2020年职称英语(卫生类)教材阅读理练习3
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断习题及答案(3)
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断习题及答案（3）SmokingSince 1939,numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics,it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body.Smoke is a mixture ofgases,vaporized chemicals,minute particles of ash and other solids.There is also nicotine,which is powerful poison,and black tar.As smoke is breathed in,all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs.One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides.Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,but they can only slightly reduce,not eliminate the hazards.练习：1.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2.Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3.Smoking may induce lung cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5.Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokersA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6.Nicotine is poisonous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7.Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案与解析：1.B.分析：利用题干中的hazardous作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子（Since 1939,numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.），判断该句的含义（为了确认是否吸烟会造成健康危害，人们已经实行了大量的研究工作）与问题句的含义不一致。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类补全短文模拟试题(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类补全短文模拟试题(3)One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus.The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980,when smallpox was eradicated in the wild,by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it — one in the US and one in Russia.If smallpox had truly gone from the planet,what point was there in keeping these reserves?____1____reality,of course,it was naive to____2____that everyone would let____3____of such a potent potential weapon.1 Undoubtedly several nations still have____4____vials.___5_____the last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,2____6____no obvious gain.Now American researchers have___7_____an animal model of the human disease,opening the____8____for tests on new treatments and vaccines.So once again there's a good reasonto____9____the virus —just in____10____the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we____11____with the mistrust of the US and Russia?____12____Keep the virus_____13___international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries.The US will object,of course,just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything.But itdoesn’t____14____the idea is wrong.If thevirus____15____useful,then let's make it the servant of all humanity — not just a part of it练习：1.A.In B.On C.At D.For2.A.know B.imagine C.realize D.be aware3.A.to go B.going C.go D.went4.A.much B.more C.most D.a few5.A.And B.While C.Whereas D.Although6.A.since B.for C.because D.of7.A.looked for B.sought C.found D.talked about8.A.method B.road C.street D.way9.A.keep B.put C.destroy D.eradicate10.A.need B.case C.necessity D.time11.A.handle B.tackle C.deal D.treat12.A.Difficult B.Hard C.Safe D.Simple13.A.under B.in C.on D.for14.A.say B.mean C.state D.declare15.A.will be B.would be C.is D.are答案与题解：1.A inreality："实际上,事实上"。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读训练(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读训练(3)Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast CancerExercise and keeping a healthy weight are two things that doctors say might help women lower their risk of breast cancer.Mothers may reduce their risk if they breastfeed for at least four months. For older women, hormone replacement therapy2 can lower the risk of some other diseases. But it has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer. So women should consider their choices carefully. The same may be said for diet.New findings show that younger women who eat a lot of red meat have higher rates of breast cancers called hormone-receptor positive3. The growth is fed by the levels of estrogen or another hormone, progesterone, in the body.Researchers at Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, reported the findings as part of a health study of nurses. The researchers followed the health of more than 90,000 women from 1991 to 2003. Those who ate the most red meat ate more than one and one-half servings a day. A serving was defined as roughly 84 grams. Those who ate the least red meat ate less than three servings a week. This is what the study found about breast cancers that were hormone receptor-positive： The women who ate the most red meat were almost two times as likely to get them as the women who ate the least of it.Eunyoung Cho, the lead author of the report, says more research is needed to know the reason for the link. But inthe past, researchers have suggested that three things mayplay a part. One is the way meat is cooked or processed. Another is the use of growth hormones in cows. And the thirdis the kind of iron in red meat. The study appears in the Archives of Internal Medicine.And now we have more to tell you about oursubject―resveratrol. We discussed a study in the UnitedStates that found that large amounts of this plant compound helped fat mice live longer. The mice were fed much more resveratrol than people could get from red wine, one of the foods that contains it.Now, scientists in France say resveratrol also improves muscle performance ― again, at least in mice. They were able to run two times as far in laboratory treadmill tests4 asmice normally could. The study at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology5 appeared in the journal Cell.词汇：breast/brest/n.胸部, 乳房,breastfeed/5brestfi：d/u.哺乳，喂奶hormone/5hC：mEun/n.激素，荷尔蒙therapy/5WerEpi/ n.疗法，治疗 receptor/ri5septE/n.接受器，感受器;受体estrogen/estrogen /5estrEdVEn/n..雌激素progesterone/prEu5dVestErEun/n.黄体酮，孕酮(孕激素类药) serving/ 5sE：viN/n.一份饭菜 process/prE5ses/vt.加工, 处理resveratrol /n.白藜芦醇(抗肿瘤药)compound/5kCmpaund/n.混合物;化合物;复合物treadmill/5tredmIl/n.(古时罚囚犯踩踏的)踏车;(喻)单调的工作genetics/dVi5netiks/n.遗传学/n.遗传学molecular/mEu5lekjulE/adj.分子的cellular/5seljulE/adj.细胞的cell/sel/n.细胞。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读理解练习3
