2012年度职称英语“卫生类”新增阅读理解和完形填空全文翻译(3月3日)

2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解
第八篇 Eat Healthy
"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;
23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.
词汇:
orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿
belly /'beli/ n.肚子
nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养
waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围
paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票
注释:
1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员
2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!
3. take too many bites 吃得太多
4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

5. It's just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a
good deal. 事情是这样的，美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工作下来，盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。

第八篇翻译吃健康
“清洁你的盘子！”和“清洁板俱乐部的成员！”只是在美国的每个孩子听到父母，祖父母或外祖父母。

通常情况下，它伴随着上诉：“试想想，在非洲的孤儿挨饿！”当然，我们应该感谢每一口食物。

不幸的是，在美国的许多人采取太多的叮咬。

而不是停留“清洁盘”，也许我们应该为明天保存一些食物。

据新闻报道，美国餐馆的部分原因归咎于日益增长的肚子。

一位服务员把一盘食物，在每个客户面前，用两到四倍由政府建议的数额，根据今日美国的故事。

美国人的传统与价值关联的数量和大多数餐馆尝试给他们。

他们喜欢有客户抱怨比太少而对过多的食物。

在宾夕法尼亚州立大学营养学教授芭芭拉·罗尔斯，告诉美国今天餐厅份量开始增长，在20世纪70年代，美国人的腰围开始扩大的同时。

健康专家们试图让许多餐馆为较小的部分。

显然，现在，一些客户要求这太。

餐饮业贸易杂志QSR品牌上个月公布的4000多名受访者中，有57％的人认为，餐厅服务，有过大的部分，23％没有意见，20％的受访者表示反对。

但仔细看看在调查表明，许多美国人谁买不起精美的餐饮还是比较喜欢大的部分。

70％的收入至少每年150,000元喜欢小部分，但只有45％的收入低于25000美元要小。

它不是工人阶级美国人不想吃的健康。

只不过，经过长时间的低薪工作，让他们的盘子少，似乎并不像一个很好的协议。

他们住的月光族，高兴地节省一点钱，为明年的圣诞礼物。

第十九篇 Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent
on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.
词汇：
dependency / di'pend?nsi/ n.依赖性
contemporary / k?n'temp?r?ri / α.现代的
obligation / ,?bli'ɡei??n / n. 义务
insurance / in'?u?r?ns / n. 保险
welfare / 'welfε? / n.福利
senile / 'si:nail / αdj. 衰老的
grave /ɡreiv / αdj. 严肃的
convalescent /,k?nv?'les?nt/ αdj.康复的
sponsor / 'sp?ns?/ v. 发起，资助
institution /,insti'tju:??n / n. 机构
注释:
1. Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population:延长人类生命的结果使得人口的数量有了增加。

句中的 prolonging human life是动名词短语。

由动名词短语作句子的主语时，句中动词必须用单数形式。

如 : Collecting stamps is his hobby.
2. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago:如果今天活着的很多人生于一百年以前，他们会死于各种儿童疾病。

3. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time:因为有更多的人寿命更长，所以在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就更多。

4. the dependency load: 抚养人口数量。

5. In times of famine: 在饥荒年代
6. go on welfare : 靠福利救济
go on 有许多意思，其中的一个意思是"依靠……过活"。

例:
Many people go on welfare when jobs become scarce.
(工作难找时，许多人靠政府救济金过日子。

)
7. grave problems: 严重的问题
8. convalescent hospitals: 康复医院;疗养院
9. profit-making organizations: 赢利机构
10. dumping grounds: 垃圾场
第十九篇翻译延长人类寿命
延长人类寿命增加的人口规模。

