美国经济小论文 纯英文
读书笔记MinimumWages...
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读书笔记——Minimum Wages and Employment:A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania一.作者简介David Card:加拿大劳动经济学家,加州大学伯克利分校教授。
研究领域包括劳动供给、最低工资、技能偏向的技术进步和不平等上升、国外移民对迁入地劳动力市场的影响等。
Alan B. Krueger:美国普林斯顿大学教授。
2011年8月29日被总统奥巴马提名为白宫经济顾问委员会主席候选人。
2011年11月3日正式就任白宫经济顾问委员会主席。
二.内容概要1992年4月1日,美国新泽西的最低工资从4.25美元每小时提高到5.05美元每小时,然而与之毗邻的宾夕法尼亚的最低工资仍然保持4.25美元每小时。
为了评估此次最低工资提高的影响,Card和Krueger 在最低工资上涨前后分别在新泽西和宾夕法尼亚东部调查了410家快餐店。
经过调查,二人得出的结论是,尽管新泽西的最低工资上升了将近20%,可是新泽西的快餐工人就业情况相对于宾夕法尼亚来说,并没有显著性差异。
那些原本有很多最低工资员工的快餐店,与原本大部分员工工资都高于5.05美元的快餐店相比,前者因最低工资提高而受到成本压力更大,但在雇佣行为上却与后者差不多——雇佣都增加了,而不是减少。
三.别出机杼在研究最低工资的效应时,一个常见的问题是识别问题——你无法判断一个地区的就业上升或者下降是来自最低工资的变化,还是来自经济状况的好转或恶化。
这两种因素无法被截然分开。
为了处理这个问题,Card在此篇论文中选取了替代性较强、技术含量较低并且大部分员工只能领取最低工资的快餐行业,采用了双重差分方法(Differences in differences)。
由于新泽西的最低工资从4.25美元上升至5.05美元,而与之地理位置、经济状况都接近的宾夕法尼亚并没有最低工资的变化,于是将宾夕法尼亚的就业变化作为基准时间趋势,从新泽西的就业变化中减去,就能得到在新泽西的最低工资的纯粹效应。
有关商务英语方面论文商务英语毕业论文
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有关商务英语方面论文商务英语毕业论文商务英语是外贸人员同世界各地开展进出口贸易时用于洽谈交易、联系业务的一种应用语言。
下文是WTT为大家整理的有关商务英语方面论文的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!有关商务英语方面论文篇1浅论商务英语教学美国的次贷危机演变成金融危机,不仅威胁了美国经济,也殃及世界上其他国家,其负面效应对中国经济形成了较大的冲击,尤其是对外依存度较高的外贸行业受到的影响则更大。
严峻的经济形势很大程度上影响了商务英语专业学生的就业。
商务英语专业的学生在日趋白热化的就业竞争中胜出?这对商务英语教学提出了更高的要求。
一、商务英语课程特点与教学现状Hutchinson和Waters认为商务英语是专门用途英语中的一个分支,是一门以语言学为主导、吸收了一切与商业相关的领域的学科研究方法的综合陛学科,基本上属于应用语言学。
从语言的角度看,商务英语是商务环境中应用的英语,但从内容而言,商务英语叉不能脱离商务。
其特点是:(1)以目的为导向;(2)以自我学习为中心;(3)真实语料2]。
例如,BEC商务英语口试主要考查考生商务交往过程中运用英文的能力。
商务交往主要包括建立和保持商务联络、谈论工作、制定计划与安排工作等,目的性和实用性较强。
20xx年高等教育出版社出版的《体验商务英语》还设置了真实的案例分析。
改革开放后,中国众多高校纷纷开设“经贸英语”、“商贸英语”、“商务英语”以及“外贸英语”等课程,培养既通晓外语又精通国际商务的复合型人才。
有的院校如上海对外贸易大学还开设了相关的研究生课程。
另外,出版了一系列商务英语教材,例如英国剑桥大学出版社出版的级商务英语教材,与其相关的商务英语考试和培训已获得了广泛的关注和肯定。
但是,我国多数讲授商务英语的英语教师由于受专业知识的限制,往往用讲授基础英语的方法进行商务英语教学,以词汇和语法教学为主;而多数讲授商务英语的商务专业课教师由于缺乏语言教学的经验,教学中以翻译为主。
美国经济小论文 纯英文
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As we know, the strongest economic country is America .Since we learned from the class we must have known more about it .Over the 200 years, from 1776 up to now, the country has advanced a lot and become the most eye-catching nation. To some extent, the United States is leading the times .Not even me, I think the majority of us, wa nt to ask the same question “Why does the development of American economy go so leaps and bounds ?what advantages factors help them? And what we should do to develop our economy c an catch up with them?” America’s rise has provided us with a lot of meaningful experience. We should learn from it and promote our own country.Of course, there are many other measures that contribute to the rise of America .Then I will explain the reasons in the following parts1. Industrial revolution.It’s no doubt that the developments of American economy are begin with industrial revolution. Science and technology are the first productivity and of great importance to the development of society. With out exception, America’s development largely depends on science and technology. The industrial revolutions were so important to it.There are five develop stage of industrial revolution.First development was the introduction of the factory system ,which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area .The first factory in the United States is generally dated to 1793. It was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, that combined carding, roving and spinning operation. An English man named Samuel Slater came to American to build a cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England. The success of Slater’s factory started a process of change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region of the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.Second development was the “American system” of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. The new system required precision engineering to create that were interchangeable. This, in turn, allowed the final product to be assembled in stages, each worker specializing in a specific operation. The cotton gin -----that rapidly removed the seeds from the bolls of the cotton. The “moving assembly line” made possible a major saving in labor costs by improving efficiency. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges.Third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks. Large water wheels and water turbines drove the machinery of early factories. As the steam engine was perfected, it provided an alternative source of energy, first for mobile operations such as powering steamboats and locomotives, then for factories. The textile industry, the dominant American industry for many decades, completed the switch to steam power after 1860.The economic activity increased as a result of new inventions. Such as sewing machines, the telegraph, railroads, food-processing plant, the telephone, the perfection of the electric light bulb, the phonograph, the camera, moving picture and many others devices.The fourth development was the emergency of new forms of business organization, notably the bank and the cooperation, which facilitated the growth of industry. The first American commercial bank appeared in the 1780s and