沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-351 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly

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沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-1109 Welding Test Supplement S09 for GTAW, Aluminum, Single Sided

Engineering ProcedureSAEP-1109 6 June 2009 Welding Test Supplement S09for GTAW, Aluminum, Single SidedInspection Engineering Standards Committee MembersKakpovbia, Anthony Eyankwiere, ChairmanRajeh, Saleh Rashid, Vice ChairmanStockenberger, Hans JMc Ghee, Patrick TimothyKhunaizi, Mohammad RedhiSuwaidan, Khalid AliSeyed Mohamed, Abdul CaderBoult, DavidCarrera, R LLangla, Edward CharlesIngram, James YoungKeen, Peter DavidGhamdi, Khalid SalemAlbarillo, Rodolfo CelinoAnazy, Khalid JumaShammary, Hamed AbdulwahabMohsen, Hassan AbdallahSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1Scope (2)Documents (2)Applicable 2Instructions (2)3Previous Issue: 29 October 2003 Next Planned Update: 6 June 2014Next Planned Update: 6 June 2014 for GTAW, Aluminum, Single Sided 1 ScopeThis welder performance qualification Test Supplement shall govern the testing ofwelders with the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process, welding progressionvertical up, for welding aluminum and aluminum alloy pipe.2 Applicable DocumentsThe requirements contained in the following documents apply to the extent specified in this procedure.2.1 Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering ProceduresSAEP-321 Performance Qualification Testing andCertification of Saudi Aramco WeldersSAEP-1107 Welding Test Supplement S07 for GTAW,Stainless Steel.2.2 Industry Code(s) and Standard(s)American Society of Mechanical EngineersASME SEC IX Qualification Standard for Welding and BrazingProcedures, Welders, Brazers, and Weldingand Brazing Operators3 InstructionsConduct the Performance qualification testing of welders following the requirements of SAEP-321 as supplemented by the subsequent instructions.3.1 ApplicationsPiping YesPipelines NoPressure Vessels NoTanks NoStructural Yes3.7 Testing and Inspection RequirementsTime Limit of Test Two (2) hours maximumNext Planned Update: 6 June 2014 for GTAW, Aluminum, Single SidedRadiography 100% (ASME QW-191)Guided-Bend Test 2F and 2R (ASME QW-163)Visual Inspection See paragraph 6.1.3 of SAEP-3213.8 Qualification LimitsMaterial Form Plate or pipeJoint Type Groove welds with and without backing, and filletweldsBase Material Aluminum and aluminum alloys(P21, P22, P23, P25) to each otherProcess GTAWFiller Metal ERXXXX, (A5.10)Gas Backing Argon (2-5 CFH)Base Metal Thickness 0.474" maximumDiameter Range 2.5" NPS and greaterPositions AllVertical Progression Uphill3.9 RestrictionsNone.Revision Summary6 June 2009 Revised the "Next Planned Update". Reaffirmed the contents of the document and reissuedwith editorial change.Next Planned Update: 6 June 2014 for GTAW, Aluminum, Single SidedProcedure Qualification Record (PQR):Scope: For welder qualification onlyBASE MATERIAL (QW-403)Test coupon type:Next Planned Update: 3 May 2014 for GTAW, Aluminum, Single SidedWELD LAYER PROCESSRoot GTAWHot GTAWFill GTAW。

SAES-A-004沙特阿美石油公司管道试压

Previous Issue: 14 November 2009 Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPage 1 of 18 Primary contact: Mc Ghee, Patrick Timothy on 966-3-8736486Engineering StandardSAES-A-00414 December 2009 General Requirements for Pressure TestingInspection Engineering Standards Committee MembersKakpovbia, Anthony Eyankwiere, ChairmanRajeh, Saleh Rashid, Vice ChairmanAlbarillo, Rodolfo CelinoAnazy, Khalid JumaBoult, DavidCarrera, Rene LGhamdi, Khalid SalemIngram, James YoungKeen, Peter DavidKhunaizi, Mohammad RedhiLangla, Edward CharlesMc Ghee, Patrick TimothyMohsen, Hassan AbdallahSeyed Mohamed, Abdul CaderShammary, Hamed AbdulwahabStockenberger, Hans JSuwaidan, Khalid AliSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Conflicts and Deviations (2)3 References (3)4 Definitions (5)5 General Requirements (6)6 Utilizing Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)in Lieu of Pressure Testing (9)7 Specific Testing Requirement (10)8 Preparation for Pressure Test (13)9 Conducting Pressure Test (15)10 Post Pressure Test (16)Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure TestingTable of ContentsAppendix I – Sample Form of Request forNon-Destructive Testing in-Lieuof Hydrostatic Test (18)Appendix II – Sample of SA-2642-ENGPressure Test Report Form (19)Appendix III – Fin Fan Pressure TestDecision Tree (20)1 Scope1.1 This standard defines mandatory general requirements governing in-situpressure testing of new and existing pipelines, plant piping and pressurecontaining process equipment (hereinafter called equipment). Specificrequirements are covered in the specific SAESs applicable to that equipment orpiping system. This standard supplements ASME B31's and other applicablecodes.1.2 The requirements of this standard apply to field/shop fabricated piping systemsand field fabricated equipment.1.3 This standard does not cover pressure testing of new, shop fabricated equipmentsuch as vessels, tanks, heat exchangers and skid mounted piping which arepurchased in accordance with the applicable SAMSS.Exception:Fin-fan coolers are to be tested in accordance with paragraph 7.4.5.1.4 This standard applies to pre start-up leak tests normally conducted byOperations during start-up, commissioning and T&I of the facilities inaccordance with approved plant operating procedures.1.5 This standard does not apply to equipment as excluded in section 8.2.2 Conflicts and Deviations2.1 Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Saudi AramcoEngineering Standards (SAES's), Materials System Specifications (SAMSS's),Standard Drawings (SASD's), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall beresolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through theManager, Inspection Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this standard in writing to the Company orBuyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302and forward such requests to the Manager, Inspection Department of SaudiAramco, Dhahran.Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing3 ReferencesThe selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities required by this standard shall comply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.3.1 Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering ProceduresSAEP-302Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of aMandatory Saudi Aramco EngineeringRequirementSAEP-327Disposal of Wastewater from Cleaning, Flushing,and Dewatering Pipelines and VesselsSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-A-005Safety Instruction SheetSAES-A-007Hydrostatic Testing Fluids and Lay-upProceduresSAES-B-017Fire Water SystemsSAES-D-008Repairs, Alteration, and Re-rating of ProcessEquipmentSAES-D-108Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction of StorageTankSAES-D-109Design of Small TanksSAES-H-001Coating Selection & Application Requirements forIndustrial Plants & EquipmentSAES-H-101Approved Protective Coating Systems forIndustrial Plants and EquipmentSAES-K-001Heating, Ventilating and Air-ConditioningSAES-L-108Selection of ValvesSAES-L-109Selection of flanges, Stud Bolts and GasketsSAES-L-150Pressure Testing of Plant Piping and PipelinesSAES-L-350Construction of Plant PipingSAES-J-901Instrument Air Supply SystemsSAES-S-020Oily Water Drainage SystemsSAES-S-030Storm Water DrainageSAES-S-040Saudi Aramco Water SystemsNext Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure TestingSAES-S-060Saudi Aramco Plumbing CodeSAES-S-070Installation of Utility Piping SystemsSaudi Aramco Materials System Specifications01-SAMSS-010Fabricated Carbon Steel Piping04-SAMSS-048Valve Testing and Inspection Requirements32-SAMSS-004Manufacturing of Pressure Vessels32-SAMSS-005Manufacturing of Atmospheric Tanks32-SAMSS-006Manufacturing of Low Pressure Tanks32-SAMSS-029Manufacturing of Fired HeatersSaudi Aramco Form and Data SheetForm SA-2642-ENG Pressure Test Report FormSaudi Aramco General InstructionsGI-0002.102 Pressure Testing SafelyGI-1781.001 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of FireProtection EquipmentSaudi Aramco Bottled Gas Manual Section V3.2 Industry Codes and StandardsAmerican Petroleum SocietyAPI RP 520Part I - Sizing, Selection, and Installation ofPressure Relieving Devices in Refineries American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE Std 15Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration American Society of Mechanical EngineersASME B31.1Power PipingASME B31.3Process PipingASME B31.4Pipeline Transportation Systems for LiquidHydrocarbons and Other LiquidsASME B31.5Refrigeration PipingASME B31.8Gas Transmission and Distribution PipingSystemsASME B31.9Building Services PipingASME SEC I Rules for Construction of Power BoilersNext Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure TestingASME SEC V Article 10 Leak TestingASME SEC VIII D1Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeASME SEC VIII D2Alternative RulesNational Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel InspectorsNB 23National Board of Inspection CodeUniform Mechanical Code (UMC)Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)4 DefinitionsPressure Test: A test conducted to piping or equipment by subjecting it to an internal pressure using liquid or gas to ensure strength or tightness of the system at the testpressure. Pressure test may be a:∙Hydrostatic Test: A pressure test conducted using water or other approved liquid as the test medium.∙Pneumatic Test: A pressure test conducted using air or other approved gas as the test medium or in conjunction with liquid.∙Pre Start-up Leak Test: A pressure test to ensure tightness of flanged and threaded joints at normal operating pressure. It is normally conducted before initialstart-up, during commissioning or after T&Is.∙Revalidation Test: A pressure test performed to prove the integrity of existing piping or equipment. This test is administered by the proponent organization.∙Service Test: A pressure test conducted at operating pressure using the service fluid.∙Strength Test: A pressure test at an internal pressure determined in accordance with this standard and the applicable Code to verify the integrity of the pipingsystems or equipment for service at the design pressure.∙System Test: An in-situ pressure test applied to a group of piping and equipment tested as a system.∙Tightness Test: A pressure test to ensure tightness of the piping system (i.e., no leaks in the system) at the test pressure.Pressure Test Procedure. Information assembled to ensure all requirements listed inGI-0002.102, all referenced Saudi Aramco standards and Industrial standards are met.Senior Operations’ Representative. The Lead or most senior operations’representative on a new construction project and may be a Facility / Plant Manager ifone has been appointed.Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing5 General Requirements5.1 General Instruction GI-0002.102 "Pressure Testing Safely" shall be followedduring pressure testing.5.2 Pneumatic testing5.2.1 Pneumatic testing is not permitted without written approval of theManager, Inspection Department, unless specifically allowed by thisstandard or the referenced Saudi Aramco SAESs or SAMSSs. This test,when conducted, shall be in accordance with GI-0002.102 for additionalsafety requirements.5.2.2 Pneumatic testing with air of piping systems or equipment which havebeen in flammable service shall be concurred by the Manager, LossPrevention Department.5.3 The effect of the static head of the testing liquid shall be considered whendetermining the effective test pressure of any elements within a tested system.5.4 Test pressures and test durations shall be based on the applicable Aramcostandards.5.5 Protection from OverpressureAll systems (piping and equipment) while being pressure tested shall beprotected from being over pressured by the following:5.5.1 Pressure test relief valve(s) of adequate capacity set to relieve at 5%above the test pressure shall be installed unless the test pressure is lessthan 85% SMYS at which time it can be set at 10% above the testpressure. Sizing of these relief valves used for testing shall follow therequirements of API RP 520, Part 1. The relief valve(s) shall be tested,dated, and tagged within one week prior to the pressure test for newconstruction projects, and within one month for maintenance operations.The pressure test relief valve shall be accompanied with a calibrationcertificate that includes the cold differential test pressure (CDTP), testdate and the spring range. The CDTP shall be within the spring range.5.5.2 In addition to the pressure relieving device, a bleed valve shall beprovided to protect the piping and equipment from overpressure. Thebleed valve shall be readily accessible in case immediatedepressurization is required.5.5.3 An isolation valve shall be provided between the pressure testingmanifold and the system being tested. The isolation valve shall be ratedfor the manifold test pressure when in the closed position.5.5.4 Before employing the pressure testing manifold in the actual systempressure test, it shall be separately pressure tested to at least 1.2 times theNext Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing system test pressure but not less than the discharge pressure of the pumpused for the pressure testing.5.5.4.1 The test manifold shall be designed and constructed to meet theminimum system requirements and approved by theEngineering Division head in operating facilities or responsibleProject Inspection Division head in new construction.5.5.4.2 Test manifolds shall have 100% NDT of all welds.5.5.4.3 Test manifolds for new construction shall be revalidated foreach new project and every 60 months for operating facilities.Commentary Note:System requirements include pressure and temperature ratingson the piping and fittings for the equipment and piping beingtested.5.6 Pressure Test Procedure5.6.1 A pressure test procedure shall be prepared by the responsibleengineering group and made available to responsible inspection groupprior to conducting the test. The test procedure shall be available on siteat all times.5.6.2 The pressure test procedure shall include all required documentationspecified in GI-0002.102, paragraph 5.1.2.5.6.3 During a pneumatic pressure test a leak test shall be performed inaccordance with ASME SEC V Article 10 and Article 10 Appendix Iexcept the pressure shall be 5 - 10 psi. A calculation sheet indicatingadequacy of the pressure test relief valve shall be included in theprocedure.5.7 The requirement for pre start-up leak tests and service tests during initial start-upand T&Is shall be as follows:5.7.1 New systems after strength tests and prior to initial start-up:5.7.1.1 For systems with maximum operating pressures greater than6.894 MPa (1000 psi), a leak test with inert gas, followed by aservice test, shall be conducted at the maximum operatingpressure of the piping system. Oil flowlines, trunklines, testlinesand water injection lines are excluded from this requirement.5.7.1.2 For systems with maximum operating pressures less than6.894 MPa (1000 psi), a pre start-up leak test with inert gas orsteam (if designed for steam service)shall be conducted at theavailable inert gas or steam system pressure (not exceeding themaximum operating pressure), or pressure as recommended bythe facility Engineering Unit responsible for developing the testNext Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testingpackage, followed by a service test at normal operatingpressure of the piping systems. When inert gas or steam arenot available, the service test will satisfy the pre start-up leaktest requirements.5.7.2 Existing systems after T&Is:5.7.2.1 For systems with maximum operating pressures greater than6.894 MPa (1000 psi) which are in hydrogen service or in sourservice with hydrogen sulfide concentrations higher than0.1 mole %:5.7.2.1.1 A pre start-up leak test with inert gas shall beconducted after major T&Is. The test pressure shallbe determined by the plant Operating Department.For minor T&Is, the pre start-up leak test shall beconducted per 5.7.2.2.5.7.2.1.2 The pre start-up leak test shall be followed by aservice test at the normal operating pressure of thepiping.Commentary Note:A major T&I is defined as either a catalyst changeor a major disassembly of flanges, gaskets, etc.The local Operations Engineering Unit andInspection Unit have the responsibility to definewhen a T&I is considered as major. This definitionmust be made during the pre-T&I scope of work toallow Operations sufficient time to have inert gason-site prior to start-up of the facility.5.7.2.2 For all other systems and pressures, a pre start-up leak test withinert gas or steam (if designed for steam service) shall beconducted at the available inert gas or steam system pressure(not exceeding the maximum operating pressure), or atpressure as recommended by responsible OperationsEngineering Unit, followed by a service test at normaloperating pressure of the piping systems. When inert gas orsteam are not available, the service test will satisfy the prestart-up leak test requirements.5.7.2.3 Procedures for both pre start-up leak tests and service testsshall address, to the extent possible, the safety precautionsprovided in GI-0002.102 "Pressure Testing Safely."5.8 If the drop in ambient temperature may cause the test medium to freeze duringthe test, appropriate precautionary measures must be taken to protect theequipment or piping systems.Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing6 Utilizing Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) in Lieu Of Pressure Testing6.1 A request to utilize NDT in-lieu of pressure testing shall be submitted forapproval as permitted in the specific SAES listed in Section 7- “Specific TestingRequirement” below. A sample request form is provided in Appendix I. Thisform shall be processed and approved prior to NDT.6.2 The facility/plant manager will approve the request to utilize NDT in-lieu ofpressure testing for existing facilities and the senior operations’ representativefor new construction projects.6.3 The request for NDT in lieu of hydrotest shall include the requirement for theproponent to:6.3.1 Utilize skilled welders with rejection rate of less than five (5) percent ona joint basis or 0.2% on a linear basis in the most recent past 12 months.6.3.2 Use approved Welding Procedure Specification (WPS).6.3.3 Visually inspect the root and cap pass during the welding process with aSaudi Aramco inspector.6.3.4 Perform 100% radiographic testing (RT) of the butt welds.6.3.5 Perform 100% advanced ultrasonic testing (UT; TOFD and/or PhasedArray) of all welds.6.3.6 RT and advanced UT to be interpreted by ASNT Level III personnel.6.4 A flange tester could be utilized to conduct hydrostatic testing of the flange buttweld in case of flanged tie-in connections.7 Specific Testing RequirementThis section specifies in details which piping or equipment that shall be pressure tested and provides the specific applicable standard. It also defines any specific exemptions.7.1 Plant PipingPressure testing of plant piping shall be in accordance to 01-SAMSS-010,SAES-L-150 and SAES-J-901 for instrument air piping.7.2 Cross-Country PipelinesPressure testing of cross country pipelines shall be in accordance to01-SAMSS-010 and SAES-L-150.7.3 Pressure Vessels7.3.1 Hydrostatic testing for new vessels (shop or field fabricated) shall beconducted as follows:ASME SEC VIII D1 to 32-SAMSS-004, Paragraph 16.3.8.1.ASME SEC VIII D2 to 32-SAMSS-004, Paragraph 16.3.8.2.Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing Pneumatic test, when approved (refer to paragraph 5.2), shall be conductedper UG-100 of ASME SEC VIII D1, or T-4 of ASME SEC VIII D2,whichever is applicable.7.3.2 Pressure testing of small diameter vessels shall be per the appropriatestandard as specified in SAES-D-109.7.3.3 Hydrostatic testing for existing vessels shall be conducted perSAES-D-008, Paragraph 10.1.7.4 Heat Transfer Equipment7.4.1 Hydrostatic tests for existing equipment shall be in accordance withSAES-D-008.7.4.2 For pneumatic testing, refer to paragraph 7.3.17.4.3 Hydrostatic testing of new, field fabricated boilers shall be in accordancewith ASME SEC I. For pressure testing after repair or alteration, refer toSAES-D-008 and National Board Inspection Code, NB 23. Hydrostatictest during T&Is shall be in accordance with the test pressure as specifiedon boiler's safety instruction sheet.Hydrostatic test for new, field fabricated heater tube assembly shall be inaccordance with 32-SAMSS-029.7.4.4 Tube bundles which have been removed from the exchanger shell formaintenance purposes shall be subjected to an in-situ shell side test per7.4.1 prior to returning to service.7.4.5 Fin fan exchangers shall be strength tested as specified below:7.4.5.1 New Construction, refer to Appendix III of this standard.7.4.5.2 Operating facilitiesStrength tested in situ if the equipment has been transported.7.5 Tanks7.5.1 For new, field fabricated tanks, the hydrostatic testing shall be inaccordance with 32-SAMSS-006 for large, low pressure welded tanks; or32-SAMSS-005 for atmospheric steel tank.7.5.2 For existing tanks, the hydrostatic testing shall be in accordance with32-SAMSS-005, 32-SAMSS-006 and SAES-D-108 as applicable.7.6 Fire Protection SystemsPressure testing of new and existing fire protection systems shall be inaccordance with SAES-B-017 and GI-1781.001.7.7 Refrigerant Piping SystemsNext Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing Refrigerant piping serving building air conditioning systems shall be testedaccording to the requirements of SAES-K-001 and the Uniform MechanicalCode (UMC), Section 1520 and ASHRAE Std 15, paragraph 10.7.8 Potable Water SystemsPotable water piping inside buildings shall be tested in accordance with therequirements of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). Exceptions to UPCrequirements are listed in SAES-S-060.Potable water piping outside of buildings shall be tested in accordance with therequirements of SAES-S-040.7.9 Utility Piping SystemsUtility piping systems, including irrigation piping and water distribution mains,shall be tested in accordance with SAES-S-070.7.10 Industrial Drainage and SewersIndustrial drainage and sewers shall be tested in accordance with SAES-S-020.7.11 Sanitary SewersSanitary sewer systems within buildings shall be tested per requirements of theUniform Plumbing Code (UPC). Exceptions to UPC requirements are listed inSAES-S-060.Sanitary sewer lines outside of buildings shall be tested in accordance withSAES-S-070.7.12 Storm Water Drainage SystemsStorm water drainage systems shall be tested per SAES-S-030.7.13 Miscellaneous Building Services PipingSteam and condensate piping outside the jurisdiction of ASME B31.3, heatingand cooling water piping, vacuum and compressed air system piping forbuilding services shall be tested per requirements of ASME B31.9, BuildingServices Piping.7.14 Gas CylindersGas cylinders shall be tested per Saudi Aramco Bottled Gas Manual.7.15 ValvesValves shall be tested in accordance with SAES-L-108 and 04-SAMSS-048.7.16 Non Metallic PipingNon metallic piping such as RTR, Thermoplastic, PVC/UPVC and CPVC shallbe tested in accordance SAES-S-070.Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing7.17 Gasket MaterialAll gaskets used in the pressure test shall conform to the specifications perSAES-L-109.7.18 Internally Coated Equipment or PipingThe hydrotest pressure of all internally coated vessels, tanks or piping shall bereviewed against the coating limitationsper SAES-H-001 and SAES-H-101. Oncompleting the hydrostatic test, the pressure should be reduced gradually toprevent decompression failure of the internal coating.8 Preparation for Pressure Test8.1 Site Preparation8.1.1 An approved test procedure shall be available at the site prior tocommencing any pressure testing activities.8.1.2 New piping systems shall be cleaned in accordance with SAES-L-350.8.1.3 Soft seated valves and control valves shall not be installed until after thelines have been thoroughly flushed.8.1.4 Components in new piping systems which interfere with filling, venting,draining or flushing shall not be installed until after line flushing andpressure testing are completed. These include orifice plates, flownozzles, sight glasses, venturies, positive displacement and turbinemeters and other in-line equipment.8.1.5 Pressure gauges, pressure and temperature recorders.8.1.5.1 All gauges and recorders shall be calibrated prior to use.8.1.5.2 The calibration interval shall not exceed one (1) month prior tothe test date and calibration certificates shall be made availableto Inspection personnel prior to commencement of the pressuretest. Stickers shall be applied indicating the latest calibrationdate.8.1.5.3 All gauges shall have a range such that the test pressure iswithin 30 to 80% of the full range.8.1.5.4 A minimum of two pressure gauges are required for the testsystem. One pressure gage shall be on the test manifold andthe other(s) on the test system. Their accuracy shall be within5% of one another.8.1.5.5 When large systems are tested, Inspection personnel willdetermine the need for additional gauges.Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing8.1.5.6 Pressure and temperature recording gauges shall be used for allburied piping systems on plot and per SAES-L-150 forpipelines.8.1.6 Expansion joints and spring hangers or spring supports shall be providedwith temporary restraints where needed to prevent excessive travel ordeformation under the test loads.8.2 Equipment Excluded from Pressure TestThe following list defines the equipment that shall be excluded from the in-situpressure testing of the tested system. Also, other unlisted sensitive equipment oras designated by Saudi Aramco piping standard committee can be added:8.2.1 Rotating machinery, such as pumps, turbines and compressors;8.2.2 Strainers and filter elements;8.2.3 Pressure relieving devices, such as rupture disks and pressure reliefvalves;8.2.4 Locally mounted indicating pressure gauges, where the test pressure willexceed their scale range;8.2.5 Equipment that cannot be drained;8.2.6 Instrument Devices.8.3 Isolation of Test SectionsBlind flanges, paddle blinds or spectacle blinds shall be used to isolate the testsections. They shall be the same class rating of the system or may be fabricatedfrom verifiable identification of base material and approval of calculations bythe Supervisor, CSD Piping Unit. When this is not practical, closed blockvalves (gate, globe, plug, and ball) may be used to isolate equipment or pipingsections (provided the valves are not passing, otherwise the spectacle plate/blindshall be installed in the closed position). If closed block valves are used in lieuof blinds, provisions shall be made to ensure no overpressure can occur in thesystem that is not being tested, due to possible leak through the valves.When a block valve is used for isolating test sections, the differential pressureacross the valve seat shall not exceed the seat test pressure during pressuretesting and shall not exceed the rated seat pressure during tightness test. Bothsides of this valve shall be protected by relief valves during the test.8.4 Vents and Drains8.4.1 Vents shall be provided at all high points in the tested system as needed.8.4.2 Excluding scrapable, submarine and buried pipelines, drains shall beprovided at all low points in the system and immediately above checkvalves in vertical lines.Next Planned Update: 14 November 2014 General Requirements for Pressure Testing8.4.3 Unless the check valve has a by-pass valve, the disc of the check valveshall be removed, and securely attached to the outside of the check valveprior to the pressure test.8.5 Temporary Connections and Supports8.5.1 Temporary connections shall be provided for de-pressurizing anddraining of the system to the sewer or disposal area.8.5.2 Temporary supports shall be installed prior to hydrostatic testing, andflushing of the piping if they were determined to be required perSAES-L-150. These supports shall not be removed until after the systemhas been fully drained. The structural support system for stackedequipment shall be verified for hydrostatic loads prior to testing.9 Conducting Pressure Test9.1 The test procedures shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable code.In addition, the following requirements shall apply.9.1.1 Filling and pressurizing shall be done on the upstream side of check valvesin the system. The test fluid shall be injected at the lowest point in thesystem to minimize entrapped air. When filling at the lowest point is notpractical, the Inspection Department/ Operations Inspection EngineeringUnit shall be consulted. All vents shall be open during filling.9.1.2 No one shall approach the test area for a minimum of 10 minutes afterthe test pressure is reached and before commencement of inspection ofthe system, the isolation valve between the temporary testmanifold/piping and the piping/equipment under pressure test shall beclosed and the test pump disconnected. The isolation valve downstreamof the manifold shall be opened after the pump is disconnected.9.1.3 During the application of the test pressure, all in-line valves if not usedas test isolation valves shall be in a partially open position.9.2 All piping and equipment shall comply with the lay-up procedures perSAES-A-007.9.3 Test Records shall be recorded on Pressure Test Report Form SA-2642-ENGand the applicable "Safety Instruction Sheet" per SAES-A-005.10 Post Pressure TestAfter pressure testing has been successfully completed and approved by the Owner'sInspector, the following operations shall be made.10.1 Draining of Test Fluid。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-121 Operating Instructions for New Facilities