2020年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读理解练习3U. S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high blood pressure,heart attacks and strokes,govemment health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than l，500 mg per day,yet most consume closer to 3，500 mg per day.The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l，500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3，436 mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged,processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide,16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks,the CDC said.31. Too much salt raises one's risk for _________.A. strokesB. heart attacksC. high blood pressureD. all of the above32. The recommended sodium intake for most U. S. adults is ________.A. closer t0 3，500 mg per dayB. as much as 3，436 mg per dayC. no more than l，500 mg per dayD. less than 3，500 mg per day33. A heart-healthy diet is one that contains ________.A. a low level of sodiumB. a lot of potassium and calciumC. no salt at allD. both A and B34. Nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups，________.A. for they are inactiveB. for they are black or over the age of 40C. for they frequently eat outD. for they consume sodium every day35. Packaged,processed and restaurant foods are known to beA. good in tasteB. low in priceC. poor in nutritionD. high in salt解析：31.D [解析]由第一段的People in the United States consume more than twice the recom. mended amount of salt，raising their risk flor high blood pressure，heart attacks and strokes，government health experts said on Thursday.可知，A、B、C都出现了，所以选D.32.C[解析]由第二段中…would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1，500 mgper day和第五段中…should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg o f sodium per day…可知，每天钠的摄入量不应超过1500毫克。
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读判断练习题(3)
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读判断练习题（3）NursesThe physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff.But they could not provide effective medical care totheir patients without the help of numerous other medical workers.From the angle of the patients,the nursing staff is particularly important.Nurses are usually in close contactwith patients as long as they are in the hospital.A nurse does not study for as many years as adoctor.However,each must be equally trained.Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern.Most nurses work long days,and they often must work at odd hoursor during the night.The nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite largeand various.Nursing services,after all,must be provided on a24-hour basis.There are professional （专业的）nurses,practical nurses,nurse's aids,and orderlies （勤杂工）。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读(3) scientists develop ways of detecting heart attackGerman researchers have___1___a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection1___2____ sudden death from cardiac arrest in germany alone around 100.000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases___3____ by disruption to the heart's rhythm. those most at risk are patients who have___4___ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing___5____disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. these devices___6____a range of functions, such as that of pacemakerheart specialists at freiburg's university clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanteddefibrillator___7_____of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ecg) within the body. this integrated system allows early diagnosis of___8____blood-tlow problems and a pending heart attack. it will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. meanwhile, researchers at the fraunhofer institute for applied mathematics inkaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ecg data___9___.the overwhelming___10 ____of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ecgs.“many of the current programsonly____11___into account a linear correlation of the data.we are, however, making use____12__ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system2." hagen knaf says,“____13___ changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individualvariations in patients taken into account3.”an old study of ecg data, based____14__600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show____15___the new software evaluates the data considerably better.词汇：defibrillator n去纤颤器overwhelming adj.压倒的pending adj.追近的，即将发生的 pacemaker n起搏器cardiac adj.心脏的 linear adj.线(性)的implant vt植入 arrest n停止electrocardiogram心电图render 提出…… correlation n相互关系disruption n.中断 chaotic adj. 混乱的注释：1…and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection. ：本句中aimed at是过去分词短语，作前面两个名词的定语，原意是“把目标瞄准……”，此处可译为“旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护的早期预报软件”。
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解3
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读理解3 HappinessA proverb allegedly (据说) from ancient China was widely spread in the West：“If you want to be happy for a few hours，go to get drunk;if you want the happiness to last three years，get married：if you want a lifetime happiness，take up gardening.”The reason fo r the last option is this：Gardening is not only useful;it helps you to identify yourself with nature，and thus brings you new joy each day besidesimproving your health.A research of a US university that I've read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feelcomfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one's life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory.Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure.But according to the study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhatlike a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.Happiness is a game balancing between two ends -- whatone has and what one wishes for, i.e. one's dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion：A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.1.Gardening can bring lifelong happiness becauseA.it is a profitable business.B.it can improve a gardener's ability to remake nature.C.a gardener can enjoy a very happy relationship in marriage.D.nature is an unexhausted source of joy2.The research of the US university found that most people feel happy when theyA.are at leisure.B.take the job of gardening.C.are after their goals.D.own great properties.3.Why does the writer mention "a man indulging in dreams of numerous lovers" (Lines 5 --6, Para. 3)?A.To demonstrate the problem in marriage in modern society.B.To illustrate a radical way to achieve happiness.C.To criticize those who do not value what they already have.D.To indicate that happiness covers something besides the desire to gain4.What kind of person is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?A.The one who has self-respect and confidence.B.The one who is ambitious without consideration of his actual situation.C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.D.The one who are ready to render help and accept help from others.5.What is happiness?A.A transitory state of mind.B.Getting everything what one desires.C.An all-working and no-leisure life.D.A desire based on our actual situation.