曼哈顿语法第六版-总结

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0Llxtn《--英语六级语法总结--》

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔三、语法部分(一) 名词的单复数(二) 冠词(三) 数词(四) 代词/不定代词(五) 形容词和副词的比较等级(六) 时态和语态(七) 情态动词(八) 非谓语动词(九) 独立主格结构(十) 复合句(十一) 主谓一致(十二) 倒装(十三) 虚拟语气三、语法部分（一）名词的单复数可数名词1. 规则变化：一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es。

一般情况下在名词词尾加-s。

如：map—maps 地图; bag—bags 书包以s, sh, ch, x 等结尾的词加-es。

如：bus—buses 公共汽车; watch—watches 手表以ce, se, ze, (d)ge 等结尾的词加-s。

如：license—licenses 执照; house—houses 房子以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i 再加-es。

如：baby-babies 婴儿; party—parties 政党以元音字母+y 结尾的词直接加s。

如：boy—boys 男孩; toy—toys 玩具以-f 或-fe 结尾的词一般变为-ves。

如：knife—knives 小刀; thief—thieves 小偷以辅音+o 结尾的词加-es。

如：potato—potatoes 土豆; hero—heroes 英雄以元音+o 结尾的词加-s。

如：radio—radios 收音机；zoo—zoos 动物园以-th 结尾的名词，加-s。

如：path—paths 小路; month—months 月此外，有些以辅音+o 结尾的词仍需加-s 如：photo—photos 照片; piano—pianos 钢琴2. 不规则变化有一些名词的复数形式不是以词尾加-s 或-es 构成，如：变内部元音：foot—feet 脚; mouse—mice 老鼠; tooth—teeth 牙齿; man—men 男人词尾加-en：child—children 孩子; ox-oxen 牛单复数同形：deer—deer 鹿; fish—fish 鱼; sheep—sheep 羊外来词：phenomenon—phenomena 现象; criterion—criteria 标准不可数名词不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。

GMAT Manhat n语法笔记 Qiu总结

qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcv bnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio pasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwe rtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiop asdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghj klzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg Manhattan 语法总结 GMAT SC 小总结2015/8/20 Qiu~~~目录Chapter 2 GRAMMAR & MEANNING (4)2.1 Grammar:保证句子是符合规则的 (4)2.2 Meaning :是否真的说出了作者的意图。

(4)Chapter 3 SCENTENCE STRUCTURE (5)3.1 主语和动词必须要一起存在 (5)3.2 主谓一致 (5)3.3 去除中间部分，只留主干。

(5)3.4 用结构去决定 (5)3.5 建立复杂句子 (5)3.6 两个独立分分句 (5)3.7 Adding modifiers（增加修饰词） (5)Chapter 4 MODIFIERS (6)4.1形容词和副词 (6)4.2 名词修饰词（也就是修饰名词或者代词） (6)4.3副词式形容词（就是作用跟副词有点像） (7)4.4 Which VS 现在分词-ing (8)4.5 修饰词vs 核心 (8)4.6 Quantity (9)Chapter 5 PARALLELISM (9)5.1平行信号词 (10)5.2平行元素 (10)5.3 Superficial 平行＆Actual 平行 (11)5.4 AND的重要性 (11)5.5 3- or 4-Item Lists (12)5.6 Idioms with Built-in Parallel Structure (13)5.7 Parallel Meaning (13)CHAPTER 6 COMPARISION (13)6.1比较信号词 (14)6.2省略词 (14)6.3LIKE VS AS (15)6.4比较级和最高级 (15)Chapter 7 PRONOUNS (16)7.1代词 (16)7.2先行词要存在且有意义 (16)7.3单复数一致 (16)7.4最常用的：IT ITS THEY THEM THEIR (17)7.5This that these those (17)7.6某些ambiguity 是被允许的 (17)CHAPTER 8 VERB (17)8.1一般时态 (18)8.2要让时态反应句意 (18)8.3完成时态 (18)8.3.1过去完成时：更早的动作 (18)8.3.2现在完成时：现在与过去的桥梁 (19)8.4-ing修饰词：跟着main verb (20)8.5 Present to Future or Past to Conditional (20)8.6主动和被动 (20)CHAPTER 10 EXTRA 1:MEANING STRUCTURE MODIFIERS (21)10.1别太短 (21)10.2复合主语 (21)10.3标点 (21)10.4集合名词：找线索 (22)10.5不定代词 (22)10.6Each 和Every (23)10.7数量词和短语 (23)10.8主语短语和主语从句通常是单数。

GMAT Manhattan SC Note 曼哈顿SC笔记汇总

Chapter 3 Sentence Structure
Subject and verb must both exists, make sense together, and agree in number.
Compound subjects are always plural and must be connected by and. Lin and Guy drive to work. Lin, as well as Guy, drives to work.
command have authority from voters person from species that originated in variety of varying speed or frequency of prices for seek to accomplish experiment with
后续每天分析 3-5 题 SC： 1、重做一遍 2、先分析排除理由，再对照 OG 补充自己的分析 3、总结考点 4、制作 flash cards for clues/markers/grammar issues
Chapter 2 Grammar & Meaning
Focus your efforts on grammar and meaning.
Chapter 4 Modifiers
Adjective: Modify a noun Adverbial: Mofify anything else other than a noun
The semicolon is often followed by a transition expression, such as however/therefore/in addition. The semicolon connects two related independent clauses, but the second does not necessarily explain the first.

Manhattan语法重点摘录+附录分析+难点

Manhattan 语法重点摘录+附录分析+难点语法题重点摘录第一章、概要...................................................................... ............................................. 2 第二章、语法和含义 ..................................................................... ................................... 3 第三章、主谓搭配 ..................................................................... . (5)第四章、平行 ..................................................................... ............................................ 8 第五章、代词 ..................................................................... ........................................... 11 第六章、修饰 ..................................................................... ...........................................13 第七章、动词的时态、语气和表达 ..................................................................... ...........20 第八章、比较...................................................................... ............................................26 第十章、零碎知识 ..................................................................... (27)1)ConnectingWords .................................................................. (27)2)connectingpunctuation ............................................................ . (28)3)Quantity ......................................................... .....................................................29 第十一章、简洁，主谓，平行(高阶) .................................................................... .. (30)第十二章、介词和修饰(高阶)..................................................................... .................35 第十三章、动词与比较(高阶) .................................................................... . (40)感谢CD为我提供了这么多的资源，也希望这篇精简能帮到更多的为梦想奋斗的CDer。

manhattan语法笔记

Manhattan语法笔记By SheilaChapter 1 Sentence correction Basics Understand the Sentence, Then Split the Answer 理解句意后，给选项分类1.读原句，完全理解句子(discrepancy; leap out)2.垂直浏览选项以分类(split; local; totally)3.选择一个容易的类别开始(ideally; herring)4.在第一类别中作出决定(resolve)5.写下ABCDE，删掉你排除的选项(bullet)6.重新分类剩下的选项，直到只剩下一个answer为止7.把选项放入原句中看是否正确(aversion)Put Your Answer Back In 把答案放入检查GMAT总是把重要的单词放在离划线部分很远的地方。

Chapter 2 Grammar & MeaningGrammar: 句子坚持的标准书面英语规则Meaning: 正确的答案能够解决原句中模棱两可的意思，但不应该改变作想要表达的意思Meaning: Choose Your Words 选择合适的单词1.Cousin words and expressions:economic (monetary) economical (thrifty; efficient)aggravate (worsen) aggravating (irritating)known as (named) known to be (acknowledge as)loss of (no longer in possession of) loss in (decline in value)mandate (command) have a mandate (have authority form voters) native of (person from) native to (species that originated in)range of (variety of) ranging (varying)rate of (speed or frequency of) rates for (prices for)rise (general increase) raise (a bet or a salary increase in American English) try to do (seek to accomplish) try doing(experiment with)2. Helping Verbs:注意情态动词！只交换情态动词就会改变句子意思。

GMAT SC Manhatten曼哈顿语法总结(770NN)