今天还活着的许多人已经死亡的儿童疾病，如果他们已诞生于100年前。

因为更多的人活得更长，在任何特定时间大约有更多的人。

事实上，它是死亡率下降，出生率增加，导致人口爆炸。

延长人类寿命也增加了依赖负荷。

在所有社会中，那些被禁用或太年轻或太老工作的人都依赖于社会其他成员，为他们提供。

在狩猎和采集文化，老人们谁不能跟上，可能会留下死亡。

在饥荒的时候，婴儿可能会允许死，因为他们无法生存，如果他们的父母饿死，而如果父母幸存下来，他们能有一个孩子。

在最现代的社会中，人们感到在道义上有义务保持活着的人，他们是否能工作或没有。

今天我们有一个伟大的许多人过去住在他们想要的工作或有工作能力的年龄，我们也有规则，要求人们在一定的年龄退休。

除非这些人能节省的钱为自己的退休生活，别人必须支持他们。

在美国，许多退休的人生活在社会的安全检查，这是这么少，他们必须住在附近的贫困。

老年人比年轻或中年的人有更多的疾病，除非他们有财富或私人或政府的保险，他们必须经常“福利”，如果他们有一个严重的疾病。

当老年人成为老年或过弱和生病照顾自己，他们创造他们的家庭的严重问题。

在过去，在一些传统的文化，他们将在家照顾，直到他们去世。

今天，一个家庭的工作或在学校的大部分成员，往往是家里没有一个人可以照顾生病或虚弱的人。

为了满足这种需求，已建成一个伟大的许多养老院和疗养院。

这些往往是非牟利机构，虽然有些是由宗教和其他非营利组织的赞助。

虽然几个好了这些机构的弧，其中大部分是简单的“垃圾场”在奄奄一息的“照顾”是由收入微薄，过度劳累，并根据技术人员。

*第二十四篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University5 and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from6 the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered11 recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment12 may contribute to the memory deficits13 that occur as people age." Convit says. "And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.14" Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
词汇：
perchance [p?'t?ɑ:ns] adv. 偶然；可能
online ['?nlain] n. 在线的
stow [st?u] vt. 贮藏，堆装
emanate ['em?neit] vi. 发源
somatosensory [,s?um?t?'sens?ri] adj. 体觉的
neocortex [,ni:?u'k?:teks] n. 新（大脑）皮质
oscillation [,?si'lei??n] n. 振荡
intertwine [,int?'twain] v. 缠绕
spindle ['spindl] n. 纺锤体
ripple ['ripl] n. 波动，脉动
diabetes [,dai?'bi:ti:z] n. 糖尿病
recollection [,rek?'lek??n] n. 回忆
shrinkage ['?ri?kid?] n. 收缩
impairment [im'p??m?nt] n. 损伤
intrigue [in'tri:ɡ] n. 引起。

兴趣（或好奇心）
cognition [k?ɡ'ni??n] n. 认识
注释：
1. file memories：归档并储存记忆。

file：意为 "to put or keep (papers,etc. ) in useful order for storage or reference"（把…归档）。

2. To sleep. Perchance to file? ：从莎士比亚笔下哈姆雷特的独白中的名句" To sleep: perchance to dream. "改编而来。

3. the Proceedings: (科学文献、会议文献)汇编，常用复数形式。

4. zzz：（拟声词）打鼾声
5. Rutgers University：美国新泽西州立大学 (the State University of New Jersey)。

6. emanating from：发源于。

7. neocortex：新(大脑)皮质，尤指大的高等哺乳动物大脑中新生长的部分，也叫做 neopallium。

neo-：前縀，意思是"新的"。

8. thehippocampus：大脑侧面脑室壁上的隆起物，也称"海马状突起"，在泛记过程中起主要作用。

9. tens of milliseconds：几十毫秒
10. age-associated memory decline：与年龄相关的记忆衰退
11. administer：实施
12. this impairment：指上句中 hippocampus shrinkage.
13. memory deficits：记忆衰退
14. … the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition：令人兴奋的可能性，即不断改善葡萄糖容许量可以完全改变对某些与年龄相关的认知问题。