参考答案：DCDBD。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解辅导及答案(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解辅导及答案（3）Crystal EarOne day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid."He certainly does," replied Jill.After hearing about a remarkable new product,Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if I'd ever thought about getting a hearing aid."No way,"I said."It would make me look 20 years older.No,no," she replied."This is entirely different.It's Crystal Ear！"Jill was right.Crystal Ear is different——not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid,but an advanced personal sound system so small that it's like contacts （隐形眼镜）for your ears.And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful,too.You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years.Crystal Ear will make speech louder,and the soundis pure and natural.I couldn't believe how tiny it is.It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and it's almost invisible when worn.There are no wires,no behind-the-ear device.Put it in your ear and its ready-to-wear mold （形状） fits comfortably.Since it's not too' loud or too tight,you may even forget that you're wearing it！ Use it at work or at play.And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations,use Crystal Ear only when you need it.Hearing loss,which occurs typically prior to teenage years,progresses throughout one's lifetime.Although hearing loss is now the world's number one health problem,nearly 90percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated.For many millions,treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous officevisits,expensive testing and adjustments to fit yourear.Thanks to Crystal Ear,the "sound solution" is now convenient.Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss,and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off （下降）,can be dramatically helped with CrystalEar.Moreover,its superior design is energy-efficient,so batteries can last months.Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier （放大器）。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读理解练习及答案(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读理解练习及答案（3）Giving Up SmokingA number of devices are available to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine （尼古丁） patches are small,nicotine-containing adhesive （粘着性的） discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream （血流）。
Over time,the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum （口香糖） works in a similar manner,providing small doses of nicotine when chewed （咀嚼）。
The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoker and easier admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report,the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine （可卡因）,alcohol,or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim.The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries,the cigarette tax rate is much higher,ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark.In the United States,the first direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read：“Warning： The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.” In 1971 all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television,and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places and workplaces.1 Which of the following can help a person quit smoking？A Reading cigarette advertisements.B Using nicotine patches.C Chewing ordinary gum.D Participating in social activities.2 Nicotine gum is used to help a smokerA reduce weight.B stop smoking.C clean his teeth.D absorb nicotine immediately.3 The benefits of giving up smoking include all the following EXCEPTA the formation of a good habit.B the reduction of expenses.C the reduction of harm to one's health.D easier access to institutions that ban smoking.4 Which of the following is said to be the most expensive and harmful？A Consuming alcohol.B Using heroin.C Taking cocaine.D Smoking cigarettes.5 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to control smoking？A Forbidding smoking in all public places.B Collecting a special tax on cigarettes.C Banning cigarette advertising from radio and TV.D Requiring a warning on each cigarette package.[参考答案]1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A。
2020年职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解练习题(3)
2020年职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解练习题（3）The Effects of Global Warming on WeatherThere are hidden factors which scientists call"feedback mechanisms".No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate.Here's one example： plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation（植物）may not keep up.Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a year—faster than trees can naturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by lions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.There are dozens of other possible"feedback mechanism".Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming.Others, like the"albedo" effect, will do the opposite.The"albedo" effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth's surface.As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes（戳）through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades.Delay will simply make the problemworse.The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are.In developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.Material progress has been linked to energy consumption.Today 75 percent of all the world's energy is consumed by a quarter of the world's population.The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen.The US, with just seven per cent of the global population, is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.41."Feedback mechanisms" in paragraph 1 most probably refer to ____________.A.how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsB.how plants and animals interact with the changing climateC.how climate changesD.how climate zones shift42.We can learn from the passage that ____________.A.some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warmingB.the basic facts of global warming are unknownC.developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuelsD.developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption43.James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by ____________.A.the cutting of many treesB.desirable environmental changesC.successful migration of speciesD.unsuccessful migration of trees44.It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.A.the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumptionB.a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 yearly to the atmosphereC.the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse gas emissionsD.future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels45.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? ____________A.Impact of global warming on climate.B.Prosperity and cheap fossil fuels.C.Material progress and energy consumption.D.Plants and animals in the changing climate.答案：41.B第一段中的“feedback mechanisms"的意思最可能是：A动植物是如何适合隐蔽因素的;B动植物是如何与持续变化的气候相互作用的;C气候是如何变化的;D气候带是如何迁移的。