Previous Issue: 31 August 2002 Next Planned Update: 6 February 2016 Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPage 1 of 7Primary contact: on 966-3-873-5067Engineering ProcedureSAEP-1216 February 2011Operating Instructions for New FacilitiesDocument Responsibility: Project Management Office DepartmentSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope............................................................ 2 2 Applicable Documents................................... 2 3 Instructions.................................................... 2 4 Responsibilities. (2)Attachment 1 – Operating Instructions (4)Next Planned Update: 6 February 2016 Operating Instructions for New Facilities1 ScopeThis Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure (SAEP) describes the format and content for initial or revised operating procedures for all new Saudi Aramco facilities that havemechanical equipment which involve regulation or control. This SAEP also assignsresponsibility for the preparation and revision of the operating procedures.2 Applicable DocumentsThe requirements contained in the following documents apply to the extent specified in this procedure.Saudi Aramco Engineering ProcedureSAEP-122Project RecordsSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardSAES-B-006Fireproofing for PlantsSaudi Aramco Safety Management GuideManagement of Change (MOC)3 InstructionsOperating Instructions shall be separate books and distributed by the Project Manager in accordance with SAEP-122.The content of Operating Instructions depends on the nature of the facility; format shall follow the general arrangement indicated in Attachment I, unless the project involvesmodifications/additions to an existing facility where the Operating Department requires the Project Manager to duplicate the format of existing manuals.4 Responsibilities4.1 New IssuesThe Engineering Contractor is responsible for the preparation of a complete,comprehensive and clear Operating Instructions for new facilities. SuchOperating Instructions shall contain all procedures required to safely start,operate, maintain and shut down the new facilities, including componentequipment. Lay-up measures for short T&I durations shall also have to beaddressed by these procedures.Next Planned Update: 6 February 2016 Operating Instructions for New Facilities Where detailed instructions and trouble-shooting procedures are contained invendor manuals, the Operating Instructions shall refer to the applicabledocuments. The project Management team and the Operating Department shallensure the above requirements are met.4.2 RevisionsThe Operating Department in consultation with Operations Engineering shall beresponsible for modifying the new instructions as required to suit actualoperating conditions when facilities are expanded or replaced by the OperationDepartment. When new installed facilities interface with existing equipment,the Engineering contractor is responsible for updating the existing operatinginstructions to reflect the new equipment and its relationship with the existingoperations. The Process & Control Systems Department, Consulting ServicesDepartment and Inspection Department shall be consulted as appropriate.All changes to process technology, chemicals, equipment, procedures, facilities,buildings or organizations at Saudi Aramco industrial facilities shall besubjected to a Management of Change (MOC) process.The Operating Department shall be responsible for providing ProjectManagement with all portions of the Operating Instructions which relate to theexisting facilities included in the project scope and identify any specificrequirements for operating instruction to be included in the contract package.4.3 ApprovalSoft copy of new Operating instructions should be submitted to the proponentfor review and concurrence with Operations teams. The Operating DepartmentManager is the final approval authority for Operating Instructions for newat least two months prior to the initial start up of new facilities.Revision Summary6 February 2016 Revised the "Next Planned Update". Reaffirmed the contents of the document, and reissuedwith minor changes.Next Planned Update: 6 February 2016 Operating Instructions for New FacilitiesAttachment 1 – Operating InstructionsI Index of Operating InstructionsII Outline for Plant as a wholeA. Introduction1. Purpose of PlantB. General Description1. Process Description2. Description of Unit Flowa) Include Plot Plan, Process Flow Diagrams, Piping and InstrumentDiagramsb) Relief and Vent Systemc) Line Designation Tables (If required by Operations)3. Description of Utilitiesa) Flow descriptions and diagrams of auxiliary systems: air, steam, water,power, fuel, etc.b) Utility Material Balances4. Control Systemsa) Distributed Control Systems (DCS)1. Control Narratives2. Logic Narrativesb) Emergency Shutdown (ESD)1. Control Narratives2. Logic Narrativesc) Management Information Systems (MIS)1. Control Narratives2. Logic NarrativesNext Planned Update: 6 February 2016 Operating Instructions for New Facilitiesd) Alarm Management Systems (AMS)1. Control Narratives2. Logic Narrativese) Fire Protection1. Equipment2. System Narratives5. Emergency Preparednessa) Emergency Preparedness Procedureb) Emergency Shutdown Systems and Alarmsc) Combustible and Toxic Gas Detection6. Overview Drawingsa) Electrical One Line Diagramb) Area Classification Diagramc) Material Selection Diagramd) Valve Operating Diagrame) Hazardous Area Diagramf) Plant LAN or other Control Network Diagramg) Plant Communication Cabling Infrastructure Diagramh) Fire Hazardous Classification Drawings as per SAES-B-006(Fireproofing for Plants)7. General Safety InstructionsC. Operating Instructions1. Preparation of detailed instructions for initial start-up2. Detailed start-up procedure3. Operating procedure logic diagrams4. Troubleshooting logic diagrams/procedures5. Detailed procedure for normal shut-down with checklist or logic diagramsNext Planned Update: 6 February 2016 Operating Instructions for New Facilities6. Detailed emergency shut-down and re-start procedures with checklist or logicdiagramsa) Equipment Failuresb) Utility Failures7. Cause and Effect Diagrams8. Plant hazards requiring special precautions9. Plant network and system securityD. General Equipment Information, Complete Facility Equipment List Including1. Individual Name2. Individual NumberE. Standby EquipmentIdentify all standby equipment and instructions for switchover as well as frequencyof switchover defined.III Outline for Individual EquipmentA. Brief description of Major Equipment1. Purpose of EquipmentB. Operating Instructions1. Preparation for initial start-up with checklist or logic diagrams2. Start-up procedure with checklist or logic diagrams3. Normal operation, including operating variables with checklist or logicdiagram4. Temporary and Emergency Operations5. Shut-down procedure with checklist or logic diagram6. Emergency shut-down procedure7. List of Consumables required for startup including dosing rates, etc.C. Operating Limitations1. Include Safety Instructions Sheets.2. Operating Parameters, Performance Criteria, allowable variances, and a list ofNext Planned Update: 6 February 2016 Operating Instructions for New Facilitiesset points for safety operations in accordance with specified operatingparameters.3. Operating Deviations, steps required to mitigate deviations.4. Consequences of process or operating deviations.5. Procedure for mitigating consequences when an exposure or loss occurs.6. Developed alarms (Process and Safety) within the control system.D. Safety Items and Operational HazardsE. Recommendations for Maintenance and Repairs by Operating PersonnelIV Support SystemsA. Corrosion Protection SystemsB. Communications Systems1. Plant network and system architecture2. Plant network and system security design3. Information technology services and interconnection4. Wireless system5. Others as applicableC. Safety Systems。

阿美公司规范

阿美公司规范04-SAMSS-001.1.NPS 26及以上阀门的磨损余量2.NPS 6 及以上的所有阀门应提供整体弹性闸板。

（例外）3.材料(附加) (增加)所有零件,焊缝和热影响区的焊缝暴露线流体应满足硬度及热处理指定的SAES-A-301的要求；包括堆焊,镀层或涂层材料.应用堆焊或涂层的部件应进行热处理，如有必要，热影响区的条件及参数可依照SAES-A-301(修订) 阀体和阀盖铸钢符合ASTM A216 WCB 或WCC, 或锻钢符合ASTM A1053.1(修订) 内件应是不锈钢AISI Type 410 带硬面阀座圈或阀体阀座圈区域，例如API #8号内件可接受的选择:a)AISI Type 304 or 316 带硬面阀座圈例如API 内件# 12.b)带硬面阀座圈的硬面闸板例如API 内件5#4.低温介质（-45 to -18°C）4.1内件须为不锈钢AISI Type 304 或316. 阀座圈须为硬面加司太立#6或等同(API STD 600 内件# 12).5.填料(附加)5.1 碳氢化合物介质下阀杆填料应是由含碳99% 的端环(John Crane - 1625G 或等同)和石墨中间环(John Crane - 237 或等同) 两种编织石墨丝组成的混合填料6.-101 to -45°C超低温介质(附加–仅指定时适用)6.1-101 to -45°C超低温介质阀门的附加a) 阀门应完全由不锈钢AISI Type 304 或316制造. 阀座圈须为硬面加司太立#6或等同(API STD 600 内件# 12).b) 体盖螺栓连接, 压盖螺栓, 压盖螺栓定位器及阀盖到支架的螺栓连接应为奥氏体不锈钢ASTM A320系列. 相应的螺母应为ASTM A194 8级系列c) (附加) 碳氢化合物介质下阀杆填料应是由含碳99% 的端环(John Crane - 1625G 或等同)和石墨中间环(John Crane - 237 或等同) 两种编织石墨丝组成的混合填料d) 泄压关闭零件的回流边上需钻3-5 mm的小孔. 阀体上应清晰标记流向.e) 泄压关闭零件的回流边上需钻3-5 mm的小孔. 阀体上应清晰标记流向.04-SAMSS-0351.水线要求1.1钢制光滑式密封面法兰垫片的接触面全,需要机械光面精整, 完成射程3.2到6.4微米2.排水管,通风口和阀体其他配件(钢阀)2.1 所有排泄阀门及相关管道零件抗耐腐蚀至少相当于内件材料,最低标准为AISI 316L SS3.材质3.1 当对焊连接阀门用碳钢和最低屈服强度289 MPa (42,000psi)或更高,最高碳含量不得超过0.26%.对于编织阀门,这种限制仅适用于端口。

