Iceberg Principle冰山原则PPT课件

.
8
Background
Being a reporter laid a good foundation for Hemingway’s “iceberg principle”. His terseness and accuracy had some in common with the language used in news report. Nevertheless, he didn’t lose his personality in such a strict regulations of words, on the contrary he created his own special language style.
Iceberg Principle
海明威的“冰山原则”创作理论
.
1
Outline
1
Origin and Definition
2
Background
3
Methods and Representative examples
4
Development and Influence
.
2
1
Origin and Definition
--Ernest Hemingway in the Death in the Afternoon
.
4
Definition
The theory of omission
所谓“冰山原则”，就 是用简洁的文字塑造出鲜明 的形象，把自身的感受和思 想情绪最大限度的埋藏在形 象之中，使之情感充沛却含 而不露、思想深沉而隐而不 晦，从而将文学的可感性与 可思性巧妙的结合起来，让 读者对鲜明形象的感受去发 掘作品的思想意义。
.
3
Origin
If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A writer who omits things because he dose not know them only makes hollow places in his writing.
conveyeMd anmwoirteh andiarxeec-t-拿e着mo板tio斧n,的si人nc（eri简ty,练r文eal风ism） and
naturalism than any other writer.
简洁直白的文字塑造了形象，白描式的形象包含 了丰富的情感，而情感之中蕴涵着深刻的思想。
.
5wk.baidu.com
Definition
简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻 的思想是构成”冰山原则”的四个基本要素。具体 地说，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”，而情感 和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。前两者是具体可见 的，后两者是寓于前两者之中的。文字塑造了形象， 形象包含了情感，而情感之中蕴涵着思想。诚然， 就一般文学作品而言，这四个要素都是必不可少的， 但在海明威的作品中显得尤为突出，因为他强调了 情感和思想的含蓄性。
.
11
Methods
1 作品构造与文字表达：
海明威的“冰山原则”首先表现在对语言的运用上，即简约 的文字。在容易被读者察觉的“八分之一”的文字表达里， 客观的叙述，直观的描写，将文字节俭到吝啬的地步。在海 明威的作品中，我们见不到过多的形容词、副词等修饰性言 辞。他总是用近乎直白的描述，展示人物及人物的处境，利 用名词的准确性和动词的生动性刻画其人物，使读者根据自 身的经验及情感来填充作品的解读空间。
informaHtioenimionfgwthaey'sstocraymuernadeeryeth--e镜b头elie式f t描ha写t omission can
sometimes add strength to a narrative. Hemingway's genre of writing was short, terse, masculine and journalistic. But it
.
9
Methods and Reprezentative
3
Examples
.
10
Methods
Key words:
He emphSaysmizebsotlhisemro--le象o征f im手p法lication, which is, in fact, the basis
of his works, in which he would leave out essential
.
6
2
Background
.
7
Background
The need to completely change the florid style of literature in the 19th century Victorian era.
Hemingway’s years’ life experiences and his way of thinking about lives. In Hemingway’s point of view, wars, succeeded by an unstable society, brought about unprecedented disasters to human beings. Wars contributed to Hemingway’s basic views on the human society and as well set a dull and gloomy tone for his early works.