more banks soon followed. For many years, the only paper money consisted of “bank notes” that represented a particular bank’s promise to pay. Banking policy was highly controversial and early attempts to establish a national or central bank wereshort-lived. Not until 1863 did the United States create a truly national banking system with a standard paper currency.Then we can draw a conclusion as follows. In the first revolution, America went on very well because of its natural resources. And in a very short time, regional economy developed. It is deserved to be mentioned that the government’s policies were so powerful, such as establishing national banks, encouraging technological advancement and so on. These really mad e great contributions to the nation’s rise.During the second revolution, Americans took the most use of new energies, such as electricity. On the one hand, it directly promoted the progress of heavy industry. On the other hand, it made mass production possible and laid a foundation for economic monopoly. It not only added a lot financial income but also strengthened the economic system. What’s more, the world science and technology center moved from Europe to America.Then, America began to lead the world industrial revolutions. The most meaningful reason for its improvement might be that Americans are good at absorbing advanced technology and innovating breakthroughs. Therefore, American productivity and enterprise management system are in continuous innovation process. As a result, in the science and technology, America has being playing a leading role around the world.2. Free enterpriseMost Americans think that the rise of their nation as a leading producer of manufactured goods, food and services could not occurred without the economic freedom capitalism---which many prefer to call free enterprise.A most important factor is capital. On my point of view, they can divide to two main parts. One is money borrower, the people who need money to buy the land and build the factory. As a result, investor appeared---the other part. They find that they could make money by lending it to those who wanted to start or to expand a business. That led to the creation of an important part of the current economic scene: the selling of stock, or shares, in a business. So the stock trading was greatly increased in the vigorous free-market climate of the young America.Then many places are called stock exchanges are appeared, the best-known is perhaps he New York Stock Exchange, located in the Wall Street area of New York City, the nation’s largest city and a major business center. The government has conducted many economic policies to promote the development .American lost no time in industrializing their new nation and in building trade with other countries .it attracts and absorb foreign investment, establishing a financial reserve system to make the market creative and powerful. Besides, Americans do well in paying attention toadjusting measures to economically underdeveloped areas. There they implement a diversified economy. Having experienced the Great Depression, the government strengthened the intervention to the market and improved the economic system.3. ConclusionThe rise of the United States is a result of so many reasons from every aspect. However, the process is not as right as rain. America has faced quite a few difficulties and problems. Americans are not defeated. They just keep moving and creating their own mythologies.Although China is quite different from the United States, we Chinese can still learn from its experience. In the wave of international economy, we should learn from it and grasp the chances and be willing to take challenges.First, Innovation is the spirit of a nation’s advancement. We should encourage it and make our nation more energetic and creative. Second, we should put enough money to education so that we c should put enough money to education so that we can train more excellent people. At the same time, improve the technology. What’ more, we should make full use of our resources and recycle using them.In a word, China should keep pace with the times and adhere to the policy of reformation and opening.American Economy----The leader of the world’s economyMajor: International economy and tradeGrade and glass :2011.01Student number :1107010101Name :Zhou Bi Rong 周必荣Time :2013.06.20。
美国经济及QE3对全球经济影响论文
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浅析美国经济及QE3对全球经济的影响2012年,全球进入新一轮的经济衰退期。
美国也正经历自1933年经济大萧条以来最为严重的经济衰退。
全球三大经济体——美国、欧盟、中国,像高速行驶的火车,经济连续十年高增长。
由此而引发的产能过剩,产业结构失调,工业技术进步缓慢,是此一轮经济衰退的根本原因。
继2010年美国联邦储备系统(federal reserve system,简称fed),在以雷曼兄弟倒闭为标志的“金融危机”增发6000亿美元的货币量化宽松(简称qe2)之后,2012年美国经济因欧盟成员国一系列的债务危机影响,经济再度落入低谷。
尤其是美国制造业,制造业指数3年来首次跌破50,至49.7。
(见图1.1)此外,美国6月公布的零售数据已连续三个月下降,这是自08年以来持续时间最长的连续下降。
(见图1.2)全球市场都增强了对fed推行新一轮货币量化宽松(简称qe3)的预期。
首先,如果推行qe3其货币发行量会有多大根据卡甘模型货币需求函数:mt-pt=-γ(ept+1-pt)其中mt是t期货币量的对数;pt是t期物价水平的对数(t期为2010年qe2),而γ是决定货币需求对通货膨胀率敏感度的参数。
mt-pt是实际货币余额的对数,而pt+1-pt是t期和t+1期(目前盛炒的qe3)之间的通货膨胀率(2010年qe2时美国的cpi为0.1%,截止5月美国的cpi为1.8%)。
如果通货膨胀上升1%,那么实际货币余额就减少γ%。
ept+1是预期的物价水平,实际货币余额取决于预期的通货膨胀率。
也就是说美联储的预期通货膨胀率是2%现在低于2%说明预期的货币余额远远大于实际货币余额。
根据菲利普斯曲线,当π每增加1%那么失业率就相对减小1%(这个只是理论值,并且必须在cpi远小于正常cpi的时候,以此来看qe2的推出是起到效率最大化的。