AESJ002 Technically Acceptable Instrument沙特阿美仪表规范

Engineering StandardSAES-J-002 29 February, 2004 Technically Acceptable InstrumentInstrumentation Standards Committee MembersAl-Awami. L.H., ChairmanAl-Khalifa, A.H.Alqaffas, S.A.Al-Shiha, A.M.Fadley, G.L.Falkenberg, A.R.George, N.A.Hartman, R.A.Hazelwood, W.P.Khan, M.A.Mahmood, B.Trembley, R.J.Saudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Conflicts and Deviations (2)3 References (2)4 General (4)5 Application (5)6 Explanatory Notes (5)7 Technically Acceptable Instruments (6)Previous Issue: 31 December, 2003 Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments 1 ScopeThis Standard lists, by category, instrument Manufacturers whose products have been found, after technical evaluation, to be technically acceptable for use in Saudi Aramco installations. It does not list all instruments that may be technically acceptable for use by Saudi Aramco. It lists only those that have undergone, and passed, Saudi Aramco technical evaluation. This Standard does not apply to purchasing procedures associated with instrument materials for replenishment of SAMS stock.2 Conflicts and Deviations2.1 Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Saudi Aramco EngineeringStandards (SAESs), Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Standard Drawings(SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be resolved in writing by theCompany or Buyer Representative through the Manager, Process & Control SystemsDepartment, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this standard in writing to the Company or BuyerRepresentative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302 and forward suchrequests to the Manager, Process & Control Systems Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.3 ReferencesThe selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering ProcedureSAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a Mandatory SaudiAramco Engineering RequirementSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-J-001 Instrumentation Numerical IndexSAES-J-003 Basic Design CriteriaSAES-J-200 PressureSAES-J-400 TemperatureSAES-J-502 Analyzer SheltersSaudi Aramco Materials System Specifications34-SAMSS-117 Turbine Flow Meters34-SAMSS-118 Positive Displacement Meters34-SAMSS-318 Automatic Tank Gauging Equipment34-SAMSS-511 ChromatographsNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments34-SAMSS-512 Oxygen Analyzers34-SAMSS-514 Combustible Gas and Hydrogen Sulphide Monitors34-SAMSS-515 Moisture Analyzers34-SAMSS-517 Density Meters34-SAMSS-611 Safety Relief Valves Conventional and Balanced Types34-SAMSS-619 Burner Management Systems for Watertube Boilers34-SAMSS-621 ESD Systems - Hard-Wired - Solid-State(Non-Programmable)34-SAMSS-622 ESD Systems - Electromagnetic Relay34-SAMSS-623 Programmable Controller Based ESD Systems34-SAMSS-625 Vibration, Axial Position and Bearing TemperatureMonitoring Systems34-SAMSS-634 Local ZV Shutdown Cabinets and Smart ZV Systems34-SAMSS-711 Control Valves - General Services34-SAMSS-716 Pneumatic Actuators On-Off Service34-SAMSS-717 Hydraulic Valve Actuators34-SAMSS-718 Electric Motor Operated Valve Actuators34-SAMSS-815 Annunciators34-SAMSS-820 Instrument Control Cabinets - Indoor34-SAMSS-821 Instrument Control Cabinets - Outdoor34-SAMSS-830 Programmable Logic Controller34-SAMSS-831 Instrumentation for Packaged Units34-SAMSS-913 Instrumentation and Thermocouple CableSaudi Aramco Standard DrawingsAE-036014 Pole SettingAB-036019 Thermowell Assembly and DetailAC-036413 Orifice Flange Assembly, Raised FaceAB-036414 Orifice Flange Assembly, Ring JointSaudi Aramco Library DrawingDA-950065 Local Shutdown Cabinet with Partial Stroke Test DoubleActing ActuatorDB-950129 Sht 1 & 2 Local Shutdown Cabinet, Conventional DoubleActing/Spring Return ActuatorsSaudi Aramco Instrument Specification SheetsNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable InstrumentsForm 8020-415-ENG Thermocouple (T/C) AssemblyForm 8020-416-ENG Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)Form 8020-418-ENG Thermowell4 General4.1 This Standard is intended to provide guidance to requisition originators and othersresponsible for the development and evaluation of bids for Saudi Aramco's instrumentationrequirements. The products listed below have been identified by Saudi Aramco as technicallyacceptable based on quality in relation to the state of the art, reliability, compatibility withexisting Saudi Aramco equipment and systems, familiarity with the product among SaudiAramco personnel, and, where appropriate, availability of local representatives for technicalassistance and maintenance. Although the instruments are listed by reference to their primaryManufacturers, an identical instrument manufactured by a licensee of a listed Manufacturer isalso technically acceptable.4.2 It is intended that all sources of instrumentation purchase come from the technicallyacceptable instrument manufacturers listed herein. All technically acceptable manufacturers'facilities shall be surveyed and approved by Vendor Inspection. All 9COM categories will bemaintained with an adequate number of technically acceptable instrument manufacturers.Changes to this standard shall be documented and approved in writing by the GeneralSupervisor, Process Instrumentation Division, Process & Control Systems Department, SaudiAramco.4.3 For any instrumentation purchases from manufacturers that are not listed in this standard, arequest for technical evaluation shall be submitted in writing to the General Supervisor,Process Instrumentation Division, P&CSD. The Instrumentation Unit/PID/P&CSD willevaluate the subject instrument product for technical acceptability, and shall inform therequestor in writing of the result. Only after the instrument has been identified as technicallyacceptable, and the manufacturer's facility approved by Vendor Inspection, can the purchaseorder be placed. These instrument products may or may not be added to the technicallyacceptable manufacturer's list.4.4 Some special instrumentation products are identified as 'simple commodities' or 'engineeredsystems'. See section 6 below for the special rules governing technical acceptability andselection of these products.5 ApplicationRequisition originators shall procure instrumentation products from the Manufacturers listed in this standard. When purchase from a Manufacturer not listed in this Standard is contemplated, approval per paragraph 4.3 shall be requested in writing from the General Supervisor, Process Instrumentation Division, Process & Control Systems Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.6 Explanatory NotesThe following notes explain the use of Section 7, Technically Acceptable Instruments.Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments6.1 The number preceding each category title identifies the Standard (SAES), Specification(SAMSS) or Instrument Specification Sheet (ISS Form) associated with that type ofinstrument as listed in SAES-J-001 Instrumentation Numerical Index.6.2 The phrase "Pending Technical Evaluation" following a category heading means thattechnical evaluations of products in that category have not been performed. For theseproducts quotations may be requested from any qualified source. The procedures describedin paragraph 4.3 apply.6.3 The phrase "Not Recommended" following a category heading means that for technicalreasons, Saudi Aramco does not recommend use of that type of instrument. Use of thesedevices for evaluation and developmental applications requires prior written approval by theGeneral Supervisor, Process Instrumentation Division, Process & Control SystemsDepartment, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran. Normally, optional listed technically acceptableinstruments are available.6.4 For various simple commodities, the following note may be referenced in the list oftechnically acceptable instruments. This note shall apply only to those categories in which itis referenced.Commentary Note:The list of Manufacturers in this category is for guidance only. This simplecommodity may be purchased from any qualified source that can comply with themandatory requirements that are listed in each category in which this note isreferenced. The selected vendor should have a valid QA/QC survey records and avalid SA vendor number. Verification of compliance shall be the responsibility ofthe requisition originator. No IU technical evaluation or approval is required.However, ESO will assist in such evaluations when requested to do so.6.5 For various engineered systems the following note may be referenced in the list of technicallyacceptable instruments. This note shall apply only to those categories in which it isreferenced.Commentary Note:It is not practical to list sources of supply for this engineered system. Purchasemay be from any qualified source that can comply with the mandatory requirementsthat are listed in each category in which this note is referenced. Verification ofcompliance shall be the responsibility of the requisition originator. No IU technicalevaluation or approval is required. However, IU will assist in such evaluationswhen requested to do so.6.6 The approved vendors in this standard are listed by company name only. For approvedmanufacturing facilities for any of the listed vendors, refer to Purchasing Department SAPlist.7 Technically Acceptable Instruments100 FlowNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments111 Flow TransmittersD/P TransmittersSee Category 211 - Pressure and Differential Pressure Transmitters112 Flow Indicators112.1 Rotameters9COM - 6000002916 (CCC 340289) - Flowmeter: Variable Area(Rotameter)Emerson-Brooks Instrument DivisionABBKrohneSolartron Mobrey112.2 Flow Sight Glasses9COM - 6000002744 (CCC 340105)Ernst Gage Co.ABBClark-Reliance-Jacoby-Tarbox Corp.Tyco Flow Control-Penberthy112.3 D/P GaugesSee Category 217 - Differential Pressure Gauges113 Flow Switches113.1 D/P Switches – 9COM- 6000002830 (CCC 340198)See Category 213 - Pressure and Differential Pressure Switches113.2 Target Switches – 9COM- 6000002831 (CCC 340199)ITT-McDonnell and MillerSORMagnetrol114 Not Assigned115 Orifice Assemblies115.1 Orifice Plates and Flanges9COM- 6000002792 (CCC 340157) - Orifice Assembly: Plate, Flange,Sealing Ring9COM- 6000002793 (CCC 340158) - Orifice: PlateCommentary note in paragraph 6.4 applies.Mandatory requirements:Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable InstrumentsFor orifice plates - Std. Dwg. AE-036014For RF orifice flanges - Std. Dwg. AC-036413For RJ orifice flanges - Std. Dwg. AB-036414Some qualified Manufacturers are:Emerson-Daniel Div.FMC Energy SystemsVickery - Simms Division /FTI IndustriesSolartron ISA115.2 Meter Runs - Prefabricated Gas: 9COM- 6000002778(CCC 340143) Liquids 9COM- 6000002779 (CCC 340144)Emerson-Daniel Europe, Ltd.FMC Energy SystemsAlderley Systems, Ltd.Imtech Systems B.V.Solartron ISA (For skids up to 20MMSCF/Day)115.3 Orifice Fittings - Retractable Single Chamber9COM- 6000002792 (CCC 340157) - Orifice Assembly: Plate, Flange,Sealing RingEmerson-Daniel Div.FMC Energy Systems115.4 Orifice Fittings - Retractable Dual Chamber9COM- 6000002792 (CCC 3450157) - Orifice Assembly: Plate, Flange,Sealing RingEmerson-Daniel Div.FMC Energy Systems116 Venturi Tubes9COM- 6000007215 (CCC 340095) - Flow Meter: Venturi TubeEmerson-DanielABBFMC Energy SystemsSolartron ISA117 Turbine Meters9COM- 6000002775 (CCC 340140) - Flow Meter: Turbine Type;34-SAMSS-117Emerson-Daniel DivisionFMC Energy SystemsThermo MeasurementBarton Instrument Systems118 Liquid Positive Displacement MetersNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments 9COM- 6000002722 (CCC 340082) - Flow Meter: Positive Displacement Type;34-SAMSS-118Badger Meter, Inc.Bopp and Reuther MessTechnik GMBHFMC Energy SystemsEmerson- Daniel DivisionBarton Instrument Systems119 Liquid Meter Provers119.1 9COM- 6000002772 (CCC 340136) -Meter Prover: BI Directional &AccessoriesEmerson- Daniel DivisionFMC Energy SystemsAlderley119.2 9COM- 6000002773 (CCC 340137)- Meter Prover: Small VolumeProverCalibron SVP (Model S-15 piston type)Emerson- Daniel DivisionAlderley120 Pitot Tubes9COM- 6000002677 (CCC 340032) - Flow Meter: Annubar, Pitot TubeEmerson-Rosemount DivisionMeriam Instruments DivisionSolartron Mobrey121 Magnetic Flowmeters9COM- 6000002735 (CCC 340096) - Flow Meter: MagneticFoxboro Co.ABBBopp and Reuther MessTechnik GMBHSolartron MobreyEmerson-Brooks Instrument DivisionsYokogawa Electric CorporationEmerson-Rosemount Division122 Ultrasonic Flowmeters9COM- 6000002738 (CCC 340099) - Flow Meter: Ultrasonic122.1 Liquid ServiceKrohneGE PanametricsNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments122.2 Gas ServiceEmerson-Daniel DivisionInstrometGE Panametrics122.3 Flare Line ServiceGE PanametricsRoxar Flow Measurement AS (previously Fluenta)122.4 Multipath Ultrasonic Flow Meter9COM- 6000002777 (CCC 340142) - Flow Meter: Multipath UltrasonicEmerson-Daniel DivisionFMCInstrometKrohne123 Vortex Shedding Flowmeters9COM- 6000002739 (CCC 340100) - Flow Meter: Vortex SheddingABBFoxboroSolartron MobreyEmerson-Rosemount DivisionYokogawa Electric Corporation124 Restriction Orifices - Union TypePending Technical Evaluation125 Multi Phase FlowmetersCCC 340094 - Flow Meter: Multiphase9COM- 6000002917 (CCC 340290) - Flow Meter: MultiphaseCommentary note in paragraph 6.2 applies - other vendors "Pending TechnicalApproval"Approved vendors are:3-Phase Measurement ASAgar Corporation, IncorporatedRoxar Flow Measurement AS (previously Fluenta)126 Thermal Flowmeters9COM- 6000002736 (CCC 340097) - Flow Meter: ThermalThermo Systems, Inc.Emerson-Brooks Instruments DivisionFluid Components, Inc.Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments127 Flow Nozzles9COM- 6000002740 (CCC 340101) - Flow NozzleCrane Manufacturing, Inc.Emerson-Daniel DivisionVickery Simms/FTI Industries128Flowmeters - Coriolis Mass- 9COM- 6000002915 (CCC 340288)Commentary note in paragraph 6.2 applies - other vendors "Pending TechnicalApproval"Approved vendors are:Emerson-Micro Motion DivisionFoxboroFMC Energy Systems200 Pressure211 Pressure and Differential Pressure Transmitters9COM- 6000002850 (CCC 340219) - Transmitter: Flow9COM- 6000002851 (CCC 340220) - Transmitter: PressureFoxboro Co.Honeywell, Inc.Emerson-Rosemount DivisionABBSMAR International CorporationYokogawa Electric CorporationSiemens212 Pressure Gauges9COM- 6000002754 (CCC 340116) - Indicator: PressureCommentary note in paragraph 6.4 applies. Mandatory requirements are specified inSAES-J-200. Some qualified manufacturers are:Ametek, Inc. (U.S. Gauge Div.)BudenburgDresser Industries, Ashcroft Instrument Div.Dwyer Instruments, Inc. (Magnehelic)Dresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co./Ashcroft213 Pressure and Differential Pressure Switches9COM- 6000002830 (CCC – 340198) - Switch: Differential Pressure9COM- 6000002834 (CCC – 340202) - Switch: PressureCrane-Barksdale ControlsCustom Controls Sensors, Inc.Dresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co /AshcroftNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments Mercoid Corp.Barton Instrument SystemsUnited Electric ControlsSOR, Inc.214 Multivariable Transmitters9COM- 6000002926 (CCC 340299) - Transmitters MultivariableHoneywell, Inc.Emerson Rosemount Division215 Chemical Seals9COM– 6000002693 (CCC 340052) - Chemical SealAmetek, Inc.Dresser Industries, Instrument Div.Barton Instrument SystemsDresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co /Ashcroft216 (Not Assigned)217 Differential Pressure Gauges9COM- 6000002749 (CCC 340111) - Indicator: Differential PressureBarton Instrument SystemsABBDwyer Instruments, Inc.Dresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co /AshcroftMeriam Instrument300 Level311 D/P Level Transmitters9COM- 6000002849 (CCC 340218) - Transmitter: Level; Differential PressureFoxboro Co.Honeywell, Inc.Emerson- Rosemount DivisionABBYokogawa Electric CorporationSiemensSMAR International Corporation312 Level Gauge Glasses9COM- 6000002744 (CCC 340105) - Glass: Sight9COM- 6000002886 (CCC 340255) - Glass: Level GaugeSimco Engineers Ltd.Clark-Reliance-Jerguson Gage and Valve Co.Tyco Flow Control-Penberthy IncorporatedNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments313 Level Switches - Float and Displacer Type9COM- 6000002832 (CCC 340200) - Switch: LevelInternational, Inc.Mercoid CorporationK-TekSOR, Inc.314 Level Instruments - Displacer9COM- 6000002763 (CCC 340125) -Level Instruments Displacer Type:(Transmitters/Controllers; NA)Emerson- Fisher Control DivisionMasoneilan International, Inc.Dresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co.FoxboroSolartronFMC InvalcoMagnetrol International, Inc.315 Level Instruments - Ultrasonic9COM- 6000002762 (CCC 340124) - Level Instrument: UltrasonicEndress and HauserDrexelbrook Engineering Co.Magnetrol International, Inc.Ohmart/Vega316 Level Instruments - Capacitance9COM- 6000002761 (CCC 340123) - Level Control: Capacitance TypeMagnetrol International, Inc.Solartron MobreyFMC InvalcoDrexelbrook Engineeering Co.Endress + Hauser317 Level Instruments - Nuclear Radiation9COM- 6000002764 (CCC 340126) - Level Instrument: Radiation TypeThermo MeasureTechOhmart/Vega Corp.Endress + Hauser318 Tank Gauging Equipment - Servo and Float9COM- 6000002838 (CCC 340206) - Tank Gauging Equipment: Automatic;34-SAMSS-318Enraf Delft InstrumentsL&J Technologies (Shand and Jurs)Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments Endress + Hauser319 Tank Gauging Equipment - Radar9COM- 6000002822 (CCC 340190) - Tank Gauging Equipment: Automatic; RadarTypeSaab RosemountEnraf Delft Instruments320 Time-Domain-Reflectometry Level Transmitters9COM- 6000007390 (CCC 340132) - Transmitter: Level; TDRMagnetrolKrohne (BM-100 only)K-Tek400 Temperature411 Temperature Transmitters9COM- 6000002852 (CCC 340221) - Transmitter: TemperatureFoxboro Co.Honeywell, Inc.Rosemount, Inc.ABBSMAR International CorporationYokogawa Electric CorporationSiemens412 Temperature Indicators9COM- 6000002756 (CCC 340118) - Indicator: TemperatureCommentary note in paragraph 6.4 applies. Mandatory requirements are specified inSAES-J-400. Some qualified manufacturers are:Ametek, Inc. (U.S. Gauge Div.)Dresser Industries, Ashcroft Instrument Div.ABBThermo Electric CompanyE2 Technology413 Temperature Switches - Mechanical9COM- 6000002835 (CCC 340203) - Switch: TemperatureCustom Contol Sensors, Inc.Kidde-Fenwal IncorporatedMercoid Corp.United Electric Co.SOR, Inc.Dresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co /AshcroftNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments 414 (Not Assigned)415 Thermocouples9COM- 6000002888 (CCC 340258) - ThermocoupleCommentary note in paragraph 6.4 applies. Mandatory requirements are specified inForm 8020-415-ENG. Some qualified manufacturers are:Honeywell, Inc.Minco Products, Inc.Thermo Electric Co.ABBGay Engineering and Sales Co. (GAYESCO)United Electric ControlsConax Buffalo Technologies416 Resistance Temperature Detectors9COM- 6000002814 (CCC 340181) - Resistance Temperature Detector: (RTD)AssemblyCommentary note in paragraph 6.4 applies. Mandatory requirements are specified inForm 8020-416 ENG. Some qualified manufacturers are:Conax Buffalo TechnologiesMinco Products, Inc.Emerson-Rosemount DivisionThermo-Electric Co.ABB417 ThermistorsNot Recommended418 Thermowells9COM- 6000002845 (CCC 340214) - Thermowell:Standard Drawing AB-036019Commentary note in paragraph 6.4 applies. Mandatory requirements are specified inForm 8020-418 ENG. Some qualified manufacturers are:Dresser Industries, Ashcroft Instrument Div.Minco Products, Inc.Thermo Electric Co.ABBConax Buffalo TechnologiesDresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co /Ashcroft419 Temperature Monitor Systems9COM- 6000002780 (CCC 340145): Monitor:34-SAMSS-625GE Power Systems-Bently Nevada Corp.Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments Rockwell Automation- Entek (IRD)Ametek-Rochester InstrumentThermo MeasurementSKF Condition Monitoring500 Analytical511 Chromatographs9COM- 6000002914 (CCC 340287) - Chromatograph: Process Gas or Liquid;34-SAMSS-511Siemens-Applied AutomationYokogawa Electric CorporationABB Process Analytics512 Oxygen Analyzers9COM- 6000002666 (CCC 340020) - Analyzer: Oxygen;34-SAMSS-512Ametek Process & Analytical InstrumentsServomexABBSiemens-Applied AutomationTeledyne Analytical InstrumentsEmerson- Rosemount Analytical DivisionGE PanametricsYokogawa Electric Corporation513 pH Analyzers9COM- 6000002667 (CCC 340022) - Analyzer: pHABBFoxboro Co.GLI InternationalHoriba InstrumentsEmerson - Rosemount Analytical DivisionYokogawa Electric Corporation514 Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors9COM- 6000002786 (CCC 340151) - Monitor: Hydrogen Sulfide in Air;34-SAMSS-514General MonitorsDetector ElectronicsDetcon, Inc.515 Trace Moisture Analyzers9COM- 6000002664 (CCC 340018) - Analyzer: Moisture;34-SAMSS-515Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments GE PanametricsAlpha Moisture SystemsShaw Moisture MetersAmetek Process & Analytical Instruments516 Analyzer Shelters9COM- 6000002898 (CCC 340270) - Analyzer Building, SAES-J-502ABB PastechSiemens Applied Automation517 Density Meters - Gas and Liquid9COM- 6000002720 (CCC 340080) - Density Meter: Gas and Liquid Service;34-SAMSS-517Thermo Measurement-SarasotaSolartron MobreyYokogawa Electric Corporation518 Gravitometers9COM- 6000002746 (CCC 340107) - GravitometerThermo Measurement-SarasotaSolartron Mobrey519 (Not Assigned)520 BS&W Analyzers9COM- 6000002655 (CCC 340008) - Analyzer: Bottom Sediment and WaterThermo MeasurementFMC-InvalcoHalliburton Energy ServicesAgar Corporation521 Chlorine Analyzers and Chlorinators9COM- 6000002658 (CCC 340011) - Analyzer: ChlorineABBEmerson-Rosemount AnalyticalYokogawa Electric CorporationGLI International522 Combustible Gas Monitors9COM- 6000002782 (CCC 340147) - Monitor: Combustible Gas9COM- 6000002787 (CCC 340152) - Monitor: Open Path Combustible Gas;34-SAMSS-514General Monitors, Inc.Detector ElectronicsNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments Detcon, Inc.523 Conductivity Analyzers9COM- 6000002660 (CCC 340013) - Analyzer: ConductivityEmerson-Rosemount AnalyticalGLI InternationalYokogawa Electric CorporationHoribaABB530 Process Color Analyzers9COM- 6000002659 (CCC 340012) - Analyzer: ColorHoribaABBAmetekMetrisa, Inc.610 Surge relief Valves, 9COM- 6000002896 (CCC 340267)610.1 Gas Loaded Surge Relief ValvesEmerson-Daniel DivisionSPX-Daniel Valve Company610.2 Pilot Operated Surge Relief ValvesEmerson-Daniel DivisionSPX-Daniel Valve CompanyControl Component, Inc.611 Safety Relief Valves - Flanged Conventional and Balanced9COM- 6000002869 (CCC 340238) - Valve: Safety Relief, Flanged Conventionaland Balanced Bellows Type; 34-SAMSS-611Tyco-Anderson GreenwoodDresser Industries (Consolidated)Dresser Al-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co.Tyco- Safety Systems UKFarris Engineering612 Safety Relief Valves Pilot Operated9COM- 6000002868 (CCC 340237) - Valve: Safety Relief; Pilot Type612.1 For Processing PlantsTyco-Anderson GreenwoodDresser Industries (Consolidated)Dresser AL-Rushaid Valve & Instrument Co.Next Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable InstrumentsTyco- Safety Systems UKFarris Engineering612.2 For Storage Tanks and SpheroidsTyco – Whessoe (UK Factory)Tyco – Varec (USA Factory)Tyco-Anderson-Greenwood Crosby613 Vent Valves9COM- 6000002867 (CCC 340236) - Valve: Pressure Vacuum VentFor Pressure and Vacuum TanksTyco-Anderson-GreenwoodL&J Technology Co. (Shand & Jurs)Tyco – Whessoe (UK Factory)Tyco – Varec (USA Factory)614 Rupture Discs9COM- 6000002815 (CCC 340182) - Rupture Disc AssemblyBS&B Safety Systems, Inc.Fike Metal Products Corp.615 Flame Arrestors9COM- 6000002679 (CCC 340034) - Arrestor: FlameL&J Technologies (Shand and Jurs)Tyco – Varec616 Check Valve (Gauge Glasses)9COM- 6000002680 (CCC 340035)- Valve: Backflow Preventer9COM- 6000002854 (CCC 340223) - Valve: Check; Level Gauge Glass; FlowShut-OffClark-Reliance-Jerguson Gage and Valve Co.Tyco Flow Control-Penberthy IncorporatedSimco Engineers617 Flame Monitoring Systems9COM- 6000002732 (CCC 340092) - Flame Monitoring;34-SAMSS-619Fire EyeForney CorporationHoneywell, Inc.Hamworthy Combustion EngineeringABB618 Fire Detection Systems DeletedNext Planned Update: 1 March, 2006 Technically Acceptable Instruments619 Burner Management Systems for Watertube BoilersSee Category 623 ESD Systems for acceptable hardware vendors.620 Purge Systems Deleted621 ESD Solid State Logic Systems9COM- 6000002725 (CCC 340085) - Emergency Shutdown System: Solid StateLogic; 34-SAMSS-621Commentary note in paragraph 6.2 applies - other vendors pending technicalapprovalHIMA (Planar4 System)Yokogawa [Prosafe-DSP (SLS) System]622 ESD Relay Systems9COM- 6000002724 (CCC 340084) - Emergency Shutdown System: Relay;34-SAMSS-622Commentary note in paragraph 6.2 applies - other vendors pending technicalapprovalSilvertech623 ESD Programmable Controller Systems9COM- 6000002723(CCC 340083) - Emergency ShutdownProgrammable Logic Controller; 34-SAMSS-623Triconex Corporation (Tricon Versions 8&9)ICS Triplex (Regent, Regent Plus+ &Trusted)624 Speed Sensors (RPM)9COM- 6000002820 (CCC 340187) - Sensor: SpeedAI-TEK (Previously Airpax)GE Power Systems-Bently Nevada Corp.Woodward GovernorSKF Condition MonitoringRockwell Automation- Entek (IRD)625 Vibration Monitors - Noncontacting Type9COM- 6000002796 (CCC 340162) - Vibration MonitoringNon-Contacting Vibration and Axial Position; 34-SAMSS-625GE Power Systems-Bently Nevada Corp.Rockwell Automation- Entek (IRD)Bruel and KjaerSKF Condition Monitoring627 Shutdown Cabinets - Local, Pneumatic (Deleted)。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-22 Tank Calibration Requirements