GMAT SC Manhatten曼哈顿语法总结(770NN)目录Subject-verb agreement (7)Fragment: Subject and verb must both exist (7)Sense: Subject and verb must make sense together (8)Number agreement: Subject and verb must agree in number (9)Additive phrases (9)Or, either…or, neither…nor: nearest . 9Collective nouns: almost alwayssingular (9)Indefinite pronouns: usually singular.9SANAMM words: some; any; none; all;more; most; (9)Each and every (9)Quantity words and phrases (9)Subject phrases and clauses: alwayssingular (10)Parallelism (10)Parallel markers (10)Parallel elements (11)You can split apart the expressions:.. 12Parallel clauses should start with thesame word (12)Lists with AND (13)Idioms with parallel structure (13)Superficial parallelism vs. actual parallelism (13)Watch out for linking verbs (14)Treat any linking verb as a parallelmarket. (14)And they have to make sense (15)Pronoun (15)Antecedent must exist: as a noun (15)Antecedent and pronoun must make sense together (15)The antecedent must be unambiguous (16)The antecedent and pronoun must agree in number (16)Pronoun case (16)Watch out for parallelism (16)’s is often poor antecedent (17)The deadly five: it, its, they, them, their (17)This, that, these, and those (18)Adjectives: (18)New copy (18)Agree in number with previous version (18)This, these, that, and those cannot beused as nouns. (18)Modifiers (19)Adjectives and adverbs (19)Adjective + adjective + noun (19)Adverb + adjective + noun (19)Noun modifiers (20)Misplaced modifier (21)Dangling modifier (21)Modifiers have to make sense (22)Noun modifiers with relative clause.. 22Essential vs. non-essential nounmodifiers (23)Verb modifiers (23)Verb tense, mood and voice (25)Tense (25)Simple tense (25)Progressive tense (25)Keep verb tense consistent (25)Present perfect: still in effect (26)Past perfect: the earlier action (26)Tense sequence (27)The subjunctive mood (28)Hypothetical subjunctive (28)If...then constructions (28)The command subjunctive (29)Active voice vs. passive voice (31)Comparisons (32)Keeping comparisons parallel (32)Comparisons must be logically parallel (32)Comparisons must be structurallyparallel (33)Omitted words (33)Comparative and superlative forms (34)Idioms (35)Odds and ends (55)Connecting words (55)Connecting punctuation (57)Comma (57)Semicolon (58)Colon (59)Dash (59)Quantity (60)Advanced strategy: GMC/S-V/PARALLELISM (61)Concision: specific patterns of wordiness (61)Pattern 1: prefer a verb to an actionnoun (61)Pattern 2: prefer a That-clause (withverbs) to a series of phrases (withnouns) (63)Pattern 3: prefer a verb to an adjective. (63)Pattern 4: prefer an adjective to anoun (64)Pattern 5: prefer an adverb to aprepositional phrase (65)Pattern 6: prefer an adjective to anadjective clause with be (65)Pattern 7: r emove IT IS...THAT (66)Concision: don’t make it too short (66)Pattern1: keep the prepositionalphrase if you need to (66)Pattern2: keep THAT OFor THESEOF if you need to (68)Pattern 3: keep THAT after areporting verb (68)Parallelism: concrete nouns and action nouns (69)Infinitives (71)Adjectives and participles: (71)Advanced strategy: pronouns and modifiers (72)Other pronouns (72)There (72)Itself, themselves: (73)DO SO versus DO IT (73)Placeholder IT (73)1. Postpone infinitive subjects (73)2. Postpone That-clause subjects (74)3. Postpone infinitive or That-clauseobjects (74)Nuances of pronoun reference: (74)Modifiers: Exceptions to the Touch Role (75)1. Mission Critical modifier (75)2. A very short predicate falls between,shifting a very long modifier back (75)3. A short non-essential phraseintervenes and is set off by comas. (76)4. The modifier is part of a seriesparallel modifiers, one of whichtouches the noun. (76)Possessive Nuances (76)Subgroup modifiers (77)More on relative clauses vs. participles (77)Absolute phrases (78)Advanced strategy: Verbs & comparisons (80)Helping verbs: BE, DO and HA VE (80)Infinitives (82)Gerunds (83)Participles (84)When to use which word (85)More on LIKE and AS (86)Numbers in comparisons (88)Other comparison constructions (89)Subject-verb agreementFragment: Subject and verb must both exist.Missing of working verb: The electron named in 1894.Connecting word and no main clause: Because the dog was never mine/ Which will be approvedtomorrow.Sense: Subject and verb must make sense together.Wrong: The proliferation of computer games designed to involve many players at once were first developed before the widespread availability of high-speed internet connections. Right: Computer games designed to involve many players at once have proliferated; such games were first developed before the wide spread availability of high-speed internet connections.Number agreement: Subject and verb must agree in numberAdditive phrasesOr, either…or, neither…nor: nearestCollective nouns: almost always singularIndefinite pronouns: usually singularSANAMM words: some; any; none; all; more; most;Some of the money was stolen from my wallet; Some of the papers were stolen from the bank. 另外如同majority minority plurality 等词也是要看情况的Each and everyEvery dog and cat has paws.Each of these shirts is pretty.They each are great tennis players.Quantity words and phrasesA number ofThe number ofSubject phrases and clauses: always singularHaving good friends is a wonderful thing. Whatever they want to do is fine with me.ParallelismParall el markersMarkers StructuresAnd X and YX, Y and ZBoth/and Both X and YOr X or YEither/or Either X or YNot/but Not X but YNot only/but also Not only X but also YRather than X rather thanYFrom/to From X to YParall el el ementsElements ExamplesNouns Her expressionreflected both angerand relief.Adjectives The park was neitheraccessible noraffordable.We collected bothsecond and third-gradebooks.Verbs The custodian cleanedthe basement andwashed the windows. Infinitives We would like not onlyto hear your side of thestory but also toprovide a response. Participles The actor left quickly,shunning fans andPrepositional It was important toleave the money in thedrawer rather than onthe table. Subordinate clauses They contended thatthe committee wasbiased and that itshould be disbanded. You can split apart the expressions:The division was opening offices, hiring staff and investing in equipment.The railroad can either lose more money or solve its problems.They wanted to increase awareness, spark interest, and motivate purchases.Parallel clauses should start with the same wordWrong: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and that has low taxes.Right: I want to retire to a place where I can relax and where the taxes are low.Wrong: Ralph likes both those who are popular and who are not.Right: Ralph likes both those who are popular and those who are not.Lists with ANDBe careful as you tally items:Wrong: She argues that the agency acts with disregard for human life and property and reckless abandon and it should therefore be shut down.Right : She argues that the agency acts with reckless abandon and with disregard for human life and property and that is should therefore be shut down.Idioms with parall el structureSuperficial parallelism vs. actual parall elismWrong: Sal applied himself in his new job,arrived early every day, skipped lunch regularly, and left late every night.Right: Sal applied himself in his new job, arriving early every day, skipping lunch regularly, and leaving late every night.Watch out for linking verbsTo BE Other linking verbsAre Become SmellWas Feel SoundWere Grow StayAm Look TasteBeen Remain TurnBe RepresentBeing ResembleTreat any linking verb as a parallel market.Wrong: The bouquet of flowers was a giving of love.Right: The bouquet of flowers was a gift of love.And they have to make sense.Wrong: Upon being nominated, this politician represents a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country.Right: The nomination of this politician represents a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country.PronounsAnteced ent must exist: as a nounWrong: The park rangers discussed measures to prevent sever wildfires, which would be devastating to it.Right: The park rangers discussed measures to prevent sever wildfires, which would be devastating to the park.Anteced ent and pronoun must make sense together Wrong: Although the term “supercomputer”may sound fanciful or exaggerated, it is simply an extremely fast mainframe that can execute trillions of calculations every second.Right: Although the term “supercomputer” may sound fanciful or exaggerated, it simply refers to an extremely fast mainframe that can execute trillions of calculations every second.The anteced ent must be unambiguousWrong: Researchers claim to have developed new “nano-papers”incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which they allege give them the strength of cast iron.Right: researchers claim to have developed new “nano-papers”incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which allegedly give these materials the strength of cast iron.The anteced ent and pronoun must agree in number Pronoun caseWatch out for parallelismSupernovas destroy their immediateenvironments in vast explosions, but by synthesizing heavy chemical elements, they provide the universe with the possibility of biochemistry-based life as we know it.’s is often poor antecedentWrong: The board is investigating several executives’compensation packages in order to determine how much may have been improperly awarded to them.Here THEM refers to “packages”, so it is wrong. Right: The board is investigating the compensation packages of several executives in order to determine how much these executives may have been awarded.The d eadly five: it, its, they, them, theirWrong: Whenever a student comes, take down their information.Right: Whenever a student comes, take down his or her information.Right: Whenever students come, take downtheir information.This, that, these, and thoseAdjectives:New “nano-papers” incorporate fibers that give these materials strength.New copyThe money spent by her parents is less than that spent by her children.The money spent by her parents is more than it was expected to by.Agree in number with previous versionWrong: Her company is outperforming those of her competitors.Right: Her company is outperforming the companies of her competitors.This, these, that, and those cannot be used as nouns.Wrong: Her products are unusual; manyconsider these unique.Right: Her products are unusual; many consider them unique.ModifiersAdjectives and adverbsAdjective + adjective + nounBoth adjectives modify the noun.Wrong: James Joyce is Max’s supposedly Irish ancestor.Right: James Joyce is Max’s supposed Irish ancestor.Adverb + adjective + nounThe adverb modifies the adjective.Wrong: Max’s grandmother is his supposed Irish ancestor.Right: Max’s grandmother is his supposedly Irish ancestor.Noun modifiersType Position ExampleAdjective BeforenounAfternoun The lazy cat took a nap. The cat, lazy from overeating, took a napPropositi on BeforenounAfternounOn the couch, the cattook a nap.The cat on the couchtook a nap.Past participle BeforenounAfternounThe tired cat took anap.Tires from chasingmice, the cat took a nap.Present participle without commas BeforenounAfternounThe sleeping cat took anap.The cat sleeping on thecouch is named “Sue”.Relative pronoun AfternounThe grey cat, whichloves tuna, took a nap.The cat that lives nextAnother noun BeforenounAfternounA lover of mice, my cathunts night and day.The cat, a tabby raisedon a farm, took a nap.Misplaced modifierWrong: Jim biked along an old dirt road to get to his house, which cut through the woods. Right: To get to his house, Jim biked along an old dirt road, which cut through the woods.Dangling modifierWrong: Resigned to the bad news, there was no commotion in the office.Wrong: There was no commotion in the office, resigned to the bad news.Right: Resigned to the bad news, the officeworkers make no commotion.Also true for verb modifiers:Wrong: Using the latest technology, the problem was indentified.Right: Using the latest technology, the engineer indentified the problem.Modifiers have to make sense.Wrong: Only in the past century has origami’s development, a ceremonial activity invented millennia ago, into a true art form taken place. Right: Origami-a ceremonial activity invented millennia ago- has developed into a true art form only in the past century.Noun modifiers with relative clauseThat or whom can be dropped when acting as the objectiveThe security guard we met was nice.The movie we watched last Friday was scary.