2020年职称英语卫生类考试阅读理解练习(3)
2020年职称英语卫生类考试阅读理解练习（3）The Visually Impaired PersonVisual impairment (损害) carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one's physical andsocial environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established.Because observational skills are more limited,self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited.The visual impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one's surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment.The mental map is the best generated by moving through the environment and piecing togetherrelationships,object by object,in an organized approach.With little of no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map,a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired person to affirm their position in space.Mobility,on the other hand,is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one's physical and social environment.Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills.Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians (行人) they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person,there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after highschool.Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment.During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts,such asinside or outside,in front of or behind,fast or slow,movement of traffic,the variety of intersections,elevators or escalators,and so forth.These concepts are essential tosafe,efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings,first within buildings,then in residential neighborhoods,and finally in business communities.36.What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?A.Visual impairment and memory.B.The visually impaired person's physical and social environment.C.Mental development of the visually impaired person.D.Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired person.37.The visually impaired person's position in space .A.is not determined by memory but by physical landmarks and cluesB.is located in relation to other items in his mental mapC.enables him to construct the mental mapD.reinforces the mental map of his surroundings38.Mobility skills which the visually impaired person is learning refer to the ability .A.to travel as a dependent touristB.to travel as a pedestrian with a companyC.to travel as a pedestrian and a passengerD.to travel within the safe physical and social environment39.In the passage,the author insists that .A.visually impaired children go to school for survivalB.the needs and demands of visually impaired children expandD.preschool children receive the instruction in the concepts of time and space or objects and events40.How can we increase the visually impaired person餾ability to travel through his physical and social environment?A.By helping him develop adequate orientation andmobility skills.B.By teaching him to learn observational skills.C.By warning him of hazardous situations or obstacles.D By improving his visual ability.答案：DBCCA。
2020年职称英语考试：卫生类阅读判断练习题(3)
2020年职称英语考试：卫生类阅读判断练习题（3）A Pay Rise or Not?"Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city, about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deeptrouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises (加工资) for his workers Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keepmen like him Manley rubbed his forehead (前额); his problems seemed endless.1 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 If George took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family at Wyeford.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's company.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C。
2020年职称英语阅读理解卫生类练习(3)
2020年职称英语阅读理解卫生类练习(3) Different Phases of DeathModern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases -- clinical or temporary death and biologicaldeath.Clinical death occurs when the vital organs，such asthe heart or lungs.have cease to function，but have not suffered permanent damage.The organism can still be revived (复活).Biological death Occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues.Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alivebefore biological death occurs.The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism，combined with narcotic (麻醉的) sleep.By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢)，cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works，scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic.Then they surrounded her body with ice bags and began checking her body temperature.When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery (动脉).The monkey’sblood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped：clinical death set in.For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state.Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees.At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial respiration.After two minutes Keta’s heart become activeonce more.After fifteen minutes，spontaneous(自然产生的) respiration began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours，when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection，Keta seized the syringe (注射器) and ran with it around the room.Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.Which of the following statements about the person who suffers from the clinical death is trueA.He still has the possibility of getting back to life.B.He is dead forever.C.Most of his important organs have been damaged permanently.D.Most of the important organs can go on functioning with little damage准确答案：A解析：问题问的是：以下关于临床死亡的患者的说法哪个是准确的?