Previous Issue: 28 April 2009 Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPage 1 of 15Primary contact: Maatoug, Maatoug A on 966-3- 8747960Engineering ProcedureSAEP-2222 May 2011Tank Calibration RequirementsDocument Responsibility: Custody Measurement Standards CommitteeSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope............................................................2 2 Conflicts and Deviations................................ 23 Applicable Documents................................... 24 Definitions and Acronyms.............................. 35 Instructions.................................................... 56 Responsibilities.............................................. 87 Activity Matrix.............................................. 10 Attachment I – Required Information on the Tank Capacity Table................. 12 Attachment II – Qualifications of theThird Party Inspection Agency (15)Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements 1 ScopeThis procedure establishes the instructions and responsibilities for the calibration ofall Saudi Aramco royalty/custody tank gauging applications. This procedure is alsoapplicable to the inventory tanks that have the potential to be used for custody orroyalty measurement applications in case of the metering system failures. Organizations for which responsibilities are specified include, but are not limited to:∙The Proponent Organization∙Saudi Aramco Project Management Team (SAPMT)∙Process & Control Systems Department (P&CSD)2 Conflicts and Deviations2.1 Any conflicts between this procedure and other applicable Saudi AramcoEngineering Standards (SAESs), Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs),Standard Drawings (SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall beresolved in writing by the Manager, Process & Control Systems Department ofSaudi Aramco, Dhahran.2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this procedure in writing in accordance withSAEP-302 to the Manager, Process & Control Systems Department of SaudiAramco, Dhahran.2.3 Direct all requests for interpretation of this procedure in writing to the Chairman,Custody Measurement Standards Committee for resolution. The Chairman,Custody Measurement Standards Committee shall be solely responsible fordetermining whether a proposed request meets the requirements of this procedure.3 Applicable DocumentsThe procedures covered by this document shall comply with the latest edition of thereferences listed below, unless otherwise noted:3.1 Saudi Aramco ReferenceSaudi Aramco Engineering ProcedureSAEP-302Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of aMandatory Saudi Aramco EngineeringRequirementNext Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements3.2 Industry Codes and StandardsAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) Manual of Petroleum MeasurementStandards (MPMS)Chapter 2.2A Measurement and Calibration of UprightCylindrical Tanks by the Manual StrappingMethodChapter 2.2B Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks usingthe Optical-Reference Line MethodChapter 2.2C Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks usingthe Optical-Triangulation MethodChapter 2.2D Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks usingthe Internal Electro-optical Distance RangingMethodChapter 2.2E Calibration of Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks-Part 1: Manual MethodsChapter 2.2F Calibration of Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks-Part 2: Internal Electro-Optical Distance-Ranging MethodStandard 2552 Method for Measurement and Calibration ofSpheres and SpheroidsStandard 2555 Liquid Calibration of Tanks4 Definitions and Acronyms4.1 DefinitionsApprove: Review and formal acceptance characterized by the signature of thefinal authorizing individual or organization.Capacity Table: A table often referred to as a tank capacity table or calibrationtable, showing the capacities of or volumes in a tank for various liquid levelsmeasured from the reference gauge point.Critical Zone: The region between initial and complete flotation of a floatingroof.Custody Transfer Measurement: A specialized form of measurement thatprovides quantity and quality information used for the physical and fiscaldocumentation of a change in ownership and/or responsibility of hydrocarboncommodities. This includes measurement of hydrocarbon liquid movementsNext Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements(deliveries or receipts) between Saudi Aramco and its customers, suppliers, jointventures and transport contractors including VELA ships.Customer: The party that takes ownership or responsibility of a hydrocarboncommodity from Saudi Aramco.Datum plate: A level metal plate located directly under the reference gaugepoint to provide a fixed contact surface from which liquid depth measurementcan be made.Deadwood: Deadwood refers to any object within the tank, including a floatingroof, which displaces liquid and reduces the capacity of the tank; also anypermanent appurtenances on the outside of the tank, such as cleanout boxes ormanholes, which increase the capacity of the tank. Deadwood is positive if itincreases tank capacity or negative if it decreases capacity.External Floating Roof: A cover over an open top storage tank consisting of adeck which rests upon the liquid being contained.Internal Floating Roof: A cover within a fixed roof tank which rests upon thepetroleum liquid being contained.Master Tape: A tape that is used for calibrating working tapes for tankmeasurements and is identified with a report of calibration at 68°F (20°C) and aspecific tension designated by the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST) or an equivalent international standard organization.Recomputation: The process of re-generating the capacity tables through softcalculations, without repeating the field calibration measurements. It involves,simply, updating or revising the capacity table using previously established tankdiametersReference Gauge Height: The distance from the datum plate or tank bottom tothe reference gauge point.Royalty Measurement: A specialized form of measurement that is used as thebasis for paying royalty to the Saudi Arabian Government.SAP: The Saudi Aramco main system for enterprise resource management.Spheres: A stationary liquid storage tank, supported on columns so that theentire tank shall be aboveground.Spheroid: A stationary liquid storage tank having a shell of double curvature.Any horizontal cross-section is a series of circular arcs.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements Strapping: The measurement of the external circumference of a vertical orhorizontal cylindrical tank by stretching a steel tape around each course of thetank's plates and recording the measurement.Tank Calibration: The process of determining the capacity of a tank throughfield measurements.Third Party Inspection Agency: An independent inspection agency whosefunction is to conduct an unbiased inspection of certain systems, equipment,materials, etc., against a set of standards, guidelines or procedures. For purposesof this SAEP, the Third Party Inspector has particular knowledge of andexperience of conducting tank calibration in accordance with industry custodymeasurement standards and procedures.4.2 AbbreviationsAPI American Petroleum InstituteCMU Custody Measurement Unit of Process & Control SystemsDepartmentEODR Electro Optical Distance RangingORLM Optical Reference Line MethodMPMS Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsP&CSD Process & Control Systems DepartmentSA Saudi AramcoSAEP Saudi Aramco Engineering ProcedureSAES Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardSAMSS Saudi Aramco Material SpecificationSAP Systems Application ProgrammingSASD Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard Drawing5 Instructions5.1 GeneralThis procedure shall be used in conjunction with existing international standardsand is not intended to replace the standards referred to in Section 3 above.The reference temperature for all tank capacity tables shall be 60°F forRefineries, Terminals, Gas Plants and 15°C for Distribution Operations.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements5.2 Calibration/Re-calibration FrequenciesAll new tanks/vessels used for custody transfer measurement must undergocalibration prior to being put in service.All tanks/vessels must be recalibrated in conjunction with Testing andInspection (T&I), or when a major repair is don for tank bottom.The upright cylindrical tank shall be recalibrated in accordance within volume detected to invoke this appendix requirement.5.3 Precalibration PreparationsPrior to calibration, the upright cylindrical tanks, horizontal tanks, spheres andspheroids must have been filled to 95% of their design operating capacity for aminimum period of 24 hours with a liquid at least as dense as the product theywill normally store.Commentary Note:This requirement is considered met if the tank/vessel has been already hydro-tested.5.4 Recomputation RequirementsThe capacity table of horizontal tanks, spheres and spheroids must berecomputed if variation in product operating temperatures and temperatureassumed during calibration is greater than 11°C (20°F).Commentary Note:Variations in the product's calibration specific gravity and operating specificgravity greater than 20% will require a recomputation of the table, due to thehydrostatic head effect expansion on tanks/vessels.Floating roof correction table requires recomputation when any variation in theroof's weight, due to repairs or modifications, results in a change in the roofdeadweight that altered the tank predetermined volume by 0.02% or more.Commentary Note:While recalibration involves reestablishing tank diameters through standardcalibration methods and developing new tank capacity tables for custody andnon-custody transfers, recomputation, involves simply updating or revising thecapacity table using previously established tank diameters.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements5.5 Acceptable Calibration TechnologiesFollowing is a list of the calibration technologies acceptable for tank/vesselcalibrations along with the reference standard the methods' implementationshould comply to. The methods are arranged in the order of priority, based onthe most efficient means of calibration for a given set of conditions.(1) Internal Electro Optical Distance Ranging Method (EODR),API Chapter 2.2D(2) Internal Electro Optical Distance Ranging Method (EODR),API Chapter 2.2F(3) Optical Reference Line Method (ORLM), API Chapter 2.2B(4) Manual Strapping Method(Strapping), API Chapter 2.2A(5) Optical Triangulation Method, API Chapter 2.2C(6) Manual Methods, API Chapter 2.2E(7) Liquid Calibration, API 2555(8) Method for Measurement and Calibration of Spheres and Spheroids,API STD 2552Commentary Note:All these methods essentially provide alternate techniques for measuring tankdiameters. While manual strapping is limited to external calibrations, theremaining methods can be used either externally or internally.5.6 Technology Selection Guidelinesa. The application of the EODR shall be limited to tanks/vessels that aregreater than 5 meters in diameter.b. The application of liquid calibration shall be limited to tanks/vessels thatare smaller than 5 meters in diameter.c. If a tank/vessel is insulated, it should be calibrated internally.d. External and internal EODR shall be used for all tanks/vessels that aregreater than 5 meters in diameter with no insulation.e. Either Internal or external ORLM shall be used for floating roof tanks.f. External ORLM can be used for fixed roof tanks with no insulation andhaving not more than a single wind girder.g. If the tank has multiple external wind girders, it should be calibrated eitherby external/internal EODR or internal ORLM.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirementsh.bottom elevations shall be sighted along radii every 45 degrees. Alongthese radii, elevations should be obtained at equally spaced intervals notmore than 10 feet (3 meters) from the tank's center to its shell. Liquidcalibration method is permitted to be used whenever the tank containsirregular shaped deadwood (e.g., steam coils, etc.).i. Spheres and spheroids shall be calibrated in accordance with API STD2552, Method for Measurement and Calibration of Spheres and Spheroids.6 ResponsibilitiesThe Saudi Aramco organizations with tank/vessels calibration responsibilities shallensure that their personnel become familiar with this SAEP.6.1 Saudi Aramco Project Management Team (SAPMT)a. Initiate calibration request for new tanks/vessels,b. Inform CMU of the calibration of new tanks only if is used for royaltytransfer,c. Request list of Approved Third Party Inspection Agencies,d. Contract tank calibrations to an approved Third Party Inspection Agency,e. Inform the Proponent to witness the calibration process,f. Obtain the capacity tables from the Third Party Inspection Agency,g. Request CMU's review for capacity tables of new royalty tanks,h. Provide two hardcopy and two electronic tables in US Customary unitsand/or (based on application requirement) SI units of the final approvedcalibration calculation and the capacity table to the Proponent.i. Close the activity.6.2 The Proponent Organizationa. Initiate requests for in-service tanks/vessels per the frequencyrequirements set forth in Section 5.2 above,b. Inform CMU of the calibration of new tanks if it is used for royaltytransfer applications,c. Request list of the approved Third Party Inspection Agencies,d. Contract tank calibrations to an approved Third Party Inspection Agency,e. Provide the operating data (operating temperature, density at operatingtemperature, operating pressure) to the Third Party Inspection Agency,Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirementsf. Ensure the equipment used has been calibrated and has valid certificatesthat are traceable to National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST)or other approved standards organization,g. Witness the field calibration process and ensure that the Third PartyInspection Agency is performing the tank/vessel calibration calculations inaccordance API MPMS Chapter 2.2A and API STD 2552, including, butnot limited to, the following capacity table correction factors,i. master tape corrections.ii. working tape correction.iii. tape rise correction.iv. tank shell temperature expansion correction.v. hydrostatic head effect correction.vi. tilt correction.vii. floating roof gravity adjustment.h. Consult with CMU if a technical inquiry about the calibration and/ordocumentation process cannot be resolved internally,i. Review the draft calibration calculations,j. Review the produced capacity tables and make sure they comply with the requirements in Attachment I,k. Submit the capacity tables for the calibration of the new tanks to theSAPMT,l. Submit initial capacity tables of new royalty tanks only to CMU forreview.m. Maintain two hardcopy and two electronic tables in US Customary units and/or (based on application requirement) SI units of the final approvedcalibration calculation and the capacity table to the proponent,n. Update the SAP Tank Gauging System with the new approved capacitytable, if applicable,o. Inform the SAPMT of the completion of the tank calibration,p. Commission the tank,q. Close the activity.6.3 Process & Control Systems Department (P&CSD)The Process & Control Systems Department/Custody Measurement Unit (CMU)is responsible for providing technical assistance to the Proponent(s) on mattersNext Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements pertaining to tank calibrations. Specific responsibilities of CMU aresummarized below:a. Review the qualifications of the Third Party Inspection Agencies and makesure they meet all of the requirements detailed in Attachment II.b. Maintain the list of Approved Third Party Inspection Agencies.c. Submit the list of the Approved Third Party Inspection Agencies to theSAPMT and the Proponent upon request.d. Upon request from the proponent, provide consultation if a technicalinquiry about the calibration and/or documentation process cannot beresolved internally.e. Review initial capacity tables of new royalty tanks only.7 Activity MatrixThe following matrix summarizes the general sequence of activities and corresponding responsible organizations for calibrating tanks. Detailed requirements for eachorganization are specified in Section 6.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration RequirementsNote:(1) SAPMT initiates calibration request for new tanks/vessels. The Proponent initiates calibrationrequest for tanks/vessels in-service per the frequency requirements set forth in Section 5 above.For BI-1900, the proponent will assume the responsibilities of SAPMT.Revision Summary22 May 2011 Revised the "Next Planned Update". Reaffirmed the contents of the document, and reissuedwith minor changes.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements Attachment I – Required Information on the Tank Capacity TableThe final capacity table should contain the following minimum documentation details:1. Tank Identificationa. The site or installation tank numberb. Location Titled with “Saudi Arabian Oil Company”c. The type of tank in serviced. The name of the plant, owner or operatore. The name and address of the calibration authority or company which carriedout the calibration.2. Product InformationThe product name and density of the liquid stored in the tank when in service andused in the computation of the tank capacity tables.3. Operational Detailsa. The standard temperature (60°F for U.S. Customary, or 15°C for metrictables) for which the tank capacity table has been calculated.b. Operating temperature and pressurec. Table type (innage or ullage)4. Traceability and Tracking Detailsa. The date a new tank was first calibratedb. The date an old tank was recalibratedc. Calibration agent reference document numberd. The date the tank was recomputed, and the method used for recomputatione. The date of the calibration along with specific references to the methodadopted in calibrating the tank bottomf. Page numberg. Reference to the standard on which the calibration is basedh. The Third Party Inspection Agency shall sign and stamp each page of thecertificate.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements5. Tank Dimensionsa. The nominal height and diameter of the tankb. Description of the tank bottom type, along with the method used todetermine the bottom volumec. Integrated deadwood, accurately accounted for as to location and volume,and included as an attachmentd. Note on capacity table that the volume below the striking plate is included inthe first measuremente. The shell height, is measured as the vertical distance between the bottom ofthe bottom angle and top of the top angle and measured near the referencegauge hatchf. Reference height measurement point locations shall be clearly identified ontank capacity tablesg. The height of the datum-points(s) with reference to the junction of the tankshell and bottom platingh. If an automatic gauging system is installed, the height of the gauge datumpoint with reference to the junction of the tank shell and bottom platingi. Maximum fill heightj. Safe fill height specified by the tank ownerk. The amount of tilt in shell height is measured and recorded.l. Height of the striking point (datum plate) from the tank bottom platem. The decimal (fraction) average volume for each strapping page.6. Floating Roof Informationa. The allowance for the roof is to be treated as deadwood and incorporated inthe tank capacity table directly, not as a separate attachmentb. The density of the liquid for which the roof has been calculated shall berecorded on the table directlyc. The apparent mass in air of the roof and accessoriesd. The displacement volume of the roof and the floating roof correction factormethod statemente. A defined level (Level A), with the distance above the dip point designatingwhere the roof is at restf. A defined level (Level B), with the distance when the roof is just fullyfloating in the lowest-density liquid to be contained in the tankNext Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirementsg. The part of the capacity table between Level A and Level B is marked as“Not Accurate”h. Critical zones shall be identified within the tablei. The range where floating roof adjustment not to be performed.7. Tank Shell Correctiona. A shell temperature expansion factor table is to be developed in incrementsof 5°F or 3°C and included as an attachment to the capacity table for aspecific operating range.b. Include the equation for determining the shell temperature.Next Planned Update: 22 May 2016 Tank Calibration Requirements Attachment II – Qualifications of the Third Party Inspection AgencyThe Third Party Inspection Agency shall meet all of the following requirements:1. The agency has provided similar services for a minimum of 3 years. It shallsubmit a list of companies for which it has provided similar calibration servicesover the preceding 3 years.2. The agency's personnel performing the field measurements and calculations musthave a minimum of one year experience with the application of the APItank/vessel calibration standards. Experience shall be documented by submittal ofresume and verifiable work histories.3. The agency shall have written procedures which meet the requirements of APItank/vessel calibration standards. It shall submit the written procedures forreview.4. The agency shall have equipment as specified in API MPMS Chapter 2.2. It shallsubmit a list of the equipment it intends to use along with corresponding validcalibration certificates.5. The agency shall demonstrate it is ISO-certified and that it is activelyadministering a quality assurance program. It shall submit a copy of its ISOcertification and his quality assurance program details for review.6. The agency shall demonstrate that it is capable of performing the tank/vesselcalibration calculations. It shall provide a minimum of two samples of previouscalibration results, including field data and all calculations.7. The agency shall provide financial and insurance documentations as deemednecessary by the Contracting Unit to ensure he has adequate liability coverage fordamages done to Saudi Aramco facilities.。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-341 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure

Previous Issue: 26 July 2009 Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017Page 1 of 14 Primary contact: Odan, Nabeel Mohammad on 966-3-8809506Engineering ProcedureSAEP-34120 October 2012 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure Document Responsibility: Pumps, Seals & Mixers Standards CommitteeSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Applicable Equipment Typesand Required LCC Data (2)3 Applicable Documents (3)4 Instructions (4)Appendix A – Calculation Methodsfor Life Cycle Cost Analysis (9)Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure1 ScopeThis procedure provides instructions for economically evaluating major equipmentpurchases with regards to their estimated total ownership cost (Life Cycle Cost) toSaudi Aramco over a twenty (20) years period. These costs include procurement andoperation cost (energy cost and quantifiable periodic maintenance) of the equipment.This procedure details the requirements for determining Life Cycle Costs (LCC) forpurchases of major equipment identified in Section 2. The applicable LCC analysisSpreadsheets provide a practical vehicle for performing the required calculations.2 Applicable Equipment Types and Required LCC DataNext Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure 3 Applicable Documents3.1 Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications14-SAMSS-531Power Transformers17-SAMSS-502Induction Motors17-SAMSS-510Brushless Synchronous Generator17-SAMSS-520Synchronous Motors31-SAMSS-001Centrifugal Compressors31-SAMSS-004Centrifugal Pumps31-SAMSS-006Integrally Geared Centrifugal Compressor32-SAMSS-021Manufacture of Industrial Boilers32-SAMSS-029Manufacture of Fired Heaters3.2 Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-F-001Design Criteria of Fired HeatersSAES-G-005Centrifugal PumpsSAES-K-402Centrifugal CompressorsSAES-P-113Large Electrical MotorsSAES-P-121Power Transformers3.3 Saudi Aramco Standards Data Sheet2741-ENG & Centrifugal Pump Data Sheet for2741-M-ENG Horizontal Pumps and Vertical In-line Pumps2748-ENG & Centrifugal Pump Data Sheet for2748-M-ENG Vertical Line Shaft Pumps8150-ENG & Packaged Integrally Geared Centrifugal8150-M-ENG Air Compressor Data SheetForm 9550-ENG Watertube Boiler Data Sheets (herein referred to asData Sheet)175-323700Manufacture of Fired Heaters3.4 Life Cycle Cost SpreadsheetsThe following spreadsheets are to be used in the analysis and are available in theForms section of the Engineering Standards website:LCC-001Centrifugal Pumps (31-SAMSS-004) *Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost ProcedureLCC-002Centrifugal Pump-Motor Trains (31-SAMSS-004)LCC-005Centrifugal Compressors (31-SAMSS-001) *LCC-006Centrifugal Compressor-Motor Trains(31-SAMSS-001)LCC-010Integrally Geared Centrifugal Compressor-MotorTrains (31-SAMSS-006)LCC-019Induction Motors (17-SAMSS-502) *LCC-020Synchronous Motors (17-SAMSS-520) *LCC-023Power Transformers (14-SAMSS-531)LCC-024Boilers (32-SAMSS-029)LCC-024A Dual Fuel Boilers (32-SAMSS-021)LCC-025Fired Heaters (32-SAMSS-029)LCC-025A Dual Fuel Fired Heaters (32-SAMSS-029)* These spreadsheets are to be used when buying stand-alone pumps,compressors, or motors. For equipment trains (i.e., motor driven pump train,etc.), the train work sheets are to be used.4 Instructions4.1 SAPMT Submittal of Project Equipment ListsSaudi Aramco Project Management Team (SAPMT) shall prepare and includethe following items in the project proposal documents:4.1.1 A list of the Project's equipment items that are covered by the aboveSAMSS.4.1.2 A list of equipment items subject to LCC analysis. This list is to beincluded in schedule G of the contract. A copy is to be sent toEstimating Services Division (ESD/PMOD) so that they includeadditional allowances in the ER estimate to cover the differential inequipment cost due to LCC analysis.4.1.3 A list of equipment items with long lead-time delivery that may requireexpedited SAPMT bid development.4.1.4 A list of the latest applicable energy costs obtained from FPD.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure4.2 Equipment Requiring SAPMT Bid DevelopmentFor equipment requiring SAPMT bid development prior to contract award (longlead equipment), the following steps shall be implemented:4.2.1 Upon receipt of the equipment bids, SAPMT's technical evaluation shallensure that the bids contain the required data needed to perform LCCanalysis.4.2.2 SAPMT shall submit the bids technical data to CSD for review and shallhighlight the technical LCC data (i.e., power, efficiency, operatingfactor) that will be used in the LCC analysis.4.2.3 CSD shall review the technical bid data along with the LCC data elementsand provide comments, if any, to SAPMT within 10 working days.4.2.4 SAPMT shall perform the LCC analysis by utilizing the applicable LCCSpreadsheet (s) to determine the Life Cycle Cost for each acceptablevendor. Other quantifiable cost factors that may significantly impact theeconomic analysis (such as delivery dates) may be included in the LCCanalysis. Inclusions of supplementary cost factors require the priorapproval of the project manager and CSD's concurrence.4.2.5 SAPMT shall calculate the savings (S LCC) in life cycle cost according tothe following equation:S LCC = LCC LIB– LCC LV (1)where:LCC LV is the equipment life cycle cost of the vendor with the lowestoverall LCCLCC LIB is the life cycle cost of the vendor with the lowest initial bid4.2.6 Purchase Order (P/O) shall be placed with the vendor having the lowestLCC (LCC LV) if S LCC is equal to $25000 or 5% of the LIB whichever ishigher.4.2.7 After P/O placement, SAPMT shall submit a copy of the final LCCSpreadsheet(s) to Estimating Services Division (ESD/PMOD) forarchiving and to CSD for information.4.2.8 If Project Management awards to a vendor, a purchase order with apotential performance liability based on the provisions of the applicableSAMSS (penalty clause), and the purchase order is to be transferred(“novated”) to the successful LSTK contractor on the project, ProjectNext Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure Management and/or Purchasing must include provisions in the NovationAgreement that specifically describe the liability being assumed by thecontractor.4.2.9 The equipment shall be tested at the vendor facility for guaranteedefficiency if required by the applicable Saudi Aramco Materials SystemSpecification (SAMSS) and/or the Project Contract. If the equipmentdoes not meet the specified efficiency, and cannot be corrected withinthe test tolerance as specified in the SAMSS, a penalty shall be imposedon the supplier as defined in the SAMSS and the Purchase order.4.3 Equipment Not Requiring SAPMT Bid DevelopmentFor Contractor procured equipment (all non-long-lead time equipment) thefollowing steps shall be implemented:4.3.1 After evaluating the vendor submittals, the Contractor shall provide thebid technical data, required commercial data per schedule G, and theequipment site delivery date for each vendor to SAPMT for review.4.3.2 SAPMT shall review the information to determine if it contains all of therequired data needed to complete the LCC analysis and shall require theContractor to provide any missing or unacceptable data.4.3.3 SAPMT shall provide a copy of the bid technical data including the LCCdata elements (operating factor, efficiency at normal load point, etc.), toCSD for review.4.3.4 CSD shall review the technical bid data along with the LCC dataelements and provide comments to SAPMT within 10 working days.4.3.5 SAPMT shall perform the LCC analysis by utilizing the applicable LCCSpreadsheet(s) to determine the Life Cycle Cost for each acceptablevendor. Other quantifiable cost factors that may significantly impact theeconomic analysis (such as savings due to early delivery) may beconsidered for inclusion in the LCC analysis. Inclusions ofsupplementary cost factors require the prior approval of the projectmanager and CSD's concurrence.4.3.6 SAPMT shall calculate the savings (S LCC) in life cycle cost according tothe following equation:S LCC = LCC LIB– LCC LV(2)Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure where:LCC LV is the equipment life cycle cost of the vendor with the lowestoverall LCCLCC LIB is the life cycle cost of the vendor with the lowest initial bid4.3.7 SAPMT shall direct the contractor to place the Purchase Order (P/O)with the vendor having the lowest LCC (LCC LV) if S LCC is equal to105% or higher of the compensation to the LSTK Contractor (refer toparagraph 4.3.8).4.3.8 If the COMPANY directs the CONTRACTOR to purchase theequipment from any manufacturer technically qualified by theCONTRACTOR other than the CONTRACTOR's proposed source ofsupply, the COMPANY shall compensate the CONTRACTOR for anydifference between the total delivered equipment cost ofCONTRACTOR's proposed source of supply and that of the COMPANYdirected manufacturer.4.3.9 After P/O placement, SAPMT shall provide a copy of the final LCCSpreadsheet(s) to the Estimating Services Division (ESD/PMOD) forarchiving and to CSD for information.4.3.10 The equipment shall be tested at the vendor facility for guaranteedefficiency if required by the applicable Saudi Aramco Materials SystemSpecification (SAMSS) and/or the Project Contract. If the equipmentdoes not meet the specified efficiency, and cannot be corrected withinthe test tolerance as specified in the SAMSS, a penalty shall be imposedon the contractor as defined in the SAMSS and the Project Contract.4.4 All Direct Charge Purchases Requiring LCC AnalysisFor Direct Charge (D/C) procurement of equipment, the following steps shall beimplemented:4.4.1 The Proponent Requisition Originator shall develop the PurchaseRequisition (PR) or the Request for Quotation (RFQ) for the subjectequipment and forward it to Purchasing for bid development. If therequested equipment requires LCC analysis as specified in the applicableSAMSS, the Requisition shall clearly indicate the required LCC datawhich the bidders need to provide.4.4.2 Upon receipt of the PR or the RFQ, the Purchasing Buyer shall reviewthe indicated line items and specifications to determine if any of theNext Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure items require LCC analysis.4.4.3 Upon receipt of bids, the Buyer shall request the Proponent RequisitionOriginator to perform the technical evaluation.4.4.4 The Buyer shall obtain the latest applicable energy costs from FPD foruse in the LCC analysis.4.4.5 The Buyer shall perform the LCC analysis by utilizing the applicableLCC Spreadsheet(s) to determine the Life Cycle Cost for all technicallyand commercially acceptable vendors.4.4.6 The buyer shall calculate the savings (S LCC) in life cycle cost according tothe following equation:S LCC = LCC LIB– LCC LV(3)where:LCC LV is the equipment life cycle cost of the vendor with the lowestoverall LCC costLCC LIB is the life cycle cost of the vendor with the lowest initial bid4.4.7 Purchase Order (P/O) placement shall be with the vendor having thelowest LCC (LCC LV) if S LCC is equal to $25000 or 5% of the LIBwhichever is higher.4.4.8 If the equipment cost for the selected equipment is higher than the PR'sauthorized limit, the Requisition Originator (Proponent) shall initiate aChange Requisition to authorize these additional funds.4.4.9 After P/O placement, Buyer shall submit a copy of the final LCCSpreadsheet to Estimating Services Division (ESD/PMOD) for archivingand a copy to CSD for information.The equipment shall be tested at the vendor facility for guaranteedefficiency if required by the applicable Saudi Aramco MaterialsSpecification (SAMSS) and/or the Project Contract. If the equipmentdoes not meet the guaranteed efficiency, and cannot be corrected withinthe test tolerances allowed, a penalty shall be imposed upon the supplierin accordance with the terms and conditions specified in the applicablePurchase Order.Revision Summary13 October 2012 Major revision.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost ProcedureAppendix A – Calculation Methods for Life Cycle Cost AnalysisThis section is included in this SAEP for clarification purpose only. The logic is already included in the Life Cycle Cost Spreadsheets.A.1 Centrifugal Pumps and Centrifugal CompressorsUnless otherwise approved by the Coordinator, Rotating Equipment Division,Consulting Services Department, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of the centrifugalpumps and centrifugal compressors is determined from the following formula:LCC = IC + OC (4)where:IC = Initial Cost, $ (Purchase order cost of all equipment being bought)OC = Present value of Operating power Cost, $, for operating period of20 years= P * EF * No. of units being boughtP = Equipment Power in kW, at normal flow rate for actual fluid.EF = Evaluation Factor ($/kW) will be shown on the data sheet and/or inthe quotation request= 11.56 * EC * AHEC = Energy Cost in $/kWhAH = Annual operating Hours= OF * 8760OF = Operating Factor= Number of Operating Units divided by the number of units beingbought.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost ProcedureA.2 Electrical Motor Driven Centrifugal Pump, Electrical Motor Driven CentrifugalCompressor and Electrical Motor Driven Integrally Geared Compressor TrainsUnless otherwise approved by the Coordinator, Rotating Equipment Division,Consulting Services Department, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of the electricalmotor driven trains is determined from the following formula:LCC = IC + OC (5)where:IC = Initial Cost, $ (Purchase order cost of all trains being bought)OC = Present value of Operating power Cost, $, for operating period of20 years= P/(Em*EG) * EF * No. of trains being boughtP = Driven equipment Power in kW, at normal flow rate for actualfluid.Em = Motor Efficiency at normal operating load (decimal)EG = Gear Efficiency at normal operating load (decimal). If there is nogear, EG = 1EF = Evaluation Factor ($/kW) will be shown on the data sheet and/or inthe quotation request= 11.56 * EC * AHEC = Energy Cost in $/kWhAH = Annual operating Hours= OF * 8760OF = Operating Factor= Number of operating trains divided by the number of trains beingbought.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost ProcedureA.3 Electrical MotorsUnless otherwise approved by the Coordinator, Electrical Systems MechanicalDivision, Consulting Services Department, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of theelectrical motors is determined from the following formula:LCC = IC + OC (6)where:IC = Initial Cost, $ (Purchase order cost of all motors being bought)OC = Present value of Operating power Cost, $, for operating period of20 years= RP * EF * No. of motors being boughtRP = Required Power in kW= P/EmP = Motor load in kW, at normal operating conditions.Em = Motor vendor's Guaranteed Efficiency at normal operating load(decimal)EF = Evaluation Factor ($/kW) will be shown on the data sheet and/or inthe quotation request= 11.56 * EC * AHEC = Energy Cost in $/kWhAH = Annual operating Hours= OF * 8760OF = Operating Factor= Number of operating motors divided by the number of motorsbeing bought.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost ProcedureA.4 Life Cycle Cost Evaluation for Boilers and Fired HeatersUnless otherwise approved by the Coordinator, Mechanical & Civil EngineeringDivision, Consulting Services Department, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of theboilers and fired heaters is determined from the following formula:Single Fuel Services:LCC = IC + OC (7)where:IC = Initial Cost, $ (Purchase order cost of all units being bought)OC = Present value of Operating power Cost, $, for operating period of20 years= CF * EF * No. of units being boughtCF = Consumed Fuel (Heat Release) in MMBTU/hr= L/EFFL = Unit load (Duty) at normal condition (MMBTU/hr) provided in thedata sheet by the buyer.EFF = Unit Efficiency (decimal) at normal condition provided by vendor.EF = Evaluation Factor ($-hr / MMBTU) will be shown on the data sheetand/or in the quotation request= 11.56 * EC * AHEC = Energy Cost in $/MMBTUAH = Annual operating Hours= OF * 8760OF = Operating Factor= Number of operating units divided by the number of units beingbought. OF = 1 for process heaters since there is no standbyprocess heaters.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure Dual Fuel Services:LCC = IC + OCx + OCy (8)where:IC = Initial Cost, $ (Purchase order cost of all units being bought)OCx = Present value of Operating power Cost, $, for operating period of20 years= CFx * EFx * No. of units being boughtOCy = Present value of Operating power Cost, $, for operating period of20 years= CFy * EFy * No. of units being boughtCFx = Consumed Fuel (Heat Release) in MMBTU/hr= Lx/EFFCFy = Consumed Fuel (Heat Release) in MMBTU/hr= Ly/EFFEFx = Evaluation Factor for fuel type x ($-hr / MMBTU) will be shownon the data sheet and/or in the quotation request= 11.56 * ECx * Tx / AHEFy = Evaluation Factor for fuel type y ($-hr / MMBTU) will be shownon the data sheet and/or in the quotation request= 11.56 * ECy * Ty / AHL = Unit load (Duty) at normal condition (MMBTU/hr) provided in thedata sheet by the buyer.EFF = Unit Efficiency (decimal) at normal condition provided by vendor.EC = Energy Cost in $/MMBTUAH = Annual operating Hours= OF * 8760Next Planned Update: 20 October 2017 Equipment Life Cycle Cost Procedure OF = Operating Factor= Number of Operating units divided by the number of units beingbought. OF = 1 for process heaters since there is no standbyprocess heatersNote:x & y are the types if fuel that will be provided in the data sheets by buyer.A.5 Power TransformersUnless otherwise approved by the Coordinator, Electrical Systems Division,Consulting Services Department, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of the powertransformers is determined from the following formula:LCC = IC + [No. of transformers being bought * (A*Li+B*Lc)] (9) where:IC = Initial Cost, $ (Purchase order cost of all transformers beingbought)A*Li = Present value of no-load loss cost in $, for operating period of20 yearsB*Lc =Present value of load loss cost in $, for operating period of 20 yearsA = No Load Loss Constant, $/kW= 11.56* E1*T1E1 = Energy Cost, $/kWhT1 = Annual operating Hours, 8760 hrLi = Manufacturer guaranteed no-load loss, kWB = Load Loss Constant, $/kW= 0.49 * ALc = Manufacturer guaranteed load loss, kWCommentary Note:The constant 11.56 is a present value factor based the formulaPV=[(1+i)n-1]/[i(1+i)n], where i is the discount rate (5.9%) expressed as adecimal number and n is the life of the motor (20 years).。