“Where” cannot be used to modify a metaphorical placeSuch as condition, situation, case, circumstance, or arrangementWrong: We had an arrangement where he cooked and I cleaned.Right: We had an arrangement in which he cooked and I cleaned.Essential vs. non-essential noun modifiersVerb modifiersType PositionExampleAdverb BeforeverbAfterverb Frequently, I walk to the store.I frequently walk to the store.I walk frequently to the store.Preposition Beforeverb On Mondays, I walk to the storeAfter verbI walk to the store on Mondays.SubordinatorBefore verb After verbWhenmycarisbroken, I walk to the store.I walk to the store when mycarisbroken.Some modifiers can modify both the subject and the verb. Type Positio nExample Present participle with comasBefore verbAfter verbWhistling “Beat it ”, Ilifted the weight. I lifted the weight, whistling“Beat it ”. Preposition + simple gerund Before verbAfter verbBy concentration, Ilifted the weight. I lifted the weight by concentration.Verb tense, mood and voiceTenseSimple tenseSimple present tense is often used to express “eternal” states or frequent events.Use simple present to define general definitions.Use simple present with state verbs such as KNOW and SIGNIFYProgressive tenseKeep verb tense consistentIf you want to switch tense, make it clear: Right: He is thinner now because he spent thelast six months on a strict diet.Present perfect: still in effectPresent perfect indicated either continued action or continued effect of a completed action. Right: The child drew a square in the sand, but the ocean erased it.Right: The child drew a square in the sand, but the ocean has erased it.Awkward: The child has drawn a square in the sand, but the ocean has erased it.If you want to talk about a specific, completed time period, use the simple past:Wrong: Veronica has traveled all over the world in 2007.Right: Veronica travelled all over the world in 2007.Past perfect: the earlier actionYou should use past perfect only to clarify or emphasize a sequence of past events.If the sequence is already obvious, we do not need to use past perfect.Right: Antonio drove to the store and bought some ice cream.When you see BEFORE Or AFTER, don’t use the past perfect.Right: Laura locked the deadbolt before she left for work.Tense sequenceScientist: The supercollider is ready, it did not cost too much, and it will provide new insights into the working of the universe.Report: The scientist announced that the supercollider was ready, that it had not cost too much, and that it would provide new insights into the workings of the universe.Avoid mixing present tense with conditionaltense:Right: The scientist believes that the machine will be wonderful.Right: The scientist believed that the machine would be wonderful.Wrong: The scientist believes that the machine would be wonderful.Wrong: The scientist believed that the machine will be wonderful.The subjunctive moodHypothetical subjunctiveIf…then constructionsType Form ExampleGeneral rule with no uncertainty If present,then presentIf Sophie eatspizza, then shebecomes ill.General rule with some uncertainty If present,then CAN orMAYIf Sophie eatspizza, then shemay become ill.Particular case (in the future) with no uncertainty If present,then futureIf Sophie eatspizza tomorrow,then she willbecome ill.Unlikely case (in the future) Ifhypotheticalsubjunctive,thenconditionalIf Sophie atepizza tomorrow,then she wouldbecome ill.Case that never happened (in the past) If pastperfect, thenconditionalperfectIf Sophie hadeaten pizzayesterday, thenshe would havebecome ill.The command subjunctiveBossy verb + that + subject + command subjunctiveWrong: We propose the school board disband. Wrong: We propose that the school boardshould disband. Type WordExample Verbs that take only the command subjunctiveDemand,dictate, insist, propose, recommend, request, stipulate, suggestWe demand thathebehere.Verbs that take only infinitiveAdvise, allow, forbid, persuade, wantWe allow him to be here.Verbs that take either formAsk,beg, intend, order, prefer, urge, require Werequire thathebehere.We require him to be here.Nouns that take the command subjunctiveDemand, requestHisdemandthat he be paid full severance was not met.take the command subjunctive crucial,desirable,fitting,imperative,important,mandatory,preferable,urgent, vitalthat Gary beready beforesoon.Avoid the use of the command subjunctive after WHETHER.Wrong: I like ice cream, whether it be chocolate, vanilla, or any other flavor.Right: I like ice cream, whether it is chocolate, vanilla, or any other flavor.Active voice vs. passive voiceDo not use verbs besides BE to form the passive voice.Wrong: the pizza must got eaten today.ComparisonsComparison signalsLike AsUnlike As (adj.) asMore than As much asLess than As little asFaster than As fast asDifferent from The same asIn contrast to/withKeeping comparisons parall elComparisons must be logically parallelWrong: Frank’s build, like his brother, is broad and muscular.Right: Frank’s build, like his brother’s, is broad and muscular.Right: Frank’s build, like that of his brother, is broad and muscular.Right: Frank, like his brother, has a broad and muscular build.Comparisons must be structurally parallelWrong: I like to run through forests more than I enjoy walking through crowds.Right: I like running through forests more than walking through crowds.Omitted wordsPut in the omitted words or appropriate helping verbs only if you need to remove ambiguity. Right: Vishal eats more carrots than donuts. Wordy: Vishal eats more carrots than he dose donuts.Ambiguous: I like cheese more than Yvette. Right: I like cheese more than I do Yvette. Right: I like cheese more than Yvette does.Ambiguous: Tomas is more interested in video games than his girlfriend.Right: Tomas is more interested in video games than his girlfriend is.Right: Tomas is more interested in video games than in his girlfriend.GMAT occasionally allows unnecessary Helping verbs.Right: Apples are more healthy to eat than caramels.Right: Apples are more healthy to eat than caramels are.Comparative and superlative formsDo not compare an adverb that ends in –ly by changing the ending to –er.Wrong: Adrian runs quickly. He runs quicker than Jacob.Right: Adrian runs quickly. He runs more quickly than Jacob.However, some adverbs that do not end in –ly are made into comparatives by adding –er. Right: Adrian runs fast. He runs faster thanJacob.Do not use a comparative adjective unless you have a THAN in the sentence.Wrong: With winter coming, I will have higher energy bills.Wrong: I will have higher bills over last year. Right: I will have higher bills than last year.IdiomsImportant idiom listActThe bay acted as a funnel for the ride. (function as)My friend acted like a fool. (behave)AgreeThey agree that electrons exist.Electrons are particles that physicists agree exist.AidShe aids her neighbor.She provides aid to victims.Aid for victims is available.Her aid in walking the dog is appreciated.AimWe adopted new procedures aimed at reducing theft.We adopted new procedures with the aim of reducing theft.Aim to do 错误！AnxietyHis anxiety about his company’s future is ill-founded.His anxiety that his company may be sold is ill-founded.AppearImperfections appear as tiny cracks (show up as)He appears confused (seems)The dinosaurs appear to have been relatively smart.It appears that the dinosaurs were smart.AsAs I walked, I became more nervous.(during) As I had already paid, I was unconcerned. (because, since)As we did last year, we will win this year. ( in the same way)As the president of the company, she worked hard.(in the role of )As a child, I delivered newspapers. (in the stage of)My first job was an apprenticeship as a sketch artist.As part of the arrangement, he received severance.As…as…Cheese is not as great as people say.We have three times as many pears as you.His knowledge springs not so much from experience as from schooling.AskI asked for her aid.He asked her to go to the store.He asked that she go to the store.AwareAware of the danger, he fled.Aware that danger was near, he fled.With an aware that/of….错误！BanThey passed a ban prohibiting us from carrying bottles.They passed a ban that…错误！BeginThe movement began as a protest. (was born as) The movement began with a protest. (protest was the first part)The protest began a movement. (caused)BelieveShe believes that Gary is right.She believes Gary to be right.It is believed that Gary is right.Gary is believed to be right.BordersWithin the borders of a countryIn/inside the borders….错误！ButI study hard but take breaks.I study hard, but I take breaks.ChanceI have one chance in a thousand of winningtonight.ClaimThey claim that they can read minds.They claim to be able to read minds.Compared/comparisonIn comparison to/with horses, zebras are vicious.A zebra can be compared to a horse in many ways.Compared with a horse, a zebra is very hard to tame.ConfidenceWe have confidence that the market will recover.ConceiveHe conceives of architecture as a dialog. Conceive of sth. to be…. 错误！ConsiderI consider her a friend.I consider her intelligent.I consider illegal the law passed last week by the new regime.The law is considered illegal.ContendThey contend that they can decipher the code.ContinueThe danger will continue to grow.The danger will continue its growth.错误！CostPollution cost us billions in increased medical bills.CreateYou will create a team to lead the discussion.CreditHugo credits sally with good taste.Sally is credited with good taste.DangerWe are in danger of forgetting the past.DateThey dated the artifact at three centuries old. Dated to be 错误！DeclareI declared the election a fraud/ invalid.I declared invalid the referendum that the new regime imposed.DependThe outcome depends on whether he can make friends.DesignThe window is designed to open.DevelopThe executive developed her idea into a project. The idea developed into a project.DifferenceThere is a difference in ability between us. There is a difference between what you can do and what I can do.There are differences in what you and I can do.DisinclinedShe is disinclined to write to her parents.Distinguish/distinctionThe investor distinguished between trends and fads.There is a distinction between trends and fads.DoubtWe do not doubt that the apples are ripe.We have no doubt that the apples are ripe.She doubts whether Jan will arrive on time.ElectShe elected to withdraw her money early.EnoughThe book was short enough (for me) to read in a night.EnsureHe ensures that deadlines are metEquippedThey are equipped to fight on any terrain.EvenI am even richer than a king.I earn as much money as even the wealthiest king.ExpectWe expect the price to fall.The price is expected to fall.We expect that the price will fall.It is expected that the price will fall.There is an expectation that the price will fall.ExpendWe expend energy on neighborhood development.ExtentWe enjoyed the film to some extent. “Thumbs part up”is the extent to which we enjoyed the film.FaultThe criminals are at the fault for breaking the law.ForbidThe law forbids any citizen to vote twice.GoalThe goal is to expand the company.He helps (to) rake the leaves.He helps me (to) rake the leaves.His help in raking the leaves has been welcome.HoldThe law holds that jaywalking is illegal.InsteadWe avoided the arcade and instead went to a movie.IntentI went with the intent to leave soon.I went with the intent/intention of leaving soon.KnowWe know her to be brilliant.She is known to be brilliant.We know him as Reggie.He is known as Reggie.Old gadgets are lacking in features.Old gadgets lack features.The lack of features is upsetting.LessLess than 10%Lower than 10% 错误！LikelyMy friend is likely to eat worm.It is likely that my friend will eat worm.My friend is more likely than my enemy to eat worms.My friend is twice as likely as my enemy to eat worms.More than likely, my friend will eat worms.LossI have suffered a loss of strength. (decline in quality)They have suffered a loss in the euro. (decline ininvestment)MandateThe general mandated that a trench be dug.MassThe truck has ten times the mass of a small car. The truck is ten times the mass of a small car. 错误！MeansMusic education is a means to improved cognition.A means of/for. 错误！NativeThe kangaroo is native to Australia.My friend is a native of Australia.Not…butShe did not eat mangoes but ate other kinds of fruit.A tomato is not a vegetable but a fruit.NumberThe number of dogs has fallen.Dogs have fallen in number.错误！OweHe owes money to government for back taxes.PrivilegeThe academy gave senior cadets dancing privileges.Worse: the academy gave senior cadets the privilege of dancing.PronounceShe pronounced the book a triumph.ProposeThey attorneys proposed that a settlement be reached.The attorneys proposed to meet for lunch.。