从第一段的Clinical death occurs when the vital organs，such as the heart or lungs.have cease to function，but have not suffered permanent damage.The organism can still be revived.能够得出A的说法“他仍有复活的机会”准确2.Why do scientists try to make the time of clinical death longerA.They want to slow down the process of metabolism.B.They want to bring the damaged cells and tissues back to life.C.They want to delay the coming of biological death.D.They want to save more time to cool the organs准确答案：C解析：问题问的是：为什么科学家要尽可能延长临床死亡的时间?第二段Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong theperiod of clinical death so that the organism can remainalive before biological death occurs.提到了这样做是为了使器官在生物死亡来临前仍保持活跃的状态3.How did the scientists put the monkey into clinical deathA.By pumping blood into an artery in the direction of the heart.B.By surrounding her body with ice bags for a long time.C.By stopping her respiration and draining her blood.D.By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blood准确答案：D解析：问题问的是：科学家们怎样使猴子进入临床死亡状态?从第三段的The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic.Then they surrounded her body with ice bags and began checking her body temperature.When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery.The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped：clinical death set in.得出D是准确的选项。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读复习(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读复习(3)Migrant Workers移民工人In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the casein the Middle East,1 where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve localfacilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is not surprising that the pay is highto attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on eachother for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of thelack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complexand full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems ratherhan do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case , migrant workers acceptthis disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.在过去的20年，工人从一个国家到另一个国家的趋势越来越大。
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习3
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习3 Look After Your VoiceOften speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or, press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice, Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keen yourthroat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.If you sense that your are losing your voice, stoptalking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer.In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice.What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything,but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools, said, "We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter". Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits. If you are wiling to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.EXERCISE：1) To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned2) The first paragraph mention three ways of activating the saliva in the mouth.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned3) The writer suggests that you go to see a doctor when you feel you are losing your voice.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned4) The writer advice about alcohol before you make a speech is to take one or two drinks so as to give yourself some confidence.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned5) Due to the effect of alcohol, your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned6) Goethe often did outdoor skating and swimming.A) True B) False C) Not mentioned7) The writer cites Goethe to prove that one can change one's habits.A) True B) False C) Not mentionedKEY：B A B B A C A。
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2020年职称英语（卫生类）教材阅读理练习3Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger,especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2，276 lung cancer patients for fiveyears.Among them，l，483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report.However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However,local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day,I must stay in the kitchen to cook,"said Xu Li,a 45-year-old local woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin,but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition,but was closelyrelated to family cancer history,unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with he3."Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men,"said Dr Tan Binyong,honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time,6experts said.词汇：fume 烟，气，汽tumor（=tumour） n.肿瘤cancer癌瘤breast****，胸incidence发生（率）diagnosis诊断inhale秒。
吸人irritate使疼痛，刺激fry钐。
油炸，油煎unventilate使不通风adjacent.临近的dietary饮食的immune吐免疫的honorary名誉上的；荣誉的respiratory呼吸的stall货摊注释：plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦"，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示”主诉“。
2.adjacent to：与……相毗邻，临近……（地方）3.Other experts agreed with he.其他专家同意何医生的意见。
agree with sb：同意某人的意见。
agree with sth：同意什么东西。
agree to do sth：同意做什么事情。
4.by far the biggest cause：最的原因。
by far是用来做形容词级the biggest的状语，对形容词级起强调作用。
本来形容词级就已经是了，不过说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的“最最……”的意思。
5……warned people not to stand near of stalls selling……：警告人们不要站在卖……的货摊附近。
也能够说成"…… warned people off stalls selling……".6……if exposed to the fume for a long time：……如果长时间接触这种烟的话。
expose sb.to sth. 原意是“使…… （人）暴露于…… （物）”，但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……（物）"的意思。
此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于”if one is exposed to the fume for a long time".练习：1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers？A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older,especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger,especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai？A Heart disease.B Breast cancer.C Infectious diseases.D Lung cancer.3.What symptoms may be' complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term,close contact with cooking oil fumes？A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathin9.4.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer？A Happy.B Surprised.C Angry.D Careless5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer？A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Personal health and physical condition.答案与题解：1.D文章第二段明确提到，肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。