沙特阿美项目微型隧道工艺及施工管理

140
石油天然气学报
沙特阿美项目微型隧道工艺及施工管理
在发送井内顶进设备单元的作用下，将钻机和计划铺设的套管按顺序顶入，直至套管从接收井内顶出。根据地质情况和套管材质不同，各套管连接处需采取对应方式进行密封。整个施工过程分为入场准备、设备入场安装调试、掘进作业、顶进收尾四个阶段。
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of micro tunneling 图 1. 微型隧道穿越示意图
3.1. 作业时间管理
沙特阿美作业许可管理要求相对十分严格，穿越施工需要办理热作业和受限空间作业许可，由沙特阿美许可管理人员发放的施工许可只允许工作日施工且时间范围在许可管理员的工作时间，加上现场遇到的恶劣天气停工以及等待沙特阿美许可管理人员到现场检查后才允许发放许可的情况，与其他地区相
DOI: 10.12677/jogt.2020.424124
142
石油天然气学报
沙特阿美项目微型隧道工艺及施工管理
比，实际工作时间不足。此外，由于穿越施工特殊性，除阿美公司许可外，如高速公路和铁路穿越还需要获得沙特政府相应
管理部门批准，有效期限一般都比较紧张。在日工作时长和工期受限的条件下，如何保证有效作业时间就成为了需要面对的首要问题。
因此，项目部一方面与沙特阿美多次争取和沟通，获准在沙特阿美管线、站场等设施一定距离外允许由经认证的承包商许可管理员开具内部许可进行作业，在这些区域时，采取清晨开工的方式适当延长每天作业时间且不受周末限制；另一方面从管理上入手，在不得不等待沙特阿美许可时，先使用内部许可完成设备开机调试等准备工作，保证拿到许可后即可立即开钻，保证掘进作业的有效时间。
Figure 2. Laser positioning system 图 2. 激光定位系统

SAEP-352 Welding Procedures Review and Approval

Previous Issue: 31 May 2003 Next Planned Update: 20 October 2014Page 1 of 14Primary contact: Al-Sabti Tareq Ibrahim on 966-3-8760236Engineering ProcedureSAEP-35220 October 2009Welding Procedures Review and Approval Welding Standards Committee MembersAwwami, Adnan Ni'Mah, Chairman Rao, Sanyasi, Vice Chairman Carrera, R LCarswell, Raymond J. Juraifani, Hatim Hamad Keen, Peter DavidMuslim, Husain Muhammad Nasri, Nadhir Ibrahim Niemeyer, Dennis Charles Sabti, Tareq IbrahimSayed Nasir, Ghalib TaherSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope.............................................................2 2 Conflicts and Deviations................................. 23 Applicable Documents.................................... 24 Definitions and Acronyms............................... 6 5Instructions and Approval Responsibility (7)Table 1 – Welding Procedure Technical Approval Responsibility………..……….. 9 Appendix I – Welding Master Set Preparation and Approval..................... 12 Appendix II – Welding Package Review and Approval Process for Company Projects................................ 13 Appendix III – Welding Package Review and Approval Process forRepair/Maintenance/Alterations (14)Next Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval1 Scope1.1 This procedure specifies the responsibilities for welding procedure review andapproval. This procedure applies to pressure vessels, process equipment orcomponents, piping, pipelines, and structures fabricated to a variety ofstandards, such as but not limited to ASME SEC I, IV, VIII, B31.1, B31.3,B31.4, B31.8 and API STD 560, 620 and 650, and AWS D1.1.1.2 Additional requirements may be contained in Scopes of Work, Drawings, orother Instructions or Specifications pertaining to specific items of work.2 Conflicts and DeviationsConflicts between this Engineering Procedure and any other Saudi Aramco Standardshall be resolved by the Consulting Services Department in writing.3 Applicable DocumentsUnless stated otherwise, all Standards, Specifications, and Codes referenced in thisprocedure shall be of the latest issue (including revisions, addenda, and supplements)and are considered a part of this procedure.3.1 Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering ProcedureSAEP-310Piping and Pipeline RepairSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-D-008Repairs, Alterations, and Rerating of PressuredEquipmentSAES-D-108Storage Tank IntegritySAES-D-116Underground Storage Tank SystemSAES-K-001Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)SAES-L-350Construction Requirements for Metallic PlantPipingSAES-L-450Construction Requirements for Cross-CountryPipelinesSAES-L-460Pipelines Crossing Under Roads and RailroadsSAES-L-850Design of Submarine Pipelines and RisersNext Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval SAES-M-001Structural Design Criteria for Non-BuildingStructuresSAES-M-005Design and Construction of Fixed OffshorePlatformsSAES-M-009Design Criteria for Blast Resistant BuildingsSAES-T-744Design Criteria/Installation of CommunicationTowersSAES-W-010Welding Requirements for Pressure VesselsSAES-W-011Welding Requirements for On-Plot PipingSAES-W-012Welding Requirements for PipelinesSAES-W-013Welding Requirements for Offshore StructuresSAES-W-014Weld Overlays and Welding of Clad MaterialsSAES-W-015Strip Lining ApplicationSAES-W-016Welding of Special Corrosion-Resistant MaterialsSAES-W-017Welding Requirements for API TanksSaudi Aramco Materials System Specifications01-SAMSS-010Fabricated Carbon Steel Piping01-SAMSS-017Auxiliary Piping for Mechanical Equipment01-SAMSS-035API Line Pipe01-SAMSS-038Small Direct Charge Purchases of Pipe01-SAMSS-046Stainless Steel Pipe01-SAMSS-333High Frequency Welded Line Pipe02-SAMSS-001Piping Components for Low Temperature Services02-SAMSS-005Butt Welding Pipe Fittings02-SAMSS-006Hot Tap and Stopple Fittings02-SAMSS-008Insulating Joints/Spools for Cathodic Protection02-SAMSS-009Design and Fabrication of Scraper Traps02-SAMSS-010Flanged Insulating Joints/Spools for CathodicProtection02-SAMSS-011Forged Steel Weld Neck Flanges for Low,Intermediate and High Temperature Service 04-SAMSS-035General Requirements for ValvesNext Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval 04-SAMSS-053Steel Lubricated Plug Valves - Flanged andWelding End12-SAMSS-007Fabrication of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel12-SAMSS-014Pre-Engineered Metal Building27-SAMSS-001Packaged Water Cooled Centrifugal Chillers forUtility Services27-SAMSS-002Direct Expansion Air Conditioning Systems forOffshore Facilities27-SAMSS-003Manufacture of Non-Industrial Cooling Towers30-SAMSS-001Diesel Engines31-SAMSS-001Centrifugal Compressor31-SAMSS-002Packaged Reciprocating Plant and Instrument AirCompressors31-SAMSS-003Reciprocating Compressors for Process Air orGas Service31-SAMSS-004Centrifugal Pumps31-SAMSS-005Centrifugal Fluorocarbon Refrigeration Units forIndustrial/Process Services31-SAMSS-006Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal AirCompressors31-SAMSS-009Positive Displacement Pumps - Controlled Volume31-SAMSS-010Submersible Pumps and Motors for Water Welland Offshore Service31-SAMSS-012Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and RotaryPumps32-SAMSS-001Special Purpose Steam Turbines for Generator Sets32-SAMSS-004Manufacture of Pressure Vessels32-SAMSS-005Manufacture of Atmospheric Tanks32-SAMSS-006Manufacture of Low Pressure Tanks32-SAMSS-007Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers32-SAMSS-008Inlet Air Filtration Systems for Combustion GasTurbines32-SAMSS-009General Purpose Steam Turbines32-SAMSS-010Special Purpose Steam TurbinesNext Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval32-SAMSS-011Manufacture of Air-cooled Heat Exchangers32-SAMSS-013Lubrication, Shaft Sealing and Control Oil Systems32-SAMSS-016Inlet Air Filtration Systems for Centrifugal AirCompressors32-SAMSS-017Side-Entry Mixers32-SAMSS-019Manufacture of Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers32-SAMSS-020Manufacture of Trays and Packing32-SAMSS-021Manufacture of Industrial Boilers32-SAMSS-022Manufacture of Components for Flare Systems32-SAMSS-027Manufacture of Electric Heat Exchangers32-SAMSS-028Manufacture of Double Pipe Heat Exchangers32-SAMSS-029Manufacture of Fire Heaters32-SAMSS-030Manufacture of Small Tanks32-SAMSS-031Manufacture of Clad Vessels and Exchangers32-SAMSS-033Reverse Osmosis Systems32-SAMSS-035Manufacture of Heat Recovery Steam Generator32-SAMSS-036Manufacture of Small Pressure Vessels32-SAMSS-100Combustion Gas Turbines34-SAMSS-611Safety Relief Valves Conventional and BalancedTypes34-SAMSS-612Safety Relief Valves Pilot Operated Types34-SAMSS-711Control Valves45-SAMSS-005Valves and Wellhead Equipment Requirements perAPI SPEC 6A3.2 Industry Codes and StandardsAmerican Petroleum InstituteAPI STD 560Fired Heaters for General Refinery ServicesAPI STD 620Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage TanksAPI STD 650Welded Steel Tanks for Oil StorageAPI STD 1104Welding of Pipelines and Related FacilitiesNext Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and ApprovalAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersASME B31.1Power PipingASME B31.3Process PipingASME B31.4Pipeline Transportation Systems for LiquidHydrocarbons and other LiquidsASME B31.8Gas Transmission and Distribution PipingSystemsASME SEC I Rules for Construction of Power BoilersASME SEC IV Rules for Construction of Heating BoilersASME SEC VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure VesselsASME SEC IX Welding and Brazing QualificationsAmerican Welding SocietyAWS D1.1Structural Welding Code-Steel4 Definitions and AcronymsApplication Approval: Approval acquired from Inspection Department to applytechnically approved welding procedure. ID generally verifies that the intendedapplication of previously approved welding procedures is within the weldingprocedure's variables (e.g., diameter, thickness, materials, service, etc.) approval range.CSD: Consulting Services Department Welding Specialist/Engineer or CSD'sAppointed Representative (e.g., Aramco Services Company WeldingSpecialist/Engineer).ID: Inspection Department Vendor, Operations or Project Inspector or InspectionRepresentative.PMC: A Program Management Contractor.SAPMT: Saudi Aramco Project Management Team or someone acting on their behalf such as PMC.PMT Designated Welding Representative (PMT DWR): A welding engineer /inspector assigned to and contracted by SAPMT who has the approval authority forproject(s) associated welding procedures.PQR: Performance Qualification RecordNext Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval Technical Approval: Approval of welding procedures acquired from CSD or PMTDesignated Welding Representative. This approval indicates that the weldingprocedure was qualified to Saudi Aramco and/or industry standards or codes and it isacceptable for the intended application. Every page of the welding procedurespecifications should include the reviewer signature and/or approval stamp.Weld and Line Designation Table: A table that lists the applicable weldingprocedures, approval conditions (e.g., low temperature, sour service, etc.), weldingprocess, and any general welding information pertinent to those applicable weldingprocedures.Weld Map: A schematic one line diagram of pressure containing equipment (e.g.,pressure vessel or tank). The map should indicate where each approved weldingprocedure will be applied.Welding Master Set (WMS): It is compilation of welding procedures prepared byvendor/fabricator. It is a standardized set of welding procedures that is used with ageneric Weld and Line Designation Table and/or generic Weld Map, which include the material and service application information.WP: Welding Package.WPS: Welding Procedure Specifications.5 Instructions and Approval Responsibility5.1 CSD shall be the technical approval authority for the followings:a) All Saudi Aramco Project welding procedures for applications listed inTable 1 from either in-kingdom or out of kingdom fabricators andconstruction contractors. Appendix II is a flowchart that indicates thereview process for Saudi Aramco projects.b) "Welding Master Set" submissions for the applications listed in Table 1from in-Kingdom and Gulf Cooperation Council fabricators. SeeAppendix I for details on welding master set's preparation and approval.Appendix II is a flowchart that indicates the review process for SaudiAramco projects. The Welding Master Set (WMS) is submitted to PMTfor CSD's one-time technical approval. When WMS is approved by CSDthen it can be often used in various Saudi Aramco projects if ID approvesthe application.c) Maintenance/repair/alteration applications. Appendix III is a flow chartthat indicates the review process.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval5.2 A PMT designated welding representative assigned to and contracted bySAPMT may be the approval authority for project(s) associated weldingprocedures. He must review the welding procedures for all applications listed inTable 1, and as requested by PMTCSD will interview and approve the PMT designated welding representative.Written examinations may be requested and prepared by CSD, this will dependon the project scope. With coordination with SAPMT, CSD will periodicallyaudit some of his welding procedures review.5.3 For applications not listed or not requiring CSD/PMT DWR review in Table 1the qualified welding procedures shall be available at the fabrication/weldingsite (e.g., vendor shop, field fabrication, etc.) for review by the Inspector, ifrequested. The procedures shall be included in the project or shopdocumentation record books.5.4 If the welding procedure is approved to the latest edition of the weldingstandards, then the fabricator/construction contractor is permitted to use thewelding procedure without CSD/PMT DWR review. The assigned inspectormust verify that the qualification range (e.g., diameter, thickness, material grade,etc.) of the welding procedure is still applicable to the new work.5.5 If the welding procedure is approved to a previous edition of the weldingstandards, then fabricator/construction contractor is permitted to use it, if it wasnot affected by the revisions. The fabricator/construction contractor must writea formal letter to PMT or Engineering/Maintenance Div. indicating that thesubject welding procedure still complies with the latest edition of Saudi AramcoWelding Standards. The assigned inspector must verify that the qualificationrange (e.g., diameter, thickness, material grade, etc.) of the welding procedure isstill applicable to the new work.5.6 If the previously approved welding procedure is invalidated by a change in thewelding standard, a revised welding procedure, along with the old approvedcopy, must be submitted for CSD/PMT DWR review. The assigned inspectormust verify that the qualification range (e.g., diameter, thickness, material grade,etc.) of the welding procedure is still applicable to the new work.Revision Summary20 October 2009 Major revision.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval Table 1 – Welding Procedure Technical Approval ResponsibilityNext Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval Table 1 – Welding Procedure Technical Approval Responsibility (cont'd)Next Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval Table 1 – Welding Procedure Technical Approval Responsibility (cont'd)Notes:1. Formal approval is not required. However, all WPS/PQR/Weld Map documents must be available for the inspectorreview or verification upon his request.2. In special cases the PMT or the Engineering/Maintenance Division may request CSD procedure review for anyapplication. This may be done even though procedure review is not required according to Table 1 or is not listed inTable 1.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and ApprovalAppendix I – Welding Master Set Preparation and Approval1. Each fabricator/vendor awarded a contract or purchase order will compile all CSDrevised previously approved welding procedures and any welding procedures,intended to be used in Saudi Aramco projects.2. Revised previously approved welding procedures must be submitted in new forms,unsigned, and the approved copy is attached to compare welding parametersbetween the two copies.3. The master set must include typical "Weld Maps", "Weld Description" sheet,"Request for Welding Procedure Approval" form and any supporting documentrequired to be submitted by Saudi Aramco Welding Standard (SAES-W-010,SAES-W-011, etc.). It is recommended that a distinct identification system isused for the WPS and the revision number (e.g., WPS # is WMS P1-P8-1 and therevision # is M0, here both WMS and M indicate that the welding procedure ispart of welding master set).4. The PQRs must be either the originals, certified/stamped copies, or colored copiesof the originals. The qualification tests must be performed by independent testingagency approved by Saudi Aramco (Contact CSD Welding Group to get theupdated list of the approved independent test agencies).5. The time required to review each master set will depend on the number of thesubmitted welding procedures and the pertinent technical welding requirements(e.g., PWHT, hardness test, impact toughness test, etc.). The table below lists theestimated time to review welding master sets.Estimated Time to Review Welding Master Sets6. After the initial technical approval, the welding procedures can be applied invarious company projects if ID approves the application.7. The fabricator/ Construction Contractor must continuously review the approvedwelding procedures to ensure their conformance with the latest applicable SaudiAramco Welding Standards and Industry Codes.Next Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval Appendix II – Welding Package Review andApproval Process for Company ProjectsNext Planned Update: 20 October 2014 Welding Procedures Review and Approval Appendix III – Welding Package Review andApproval Process for Repair/Maintenance/Alterations。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-1027 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types