新编英语语法教程第六版课后答案全

1A 1B2AWithin the stricken area,not a single soul remained alive,and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by a monster steam-roller.The bomb exploded 1,000 the ground.On August 6,1945,an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima.Three days later,yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow.The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expanse of reddish rub-ble.Within the fraction of a second,the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an im-mense mass of expanding gas,millions of degrees hot.A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone,concrete,metal,and woodover the ground.2BPond,once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of manytourist stands.2. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast w ind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome./ Sweep-ing through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the cooling northeast wind made...3. The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plungingdown to join in the valley below.the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this is a good spot for a pic-nic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll.for breath after running up the stairs,Mr Wood stood at his neighbour's door and knocked again and again till someone opened it.town folk envied Horace, who had come into a small fortune with which hebought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the big changethat had come over him in recent years.idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive himalmost drove him mad.9. The story, written in plain language, consists of three parts with an interesting plot cen-tering round an aristocratic family living in 17th-century France.and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth prepared by hisfather to drive off the chill.above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pine trees growingon the steep slopes of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.12. Farther down the street,the old man stopped and leaned against a lamp-post, listeningto a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the opposite side of the street. sank in the nearest chair,completely exhausted,her limbs stiff with cold,her mind a piece of blank.the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly,her pleasant,refined facewearing a grave look,her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning while occasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.thought it necessary to break the news to his family,that Mr Jacob,his former employer,had promised him a half-day job at 20 pounds a week.3A,I will have to...,I was...,there has been...,Roberts returned the cheque.5. Oddly enough, he did not...unreasonably, he protested...,he never knew that he...,the two sides may...9. Quite obviously, he does not want to...enough,the burglar had not taken...enough,a solution will be...,the Chinese people protested...more important, we ought to put...,I have met him before.15. To our regret,he refused our invitation. ,someone managed to find me.telephoned the hospital first,quite rightly. ,the girl did not ask your name.,her appointment has not been confirmed.20. Curiously, the dog never barked.3Bother wordsother words/That is to say5. In that caseallall thata result;Secondly;Thirdly and most importantly 4Ahavewere,arearewere4B,is,are,their,their ,It,wasThey,is/are,their,they,disapprove ,they5A5B 1.'s10.'s ,is,isare arepoint are5C are areare arehave caresis,has 6A6Bmuch work have you done this morningdig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour.'s done the least work.4. There are several methods of approaching this problem.know little French.must be less empty talk but more practical work.7. Were there many people at the receptionI have a few words with you9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.made the fewest mistakes.'ve learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have.'s done the most work and made the most mistakes.'s done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes.millionaire has lots of money-and lots of worries.has enough worries because she hasn't got enough money.telephone rang every few minutes.have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days.his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2020.we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks.brother spent $1,000 for a second-hand car,but I spent almost twice the amountfor the same stuff.7Aadviceimportant piece of information it is funnot numerousarehastimes,rivalry,wereisis7Bswarm7C1.... Dick's decision to emigrate to Australia.expansion of the Physics Department/The Physics Department's expansion...3....a novel of Jane Austen's.long report of Mr Allen's...new shoes of yours...6....the article of the student...7....Shakespeare's tragedies/the tragedies of Shakespeare8....a ship's carpenter.punishment of the offenders...10....the past decade's events/the events of the past decade11....the enemy's unconditional surrender/ the unconditional surrender of the enemy.12....other people's criticism of him.13....the younger generation's education/ the education of the younger generation.14....at John Wiley's,the bookseller's.15....an article of '...16....this policy of the government's...17....an idiot's tale.dog of Frank's...book of Joe Hill's...'...7Aleg of the table is broken.Key to Exercises 229and John's house is on the corner.3....on birds'nests.4....the students'problems.5. ... at the Joneses'.6./7.... Charles' car but someone else's.8....in ten years'time.9. The products'effectiveness...week's news...than the last two weeks'.11....others'problems.12....each other's worries.13. My brother and sister-in-law's house... friend of my father's...wheel of the car...16./17. The baseball players'wives...18....women's clothing only.ton's long poems.new shoes of yours...8A8B.,money,etc,ones,cause8C8A1....little opportunity to travel.2....many such novels.3..../ Neither sentence is correct English.4. He has many more problems...5....this kind of apple/ these kind(s)of apples.enjoy either kind,...7....every book in the fiction section.8....than in any other country in the world.9....a greater amount of rainfall this year than there was last year.10....all this luggage/all the luggage at the airport.11....such beautiful poetry/such a beautiful poem that it is hard to believe she has neverhad a formal education.12....a great many friends in New York.13. Whatever nonsense...third sister of his...can't for the life of me remember.there are fewer/ less diseases...17....than all other methods.18.... once every three months.19....study of language.20....some more soup8EOf all the things we eat and drink,water is the most many people un-derstand this,but it is quite human body can go without food for a long time, but two or three days without water will result in death.Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs to work properly,and many people do not drink people drink when they are thirsty,but often need much more,especially when they have been taking exercises.It is vital that people should drink enough water every can help people tokeep can also ease pain in case of habit of drinking water soon after getting up will bring a purging and refreshing effect;likewise,drinking some water before bedtimewill also do people,especially old people,a lot of good. When one is fainting, water willbring him back to consciousness;if one is badly wounded, water will help to lend him vig-a word,water means lack of water in the body is most harmful to health.9A,an,the,the,a,the,the,the,the,0,the,a,an,a,the,the,a,the,the,the,the,the,the ,0,0,0,0,0,0/a9Bthe9CM ichigan3. The Straits of Gibraltar4. Qomolangma5. The National GalleryWorld Cup8. The Olympic Games10. the BBC12. The Times14. the Finance Ministry16. the SenateJohn Spenceand SmithWatermans20. The White Houseuniversityhospitaltrain28. The hovercraft, the boat taxibusferrycinema35. The filmPopeworld9AI.15. Sam's II.9Ethe spottop to bottomhandur the fronta fashiona fancy tocase ofthe fancy oftrouble,lend a handthe boardreach oftop ofthe case ofthe shadea losspossession ofthe possession of18. under coverthe midnight oil20. at short notice9Ftravels faster than sound.quiet,'t let me hear a sound.writing English,after each word we leave a space.box occupies too much space.a big meal,you should take a rest.needs food,drink and rest.7. He did it out of kindness.have done me a kindness.9. He lives close at hand.10. The children suffered a lot at the hands of their stepfather.you got an English-French dictionary12. Have you got an English and a French dictionarydo you like the red and white roses in my gardenyou seen the red(roses)and the white roses in my garden is still in hospital.'m going to the hospital to see him.is a garden in front of the house.is a picture in the front of the book.style of dress is no longer in fashion.likes to read about the latest fashions.'t talk too much at table.friend was sitting at the table writing a letter.23. When we called, his family were at dinner.we called,his family was giving a dinner.students take/ took quite a fancy to their teacher.exhibits in the hall soon took the fancy of the visitors.old man is in possession of a huge fortune.island was once in the possession of Great Britain.must immediately consult a doctor in case of illness.is stupid,but it is different in the case of Mary;she is just lazy.10AWhen it comes to making a conscious effort to help keep a public place clean,most people just don't make the 'm a maintenance man for a department peopledid make the effort,I probably wouldn't have a job.The area that I have to spend the most time cleaning is the employees'lunchroom . Employees go there during breaks,lunch,and dinner. The maintenance department sup-plies containers for garbage and ashtrays for cigarette butts. But when they finish their food,the employees will either throw their papers on the floor or leave them on the employees will on occasion throw their papers in the garbage container,but most of themwho smoke will either flick their ashes on the floor or in the half-filled soda butts are found anywhere other than in the ashtray,because the ashtrays may have been sto-len or have been filled with gum. Sometimes an employee will remark,“Aren't these peo-ple pigs They don't even clean up after themselves,"as they proceed to walk away fromtheir littered table.10B,hehas,it has totheirthem(informal)is/ they are(informal)their(informal)'t ittakes(informal),their/his(informal)their(informal),her,his,themselves,itself10Csheherone's(too formal),he/ one(too formal),his/ one's(too formal)shehe or she(formal), shehe/ he or she(formal)her12. his/his or her,his/ his or her, his/ his or her himhim,it/hehe or shehershehe or shehe or she,he/he or she10Aelse's,her11A,ours,it'shisprofessor himself herself6. beside ourselveshimselfhe himself(no change in informal 10.