美国的失业率从15%降低到了8.2%附近,通货膨胀率从0.1%上升到2.5%那么菲利普斯曲线的斜率应当是2.4:6.8,可能存在不精确。
读书笔记Minimum Wages and EmploymentA Case Study of the FastFood Industry in NJ and Pennsylvania
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读书笔记——Minimum Wages and Employment:A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania一.作者简介David Card:加拿大劳动经济学家,加州大学伯克利分校教授。
研究领域包括劳动供给、最低工资、技能偏向的技术进步和不平等上升、国外移民对迁入地劳动力市场的影响等。
Alan B. Krueger:美国普林斯顿大学教授。
2011年8月29日被总统奥巴马提名为白宫经济顾问委员会主席候选人。
2011年11月3日正式就任白宫经济顾问委员会主席。
二.内容概要1992年4月1日,美国新泽西的最低工资从4.25美元每小时提高到5.05美元每小时,然而与之毗邻的宾夕法尼亚的最低工资仍然保持4.25美元每小时。
为了评估此次最低工资提高的影响,Card和Krueger 在最低工资上涨前后分别在新泽西和宾夕法尼亚东部调查了410家快餐店。
经过调查,二人得出的结论是,尽管新泽西的最低工资上升了将近20%,可是新泽西的快餐工人就业情况相对于宾夕法尼亚来说,并没有显著性差异。
那些原本有很多最低工资员工的快餐店,与原本大部分员工工资都高于5.05美元的快餐店相比,前者因最低工资提高而受到成本压力更大,但在雇佣行为上却与后者差不多——雇佣都增加了,而不是减少。
三.别出机杼在研究最低工资的效应时,一个常见的问题是识别问题——你无法判断一个地区的就业上升或者下降是来自最低工资的变化,还是来自经济状况的好转或恶化。
这两种因素无法被截然分开。
为了处理这个问题,Card在此篇论文中选取了替代性较强、技术含量较低并且大部分员工只能领取最低工资的快餐行业,采用了双重差分方法(Differences in differences)。
由于新泽西的最低工资从4.25美元上升至5.05美元,而与之地理位置、经济状况都接近的宾夕法尼亚并没有最低工资的变化,于是将宾夕法尼亚的就业变化作为基准时间趋势,从新泽西的就业变化中减去,就能得到在新泽西的最低工资的纯粹效应。
经济危机论文
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经济危机论文篇一:经济危机论文从美国蔓延开来的愈演愈烈的金融危机已经严重影响到了全球经济的健康发展,并已经转变为经济危机。
从华尔街到全世界,从金融界到实体经济,各国政府都在严阵以待并拿出各种措施积极应对这次经济危机这场危机到底有没有影响到中国呢?答案是显然的。
我甚至认为,这场危机演变到最后,有可能中国受的影响最深,损失也会最大!我认为这场影响深远的危机对中国的影响远远超过1997年的金融风暴!在1996年,中国经济开始软着陆,1997年暴发东南亚经济危机,当时国内经济就比较箫条,但美国需求还是非常旺盛。
而现在的情况与过去根本不同,现在是国内开始出现这种征兆,同时中国的最大贸易伙伴美国、欧洲以及日本经济都在衰退,他们国内也都在箫条,这就导致工作难度要比以前要大的多!如果我们还抱以前的老观念,我们就会对形势产生误判,我们的政策也不能对症下药!经济危机对中国的影响首先表现在出口方面。
我们知道我国贸易顺差接近一多半,主要来自于美国,如果美国出口市场出现大的萎缩,理所当然会对我国出口驱动经济的轮子产生影响。
由于中国经济的外贸依存度高,中国出口企业如纺织、房产、玩具、钢铁行业提早步入寒冬。
同时,由于美国在建工程的萎缩,家具、卫浴、五金、电子等产品的出口企业也举步维。
据报道,全球金融风暴的愈演愈烈,正令近30年来一直保持高速成长的福建外贸行业经历严冬考验。
第104届广交会如期开幕。
然而,作为中国外贸行业的晴雨表和风向标,过去福建外贸企业一席难求的展会摊位,这次却出现了破天荒的退订现象。
圣诞旺季外贸订单同比骤降、部分加工企业生产线处于半停产状况、部分企业一周只上3天班……20xx年10月15日,全球最大玩具代工商之一——合俊集团旗下两工厂倒闭,6500名员工面临失业!这是受金融危机影响,中国实体企业倒闭规模最大的案例。
数据显示,20xx年中国玩具出口额前8个月虽然有51亿美元,却只比上年同期增长了1个百分点,大幅回落了近22%。
[英语]浅谈英文报刊阅读论文
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浅谈英文报刊阅读抚州一中石会坚新《课标》对学生的综合语言能力,尤其是阅读和表达能力提出了更高的要求。
新《课标》要求学生具备综合阅读能力;强调多学科知识的贯通;注重培养学生语篇分析能力、判断能力以及根据语义进行逻辑推理的能力;提高其阅读速度、增加其阅读量和扩大其词汇量等。
如果在高中英语教学中能够结合教材,增加富有时代的真实材料,指导学生进行大量阅读,高中学生的语言综合能力必然会得到提高。
英文报刊进入课堂,为教师和学生提供了源源不断的教育资源,丰富了课堂教学形式。
本文将对阅读英文报刊中的疑难问题作些解析,希望能对学生阅读英文报刊有所帮助。
一、英语报刊标题的特点英文报刊新闻标题同汉语报刊一样,其特点是简明扼要。
如果读者一看标题就觉得茫然,则会失去继续阅读文章的兴趣和信心。
因此,了解标题的特点,对读懂标题很有必要。
1、标题的时态和语态特点(1)英语报刊报导的内容一般都是新近发生、已经发生、或刚刚发生的新闻。
正文中故事的叙述和报导基本符合英语的一般法则。
例如,表示过去发生的事情就用“过去”或“完成”时态,但是,新闻的特点是给读者以新鲜、现实和生动的感受,因此报刊标题常用一般现在时报导“过去”发生的事情。
例如:Christmas Invades Asia (圣诞节登陆亚洲)Radio Promotes English (电台广播提高了英语水平)US economic train loses steam (美国经济列车失去动力)上述标题,无论是表示一般情况的事实,还是描述已经发生的事情,都用一般现在时态,以吸引读者的兴趣和注意力。
(2)凡是表示现在进行时的场合,报刊标题都可以用行为动词的现在分词表示。
由于报刊版面篇幅有限,标题的语言必须简洁,因此进行时态中的助动词be常常省略,例如:Rail Chaos Getting Worse = Rail chaos is getting worse (铁路交通混乱状态加剧。
美国新经济发展理性论文
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美国新经济发展的理性思考中图分类号:f125文献标识:a文章编号:1009-4202(2012)03-000-02摘要本文结合当前美国经济发展状况,对实行新经济的利弊进行分析,并对美国新经济的发展进行相关探讨。
关键词美国新经济发展利弊一直以来,美国的发展扑朔迷离。
尤其在短短两百多年的历史中,美国已经一跃成为第一经济强国,可谓创造了世界的奇迹。
尤其在20世纪90年代后期,美国出现持续性的高速经济增长局面。
在信息技术引领下,美国的经济增长率升高、失业率与通胀率有所降低。
这种“两低一高”的局面,即新经济。
新经济的发展源自美国,如今已席卷全球各个角落。
一、美国新经济发展的利弊分析美国新经济是一种全球化、可持续发展的经济形式,奠定在全球市场及信息革命基础上,也是市场经济与制度发展的必然产物。
与传统的经济形式相比,美国新经济具有一定特征:①主要以信息化、高科技为增长的原动力;②打破粗放型管理模式,以集约型管理为主;③“新经济”发展趋向全球一体化,极大扩展经济主体的交往空间;④电子商务是“新经济”发展的重要交换媒介。
总的来说,美国“新经济”的发展,奠定在全新企业制度基础上,很多企业员工既是劳动者身份,也是股东身份,这将在很长一段时间内维持经济的高速增长。
同时,政府在其中也发挥了重要作用,例如,以网络为代表性的“新经济”的发展,政府为其提供了技术与法律方面的支持,担负起保护网络安全的重大责任。
可以说,美国“新经济”的发展,就是大规模应用高新技术的产物,对推动国民经济发展具有重要意义,与“利益最大化”原则相一致,同时符合经济学的创新性,通过理论、制度、实践的创新,促进社会与经济的现代化发展。
因此,美国“新经济”的出现,实现了经济增长方式的转变,是推动美国现代化发展的动力。
但是在认识到美国“新经济”发展的积极意义的同时,也要考虑由“新经济”带来的各种风险。
虽然新经济的发展促进了资本主义社会生产力的进步,但是没有从根本改善社会化和生产资料私人化的矛盾,甚至可能加剧美国与发展中国家的冲突。
英语专业毕业论文题目(通用3篇)
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英语专业毕业论文题目(通用3篇)文学1、女性研究2、英国文学(含各个时期的作家)3、美国文学(含各个时期的作家)4、 a brief analysis of the heroine personality in jane eyre.(《简爱》主人公个性分析)(评哈代的宿命论)6、 a probe into the feminist idea of jane eyre(《简爱》男女平等思想的探索)7、characterization in charles dickens’s novels(狄更斯小说中的人物塑造)8、 humor and satire in pride and prejudice(《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺)10、the reasons for tess’s tragic fate(造成苔丝悲剧命运的原因)11、 analysis of the marriages in pride and prejudice(《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻面面观)12、on the impact of jane austen’s life on her novels(试谈简奥斯汀生活对其小说的影响)13、 what bring about the tragedy of king lear(李尔王悲剧成因探索)14、浅析《苔丝》中女主角性格特征15、从《傲慢与偏见》看18世纪末英国女性婚姻观16、从悲剧婚姻走出的新时代女性--解析斯嘉丽性格之变迁17、从《理智与情感》中达什伍德家族矛盾看18世纪英国妇女的财产权18、战乱中的玫瑰,斯嘉丽性格浅析19、浅谈《理智与情感》中的家庭矛盾20、浅析《老人与海》中海明威的“人与自然”观念21、浅析《老人与海》中海明威的死亡意识22、试析福克纳《喧哗与骚动》的文体风格23、《红字》中的圣经元素24、《纳尼亚传奇:狮子、女巫和魔衣柜》中的女性歧视现象研究25、 emily dickinson 诗歌意象研究26、 d.h. lawrance 女性形象研究27、 oscar wilde 悲剧童话研究语言学28、英语语言学研究30、英语新词的产生与发展31、美国俚语的发展及其在社会生活中的反映32、浅谈美国黑人英语的特点33、美国俚语的语言特色和社会功能34、英文报刊标题的语言特点35、英语新词新意初探36、英汉道歉语的对比研究a contrastive study of apologies in english and chinese37、美国俚语的文化内涵及语言特色教育38、任务型教学模式在综合英语教学中的应用39、情感因素对英语教学的影响40、英语写作与文化背景知识的输入41、学习动机与英语成绩的相关研究42、英语教师的提问与交际能力的培养43、浅谈英语听说读写能力的培养44、英语教育翻译45、魅力的外国品牌及中文翻译46、英语广告中双关语的翻译47、英语广告口号语的翻译48、外国产品的商标翻译49、论商务口译的特点与技巧50.