophora pachycarpa 厚果槐sorbic acid 山梨酸,花楸酸。
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Arm Circle (202) Skinfold (202) Body Density (P 203) Body Fat (%)=[(4.95/D)-4.50] ×100% ) (P 203) Grip
Parameters & Corrective
Head circle
Arm circle
Circles
Head Chest Waist Hip Arms
Waist:Hip
Head Circle Arm Circle Chest Circle
For brain developing in infants
Middle point between shoulder dip to elbow dip on upper arm
Hip
Grade
Thin < 10/20mm Normal 10-40/20-50mm
Fatty > 40/50mm male/female
Table5 Skinfolds in Males ♂ of Different Ages
Skቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱnfolds (mm) 17- 29
20
8
30
13
40
16
50
60-87 24 27 29 31 32 33 34 35 36
Table6 Skinfolds in Females ♀ of Different Ages
Age (female)
Skinfolds (mm) 17- 29 30-30 40-49 >50
20
14 17 20 22
30
20 22 25 27
Objectives
Suggestion or Advice for our Government Scientific or Reasonable Opinion for People
Content
Nutrition Status with Health Level Life Expenditure Nutritional Deficiency Metabolic Diseases
Learning information in the society, such as lifestyle, eating hobbit, ethnic, religion, economic level, culture and social background……
Surveying the change, development and transaction
Professor Jin BQ Department of Food Science & Nutrition
NJNU
Nutritional Status1 (Human Physiological Status)
Nutritional Status2
•Physics/Physiology •Mentality/Psychology
(放松围、紧张围)
For muscle growth
for heart, lungs developing
Waist:Hip
Anthropometer5 Skinfold(3 points)
Skinfolds ：WHO - (Adult)
三点测量之和
Position Shoulder blade Triceps Navel beside
握力
1.0kg±0.1kg
Anthropometer1 Body Height
------
Anthropometer2 Shoulder width
Anthropometer3
Body Weight
Broca (WB) = BH (cm)-100 (105)
Anthropometer4
Methods
Nutritional Survey Anthropometry (3d) Biochemical Test/Blood or Serum
Parameter of Anthropometry
Body Weight & Height (P201) Broca (WB) = BH (cm)-100 (P201) Body Mass Index for weight judgment(202)
身高、坐高
10.0 cm±0.1cm
体重
10.0kg±0.1kg
标准体重
Broca (WB) = BH (cm)-100/105
体质指数
BMI = BW(kg)/ BH(m)2
头围,上臂围,胸围,腰围,臀围 1.0 cm±0.1cm
皮褶厚度
1.0 mm±0.1mm
体脂含量
BF%=[(4.95÷D) - 4.50] ×100%
Anthropometer7 BMI (WHO)
Classification Risk
BMI (kg/m2)
Underweight
<18.5
19
60
21
70
23
80
25
90
26
100
28
Normal range:10mm ~ 40mm
Age (male) 30-30 40-49 >50 12 12 13 16 18 19 19 21 23 22 25 27 24 27 29 25 29 32 27 31 34 28 33 36 29 34 37
Influent on the dietary behavior or eating custom,
according to their religion, ethnic, culture & economics
Nutritional Survey & Surveillance
Collecting Data from Family and Community in Investigation
40
23 26 28 30
50
27 28 31 33
60
29 31 33 36
70
31 33 35 38
80
33 34 37 40
90
35 36 38 41
100
36 37 40 43
Normal range: 20mm ~ 50mm
60-87 34 37 39 41 42 43 44 45 46
Anthropometer6 Grip