(no change) style)she herself(no change in informal style), who (no change in informal style)arriving late(no change in informal style)28. he himselfheyou're11B,any,anyless,neither,all11C1....to teach the facts of life to their children.2....to change this situation...3....with great potentials which are not enhanced...4....major in accounting.Ellis challenged Jody Baker to a game of chess when they met at the Recreation Centre.morning's paper says that Route 4 can't be used until the flood damage is repaired.a hill was situated the cottage, which...8. Two weeks after his uncle moved to Florida, Ed sold...9....as if the jails were equipped with revolving doors.put the package of frozen strawberries...she left for Europe,Mother asked Mrs Spry to visit her.12....this vitamin, which is essential to sound teeth.'s being given the leading role in the play displeased the rest of the cast. 14....all the clothes stored in the attic were ruined.and Jan wouldn't even look at each other when they met...her arrival in New York,this was the first time that she had seen her mother.17.... pleased Mother tremendously.18.... Those/ The people interviewed are sometimes indignant.he spoke to the lawyer, Dad was extremely nervous...20....that the holiday makers can hardly find places to sit down,which is why those peoplewho hate crowds keep away from these places.11A12Ais likely to let you down.team is certain to win.appears to be no doubt about it.happened to be the only witness.chanced to be out of London at the time.doesn't seem to be coming after all.'re not supposed to play football on Sundays. is supposed to have arrived at five.9. He's sure to be there.are certain to need help.think it's going to rain this evening.am I to pay my debtsnew building is going to be six storeys high. 're not to talk like that.'s likely to see her.16. You've got to be joking.17. He tends to be stupid.fail to see what you mean.happened to be there.chanced to meet him in the park.appeared to enjoy the concert.22. They seemed not to notice it.23. The swimmer failed to reach the shore.were to have been married in May.purse was not to be found.26. He was never to see his wife or children again.'s going to be a long time before we can reduce our prices. is bound to be in the office.of us can say what our future is to be.did not fail to keep his word.12B2. called off3. carry out4. catch up with5. came round / to6. cutting down7. looked intoupupoffhim outyou off13. leave outupup16. blew it up17. Look out18. put off19. look on20. put up21. running into22. run up againstoutfor/ call in...in26. turned down27. turned outoutup30. took on,worn out,give...up12C1. This case is being looked into by the police.long the children had taken to their new teacher.3. We can't rely on other countries to help us tide over the difficulty.4. The First World War broke out in 1914.she came to,she found herself lying in a hospital.6. He was not really feeling sad. He was just putting on.new problems cropped up at the last minute.8. As most members were absent,the meeting had to be called off.you figure out a way to solve this problem10. When he was criticized, he flared up.'t be taken in.12. I got very angry that he should come out with that rude remark.must work hard,or you won't be able to keep up with the rest of the class. is going to take a day off tomorrow;I must fill in for her.15. We are going to bring up this question at the next meeting.'m looking forward to meeting you in Shanghai.17. We all look up to Doctor Lin,because she serves her patients selflessly.worked in the United States for three years,and he made the most of the opportu-nity to improve his English.was so lazy that she made a mess of her room.is a used car;it has changed hands several times.12A(1)finding(2)occurred (3)waiting(4)studied(5)stood(6)read(7)read(8)decided(9)satisfy(10)carried (11)colored (12)taste(13)watching (14)slipped (15)took (16)found(17)was(18)ran (19)shouted(20)drank(21)tasted (22)was(23)learned (24)to question13Awears out stones.2. Pride goes before a fall.speak louder than words.swallow doesn't make a summer.5. The Changjiang flows into the East China Sea.6. Water doesn't exist on the moon.isn't ever cold in Hawaii.in Paris isn't always nice;it sometimes rains a lot.9. He occasionally is wrong, but not often.never does any homework,but he does well in class.company doesn't always make very high profits.mother doesn't usually have coffee in the mornings.hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.,the capital of Arizona,is very dry;it hardly ever rains.parents seldom go to church on Sundays.earth revolves round the sun.lies to the south of China.Thames flows through London.usually vote for a Democrat,but my roommate almost always votes for a Republican. is an ill wind that blows nobody good.13Bwill see7. set to, did13. sleep / will sleep21. does not dislike(d)did,sat,began;is;is;sits;rubs;coughs 13Cliving...standinggetting...spendingboilinggettingalways writing...talking about13. writes,know,is doing, Does your son write;hear,seemsalways hammering;keeps,begins,hear,shakes; do,think,is coming,is probably ironing,irons, watches,gets,forgets,ispressing,is thinkingrunning; passes, kicks; heads, misses;hits,bounces;is happening;is lying;is hold-ing;is running;is running;is blowing13A1. arrived, was telephoning,telephoned...do;was(just)doing(always)ringing5. was burning, was sleeping; was playing, (was) singing; was; stopped; woke6. was drowning, dived, savedlistening,rang,did not hear,was landing,climbed;were waiting, witnessed;was going(still)moving,jumped;thought, was happening,ran11. Did...want;hoped/ was hoping12. (1) was (just) hanging out(2)started (3) was wiping (4) lost (5) fell off(6) waswashing(7)rushed (8)knocked over(9)let(10)was talking(11)managed(12)was doing(13) cut(14) was peeling (15) was reversing(16) forgot(17) bumped14Abeen telephoning,Haven't you nearly finished; haven't got,have been trying,has beenbeen playing,haven't playedbeen writing/ have written4. have...been learning / have...learnedbeen sleeping/ has sleptbeen coughing/has coughedknown,have been reading,haven't finishedbeen,have..ebeen learning, has masteredbeen raining,has stoppedtravelled...readbeen readingread.letbeen crying17. has injuredbeen assassinatedbeen working20. has been losing14BI.(1)struck(2)reached(3)lit(4)sat(5)had left(6)had had(7)put(8)undressed(9)got(10)fell(11)had put(12)had forgotten(13)dropped(14)burned(15)found(16)had burned(17)had...madeI.(1)opened(2)saw(3)had...been listening(4)wondered(5)had heard(6)asked(7)had been doing/ was doing(9)had dropped(10)had been looking(11)didn't see(12)found(13)had...dropped(14)opened(15)had been taking(16)were(17)turned(18)asked(19) pulled(20)ran(21)recovered(22)had disappeared(23)moved(24)found(25)had been standing(26)had been telling14Cwere't said4. hadn't drunk,hadn't drunk expected,had intended't losthad knowncomemeantwanted't't beennever seengivenseenasked't brokennever been invented14Aexplainedhad,drove,got,gave;has been breathalysed ,had visitedtried6. will be, have had togoing to stay,will be,haven't beenbe,have taught;teach,take,will be ...getting on;have done,learnt...been;went,went,was,had been,liked,go 14E[1]1. Do you...knowwould like3. have just heardexactly suit't apply6. won't get8. had just left10. was going12.(had)found13. have heard't even know17. should/ would be.18. would phonetried20. doesn't/ didn't seem [2]upheardbeginninggone10. Would/ Could you please checkreceived12. have received/ did receive/received13. haven't decided14. should/ would be15. would tellalready been17. should/ would like18. don't get19. will have to21. w ill have/ have15Ajust be coming out2. will be, will be wonderingcome4. will be doing, will be working5. will get, will still be, will be going, will ask6. will be melting,will be7:.won't start,will give8. will tell9. will be reading, will be ringing10. will be cooking, will ringgoing to shampoo12. is going to bake, will soon getseegoing to havegoing to bottleyou going to paint,am going to takegoing to ringgoing to start,Are you going to do,is going to help19. will start,will get,will bakegoing to make,will burnarriving,Is he spending,is he catching,is spending,is giving,is attendinggoing to dye,Are you going to do,are you going to have,am going to havegoing to rainyou doing,are coming,am going to show,Are you taking,am going to takegoing to send,am seeingmoving,Are you going to have,am going to paintgoing to buy,is going to beyou going to do,Are you going to sell,am going to learn,am getting,are starting,is cominggoing,is having,is looking,is coming31. will have finished, will be starting32. will have planted33. will have done, will be relaxing34. will have done, will soon be leavingbe trying,will have sent36. will be living, will have spent37. will be giving, will have given38. will be coming, will have picked39. will be fishing, will have been polluted, will be dying40. will be repairing, will have repaired15Bhave/were going to havegoing to swim/ were swimming/ were to swim3. was to discover4.(1)is going to catch/ is catching/ is to catch(2)is going to attend/is attending/is to attendgoing to show/ was about to show6. was going to be / was to benot to use8.(1) would be/ was going to be/ was to be(2) were going to discuss/ were to discuss9.(1) Are...going to watch(2)was going to watch(3)is arriving(4)am going to meet(5) was going to arrive10.(1)are...to be(2)were to be(3) were to have got(4)was to have taken place(5)are...to have15C。