英汉交替口译中的注意力分配51、从商务英语翻译看英汉文化差异52、英汉习语的文化差异及翻译53、从中外文化差异看商标翻译54、英文电影片名的翻译策略与翻译方法研究55、学生提出的有关翻译的论题56、英文商业广告口号语的语言特点及其翻译57、从东西文化看英汉谚语的互译58、 translating of english proverbs into chinese59、 on the strategies of translation of english advertisement60、 translatability and untranslatability: the translation of chinese idioms into english62、a study of yang xianyi’s translation style (或其他翻译家)63、广告英语的语言特色及翻译方法64、美化之,论朱生豪译romeo and juliet65、郑振铎译《飞鸟集》研究66、中国特色词汇及其英译旅业67、三亚发展乡村旅游的积极意义68、浅谈海南民俗旅游的开发69、导游服务中的常见问题及对策分析70、论导游的品质对服务的影响71、浅谈形体语言在旅游服务中的运用72、我国黄金周日旅游的利弊分析73、如何有效开发学生旅游市场74、海南建国际旅游岛应以人文本to build hainan into an international tourism island should be people-oriented75、生态环境的保护是海南的生命线the protection of eco-environment is the lifeline of hainan76、学生提出的有关旅业的其他论题77、三亚旅游的现状和可持续性发展刍议78、浅论涉外导游人员的基本素质商务79、论酒店员工激励机制的建立80、英语广告中的幽默81、从一些角度分析商务合同的语言特点82、英语广告的诉求手段83、经典外国广告浅析84、论网络营销的利弊on the advantages and disadvantages of internet marketing85、论网购的利弊on the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping86、三亚学院学生网购情况调查an investigation into students online shopping in sanya college87、学生提出的有关商务的其他论题88、商务活动中的中西方文化差异89、中西商务沟通中的跨文化差异90、英语广告中的文化背景文化91、中西文化面子观差异对比分析an analysis on differences between chinese and western ideas on face92、中西文化中女性角色意识差异及其对职业发展影响differences between chinese and western role awareness of women and the effects on their career development93、东西方人际关系要素差异探析the analysis on the differences of interpersonalrelationship between eastern and western people94、从中英文礼貌用语中看文化差异cultural difference between chinese and english on politeness95、谈跨文化交际中的“面子”观96、中国和美国家庭观差异the differences of family values between china and american97、英语影视作品中的人性98、中西餐桌礼仪的差异99、中西教育模式的比较100、英汉颜色词的文化内涵对比101、中西方非语言交际差异102、英美文化的各个研究领域(含中西文化比较)毕业论文选题论“输入理论”及其对初中英语教学的启示高一英语写作错误分析支架理论在高中英语语法教学中的应用研究说新闻活动对英语专业学生批判性思维的影响互动模式下高中英语课堂教师反馈语类型及影响的个案研究教育实习与职前英语教师身份认同关系个案研究高中英语阅读材料中文化选择和分布研究针对初中英语小组合作学习的教师评价语的研究,以省中学为例初中英语课堂提问现状调查研究,以中学为例初中英语教师课堂话语的互动性分析听力中语音障碍的成因调查与分析,以地学生为例合作学习对英语语音教学的影响,一以外国语学校为例的调查研究高中优秀英语教师写作课所用反馈语的研究初中英语家庭作业设计的调查--以学校为例汉英颜色词汇的语义不对称现象研究高中英语课堂教师提问话语分析-个案研究任务型语言教学在初中英语教学中的应用,个案研究教师指导下的高中学生英语自主学习有效性探究高中英语学困生的成因及对策研究,以中学为例农村中学生英语学习情感因素调查新课标下农村普通高中的英语课堂活动初中英语课堂提问有效性现状及对策研究,以学校为例初中学生英语课文背诵情况调查研究图式理论在初中英语阅读教学中的应用英语专业学生口语交际策略使用情况调查研究农村高中英语口语互动教学现状调查研究,学校为例初中英语课堂中“生生互动”的应用现状调查,以外国语学校为例利用加涅学习过程理论优化英语教学过程设计基于“话语语境理论”的高中英语词汇教学案例分析,以高中为例新课程背景下初中英语交互式家庭作业的研究职前教师与资深教师英语课堂反馈策略对比优秀商务英语本科论文题目篇三1、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧2、商务英语函电翻译技巧3、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养4、国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素5、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突6、试论普通英语与商务英语的差异7、商务谈判中的语言艺术8、试论文化因素对商务活动的作用9、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策10、从文化视角比较中英文广告语言11、国际商务英语信函话语分析12、经贸英语的语言特点13、浅论经贸英语的文体风格14、经贸英语的语体特点与翻译15、英语在商务活动中的作用16、经贸英语在中国加入WTO后的新趋势17、商务英语学习中的文化习得18、浅谈如何有效学习经贸英语词汇19、文化习俗与跨文化交际学对经贸英语学习的影响20、商务英语专业人才培养模式与实践21、试论文化导入在商务英语教学中的作用22、中英文广告传播之语言特色及跨文化问题23、商品译文的品牌形象对商务英语翻译教学的启示24、试论商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧25、现代商务英语书信的写作风格和语法特点26、从修辞方面浅探商务英语的语言特色27、商务英语书面语篇词汇特点分析28、从语境角度分析英汉互译中语言的得体29、商务英语函电的文本特征30、经贸英语合同的语言特色31、商务合同英语的文体特征分析32、经贸英语信函话语基调分析33、中西文化差异与交际障碍34、试谈语言交际中的文化差异35、文化差异对经贸英语翻译的影响36、经贸英汉互译中的矛盾与对策37、经贸英语词汇特点与翻译38、根据词义和逻辑关系谈涉外经济合同的翻译39、商业英文书信所使用的词语分类浅析40、一些普通词汇在经贸英语中的特殊意义及翻译41、常用名词在经贸英语中的语义变化特征42、浅谈经贸英语会话中的言语交际技巧43、论国际经贸活动的语言交际技巧44、跨文化交际中的非言语交际体系研究45、文化差异对国际商务的影响46、国际商务谈判中的文化差异47、试论广告英语的语言特点48、关于网络广告英语与报刊杂志广告英语词汇比较49、商号、商标、公司名称等的翻译?50、商标名称的美学特征及汉语商标名称的翻译。
留学美国——writing_sample介绍_
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什么是writing sample 或research proposal发布时间: 2008-3-19 9:54:00Writing Sample(写作范例)是论文性的文章,一般和所申请的方向相关,长度要求从2页到30页不等,主要是考查申请人的思考能力、学术潜力和写作能力。
有些学校的文史类或社会科学类专业会要求提交Writing Sample,比如文化研究类、教育学、社会学、政治学、传媒、经济学、法学等。
而Research Proposal(研究计划书)主要说明申请人拟研究领域和方向、具体的研究课题、将采用的研究方法、研究进度安排、研究成果的实际应用价值等。
胖豆谈writing sample写作前一段时间忙着考试,昨天考完了,周日jiyuanben大叔组织的聊天活动,由于事先安排的旅行时间冲突不能来了,对不起大家,最近看到很多关于writing sample写作的帖子,偶就谈谈自己的一些看法和建议吧,希望对08fall友们有一定的帮助,弥补一下。
关于米国申请中需要的writing sample,首先说一下他指的是什么,根据一些院校网站上的要求是sample of your academic written works,说泛一点,可以是你写过的任何一篇(或数篇,根据要求)学术论文。
偶在和自己申请08fall的同学聊到WS写什么东西的时候,给他列了几个选择,也是给大家的一些建议:第一类,中文期刊、学位论文的翻译就是将你在中文论文进行翻译,要注意翻译时专业词汇的选择和格式的统一,关于格式最后再仔细谈。
如果是对国内硕士论文的翻译,那就得考虑学校关于字数的限制了,全文翻译可能就超出了限制,所以得选择章节,而且能够概括。
第二类,英文期刊、会议论文,英文专业本硕毕业论文,海外兵团的课程论文和学位论文有牛人在英文国际期刊发表了,那敢情好直接作为你的sample;会议论文得将你的presentation转换为report了;英文专业的本科硕士毕业论文是英文的,可以直接用,但建议进一步修改和完善;越来越多的海外兵团出现,对于这个群体,可以使用自己很满意得分高也与自己申请专业有关的课程论文作为你的sample,因为毕竟经过鬼子的评价,根据评价做调整,同样海外硕士MA THESIS也可以选择chapter作为申请材料的一部分,套磁阶段可以将MA THESIS 的电子版发给老师看,如果是相同领域。
经济大萧条 英文资料 论文
