2019专八真题讲座听力文本(20201004181125).docx

2019 专八真题听力练习Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I‘d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. We ’re really fascinated with body language, andparticularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re someti interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybevery awkward wink, or handshake.So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in1___________________ — that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what theyare. In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about2________. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you arebasically opening up. And ?and humans do the same thing. So they do this whenthey ’re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting becauseit really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example,when athletes cross the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’v seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightlylifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite.3_________________________. We make ourselves small. We don want’tto bumpinto the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high andlow power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement theother ’s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, wetend to 4__________________________________.We don’5t________________.We do the opposite.I’mwatching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. Inotice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They getright into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to6________________. When they sit down, they ’7re sort of . Theyraise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when theycome in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on theirfaces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves8________, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. Ialso notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likelyto do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselvessmall. Women feel chronically习惯性地_9_______________ than men, so this isnot surprising.bodies. But is it also true that 10___________________________________________?And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what doI mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理学上的things that make upour thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful peopletend to be, not surprisingly, 11____________________________________________.They actually feel that they ’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to beable to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot ofdifferences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominancehormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is alsoabout 12________________.Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run thatlittle experiment.These people adopted,for two minutes,either13______________________ or14__________________________________. We,for two minutes, say, “Youneed to do this or this.And ”we also want them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will ask them “How powerful do you feel?”on a series of items, and then we 15________________________________________. Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test. That ’s the whole experiment.And this is what we have found—16___________________________, which is17________.What we find is that when you ’re 18_________________________________________, 86 percent of you will gamble.When you ’re19_________________________________________, it’s down to only 60 percent, and that’as pretty significant difference. Here ’swhat we find on 20___________________________. From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20 percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning21___________________________, high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people experience about a15percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changesthat configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or -really stress- reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we ’veall had that feeling,right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel aboutourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a fewminutes really changes your life in meaningful ways.When I tell people about this, that that our bodies change our minds, and our mindscan change our behavior, and 22_____________________________________,they say to me,“I don’t believe that. It feels fake. Right?”so I said,ke it.”I‘mgoing to live you with this. Before you go into the next stressful“fak evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, inthe elevator, or at your desk behind closed doors and say to yourself“that’sI whatwant to do. ”Configure your brain to_23_______________ in that situation. Getyour dominance hormone up, and get your stress hormone down. Don’tleave thatsituation feeling like, oh , I didn’t show them who I am. Leave that situation feelinglike, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.To sum up, today, we talk about the “nonverbalexpressions of power anddominance ”and the strong effects of the change of behaviorsuggest.I you try powerposing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok,next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.2019 专八真题听力练习 Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I‘d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. We ’re really fascinated with body language, andparticularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re someti interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybevery awkward wink, or handshake.So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in powerdynamics — that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what arenonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are. In theanimal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about expanding.So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are basicallyopening up. And ? and humans do the same thing. So they do this when they’refeeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it reallyshows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, whenathletes cross thefinish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’ve never s anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted.But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up.We make ourselves small. We don’t want to bump into the person next to us. And thisis what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to dowhen it comes to power is that we complement the other’s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. Wedon ’t mirror them. We do the opposite.I’mwatching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. Inotice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They getright into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want tooccupy space. When they sit down, they’re sort of spread out. They raise their handshigh. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as soonas they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and theirbodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny, and they will notfully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also notice another interestingthing about his. It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing thanmen. I mean women are more likely to make themselves small. Women fell chronically习惯性地 less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.bodies. But is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, inthe case of the powerful, what do I mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological 生理学上的 things that make up our thoughts and feelings,and in my case, that ’hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of thepowerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly,more assertive and more confident, more optimistic. They actually feel that they’regoing to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think moreabstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of differences between powerfuland powerless people. Physiologically,there also are differences on two keyhormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is dominance hormone. What wefind is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and lowstress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about how you reactto stress.Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run thatlittle experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses orlow- power poses. We, for two minutes, say,“You need to do this or this.”And w want them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will askthem“How powerfuldo you feel?”on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble.Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test.That ’s the whole experiment.And this is what we have found — risk tolerance, which is gambling. What wefind is that when you ’rein the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you willgamble. When you ’re in the low-power pose condition, it own ’tos onlyd 60 percent,and that ’s a pretty significant difference. Here’s what we find on dominance hormon From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease. Soagain, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning stress hormone,high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power peopleexperience about a 15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to thesehormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confidentor -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we’ve all had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feelabout ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a fewminutes really changes your life in meaningful ways.When I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our mindscan change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me,“I don’t believe that. It feels fake. Right?”so I said,“fake it till you make it. going to live you with this. Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation,for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, or at yourdesk behind closed doors and say to yourself“that’sI w anthat to do.Configure ”your brain to do the best in that situation. Get your dominance hormone up, and getyour stress hormone down. Don’t leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didnthem who I am. Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.To sum up, today, we talk about the“nonverbalexpressions of power and dominance ”and the strong effects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power posing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok, next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.。