曼哈顿SC知识点整理

SC句子改错的基础（不含题）Sentences Correction（简称SC），句子改错。

我们经常称之为“语法”题，但是实际上SC考察的不仅仅是语法，或者说真正的语法考得很少。

这里将全面讲解和介绍整个SC。

问题格式句子改错的格式比较简单，下面是例题：Although William Pereira first gained national recognition for his movie set designs, including those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations remember him as the architect of the Transamerica Tower, the Malibu campus of Pepperdine University, and the city of Irvine.●(A) including those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations●(B) like that for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations will●(C) like those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations●(D) including that for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations will●(E) including those for the 1942 film “Reap the Wild Wind,” future generations will不要用自己的语言重写句子，我们需要从五个选项中找个相对较好的。

GMATSCManhatten曼哈顿语法总结(770NN)

目录Subject-verb agreement ............................ 错误!未定义书签。

Fragment: Subject and verb must both exist........................... 错误!未定义书签。

Sense: Subject and verb must make sense together. ............... 错误!未定义书签。

Number agreement: Subject and verb must agree in number . 错误!未定义书签。

Additive phrases................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

Or, either…or, neither…nor: ne arest................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

Collective nouns: almost always singular ......................................... 错误!未定义书签。

Indefinite pronouns: usually singular................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

SANAMM words: some; any; none; all; more; most; ...................... 错误!未定义书签。

Each and every.................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