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Great Depression, in U.S. history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of 1929. Although it shared the basic characteristics of other such crises (see depression), the Great Depression was unprecedented in its length and in the wholesale poverty and tragedy it inflicted on society. Economists have disagreed over its causes, but certain causative factors are generally accepted. The prosperity of the 1920s was unevenly distributed among the various parts of the American economy—farmers and unskilled workers were notably excluded—with the result that the nation's productive capacity was greater than its capacity to consume. In addition, the tariff and war-debt policies of the Republican administrations of the 1920s had cut down the foreign market for American goods. Finally, easy-money policies led to an inordinate expansion of credit and installment buying and fantastic speculation in the stock mark et. The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe, where many countries had not fully recovered from the aftermath of World War I; in Germany, the economic disaster and resulting social dislocation contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler. In the United States, at the depth (1932–33) of the depression, there were 16 million unemployed—about one third of the available labor force. The gross national product declined from the 1929 figure of $103,828,000,000 to $55,760,000,000 in 1933. The economic, agricultural, and relief policies of the New Deal administration under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt did a great deal to mitigate the effects of the depression and, most importantly, to restore a sense of confidence to the American people. Yet it is generally agreed that complete business recovery was not achieved and unemployment ended until the government began to spend heavily for defense in the early 1940s.大萧条时期,美国的历史,据说严重的经济危机促成了美国股市1929年崩溃。
毕业论文英文专业毕业范文
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毕业论文英文专业毕业范文英语是目前世界上流行最广的语言,并且正在成为一种全球性语言。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于毕业论文英文的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业论文英文篇1浅议美式英语与英式英语的不同摘要:如今,英语可说是已经变成一种世界性的语言。
对中国学生而言,几乎一开始接触学习的就是英国英语。
然而,由于美国在全球经济的地位与日俱增,导致其语言发音也深入人心,因此我们不得不每天听到一些美式发音的英语,这就造成了我们学习者在学习英语的时候美英发音鱼龙混杂的局面。
不知道自己说或听到的英语到底是接近美式发音还是英式发音。
本文将对“美国普通话” (General American,简称GA)与标准英国发音(Received Pronunciation,简称为RP)进行比较。
对美国英语与英国英语发音的特征作一简要的区分关键词:GA RP 区别差异引言英语真正成为英国人的语言,至今只有三百多年的历史。
接触过英语的人皆知,英语是源于英国的语言,它不只是英国本国的语言,也是各个英语系国家的语言。
这些包括美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、纽西兰等。
在一般人的观念里英国是一个很严谨的国家。
英国人似乎在穿着上,用餐的礼仪上,工作的时候都很严谨,也较有规律。
也因此,大众对英国的语言也有相同的观念,觉得英式英语是一种严谨的语言。
而美国是由英国移民所组成的一个国家,它的建国时间较短,因此,在人们的印象中,美国和英国有着大大的不同。
美国人较热情,做任何事情随心所欲,所以美国人在说话时也应是如此。
在美国的英语中,有许多很口语化的方言和俗语。
英国人和美国人所使用的英语都遵循既定的规则,但随着社会潮流的进步及改变,无论是在英国或是美国,人们所使用的英语也都一直在改变。
只是在大众的感觉里,美国英语改变的速度似乎比英国英语还要来的快。
但事实上,学者们的研究却认为美式英语在某些层面上比英式英语还要守旧。
此外,学者们也认为造成两者差异最大的原因是因为自然环境的不同。
市场营销专业毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
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市场营销专业毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献文献翻译原文Marketing theoryMcCarthy (E.J.Mccarthy) ,in 1960, also under the micro-marketingdefinition: Marketing is the responsibility of business activities, products and services will be directly from the producer towards the consumer or userin order to meet customer needs and the achievement of the company profits,but also a process of socio-economic activities with the aim to meet thesocial or human needs, to achieve social goals. this definition than in the United States, although the definition of marketing association a step forward that meet customer needs and realize the company's operating profit as a goal, but two definitions that marketing activities are production activities in the beginning of the end of the middle after a series of business sales activities, when the commodity to the user the hands of the end, the enterprise marketing activities and therefore is limited to the narrow scope of circulation, rather than operating as a business for sale throughout the entire process, including marketing research, product development, pricing, distribution, advertising, publicity reports, sales promotion, marketing staff, after-sales service andso on.Christian Grnroosto the definition and emphasized the purpose of marketing: Marketing is in the interests of a whole, through mutual exchange and commitment to establish, maintain, consolidate and consumers and other participants in the relationship between the parties to achieve the purpose. This definition has been in use ever since, until the summer of 2021 was revised. The new definition is nearly 20 years on the marketing of the first amendment to the definition, no wonder the majority of marketers attracteduniversal attention. The development of marketing theory has the following four stages:The first stage: start-up phase. Marketing in the late 19th century to 20 in the United States the world's creation of 20, due to industrial development and marketing at this time by a very narrow scope of the study, but research and commercial advertising network settings. Island in Illinois and other related courses at the universities. By the \of American Advertising\to\Advertising and Marketing Association of Science Teachers\to marketing research to ensure the organization. At this time of marketing research is characterized by: a. focus on marketing and advertising techniques, modern marketing theory, concepts, principles had yet to emerge; b. University research activities are basically confined to the classroom and a professor of the study, and also society and the business community did not receive attention.Phase II: Application stage. During the 20th century to the end of World War II 20 for the application