语法讲义(简单句+祈使句)

简单句：

1）主+ 不及物动词例如：I work.

如：这些动词常见的有：appear, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise，

act, come, go, work, last, grow, fall, cry, blow, disappear, appear, rise, ring,

reduce, read, look, listen ,break等等。

如：The students work very hard.

She apologized to me again.

The accident happened yesterday evening.

核心思想：

1．因为不能够接宾语，所以接了宾语就错了。没有被动语态

2．可转化为及物动词，加了介词就好了。有了被动语态，但有例外：belong to就没有。

3. 不及物动词的过去分词表示，完成而非被动。The fallen leaves, the grown trees, the risen sun.

4. 而现在分词表示进行，the rising sun, the falling leaves.

2）主+ 系+ 表例如：John is busy.

常见的联系动词：be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run

核心思想：系动词是后边可以接形容词的动词。还有半系词之说：smell, feel, sound, taste, look.和appear, turn out, 都没有被动语态。

3）主+ 及物动词+ 宾例如：She studies English.

核心思想：及物动词后没有宾语就是错误的句子，其过去分词表示被动；而现在分词表示主动，进行。如：The letter written in English is from England.

The parents raised (抚养) their baby are busy with some cleaning.

4）主+ 谓+ 间宾+ 直宾

例如：His father gave him an apple。

通常的结构是：V. +近宾+远宾

一介词是用于两个宾语之间。

(1) 接to 构成双宾语的：give, lend, bring, show, tell, write, send, hand, teach, offer, sell, promise, pass.

He gave me a watch.

He gave a watch to me.

(2) 接for 构成双宾语的:buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win

My mother bought me a toy yesterday.

My mother bought a toy for me yesterday.

(3) 接of 构成双宾语的

I will ask him a question.

I will ask a question of him.

二某些动词必须加介词才能够构成双宾语结构

(1)加of构成accuse, warn, inform, rob, cheat, remind, cure, persuade, convince They robbed me of my watch. He was accused of having committed crime.

(2)加for构成：ask, forgive, punish, praise, excuse, search, scold, thank, mistake, Please excuse me for being late.

(3)加from构成：

prevent, discourage, save, keep, protect, stop, free, distract,

He freed me from debt.

He was protected from being hurt by his step-mother.

(4)加with构成：furnish，provide, favor, bother, supply, help, present, trust, arm, charge,

He provided me with a job.

A special one: explain

He explained the reason to me.

He explained me about the reason.

offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.

furnish sb./sth. with sth.= furnish sth. to sb./sth.

supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to /for sb.

provide sb. (with) sth. =provide sth. to/for sb.

5）主+ 及物动词+ 宾+ 宾补

例如：Time would prove me right.

英语中,有些动词接了宾语之后,还需在其后加上一个词或短语来补充说明其状态、特征、身份、动作等,使得句子意思完整。这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构叫作复合宾语,其特点在于宾语与宾补具有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。归纳起来,复合宾语主要有以下几种类型：

A、主+ 及物动词+宾语+名词(或代词)

该结构常用到的动词有：name, find, call, make, elect, find, choose, think, leave, keep, consider等。如：

We call this kind of flower rose.

They made/ elected him monitor.

We found him a suitable man for the job.

You must keep it a secret.

B、主+ 及物动词+宾语+形容词

常用于该结构的动词有：think, believe, find, leave, drive, make, keep, leave, turn, wish, get,