曼哈顿语法第六版-总结

Contents 目录 (3) (5)Sentence Structure (7)Modifier (10)Parallelism (15)Comparison (20)Pronouns (25)/ (30)idiom / (39) (47)& (54)& (54)A / (54)Manhattan语法（第五版）中文笔记－by equalgirl目录一总原则二意思与简洁三主语与谓语(主谓一致)四平行五代词六修饰语七动词（时态，语气，主被动）八比较九习语十简洁＋平行（高阶）十一代词＋修饰语（高阶）十二动词＋比较（高阶）附：固定搭配词组一、问题形式question format选项A也可以是正确选项，几率在20%左右。

二、解题思路（The SC Process）：排除大法好！第一步：迅速扫一眼Take a first glance（最少少于5秒钟）1.不同通读整句，要看到线索：划线部分长度，划线部分从什么地方开始2. 五个选项的开头肯定至少有两种以上的形式，迅速扫一眼五个选项的开头找出第一个Split Including用于引出例子，而like则暗示了两者或以上事物的相似性线索可能暗示着1.划线部分长？短？长：句子结构、语义、修饰成分和平行短：（少于五个单词）充分比较五个选项后再读原句2.划线部分第一个词是什划线部分第一个词和划线部分紧跟的词常常是解题线索之一么？划线部分紧跟在什么词之后？选项的开头和结尾都会至少有一个不同，充分利用。

3. 选项的前几个单词有什么不同？提升办法—记录自己的解题思路，可做flash card正面反面线索词，如解读，如And 平行结构第二步：读句子理解意思读句子时，从头读到尾，同时注意语法正确和句子想要表达的意思句子开头如果是although这样比较对比的词，那么后面的句子就应该表达对比。

第三步：找出排除选项的落脚点—一般都需要寻找多个排除点一般有两个落脚点：1.原句里的错误2.选项里的split或不同如果发现原句有错误，立刻对选项进行排除。

GMAT曼哈顿语法中文版.doc

My Manhattan(5th) Notes——DaisyotwCH1 SC Basics1.控制在60s~75s2.做题步骤：理解原句，垂直阅读选项，split 排除错误，放回原文检查CH2 Grammar&Meaning一.语法：主谓一致，平行，代词，修饰语，动词时态、语和主被动，比较和习语二.语义：1.词的选择：(1) 注意一词多义Economic-经济的；economical-节约的；合算的；有效的Aggravate- 加重，恶化；aggravating- 令人愤怒的Known as –被认为是，很著名；known to be- 被承认⋯；known forLoss of –失去；loss in-贬值Mandate- 命令；have a mandate-拥有选举权Native of- （人）来自；native to –物种起源于Range of –多种的；ranging-变化Rate of –速度或频率；rates for –价格⋯Rise-上升,无方向，单纯上升；raise- （打赌或工资）上涨，有方向Such as –比如；like- 好像（举例只能用such as, 不能用like ）Try to do –努力去完成；try doing –尝试去做Impale- 刺穿；impel- 逼迫(2) 情态动词(may,will,must,should) 不要随意添加或改变(*should 表“应该”，不表示likelihood; 法律法规只能用must 不能用should)(3)选项和原文态度一致2.词的位置：关注重点词(all,only) 和句子整体顺序3.词的搭配：主谓一致，逻辑一致，make sense三.避免冗余：1. 在一个句子中，不要用两个意思一样的词Rise-increase;sum-total;regain-again;enable-be able to;attempt-try;other than-opposite;drop-decrease;sufficient-enough;including-among;have to –require及近义词then-later; so-in order to2.注意being 、having ，虽然二者大多数情况是错的，但GMAT 也通常会制造一些其他的语法错误，使得此类选项稍好一点。

曼哈顿语法笔记by歪猴

Chapter 1 基本原则一．问题形式（大家都懂）二．选择最好的答案而不是创造最完美的答案：选项之间要相互对比三．理解句意,把选项分类：1.选项特征：⑪.同时考察多个考点⑫.许多选项都有不止一个错误⑬.同样的错误可能在多个选项中出现⑭.没有任何两个选项是完全一样的2.步骤：⑪.仔细阅读原句,一定要理解意思,理解作者意图⑫.迅速扫描选项,不要浪费时间细读⑬.寻找最简单的分类切入点：最绝对,最准确的切入点⑭.作出第一次分类决定:在实战中并不需要把每个错误都找出⑮.重复分类工作,不断排除,直到选出一个最好的答案⑯.把选出的答案放回原句中阅读做最后的确认：要把整句都读完,未划线的部分不可有遗漏Chapter 2 语法&语义一.语法：1.选项是否符合GMAT要求的standardgrammar2.包括：主谓一致,平行,代词,修饰,动词时态语态情态,比较,习语；二.语义：1.明确句子的意思,选出最能清晰表达作者意图的选项2.语义三原则：⑪.选词需谨慎：同一词有不同的意思,在这里表达的意思是否正确？形式相近意思不同的词是否被用错？①Economic-经济的；economical-节约的；合算的；有效的②Aggravate-加重，恶化；aggravating-令人愤怒的③Known as –被认为是，很著名；known to be-被承认…④Loss of –失去；loss in-贬值⑤Mandate-命令；have a mandate-拥有选举权⑥Native of-（人）来自；native to –物种起源于⑦Range of –多种的；ranging-变化⑧Rate of –速度或频率；rates for –价格…⑨Rise –上升,形容无方向，单纯上升；raise-（打赌或工资）上涨，有方向⑩Such as –比如；like-好像（举例只能用such as, 不能用like）Try to do –努力去完成；try doing –尝试去做impale-刺穿；impel-逼迫还要格外注意情态动词的使用是否改变语义⑫注意词的位置：①.一些词位置的变化可能导致句子意思的改变(all,only等)②.注意整句话词位置的摆放,不要改变了原句的意思③.英文里一般喜欢把主语放在谓语之前(better)⑬.词语搭配要正确：主谓搭配要有意义且一致,词语之间搭配正确；⑭.避免冗余：GMAT中最常见的冗余现象就是词的重复,尤其是表达时间,增长的词的重复。

解读GMAT语法备考资料之曼哈顿语法【武汉GMAT语法备考】

解读GMAT语法备考资料之曼哈顿语法>>>武汉申友GMAT编辑<<< MANHATTAN 最著名的是它的语法部分MANHATTAN Sentence Correction，这本书目前更新到了第六版，对于GMAT小白来说，可以说是入门必备，正如这本书的Strategy Guide中所介绍的:“This essential guide takes the guesswork out of grammar by presenting all of the major grammatical principles and minor grammatical points known to be tested on the GMAT. Do not be caught relying only on your ear; master the rules for correcting every GMAT sentence.”简言之就是，这本书通过给入门者建立一个完整严谨的语法知识体系，让大家知道GMAT OG里那么多题怎么分类、有哪些考点，在做题时，要遵循什么样的做题步骤，有哪些做题原则，拿到一道题目的时候，应该怎样去切入，是句法结构，还是主谓一致，还是平行结构，是比较考点还是逻辑语义等等，今天申友GMAT 语法名师Regina老师就给大家介绍一下如何正确的使用曼哈顿语法这本书。

一、MANHATTAN Sentence Correction的主要内容是什么MANHATTAN Sentence Correction的目录刚好就是OG 140多道SC题目的考点之所在，且本书每一个章节的内容就是围绕着这九大考点（Grammar 、Meaning、Sentence Structure、Modifiers、Parallelism、Comparisons、Pronouns、Verbs、Idioms）依次展开讲解的，并配以正确句子和错误句子的展示，同学们可以通过此书来完善自己语法知识体系，建议和OG配套使用，它会为大家在学习SC的路上扫除很多疑虑。