stage, begun to take shape at this time, the United States began large-scale domestic enterprises to use marketing to operate businesses, open overseas markets, European countries have to follow. Established in 1931, \Marketing Association\Marketing preach, and in 1937 merged the two organizations, academia and the business community to absorb a wide range to join the Marketing from the University of the rostrum to the community. This stage of the development of marketing in the applications. The capitalist world in 1929 due to the outbreak of an unprecedented economic crisis, the economy of the Great Depression, large shrinkage in the purchasing power of a sharp decline in the community, the unprecedented sharp market. The whole capitalist economic crisis dealt a serious blow. This stage, marketing research is characterized by: a. there is no product to sell out of this narrow concept of; b. at a deeper study on the basis of a broader marketing and advertising technique; c. study in favor of selling the business organization set; d. beginning of the study of marketing theory to society, paying attention to the general business community.The third phase: the formation period of development. The 20th century, the 50's to 80's for the marketing stage of development, the U.S. military-industrial economy has begun to shift the public economic, social goods, the sharp increase in social productivity improved significantly, while the corresponding consumption level of residents has not been much improvement, market began to emerge in a state of oversupply. At this point the U.S. marketing expert R. Cox and W. Aderson the \sense of Marketing is to promote the potential producers and consumers of goods or services of any transaction activity.\the new marketing stage. Previously that the market is the end ofthe production process, is now considered to be the starting point of the production process; the original that is marketing to sell products, now that marketing through the investigation to understand the needs and desires of consumers, and production in line with consumer needs and desires goods or services, which meet the needs and desires of consumers; so that from the marketing companies to enter the framework of social vision and a clear management guidance.Phase IV: the mature stage. Since the 80's for the marketing of the mature stage, in: a. associated with other disciplines such as economics, mathematics, statistics, psychology, etc.; b. theory began to form their own system; 80 is the age of marketing revolutionary period, begun to enter the field of modern marketing, so marketing the new look.译文市场营销理论麦卡锡(E.J.Mccarthy)于1960年对微观市场营销下了定义:市场营销是企业经营活动的职责,它将产品及劳务从生产者直接引向消费者或使用者以便满足顾客需求及实现公司利润,同时也是一种社会经济活动过程,其目的在于满足社会或人类需要,实现社会目标。
经济英文论文网站
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美国经济学联合会的(JEL)Journal of Economic Literature http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/aeajeclit/ (JEP)Journal of Economic Perspectives http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/aeajecper/(AER)American Economic Review http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/aeaaecrev/芝加哥大学的(JB) Journal of Business http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ucpjnlbus/(JLE)Journal of Labor Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ucpjlabec/(JPE)Journal of Political Economy http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ucpjpolec/(JB)Journal of Business http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ucpjnlbus/Blackwell出版社的(JES)Journal of Economic Surveys http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blajecsur/(JIE)Journal of Industrial Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blajindec/ (OBES)Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statisticshttp://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blaobuest/(RDE)Review of Development Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blardevec/(RES)Review of Economic Studies http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blarestud/(RIW)Review of Income and Wealth http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blarevinw/(RIE)Review of International Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blareviec/(AEP)Australian Economic Papers http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blaausecp/牛津大学出版社的(OEP)Oxford Economic Papers http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/oupoxecpp/Springer Berlin Heidelberg 的(PRS)Papers in Regional Science http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/sprpresci/(JPE)Journal of Population Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/sprjopoec/(RED)Review of Economic Design http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/sprreecde/(ET)Economic Theory http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/sprjoecth/(EE)Empirical Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/sprempeco/(JEE)Journal of Evolutionary Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/sprjoevec/International Journal of Game Theory http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/sprjogath/MIT出版社的(QJE)The Quarterly Journal of Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/tprqjecon/ The