15. keep glucose levels in check：限制葡萄糖水平。

in check：在控制中，被阻止。

第二十四篇翻译睡眠让大脑文件存储器
睡觉。

也许要提交吗？网上公布这个星期，由“国家科学院的研究结果进一步支持的理论，大脑组织，和stows白天形成的，而身体的其余部分正在迎头赶上ZZZ的回忆。

捷尔吉·罗格斯大学和他的同事Buzsaki分析睡眠小鼠和大鼠的脑电波。

具体来说，他们研究的体感皮层（处理感官信息的区域）和海马，这是一个学习和记忆中心产生的电活动。

科学家们发现，来自这两个地区的脑电波的振荡出现交织在一起。

所谓的睡眠纺锤（从大脑皮层活动的阵阵）随访，后来被在涟漪称为海马的节拍几十毫秒。

该小组断定，这两个大脑区域之间的相互作用是记忆巩固的关键一步。

第二项研究，网上公布的这一周，链接年龄相关的记忆力下降，高血糖水平的国家科学院论文集。

以前的研究表明，患有糖尿病的人遭受增加内存问题。

安东尼奥Convit的纽约大学医学院和他的合作者在新的工作，研究了30人，其平均年龄为69，以调查是否血糖水平，这往往会随着年龄的增加，以及影响在健康人的记忆。

管理科学家回忆测试，脑部扫描和糖耐量试验，测量的速度有多快糖从血液中吸收人体的组织。

的研究小组发现，与最贫穷的记忆回忆的主题，也显示了最贫穷的糖耐量。

此外，他们的大脑扫描结果显示，多学科能够更好地吸收血液中糖的海马萎缩。

“我们的研究表明减值，这可能会导致记忆障碍，随着人们年龄的发生。

” convit 说。

“提出了有趣的可能性，改善糖耐量，可逆转”运动和控制体重的问题在一些年龄相关的认知，可以帮助保持血糖水平在检查，所以可能会有更多的理由去健身房。

+第三十四篇Who Want to Live Forever?
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?
Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend
to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."
词汇:
mice / mais / n. 老鼠(复数)
sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹
bioethicist // n. 生物伦理学家
注释:
1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹
2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点，这里的it指代前面讲的 anti-ageing technology.
第三十四篇翻译想活到永远？
如果你的医生可以给你一种药物，将让你活了两倍长的健康生活，你会采取什么？
好消息是，我们可以借鉴接近当日，科学家已经在实验室延长苍蝇，蠕虫和老鼠的生命。

现在，许多人认为，利用基因疗法，我们将很快能够延长人类寿命至少140年。

这似乎是一个伟大的想法。

认为我们可以花多少时间追逐我们的梦想，花时间与我们的亲人，看我们的家庭成长，并有自己的家庭。

“寿命更长，给我们一个机会，从我们的错误，恢复和促进长远思维，格雷戈里博士说：”美国加州大学公共健康学院的联合。

“这也将加入到今年，我们可以提高生产力。

”
更长的生命不只是影响的人住。

他们还影响到整个社会。

“我们有战争，贫困，各种围绕问题，我不认为他们将在所有帮助人长寿，”美国生物伦理学家丹尼尔·卡拉汉说，“现在的问题是什么，我们得到一个社会吗？“我怀疑它不会成为一个更美好的社会。

”这当然是一个非常不同的社会。

人们已经发现，更难以维持婚姻。

离婚率上升。

会发生什么，在社会里，人们住140年的婚姻？如果9个或10个同一家族的几代人都在相同的时间活着，家庭生活会发生什么？
进入老龄化的研究，可能使妇女能够保持更长的沃土。

并提出了有100岁的父母或兄弟姐妹出生相隔50年来的发展前景。

我们认为，作为年长的兄弟姐妹有人可以保护我们，并提供帮助和建议。

这将是很难做到的，如果从一个完全不同的一代，兄弟姐妹。

工作寿命也将受到影响，尤其是如果退休年龄被解除。

更多的人会留在工作更长的时间。

这将使我们的年龄，技能，智慧和良好的判断力的好处。

另一方面，越来越多的人工作更长的时间，将创造更大的就业竞争。

它会使年轻人更难找到工作。

高层职位将主要由相同的几个人，事业进步更加困难。

以及如何轻松地将一个25岁的雇员能够与125岁的老板沟通？
年轻人将是一个社会的一小部分在其中的人活到140岁。

这可能是因为这样的社会将放
在引导和教育年轻人，更使生活舒适的老的少的重要性。

和社会都会感到非常不同，如果其成员多是老年人。

会有更多的智慧，但较少的能源。

年轻人喜欢走动。

老人喜欢坐不住了。

青年人往往不加思索地采取行动。

老人们往往认为没有采取行动。

年轻人很好奇，想体验不同的东西。

老人们改变的热情。

事实上，他们什么都不太热心。

抗衰老技术的效果是比我们想象的更深。

但是，随着科学的进步，我们现在需要考虑这些变化。

“丹尼尔·卡拉汉说：”如果这不可能发生，那么我们最好问我们希望得到什么样的社会，。

“我们最好不要靠近它的任何地方，直到我们有这些问题弄清楚了。

”
+第四十篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent ，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions ，spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt ，both because they like the taste of saltiness more ，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said Hayes. "Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods， more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. "
However ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese ，Hayes noted. "For example ，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk ，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt ," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee ，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result ，Hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
"Some people ，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. "he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. "
词汇:
publicize / 'p?blisaiz / v. 引起公众对…的注意;(用广告)宣传
dietary / 'dai?teri / adj. 饮食的;规定食物的
ferment / 'f?:ment / v. (使)发酵
geneticist / d?i'netisist / n. 遗传学家
acuity / ?'kju:iti / n. 敏锐;尖锐
注释:
1. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences: 即Penn State University-College of Agricultural Sciences 宾州州立大学农学院。

Penn 是Pennsylvania 的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。

宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有 24 个分校。

在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences 用作定语，修饰 food scientist。

2. well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food:有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.
3. left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others:使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。

fare 相当于 food。

4. lead investigator:研发项目负责人
5. …carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and chips，on multiple occasion ，spread out over weeks:……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝加了盐的食物，如汤和薯条。

6. too pronounced:此处pronounced 为形容词，意为very noticeable ，conspicuous(明显的，显著的)。

7. supertasting：超重味感
第四十篇翻译一些人其他人一样没有味道的盐
低盐食品可能比其他人更难一些人喜欢，根据一项由宾夕法尼亚州立大学农业科学学院食品科学家的研究。