曼哈顿语法Threesu总结

第一眼：先找主谓，看可能存在哪些知识点，固定搭配（such.like)，对比平行并列，修饰：分词形式起头(同位语从句对象要对等，逻辑主语要看准)；比较对象是否可比；第二眼：找句子主干，看主谓一致，找代词，出现which,where,whose之类的看代词，看指代有无错误，看时态有无错误看修饰对象是否错误；第三眼：看逻辑意思是否遭到改变，观察句子结构是否完整；介词结构后置会导致句子出现歧义#Meaning#做SC的最佳步骤1、读一遍原句，确认自己读懂意思（自己记下出错的点）2、从上到下阅读选项，寻找不同点split（开头，结尾）3、选择一个比较简单的不同点作为切入点4、尽量在第一个split做决定5、不要再看已经被确定dead 的选项6、Put your final answer back into the original sentence时间要以写句子时间为threshold，以此用will等时态指代的时候，that指代单数，those is plural#Points for consideration:Grammar: Does the sentence adhere to the rules of Standard Written English?Meaning: Does the sentence clearly indicate the author’s intended meaning?#Consider the following pairs of “cousin”words and expressions, together with their distinct meanings#aggravate (worsen) vs aggravating(irritating)#known as (named) vs known to be (acknowledged as)#loss of (no longer in possession of) vs loss in (decline in value)#mandate (command) vs have a mandate (have authority from votes)#range of (variety of) vs ranging (varying)#rate of (speed or frequency of) vs rates for (prices for)#rise (general increase) vs raise (a bet or a salary increase in American English)#try to do (seek to accomplish) vs try doing (experiment with)①Economic-经济的；economical-节约的；合算的；有效的⑧Rate of –速度或频率；rates for –价格…⑨Rise –上升,形容无方向，单纯上升；raise-（打赌或工资）上涨，有方向⑩Such as –比如；like-好像（举例只能用such as, 不能用like）⑿impale-刺穿；impel-逼迫unqualifying与unqualified(from manhattan)unqualifying释义: not meeting some sort of standard for qualification没有达到一些合格的标准unqualified释义: without any sort of restriction or reservation 没有任何限制#Some certain Helping V erbs, such as may, will, must and should will change the meaning a lot when changed.#X is native to Y is used to say that X(a species) is from Y(a place). The expression X(an individual) is a native of Y(place) tells us that X was born in Y.#X is known as Y means that X is commonly referred to by the name Y. X is known to Y means that doing Y is a characteristic behavior of X.#18Excepting usually appears in negative constructions#23think of x as y#The idiomatic expression is effort t o rather than effort of#47prohibits x from doing y = forbids x to do y不存在prohibit x to do#51owed restitution to x for y is correctly used#As can be a preposition meaning “in the capacity of,” but more often is a conjunction of manner and is followed by a verb. Like is generally used as a preposition, and therefore is followed by a noun, an object pronoun, or a verb ending in –ingFewer refers to a specific number, whereas less than refers to a continuous quantity. Between …and is the correct form to designate a choice. Father refers to distance, whereas further refers to degree#estimated should be followed by the infinitive to be, not the preposition at, unless the writer intends to indicate a location at which someone made the estimate.#in addition to 除。

GMAT曼哈顿语法---精华汇总

曼哈顿 SC 总结Chapter 1 Sentence Correction Basics1.一道例题Although William Pereira first gained national recognition for his movie set designs, includingthose for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations remember him as the architect for the Transamerica Tower, the Malibu campus of Pepperdine University and the city of Irvine.A:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generationsB: like that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations willC:like those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generationsD: including that for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations willE:including those for the 1942 film "Reap the Wild Wind",future generations will这道题用两点split。

1.1GMAT规定，Like不能用于举例；注意，在之后的说明中，曼哈顿说The GMAT used toclaim that ‘like’ simply meant‘similar to’ and could not introduce examples. However, theexam writers have moderated this hardline duty in published explanations. As a result, either‘including’ or‘likelihood would technically work in the sentence.1.2GMAT规定，进行指代时，如果有单复数转换，不能用代词指代，而应换作相对应的名词。

gmat曼哈顿语法笔记

曼哈顿语法笔记第三章Subject and Verb Agreement一、Subject and verb must both exist1、如果一个句子没有主语或动词，就不是完整的句子，是一个fragment。

两种错误方法：（1）One way the GMAT disguises the error is by dropping the verbWrong: The electron named in 1894.Right: The electron W AS NAMED in 1894.（2）it could start with a Connecting Word and contain no Main ClauseWrong: BECAUSE the dog was never mine.二、Subject and Verb Must Make Sense TogetherWrong: The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling.能够行驶数百公里的肯定不可能是development而是a car三、Subject and Verb Must Agree in Number-主谓单复数一致（1）eliminate these Middlemen words to reveal the subject.common types of middlemen and warmups.A、prepositional phraseof mice for milk by 1800in Zambia with her at that levelto the store on their orders from the officeB、S ubordinate ClausesC、其他:有的时候comma也是一个信号（2）Use Structure to Decide（3）And vs. Additive PhrasesA、and可以通过将两个或更多单数形式的主语连起来成为一个复数形式的主语B、additive phrases改变不了主语的单复数形式，作用类似于modifieralong with Polly in addition to surgery as well as the mayoraccompanied by me together with a tie including salt and pepper（4）Or, Either... Or, & Neither... NorA、这种情况下找离动词最近的那个名词，由这个名词决定谓语单复数B、如果仅仅出现了either或者neither，就使用单数形式谓语动词（5）collective nouns永远被看作单数People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, teamItems: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture（6）Indefinite Pronouns: Usually Singular但有五个例外一点，可以是单数也可以是复数THE SANAM PRONOUNS: Some, Any, None, All, More/MostAnyone, anybody, anything No one, nobody, nothingEach, every (aspronouns) Someone, somebody, somethingEveryone, everybody, everything Whatever, whoeverEither, neither (may require a plural verb i f paired with or/nor)（7）each和every永远单数（8）Subject Phrases and Clauses: Always Singular（9）Flip itWrong: Near those buildings SIT a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.Flip it! A lonely house, inhabited by squatters, SITS near those buildings.Right: Near those buildings SITS a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.第四章Parallelism一、Parallel element1、两个句子平行的时候两边都要有主从连词，否则可能有歧义。

qwe曼昆宏观经济学第六版总结

❖三个重要的宏观经济变量： --实际国内生产总值（Real GDP） --通货膨胀率（inflation rate） --失业率（unemployment rate）
宏观经济学研究的主要问题
❖政府是否应该并且能否干预经济？（宏观经济政策） --政府有形的手是有利还是有害？ --财政政策VS货币政策
1~2章主要内容归纳
❖什么是GDP：所谓国内生产总值是指在一定时期内（通常为一年），一个国家或地区生产的最终产品和服务的市场价值,具体分为实际GDP和名义GDP 从支出的角度看Y=C+I+G+(X-M)=C+I+G+NX
❖GDP平减指数=名义GDP ／实际GDP（这个指标反映了经济中物价总水平所发生的变动）
李嘉图政府债务观点
❖ 李嘉图等价----用债务筹资的减税方法并影响消费
❖理由：
1. 目光短浅
2. 借贷约束
3. 子孙后代
第16~17章消费&投资
❖消费函数：C=c(Y-T) 0﹤c﹤1
❖ 凯恩斯的猜想
1收入增加量
2. 平均消费倾向APC：平均消费随收入的增加而减少 3. 收入决定消费，利率没有重要作用（而古典主义认为：
❖ 事业的原因之一：工资刚性
❖ 它的原因？？？
1. 最低工资法
3. 周期性失业及其原因 2. 工会
4. 自然失业
3. 效率工资
第7~8章经济增长（超长期）
几个重要知识点：
生产函数
投资、折旧、和稳定状态资本的黄金率水平人口增长、技术、经验和政策索洛模型
第7~8章经济增长（超长期）
❖索洛模型重要的等式： 1.Δk= s f(k)–δk（只考虑资本的折旧，其他恒定）

曼哈顿语法

曼哈顿语法
《曼哈顿语法》是一本专门讲解英语语法的书籍，它的作者是美国语言学家 Eileen Fitzpatrick 和 Ellen Schafner。

这本书的内容涵盖了英语语法的各个方面，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词和代词等基础知识，以及复杂的句子结构、时态和语态等高级语法知识。

书中的讲解非常详细，用简明易懂的语言解释了各种语法规则和用法，并提供了大量的例句，以便读者更好地掌握和应用所学知识。

此外，书中还包含了许多练习题和答案，供读者巩固和检验自己的学习成果。

《曼哈顿语法》是一本非常实用的英语语法教材，适合各个年龄段的英语学习者使用。

它不仅可以帮助初学者打好语法基础，还可以帮助进阶学习者提高语言运用能力，提升写作和口语表达水平。

如果你正在学习英语，这是一本不可错过的好书。

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