Review of Economics & Statistics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/tprrestat/Journal of Economics & Management Strategy http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/tprjemstr/ RAND集团的RAND Journal of Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/rjerandje/Bell Journal of Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/rjebellje/American Real Estate Society 的Journal of Real Estate Research http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/jreissued/动态经济学会—学术出版社Academic Press for the Society for Economic Dynamics 的Review of Economic Dynamics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/redissued/金融研究学会—牛津大学出版社Oxford University Press for Society for Financial StudiesReview of Financial Studies http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ouprfinst/John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 的(JAE)Journal of Applied Econometrics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/jaejapmet/ Taylor and Francis Journals 的(AE)Applied Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/tafapplec/(AFE)Applied Financial Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/tafapfiec/ International Journal of Finance & Economicshttp://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ijfijfiec/美联储系统高官董事会Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) 的(FRB)Federal Reserve Bulletin http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/fipfedgrb/高官报告http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/fipfedgws/美国统计联合会American Statistical Association 的Journal of Business and Economic Statistics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/besjnlbes/ 加拿大经济学联合会Canadian Economics Association的Canadian Journal of Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/cjeissued/多伦多大学的Canadian Public Policy http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/cppissued/Kluwer Academic Publishers 的Computational Economics http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/kapcompec/数量经济学会Econometric Society的Econometrica http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ecmemetrp/皇家经济学会Royal Economic Society 的Economic Journal http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ecjeconjl/伦敦政治经济学院London School of Economics and Political Science 的Economica http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/blaeconom/McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought 的History of Economic Thought Articles http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/hayhetart/IMF的IMF Staff Papers http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/imfimfstp/Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association的International Economic Review http://econpapers.hhs.se/article/ieriecrev/。
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As we know, the strongest economic country is America .Since we learned from the class we must have known more about it .Over the 200 years, from 1776 up to now, the country has advanced a lot and become the most eye-catching nation. To some extent, the United States is leading the times .Not even me, I think the majority of us, wa nt to ask the same question “Why does the development of American economy go so leaps and bounds ?what advantages factors help them? And what we should do to develop our economy c an catch up with them?” America’s rise has provided us with a lot of meaningful experience. We should learn from it and promote our own country.Of course, there are many other measures that contribute to the rise of America .Then I will explain the reasons in the following parts1. Industrial revolution.It’s no doubt that the developments of American economy are begin with industrial revolution. Science and technology are the first productivity and of great importance to the development of society. With out exception, America’s development largely depends on science and technology. The industrial revolutions were so important to it.There are five develop stage of industrial revolution.First development was the introduction of the factory system ,which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area .The first factory in the United States is generally dated to 1793. It was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, that combined carding, roving and spinning operation. An English man named Samuel Slater came to American to build a cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England. The success of Slater’s factory started a process of change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region of the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.Second development was the “American system” of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. The new system required precision engineering to create that were interchangeable. This, in turn, allowed the final product to be assembled in stages, each worker specializing in a specific operation. The cotton gin -----that rapidly removed the seeds from the bolls of the cotton. The “moving assembly line” made possible a major saving in labor costs by improving efficiency. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges.Third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks. Large water wheels and water turbines drove the machinery of early factories. As the steam engine was perfected, it provided an alternative source of energy, first for mobile operations such as powering steamboats and locomotives, then for factories. The textile industry, the dominant American industry for many decades, completed the switch to steam power after 1860.The economic activity increased as a result of new inventions. Such as sewing machines, the telegraph, railroads, food-processing plant, the telephone, the perfection of the electric light bulb, the phonograph, the camera, moving picture and many others devices.The fourth development was the emergency of new forms of business organization, notably the bank and the cooperation, which facilitated the growth of industry. The first American commercial bank appeared in the 1780s and more banks soon followed. For many years, the only paper money consisted of “bank notes” that represented a particular bank’s promise to pay. Banking policy was highly controversial and early attempts to establish a national or central bank wereshort-lived. Not until 1863 did the United States create a truly national banking system with a standard paper currency.Then we can draw a conclusion as follows. In the first revolution, America went on very well because of its natural resources. And in a very short time, regional economy developed. It is deserved to be mentioned that the government’s policies were so powerful, such as establishing national banks, encouraging technological advancement and so on. These really mad e great contributions to the nation’s rise.During the second revolution, Americans took the most use of new energies, such as electricity. On the one hand, it directly promoted the progress of heavy industry. On the other hand, it made mass production possible and laid a foundation for economic monopoly. It not only added a lot financial income but also strengthened the economic system. What’s more, the world science and technology center moved from Europe to America.Then, America began to lead the world industrial revolutions. The most meaningful reason for its improvement might be that Americans are good at absorbing advanced technology and innovating breakthroughs. Therefore, American productivity and enterprise management system are in continuous innovation process. As a result, in the science and technology, America has being playing a leading role around the world.2. Free enterpriseMost Americans think that the rise of their nation as a leading producer of manufactured goods, food and services could not occurred without the economic freedom capitalism---which many prefer to call free enterprise.A most important factor is capital. On my point of view, they can divide to two main parts. One is money borrower, the people who need money to buy the land and build the factory. As a result, investor appeared---the other part. They find that they could make money by lending it to those who wanted to start or to expand a business. That led to the creation of an important part of the current economic scene: the selling of stock, or shares, in a business. So the stock trading was greatly increased in the vigorous free-market climate of the young America.Then many places are called stock exchanges are appeared, the best-known is perhaps he New York Stock Exchange, located in the Wall Street area of New York City, the nation’s largest city and a major business center. The government has conducted many economic policies to promote the development .American lost no time in industrializing their new nation and in building trade with other countries .it attracts and absorb foreign investment, establishing a financial reserve system to make the market creative and powerful. Besides, Americans do well in paying attention toadjusting measures to economically underdeveloped areas. There they implement a diversified economy. Having experienced the Great Depression, the government strengthened the intervention to the market and improved the economic system.3. ConclusionThe rise of the United States is a result of so many reasons from every aspect. However, the process is not as right as rain. America has faced quite a few difficulties and problems. Americans are not defeated. They just keep moving and creating their own mythologies.Although China is quite different from the United States, we Chinese can still learn from its experience. In the wave of international economy, we should learn from it and grasp the chances and be willing to take challenges.First, Innovation is the spirit of a nation’s advancement. We should encourage it and make our nation more energetic and creative. Second, we should put enough money to education so that we c should put enough money to education so that we can train more excellent people. At the same time, improve the technology. What’ more, we should make full use of our resources and recycle using them.In a word, China should keep pace with the times and adhere to the policy of reformation and opening.American Economy----The leader of the world’s economyMajor: International economy and tradeGrade and glass :2011.01Student number :1107010101Name :Zhou Bi Rong 周必荣Time :2013.06.20。