2019专八真题讲座听力文本(20201004181125).docx

2019 专八真题听力练习Body language and mind

Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I‘d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. We ’re really fascinated with body language, and

particularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re someti interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe

very awkward wink, or handshake.

So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in

1___________________ — that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.

And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they

are. In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about

2________. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are

basically opening up. And ?and humans do the same thing. So they do this when

they ’re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because

it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example,

when athletes cross the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’v seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly

lifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite.

3_________________________. We make ourselves small. We don want’tto bump

into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and

low power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the

other ’s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we

tend to 4__________________________________.We don’5t________________.

We do the opposite.

I’mwatching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I

notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They get

right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to

6________________. When they sit down, they ’7re sort of . They

raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they

come in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their

faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves

8________, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I

also notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likely

to do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselves

small. Women feel chronically习惯性地_9_______________ than men, so this is

not surprising.

bodies. But is it also true that 10___________________________________________?

And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what doI mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理学上的things that make up

our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people

tend to be, not surprisingly, 11____________________________________________.

They actually feel that they ’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be

able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of