研究表明，遗传因素的影响盐的水平，我们喜欢吃的一些差异。

这些结论是重要的，因为最近，广泛宣传努力减少食品中的含盐量都留下了许多人挣扎
着接受加价，根本不口感好它们，因为它给别人指出，食物的助理教授约翰·海斯，科学，谁是这项研究的首席研究员。

高盐饮食可以增加血压高和中风的风险。

这就是为什么公共健康专家和食品公司正在研究如何通过愉快吃的食物，帮助消费者降低盐的摄入量。

这项研究增加了解盐偏好和消费。

参与研究的仔细甄别谁采样过咸的食物，如汤和薯条，在多个场合，遍布周的参与者。

测试对象为45个男子和42名女性，据报道，健康，年龄从20至40年不等。

谁不积极改变他们的饮食中摄取的个人组成的样本，并没有抽烟。

他们常用的科学规模评价的味道的强度，范围从几乎检测不到任何形式的感觉最强。

“我们最喜欢的盐味。

然而，有些人吃多盐，无论是因为他们喜欢咸味更多的味道，还因为它是需要阻止其他食物中的不愉快的味道。

”海耶斯说。

“Supertasters，谁遇到口味更强烈的人，消耗更多的盐比味觉迟钝。

有咸味作为其主要的风味小吃食品，至少这些食物，更多的是更好的，所以supertasters似乎他们更喜欢。

”
海耶斯指出，然而，supertasters还需要更高水平的盐，以阻止不愉快的苦味的食物，如奶酪。

“他说，”举例来说，奶酪是从牛奶发酵乳制品口味的美妙结合，但也从苦味，熟盐阻塞。

“supertasters发现低盐奶酪不愉快的，因为太明显的辛酸。

”
海耶斯专利超过75年前的研究做了一个名为福克斯和名为布莱克斯利遗传学家化学家，表明个人在他们品尝到某些化学物质的能力不同。

因此，海耶斯解释，我们知道，在品味视力广泛存在，眼睛和头发的颜色变化，这种变化是正常的。

“他说。

”，称为supertasters，有些人形容为极苦苦味化合物，而其他人，称为nontasters，发现这些相同的苦味化合物是无味或只有微弱的苦。

“苦味化合物的反应是生理上的差异，以确定在食物偏好，因为supertasting是不是有限的，以苦的许多方法之一。

”
卫生类完形填空
第二篇Going on a diet
*第八篇Old And Active
+第十二篇Dreams
+第十四篇 A Health Profile
+第十五篇 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
2012年职称英语卫生类新增完形填空
第二篇 Going on a diet
A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating2_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3______weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5______behind going on a diet.
6______，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then 7______ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the
key to 8______ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10______the number of calories you can consume per day. Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12______a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.
词汇：
typical / 'tipik?l /α. 典型的，有代表性的
calory / 'k?l?ri / n. 卡路里
consume / k?n'sju:m / v. 消耗，消费，耗尽 (燃料、能量、时间等)
sensible / 'sens?bl /α. 明智的，合情理的，切合实际的
consistent / k?n'sist?nt /α. 一贯的，始终如一的
reminder / ri'maind? / n. 令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西
accomplish/ ?'k?mpli? / v. 完成，实现，做成功
注释:
1. ...diets don't work for most people . . . :……节食并不是对大多数人都奏效……
2. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can…:你可以在看电视的时候骑自行车或者你可以......
第二篇翻译去节食
一个典型的人需要约每天1800卡路里来维持生计。

这些热量，让你的心1_______and你的肺部呼吸。

他们让你的的机关operating2_______and，你的大脑运行。

他们还保持身体温暖。

一个人3______weight因为他或她每天消耗超过所需的热量。

唯一的方式来减肥是，以4______the你每天消耗的卡路里的数量。

这是基本的饮食5______behind。

6______，饮食不工作的大多数人。

他们不减肥，但7______饮食，并把它放回。

建立一个合理的饮食和运动计划是一致的重量8______的关键。

你需要弄清楚多少卡路里，你需要一天，你有多少9______采取下一步是添加，锻炼，让您可以10______the每天消耗的热量，你可以数。

运动的图表可以显示你多少卡路里，不同11______of锻炼能燃烧。

每天燃烧250或500卡路里的热量可以12______a很大的区别。

你可以骑自行车锻炼，而你正在看电视或可以13______的楼梯而不要乘电梯。

找到一个锻炼14______。

运动可以是一个容易得多，如果有什么人在说话。

公司合身的衣服穿，如果你节食，这是一个好主意。

15______clothing提醒你试图完成的行为。