Previous Issue: 19 August 2008 Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPrimary contact: Awami, Luay Hussain on 966-3-880-1341Engineering ProcedureSAEP-102717 July 2012Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Document Responsibility: Instrumentation Standards CommitteeSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Applicable Documents (2)3 Detailed Instructions for Saudi AramcoForm 8020-611-ENG (3)4 Responsibilities (14)5 Definition of Terms (14)Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types1 ScopeSaudi Aramco Engineering Procedures (SAEPs) establish instructions andresponsibilities associated with various engineering activities. This document contains the instructions for entering data into Form 8020-611-ENG, InstrumentationSpecification Sheet, Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types.2 Applicable DocumentsThe requirements contained in the following documents apply to the extent specified in this procedure.2.1 Saudi Aramco DocumentsSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-J-600Pressure Relief DevicesSAES-L-140Thermal Expansion Relief in PipingSaudi Aramco Engineering Form8020-611-ENG Instrument Specification Sheet, Pressure ReliefValves- Conventional & Balanced Types2.2 Industry Standards and CodesAmerican Petroleum InstituteAPI RP 520 Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure -Relieving Devices in RefineriesAPI RP 526 Flanged Steel Pressure Relief ValvesAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersASME B31.3 Process PipingASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for LiquidHydrocarbons and Other LiquidsASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping SystemsASME SEC I Rules for Construction of Power BoilersASME SEC VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure ValvesAmerican Society for Testing and MaterialsASTM A216 Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced TypesSuitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceCrane Co.Technical Paper No. 410 Flow of Fluids through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe 3 Detailed Instructions for Saudi Aramco Form 8020-611-ENGLine 1 Instrument Tag Number for the PZV. This number is found on theP&ID. For new PZV's a new Instrument Tag Number must be assigned.Line 2 Service - Location: Enter the Equipment Number, Line or ProcessSystem the PZV is protecting. On line below specify the service asLiquid, Gas or Vapor.Line 3 Serial Number– The Serial Number of the PZV to be used as a futurereference by the manufacturer to trace all of the original specificationson the PZV.Line 4 P&ID NumberLine 5 Manufacturer - Enter the PZV Manufacturer Name if known.Line 6 Model Number - Enter the PZV Manufacturer's Complete ModelNumber (Vendor to Verify).Line 7 Material Source - Requisition Number (If known, Enter)Line 8 Material Source - SAMS Stock No. (If known, Enter)Line 9 Design Type - (e.g., - Conventional, Balanced Bellows, BalancedBellows w/ Aux. Piston)Line 10 Body Material - Refer to API RP 526 “Flange Safety Relief Valves”and SAES-J-600 materials. Generic Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, etc., issufficient until the valve is bought, then more detail should be substitutedsuch as (ASTM A216 grade WCB).Line 11 Body Size - Refer to API RP 526 “Flange Safety Relief Valves” forstandard body sizes. (e.g., 4” inlet, 6” outlet, ¾” FNPT inlet, 1” MNPToutlet). F = female and M = male. NPT is National Pipe Thread.Line 12 Body Connection Rating - (e.g., - 300# ANSI Flanged, 3000#Threaded) Refer to API RP526 “Flange Safety Relief Valves” forstandard PZV connection sizes. Per SAES-J-600 minimum inlet flangerating is 300# ANSI.Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Line 13 Flange Face Type - (e.g., - RF for Raised Face, RTJ, for Ring Joint, FF - for Flat Faced, N/A if threaded)Line 14 Seat Type - (e.g. - Metal, Soft (O-ring), or manufacturer specific, i.e.,Thermoflex®, Flex-disc®, etc.)Line 15 Bonnet Generally steam service valves are specified with an OPENbonnet to reduce the temperature effects on the spring. All others arenormally CLOSED.With Open Bonnets, the spring is completely visible.A Bellows Valves is normally specified as a Closed Bonnet even thoughit is vented.Line 18 Nozzle and Disc Material - Enter Nozzle and Disc Material.Line 19 Guide Material - Enter the Stem Guide MaterialLine 20 Spring Material - Enter the material of the spring (e.g., - carbon steel,316 S.S., Monel, Hastelloy C, Iconel, Tungsten).Line 21 Spring Coating - (If any - e.g., Nickel Plated, Painted, AluminumMetalized)Line 22 Bellows - Enter the bellows material (e.g., - 316 SS, Monel, 316L SS,Hastelloy Inconel).Line 24 Cap - (This is the cap that covers the setpoint adjustment). Indicatewhether it is Screwed or Bolted. Standard configuration is screwed.Line 25 Lifting Lever - The purpose of the lifting lever is to enable the user toopen the valve when the pressure under the valve disc is lower than theset pressure. The lifting lever is required for Air, Steam and Hot Water.ASME SEC VIII UG-136 (a) (3). The Plain or Open lever assembly isnot pressure-tight and may leak to the atmosphere. Typically used on airand steam applications. Packed levers ensure leakage does not occureither when the valve is open or when backpressure is present.Line 26 Test Gag - The test gag is used to prevent the safety valve from lifting.This is normally only specified for in-place testing of multiple steamvalve installations or where hydrotesting the system is required.Line 27 Vent with Bug Screen - Vents the Bonnet of the PZV. Yes, for Bellows Valves. No, for Conventional Valves.Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Line 28 Auxiliary Piston - Auxiliary Balance Piston - Required for Bellowsvalves where a bellows failure may cause an unacceptable increase insetpressure or decrease in flowing capacity from built-up backpressure.Line 29 Liquid Trim - Yes, if the valve is in liquid service. Yes, if the valve isin two-phase flow and greater than 50% of the total MASS flowrate isliquid.Line 31 ASME Code - Choose whether the PZV will be installed as ASME SEC VIII (Pressure Vessels - Stamped UV) or ASME SEC I (Steam Boiler -Stamped V). ASME SEC VIII stamped valves are required for PZVsinstalled on ASME B31.3 “In-plant piping”, ASME B31.4 “LiquidTransport Pipelines”, or ASME B31.8 “ Gas Transmission Pipelines”.Enter “n/a” for relief valves used in service below 15 PSIG such as onAPI 2000 tanks.Line 32 Fire or Blocked Discharge - Choose whether the worst case relievingscenario is either Block Discharge or Fire. If other, then enter n/a and goto Line 33.Line 33 Other - (Basis of Selection), Other than Line 32 worst case relief (e.g., - Thermal Relief, Exchanger Tube Failure, Loss of Reflux, Loss ofCooling Fans, etc.)Line 35 Process Fluid - (e.g., Hydrocarbon, Water, Gasoline, Oil, etc.)Line 36 Corrosive Compounds - Name any significant corrosive compoundssuch as H2S, Sour water, etc.Line 37 Required Capacity - This capacity is given at standard conditions. It is the maximum (worst case) relieving scenario for the basis of selection.Line 38 MW or SG @ Relieving Temperature - The molecular weight of thegas or vapor or the Specific Gravity (referenced to water). The specificgravity is stated at the flowing (relieving) conditions.Line 39 Viscosity @ Relieving Temperature in Centipoise.Line 40 Weight % Flashing / Molecular Weight of the VaporApplicable to liquids only. Flashing liquids require specialconsideration. The correct relief valve size lies between that obtainedfrom the liquid formula and that obtained from the vapor formula,usually closer to the liquid. Flashing probably occurs at the throat,where velocity is sonic. The most reasonable approach is to determineNext Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types the liquid portion and the vapor portion separately, compute the arearequired for each quantity, and add them together.Assume an isenthalpic (adiabatic) process.% Flashing = H1-H2 /H LVwhere:H1 = Enthalpy in BTU/lb of saturated liquid at upstream temperature.H2 = Enthalpy in BTU/lb of saturated liquid at downstream pressure.H LV = Latent Heat of Vaporization BTU/lb at downstream pressure.An alternative to the above is to use a process simulation package toperform the flash calculation. Saudi Aramco approved simulationpackages are HYSYS and Pro2 by Simulation Sciences.Balanced Bellows valves may be necessary as a safety precaution whenthe increased downstream PZV body pressure, due to flashing flowconditions, is excessive or cannot be predicted with certainty.Line 41 Temperature at Normal Conditions and at Relief.For Blocked discharge of liquids, the relief temperature is typically thenormal temperature. For blocked discharge of gas on the outlet of acompressor, consider the increased temperature due to the increasedrelieving pressure. For the fire case, the relief temperature of the vaporis the boiling point of the liquid at the relieving pressure.Line 42 Pressure at Normal Conditions and Design Pressure.Design Pressure refers to (at least) the most severe conditions ofcoincident temperature and pressure expected during operation.Design pressure is always equal to or less than the MAWP. Used todetermine the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristicsof different parts of the vessel. Typically, a corrosion allowance is thenadded to the calculated thickness. If the MAWP is greater than thedesign pressure then this usually means the thickness calculated for thedesign pressure was not commercially available and the next largerrolled plate or pipe was used.Line 43 Set PressureThe set pressure for a single relief valve installation on a vessel orprotected vessel system may not exceed 100% of the MAWP.Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Set pressure staggering is allowed for Multiple PZV installations as follows:- First Valve - The maximum allowable set pressure shall not exceed100% of the MAWP- Additional Valve(s) - Set pressures may be staggered but shall notexceed 105% of the MAWP.- Supplemental Valves - (For additional hazard created by exposure tofire or heat). The set pressure shall not exceed 110% of the MAWP.Set pressure shall not exceed 110% for thermal relief valves on piping.(SAES-L-140).Line 44 Constant Superimposed Back-Pressure (See Definition).Line 45 Variable Superimposed Back-Pressure (See Definition).Line 46 Built-up Back-Pressure (See Definition).Line 47 Total Maximum Backpressure = Superimposed plus Built-upbackpressure.Line 48 Cold Differential Test Pressure (CDTP)The cold differential set or test pressure is the actual pressure at which thevalve will open on a test stand. As PZVs are usually set and tested atambient temperature with no backpressure, the CDTP includes anynecessary correction for the actual application, based upon backpressureand / or temperature. Backpressure correction is only needed forConventional PZVs and it addresses constant backpressure only.CDTP (Conventional PZV) = (Set Pressure – Constant SuperimposedBack Pressure) * Temperature Correction Factor.CDTP (Bellows or Pilot PZV) = Set Pressure * Temperature CorrectionFactor.The Pressure adjustment for temperature is specific to the Manufacturerand PZV Model. Consult the manufacturer for discharge temperaturesabove 150°F.Line 49 Net Spring Setting (for Spring Selection)The setting that is adjusted for constant backpressure for conventionalPZVs. This is used for spring range selection.Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced TypesLine 50 Accumulation in Percent = (Relieving Pressure - MAWP) / MAWP] *100 Overpressure in PSI = Relieving Pressure – Set PressureExample:Set Pressure = 95 PSIGMAWP = 100 PSIGRelieving Pressure in Vessel = 110 PSIGAccumulation = [(110 -100) / 100] *100 = 10%Overpressure = 110 PSIG - 95 PSIG = 15 PSIGLine 51 Blowdown in Percent = (Set Pressure - P closed) / Set Pressure ) * 100Where P closed = Pressure at which the relief valve closes after openingExample:Setpressure = 100 PSIGRelief Valve Closes at 96 PSIG after opening.Blowdown = [(100 PSIG - 96 PSIG) / 100 PSIG] * 100 = 4%Blowdown should be specified as 2-4% for PZV's in ASME SECI steam service. For other valves 7-9% is generally acceptable.Line 52 Discharges To:Examples:Atmosphere, Grade, Open Funnel, Closed Sewer, Relief Header, FlareHeader, Storage Tank, Pump Suction, etc.Line 53 Maximum Allowable Bellows Back PressureTo prevent damage to, or rupture of, the bellows. This information is tobe supplied by the selected Vendor.Check that the sum of the Superimposed and Built-up Backpressure isnot greater than Line 51.Page 2 – ISS 8020-611-ENGLine 55 Instrument Tag Number - Required on every ISS individual sheet.Line 56 Calculated Maximum Tail Pipe VelocityThis is derived by dividing the Maximum Required Flowrate by thecross-sectional area of the discharge flange. (Ft/Sec) “N/A” if Line 56 isNext Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types “N/A”.Line 57 Design Limit on Tail Pipe VelocityRelief System Evaluation for stress on the discharge flare header.For Line 56 choose either Yes or N/A to indicate whether detailed flareheader sound pressure level calculations are required.Input “No” for Line 57 if any of the following items 1-3 are True.1. The PZV does not discharge to a closed system.2. The PZV is for liquid relief.3. The Screening Process indicates obvious safe sound pressure levels.Screening ProcessPerform either Test I, II or III depending on the PZV downstream pipingconfiguration.If the test result is False, then N/A may be entered into Line 57. If thetest results is True, then a Yes is entered into Line 57 to indicate thatfurther downstream piping sound pressure levels are necessary.The calculation sound pressure levels are outside of the scope of the8020-611-ENG specification sheet. The Process Engineering Divisionmay be consulted for help with the detailed sound pressure levelcalculations.Test I - PZV Downstream line size 16 in. and greater:Screening Test: The Mass Flow Rate is greater than91,000 kg/hr (200,000 lb/hr) OR the pressure ratio is greaterthan 3? (True / False)Test II - PZV Downstream line sizes 8 in. to 14 in.Screening Test: The downstream line velocity is greater than50% sonic (0.5 Mach) AND the pressure ratio is greater than 3.(True / False)Test III - PZV Downstream line size less than 8 in. AND is swaged upOR“Teed” to an 8 in. or larger line size.Screening Test: The downstream line velocity is greater than50% sonic (0.5 Mach) AND the pressure ratio is greater than 3.(True / False)Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced TypesScreening Process Definitions:Line Velocity = (Maximum PZV Discharge Flowrate)(Cross-sectional area of downstream PZV piping)Sonic Velocity = SQRT (kqRT)(See Crane - “Flow of Fluids” Chapter 1 Equation 1 - 10.)Pressure Ratio = (Built-up Pressure + Normal Flare Header Pressure + 14.7)(Normal Flare Header Pressure + 14.7)Built-up Pressure = See Definitions of TermsLine 58 Calculated Line Piping Pressure LossCalculate the Inlet Pressure drop at the maximum rated relief capacity ofthe PZV. (The stamped rated capacity of the valve).The inlet pressure losses are the accumulative pressure drops due tofriction (as a function of pipe size and length and fluid velocity),entrance and exit losses where they exist, and losses due to valves andfittings. (See Crane “Flow of Fluids” Chapter 1 for more details.)Line 59 Inlet Pressure Loss Limit (3% Set Pressure)Verify that inlet piping pressure loss does not exceed 3% of the setpressure limit (the inlet piping should be as short as possible to minimizethe pressure drop).Inlet Pressure Loss Limit = (Set Pressure * .03)An engineering analysis of the valve performance at higher inlet lossesmay permit increasing the allowable pressure loss above 3%, however,this would require a waiver.Line 63 Spring Range in PSIG (e.g., 80-150 PSIG)This is supplied by the vendor. For existing springs, the range may befound by supplying the stamped part number to Supervisor, OperationsInspection Engineering Unit, Dhahran. Spring selection is based on theCDTP without considering any temperature correction factor.Some manufacturers consider spring Codes and Ranges confidential.Line 64 Manufacturers Spring Number (Manufacturers Part Number)Line 66 Calculated Orifice Area (Square Inches) - Obtained from the APINext Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types formulas used on 8020-611-ENG Sheet 3 Lines 98-101.Line 67 Selected API Orifice and Area - The standard effective orifice areasand the corresponding letter designations are listed below as defined byAPI RP 526 Section 3.1 Table 1.Line 68 Actual Orifice Area - This information is the actual orifice area and issupplied by the vendor or may be found in the vendor product literature.Lines 70-73 Multiple Relief ValvesCheck whether multiple valves better serve the application.(SAES-J-600 Paragraph 8.14).Check whether a spare valve is needed for maintenance(SAES-J-600 Paragraph 8.15).Line 70 Set Pressure of Low Valve - (No higher than the MAWP)Exception:Thermal reliefs may be set up to 110% of MAWP per SAES-L-140.Line 71 Set Pressure of Intermediate Valve - (No higher than the 1.05 * MAWP)Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Line 72Set Pressure of High Valve - (No higher than the 1.05 * MAWP) Line 73 Set Pressure of Spare Valve - (The Spare Valve is normally set at theset pressure of the low valve.)Page 3 – ISS 8020-611-ENGSheet 3 Note: The Required Orifice Area is to be calculated. Select anappropriate equation. Equation 98 is used for all Gas and VaporCalculations except for a Fire Case on a Dry Gas Filled Vessel, in whichcase Equation 101 is used. Equation 99 is used for all steam PZVs andEquation 100 is used for Certified Liquid Service. Certified means thatthe valve is Code stamped and has liquid trim. See API RP 520 Part Ifor any further clarifications.Line 77Instrument Tag Number - Required on every ISS individual sheet. Line 78 Required Orifice Area (A) in Square Inches - This is the area requiredto flow the worst case relieving scenario. The value A is determined bythe appropriate equation chosen from line 98-101.Commentary Note:For lines 77-95, enter data only for the variables that are specific for thesizing equation selected. All other variable may be left blank.Line 79 Exposed Surface Area of Vessel (A') in Square Feet - For GasExpansion in dry vessels during a fire case only (Line 101). Calculatethe entire surface area of the vessel. (No credit given for insulation).Line 80Specific Heat Coefficient (C) - This factor is used required to calculatethe Valve Factor in Line 79. Table 9 in API RP 520 Part I shows thisvalue as a function of the ratio of specific heats Cp/Cv = k . The value ofC may be calculated directly from the Specific Heat Ratio (k). C k k + k+k -=⎛⎝ ⎫⎭⎪5202111 Example: For Air k = 1.40, C = 356Line 81 Valve Factor (F') ()F CK T T T D '...=-014061112506506ωNext Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Where: Tω= vessel wall temperature, in (°R) andT1= gas temperature, absolute, in (°R), at the upstreampressure, determined from the following relationship:TPPT 11 =ηηWhere: Pη= Normal operating gas pressure, in PSIA andTη= Normal operating gas temperature, in (°R). Line 82 Specific Gravity (G) - The specific gravity of the liquid at the flowing temperature referred to water = 1.00 at 70 °F. Used for liquid sizing. Line 83 Coefficient of Discharge (K D)- This is the effective coefficient of discharge when using the API sizing equations. If the Manufacturer'sactual Coefficient of Discharge is unknown, then use .975 for gas/vaporsizing calculations or .650 for liquid sizing.Line 84 Back Pressure Correction Factor (K b ) - This is the capacitycorrection factor due to back pressure. The back pressure correctionfactor applies to balanced-bellows valves only. K b values can bedetermined from Figure 27 of API RP 520 Part I. (K b = 1 for backpressure less than 30% of the set pressure.)Line 86 Superheated Steam Correction Factor (K SH) - For saturated steam at any pressure, K SH = 1. For Superheated steam, K SH values can bedetermined from Table 10 of API RP 520 Part I.Line 87 Napier Correction Factor (K N) = 1 where P1 < 1515 PSIA.K N = (0.1906P1– 1000) / (0.2292P1– 1061), where P1 > 1515 PSIAand < 3215 PSIA.Line 88 Back Pressure Correction Factor (K W) - This is for balanced-bellows valves in liquid service with back pressure. For atmospheric backpressure, K W = 1. Conventional valves require no special correction.K W values can be determined from Figure 31 of API RP 520 Part I. Line 89 Viscosity Correction Factor (K V) - This is the correction factor due to viscosity. K V values can be determined from Figure 32 of API RP 520Part I.Line 90 Molecular Weight (M) - This is the molecular weight of the gas or vapor. This value should be obtained from the process data.Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Line 91 Relieving Pressure (P1) - This is the upstream relieving pressure, inPSIA. It consists of the set pressure (P) plus the allowable overpressureplus atmospheric pressure.Line 92 Set Pressure (P) - See the definition of set pressure.Line 93 Back Pressure (P b) - See the definition of back pressure.Line 94 Relieving Temperature (T) - This is the relieving temperature of theinlet gas or vapor in °R. (Degrees Rankine = Degrees Fahrenheit +459.67).Line 95 Liquid Flow (Q) - This is the flow rate at the flowing temperature, inU.S. gallons per minute (GPM).Line 96 Gas/Vapor/Steam Flow (W) - This is the required flow through thevalve, in pounds per hour (LB/HR).Line 97 Compressibility Factor (Z) - This is the compressibility factor for thedeviation of the actual gas from a perfect gas, a ratio evaluated at inletconditions.Lines 98-101 Area EquationsSelect the appropriate equation. Write the equation vertically in thespace provided showing the value for each variable and the resultantcalculated area. For Electronically filled in sheets, it is permissible toshow the end calculation result.4 Responsibilities4.1 Instrumentation UnitThe Instrumentation Unit is responsible for keeping this document and theISS Form 8020-611-ENG current and accurate.4.2 Originating EngineerIt is the responsibility of the Originating Engineer to complete ISS Form8020-611-ENG for conventional and bellows operated relief valves before thePZV is entered into the Relief Valve Program for testing and inspection.5 Definition of TermsAccumulation: the pressure increase in the vessel over the maximum allowableworking pressure with the valve, or valves, open and at required relieving capacity; it isNext Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types expressed as a percentage of Maximum Allowable Working Pressure, or in kPa(ga) or(psig). The permissible accumulation for various conditions is specified in the ASMECodes.Commentary Note:Accumulation is the same as overpressure when the PZV is set at the MaximumAllowable Working Pressure of the vessel.Back Pressure: the pressure on the discharge side of a relief valve. Different types of back pressures are:a) Superimposed Back Pressure: the pressure on the discharge side of a reliefvalve, against which the valve must begin to open. It may be constant or variable.b) Built-up Back Pressure: the pressure on the discharge side of a relief valvedeveloped as a result of flow due to the valve in question relieving into thedischarge header system. Where multiple valves relieve under a singlecontingency, the back pressure increase in the discharge system as a result of allinvolved valves relieving, determines the built up back pressure.Built-up Back Pressure is calculated by adding all of the discharge header pressuredrops. The pressure losses are the accumulative pressure drops due to friction (asa function of pipe size and length and fluid velocity), entrance and exit losseswhere they exist, and losses due to valves and fittings. (See Crane “TechnicalPaper No. 410” Chapter 1 for more details.)Built-up back pressure may be taken as zero for PZV's that discharge toatmosphere through a full size elbow and short discharge pipe leg.Balanced Safety Relief Valve: a pressure relief valve which incorporates means ofminimizing the effect of back pressure on the operational characteristics (openingpressure, closing pressure, and relieving capacity).Blowdown: the difference between the set pressure and the resetting pressure of arelief valve, expressed as a percentage of the set pressure or in kPa (psig).“Cold” Differential Test Pressure: the pressure in kPa (psig) at which a relief valve is adjusted to open on the test stand. This pressure includes the correction for maximumsuperimposed back pressure (for conventional non-bellows valve only) and/ortemperature service conditions.Conventional Safety Relief Valve: a pressure relief valve which has its spring housing vented to the discharge side of the valve. The operational characteristics (openingpressure, closing pressure, and relieving capacity) are directly affected by changes ofthe back pressure on the valves.Next Planned Update: 17 July 2017 Pressure Relief Valve Conventional and Balanced Types Design Pressure: the pressure, exclusive of any static heads, used to determine theminimum permissible thickness or physical characteristics of the different parts of thevessel.Disc: the pressure containing movable element of a pressure relief valve which effects closure.Lift: the amount the disc rises above the seat in pressure relief valves.Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP): the maximum pressure in kPa(psig) permissible at the top of a completed vessel in its operating position for adesignated temperature. It is the highest pressure at which a relief valve may be set tobegin to open.Nozzle: a pressure containing element which constitutes the inlet flow passage andincludes the fixed portion of the seat closure.Operating Pressure: the pressure at the top of a pressure vessel at which the vesselsnormally operates.Overpressure: the pressure increase over the set pressure of the primary relief valve.It is the same as accumulation when the relief valve is set at the maximum allowableworking pressure of the vessel.Rated Capacity: the percentage of measured flow at an authorized percentoverpressure permitted by the applicable code. Rated capacity is generally expressed in pounds per hour (lbs/hr) for vapors; standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) for gases;and in gallons per minute (GPM) for liquids.Relief Valve: an automatic pressure-relieving device actuated by the static pressureupstream of the valve, and which opens in proportion to the increase in pressure above set pressure. It is used primarily for liquid service.Commentary Note:For the sake of simplicity all pressure relief devices (valves) referred to in this procedureare called “PZV”.Relieving Pressure: the pressure in the protected vessel with the relieving devices full open. It is the set pressure plus the actual overpressure. Relief valves shall be sized to prevent the relieving pressure from exceeding the Maximum Allowable WorkingPressure plus the allowable accumulation.Safety Relief Valve: an automatic pressure-relieving device suitable for use as either a safety or relief valve. It is used in gas or vapor service or for liquid.。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP

Previous Issue: 15 October 2008 Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPage 1 of 5 Primary contact: Ghulam, Ziad Mohammad Jamil on 966-3-8745670Engineering ProcedureSAEP-134 4 March 2009 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering ProceduresDocument Responsibility: Standards CoordinatorSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Applicable Documents (2)3 Instructions (2)4 Responsibilities (4)Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures1 ScopeSaudi Aramco Engineering Procedures (SAEPs) establish instructions andresponsibilities associated with various engineering activities. This document contains the instructions to initiate, format, prepare, revise, coordinate and obtain approvals forall SAEPs.SAEPs are procedures, approved by Saudi Aramco Management, that establishminimum requirements for dealing with their associated subject material. They aremandatory and apply on a Company-wide basis.2 Applicable DocumentsThe requirements contained in the following documents apply to the extent specified in this procedure:Saudi Aramco Engineering ProceduresSAEP-301 Instructions for Establishing and MaintainingMandatory Saudi Aramco EngineeringRequirementsSAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a MandatorySaudi Aramco Engineering Requirement3 Instructions3.1 PurposeThe purpose of a SAEP is to establish and approve a systematic method orprocess of accomplishing an engineering related activity.3.2 Organization and Contents3.2.1 The content of each SAEP is to be divided and the material organizedinto a minimum of four mandatory sections:∙Scope: This section of the procedure is normally used to describe thesubject matter of the document, including the extent of itsapplication. It can also make an overall general statementencompassing the content or functional intent of the SAEP.∙Applicable Documents: This section lists all documents that arereferenced within the procedure. Do not list documents that are notreferred to.Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures ∙Instructions: This section provides the procedure's instructions orguidelines to be followed.∙Responsibilities: This section establishes the responsibilities,authority and approvals associated with carrying out the procedure'sinstructions.3.2.2 Additional sections may be included as necessary, depending upon thesubject matter involved. Add more sections only when it is necessary toinclude material that does not logically fit within one of the mandatorysections.3.2.3 Appendices may be included to provide information in support of themain text of the SAEP. This may include tables, charts, graphs,examples, etc. Do not include Saudi Aramco forms in the procedure.Instead, make reference to them by their form number.Identify appendices as Appendix A, B, etc., on consecutively numberedpages. Locate appendices after the last page of the last SAEP sectionand list each appendix in the Table of Contents.3.3 Deviation from Procedure RequirementsApproval to deviate from the requirements given in a SAEP shall be obtained byfollowing the waiver instructions of SAEP-302.3.4 Cancellation of SAEPCancel existing SAEPs by obtaining the signature of the procedure's ApprovalAuthority.3.5 Document NumberingDocument numbers will be assigned to SAEPs based on the following:∙Two digit numbers: Approval by Senior Vice President∙Three digit numbers: Approval by Vice President or Chief Engineer∙Four digit numbers: Approval by Department ManagerThe mechanism of determining the document number of an engineeringprocedure will be based on the safety, cost, and maintenance and operationsimpact of the procedure. It will be supported and based on the followingfundamental nature:a) If the procedure will be utilized solely by the Saudi Aramco ResponsibleNext Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering ProceduresOrganization (who develops the procedure), a four digit number will beassigned and approval shall be by the Department Manager.b) If the procedure will be utilized by other department(s) within the sameadmin. area aside from the SARO, a three digit number will be assignedand the approval shall be by the Vice President or Chief Engineer.c) If the document will be utilized by other department(s) belonging to otherbusiness line(s), a two digit number will be assigned and the approval shallbe by the Sr. Vice President of the proponent organization.Commentary Note:The Saudi Aramco Responsible Organization (SARO) should evaluate the costimplication as a result of developing a two-digit procedure.4 Responsibilities4.1 Saudi Aramco Responsible Organization (SARO)The SARO is the department responsible for the procedure. All SAEPs musthave an assigned SARO. Specific responsibilities of the SARO include:∙Determine the need for new SAEPs, and review existing SAEPs, at least once every five (5) years per SAEP-301, to determine if they are still valid.Where required, revise procedures to achieve broadest company-wideapplication, maintain overall cost-effectiveness, ensure technical adequacy,and generally keep them up-to-date.∙Determine the approval authority for the procedure.∙Determine if company-wide input is needed for procedures containing major revisions or new SAEPs.∙Forward draft documents to the Standards Coordinator to either route for BOE review or for the completion of approval, publication, and distributionprocesses per SAEP-301 paragraph 4.7(g).∙Forward all original approval copies of procedures to the StandardsCoordinator for historical filing. Include other documents judged importantenough to be kept with the document file.4.2 Board of Engineers (BOE)∙Review SAEPs as required by paragraph 4.1, ensuring they are acceptable from the technical, safety, economic and implementation standpoint.Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures ∙Recommend to the Approval Authority, appropriate changes to achieve an optimum balance of technical, safety, economic and implementation factors.4.3 Approval AuthorityThe Approval Authority, determined by the SARO for each procedure, shallreview each procedure to ensure that the final procedure should be approved foruse. For documents reviewed by the BOE, ensure that all major comments havebeen resolved.4.4 Standards CoordinatorThe Standards Coordinator is responsible for the administration of all SAEPs.Specific responsibilities include:∙Maintain accurate records of all approved SAEPs, including issue dates and next planned revisions. Keep historical files and copies of all SAEPs,including original document approval signatures.∙Assign document numbers to new SAEPs.∙Establish document format and content requirements. Review all SAEPs prior to final approval for conformance to these requirements.∙Forward draft SAEPs to the BOE for review, and final revised SAEPs to the document's Approval Authority.∙Approve minor editorial changes to the procedure for such things astypographical errors, organization name and title changes approved byManagement, and reference document name changes.∙Disseminate the information of all approved SAEPs per SAEP-301paragraph 4.7(g).∙Notify SARO representatives of approaching planned revision dates insufficient time to allow an orderly review and rewrite of the procedure, ifrequired.Revision Summary15 October 2008 Revised the "Next Planned Update." Reaffirmed the contents of the document, andreissued with editorial changes.4 March 2009 Editorial revision to clarify Section 3.5 (Document Numbering).。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-363 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and Support

Previous Issue: 23 December 2009 Next Planned Update: 15 July 2017Page 1 of 10 Primary contact: Rasheed, Mahmood Ayish on 966-3-8730674Engineering ProcedureSAEP-36315 July 2012 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and SupportDocument Responsibility: Process and Control Systems DepartmentSaudi Aramco Desktop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Applicable Documents (2)3 Instructions (3)4 Responsibilities (8)E XHIBIT I – Pipeline SimulationRecommended Vendor List (10)Next Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and Support1 ScopeThis procedure establishes general guidelines governing development and support of:1) pipelines simulation models;2) associated hydraulic analysis studies; and3) technical reviews of models developed by Saudi Aramco engineers andengineering design contractors.It provides Saudi Aramco engineers and engineering design contractors with guidelines describing the minimum requirements to develop and document pipelines simulationmodels for existing and new facilities.2 Applicable DocumentsTo ensure compliance with the appropriate Saudi Aramco and International Codes and Standards for pipelines, the following Engineering Standards shall be reviewed duringmodel development. These Standards encompass hydraulic analysis, surge analysis,over pressure protection of pipelines, design pressure, materials, operating conditions,maximum allowable operating pressure and maximum allowable surge pressure.2.1 Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering ProceduresSAEP-27Pipelines/Piping Hydraulic Surge AnalysisSAEP-302Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a MandatorySaudi Aramco Engineering RequirementSAEP-303Engineering Reviews of Project Proposal and DetailDesign DocumentationSAEP-364Process Simulation Model Development andSupportSAEP-1610Preparation of Functional Specification Documents Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-L-100Basic Criteria for Pressure Piping SystemsSAES-L-132Material Selection of Piping SystemsSAES-L-310Design of Piping Systems inside Plant AreaSAES-L-410Design of Transportation Piping in HydrocarbonServiceNext Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and SupportSAES-J-600Pressure Relief DevicesSAES-J-605Surge Relief Protection SystemsSaudi Aramco Engineering ReportsSAER-5437Guidelines for Conducting HAZOP StudiesSaudi Aramco Contracting Manual2.2 International Codes and StandardsANSI/ASME Code “Process Piping” Chemical plant and petroleum refinerypipeline for in-plant pipingANSI/ASME B16.5Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsANSI/ASME B31.3Process PipingANSI/ASME B31.4Liquid Petroleum Transportation Piping Systems forCross-Country Liquid PipelinesANSI/ASME B31.8Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems 3 Instructions3.1 General Requirements3.1.1 Any conflicts between this procedure and other applicable Saudi AramcoEngineering Standards (SAESs) or industry codes, standards, and formsshall be resolved in writing through the Manager, Process & ControlSystems Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.3.1.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this procedure in writing to theCompany, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302 andforward such requests to the Manager, Process & Control SystemsDepartment of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.3.1.3 PMT shall provide a copy of this Engineering Procedure to theengineering design contractor, involved in the development of pipelinesimulation models, and notify him that he shall comply with therequirements.3.1.4 The engineering design contractor shall utilize one of the approvedpipelines simulation packages that are defined in the Saudi AramcoPipeline Simulation Software Recommended Vendor List (Exhibit I).3.1.5 At the completion of studies, the engineering design contractor shallsubmit an electronic copy of the completed simulation models andNext Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and Support supporting documentation to P&CSD/Pipelines & Simulation Unit.P&CSD/P&SU shall be responsible for adding the new models to theSimulation Model Library for ongoing support and maintenance.3.2 Model FidelityThe following are considered to be minimum requirements to develop pipelinesimulation models.3.2.1 Model ObjectiveThe objective of the model will determine the extent of the pipelinesystem to be modeled and the accuracy of data required during modelbuild and model validation steps. The following categories represent asummary of the main objectives considered when developing pipelinesimulation models.(a) Models for Design of Pipeline Systems– Models are developed tosupport construction of new pipeline systems. These models shall beconstructed using established equipment and pipeline design data,fluid property data, and soil thermal properties. The sophisticationof the model improves with time as it is used initially for hydraulicanalysis, then surge analysis, and finally controls system design.(b) Models for Operational Analysis– New developed models orexisting models for existing pipelines systems are used to studyspecific operational problems. These models, depending on thenature of the study, could be used without modification.Alternatively, the models could be modified to support:1) re-validation of the model following acquisition of newpipeline operating data;2) an expansion to the pipeline system; or3) a change to the operating philosophy.3.2.2 Model ScopeThe model shall include all major equipments. Dynamic models mustinclude major control systems. Model boundaries shall be establishedsuch that boundary constraints do not affect the accuracy of the solution.Depending on the problem definition, models shall be developed tosupport:1) steady state analysis;2) dynamics analysis;Next Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and Support3) isothermal analysis; and4) thermal analysis.Some models may incorporate more than one of these attributes.3.2.3 Data RequirementThe following list identifies data that shall be collected before a steadystate model or a dynamic model is developed:(a) Bulk parameters for fluid physical properties data: density,viscosity, true vapor pressure, bulk modulus. Alternatively, forcompositional analysis, the fluid composition shall be defined.(b) Pipeline data: pipeline elevation profile, length, diameter, wallthickness.(c) Equipment performance sheets for valves, pumps and compressors,open/close times for valves, start/stop times for pumps andcompressors.(d) Ambient conditions (summer/winter temperatures), thermalconductivities for pipeline and soil and/or the overall heat transfercoefficient between pipeline and soil.(e) Operating conditions: pipeline inlet pressure and temperature,arrival pressure, maximum and minimum flow rates.(f) Units of measurements must be consistent.3.2.4 Model ValidationWhen plant and pipeline operating data is available, the model shall bevalidated against a set of operating data within the known constraints of:1) accuracy of plant measurements;2) tolerance and convergence limitations within the simulator; and3) the errors associated with simplifying assumptions made duringmodel development.Before the data can be applied to the model, it shall be necessary toevaluate the quality of the measurements caused by faulty instruments.If available, a software package shall be used to evaluate all elements ofthe data. The software package shall reconcile the data to identify faultyinstruments and to eliminate or reduce measurement errors.Next Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and Support Following model validation, if it is determined that the model results arenot within acceptable limits, tuning of specific parameters may berequired to improve accuracy. Model parameters may only be changed,following discussion and agreement with P&CSD. P&CSD hasaccumulated experience from previous model validation exercises.Typically, the difference between pipeline model results and operatingdata can be less than 2%. If the discrepancies are greater than 2%, thedesign contractor shall submit explanations for the discrepancies toP&CSD and seek approval to use the model for studies.3.3 Documentation RequirementsAt the completion of the studies, documentation shall be developed containing,as a minimum requirement, the following sections:(a) An Executive summary that shall include a brief description of theproblem under investigation, background, objective, proposed solution;tool used and concluding remarks.(b) A system description of the pipeline and processes and study objectives.(c) A description of the model including a detailed description of thesimulation software components being utilized.(d) A description of each scenario adopted for the study.(e) The methodology used to extract, reconcile, and filter the operating data.(f) Model drawings.(g) Tabulated results for each scenario.(h) Graphical results representing time plots and/or profile plots of criticalvariables to support conclusions established for each scenario.The following sections provide a detailed description of requirements for thedocumentation:3.3.1 Model ObjectiveDescribe the purpose of the study and the role that simulation plays inaddressing that purpose. The objective of the simulation must be clearlystated. The model shall be represented as a tool to help solve specificproblems or answer specific questions rather than as an end product.The simulation package and version used to build the model shall bedefined.Next Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and Support3.3.2 Work ScopeDescribe the system under investigation. The level of detail, modelboundaries, sources of feed…etc. This can be accomplished byreferencing available documents. Major relevant system characteristicsshould be summarized in the report that describes the simulation.3.3.3 Study AssumptionsIn order to understand the model and its limitations, all assumptions shallbe identified. Discuss the limitations of the model's representation of theactual system and the impact those limitations have on the results andconclusions presented.3.3.4 Property PackagesDescribe the thermodynamics packages that were utilized to define thefluid properties. Flow and pressure drop correlations must also bedescribed.3.3.5 System Drawings (PFD's, P&ID's and Model Sketches)Provide the modeled system process flow diagrams and ProcessInstrumentation Diagrams. Also, provide the simulation schematic usedto build the model and compare the simulation model with the overviewand actual process to highlight differences.3.3.6 Model Results AnalysisPresent the calibration criteria, procedure, and results. Describe thesource of the observed data to which model results are compared.Explain the appropriateness of using these data for model comparisonsand the basis for any adjustments made to actual observations whenmaking the comparisons. It is important to report and use as many typesof data as possible for successful calibration of the model.3.3.7 Results Analysis Profiles and TrendsProvide results analysis in profiles (specific variable vs. length of pipeline)and trends (specific variable vs. time) for all the evaluated cases.4 ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities for pipeline models that support either the Capital ProcurementProgram, or the P&CSD Pipeline Model Library, are noted below:Next Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and Support4.1 P&CSD provides technical guidance for all hydraulic analysis, surge analysis, orpipeline control system studies during DBSP, Project Proposal, and DetailedDesign phases of a project. P&CSD proactively works with ProjectManagement on pipeline design; reviews all related pipeline models; andprovides guidance during each design stage. It is P&CSD responsibility toapprove and endorse the pipeline models.4.2 P&CSD is custodian of the Pipeline Model Library. P&CSD is responsible forall model additions, model deletions, and model enhancements to the library.Models within the library may have been developed by P&CSD, Plantpersonnel, or by a Design Contractor. It is P&CSD responsibility to approveand endorse all models contained in the library.Revision Summary15 July 2012 Revised the “Next Planned Update.” Reaffirmed the contents of the document, and reissuedwith no other changes.Next Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and SupportExhibitsTABLE OF CONTENTSExhibit I – Pipeline Simulation Recommended Vendor ListNext Planned Update: 15 July 2017 Pipeline Simulation Model Development and SupportE XHIBIT I – Pipeline Simulation Recommended Vendor ListThe following tables enlist the pipeline simulation recommended vendors list (RVL). The RVL was based on: ∙Previously conducted evaluations by P&CSD at different stages of these products life cycles.∙Saudi Aramco engineers have gained considerable know how and knowledge in the use of these simulators.∙Availability of an accumulated large number of simulation models for different Saudi Aramco plants and pipeline networks based on these listed software programs.。

AESP111 Grounding沙特阿美仪表规范

Engineering StandardSAES-P-111 28 January, 2004 GroundingElectrical Standards Committee MembersAl-Anizi, T.S., ChairmanAl-Abdulgader, A.A.Al-Ahmad, R.J.Al-Awdah, S.A.Carlson, R.W.Ismail, M.H.Lowe, J.Merbati, F.A.Moravsik, R.C.Refaee, J.A.Stansbury, M.C.Saudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Conflicts, Deviations, and Commentary (2)3 References (2)4 General (4)5 Materials and Installation (6)6 Substation Grounding (9)7 Grounding Electrodes (9)8 System Grounding (10)9 Equipment Grounding (12)10 Offshore Platform Grounding (16)11 Fence Grounding (16)12 Tank Grounding (18)13 Lightning Protection (18)14 Static Electricity Grounding (18)1 ScopeThis standard prescribes minimum mandatory requirements for design and installation of grounding systems and lightning protection systems for Saudi Aramco facilities. This document may not be Previous Issue: 30 November, 2003 Next Planned Update: 1 October, 2008Next Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding attached to nor made a part of purchase orders.2 Conflicts, Deviations, and Commentary2.1 If there are any conflicts between this Standard and associated purchasing, project orengineering documents, this standard shall take precedence. The exception is if an approvedWaiver form SA 6409-ENG has been included with the purchasing documents.2.2 Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Saudi Aramco EngineeringStandards (SAESs), Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Standard Drawings(SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be resolved in writing by the companyor buyer representative through the Manager, Consulting Services Department of SaudiAramco, Dhahran.2.3 Direct all requests to deviate from this standard in writing to the company or buyerrepresentative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302 and forward suchrequests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.2.4 The designation "Commentary" is used to label a sub-paragraph that contains comments thatare explanatory or advisory. These comments are not mandatory, except to the extent thatthey explain mandatory requirements contained in this SAES.3 ReferencesThe selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.3.1 Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering ProcedureSAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a Mandatory SaudiAramco Engineering RequirementSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-B-070 Bulk PlantsSAES-M-006 Saudi Aramco Security and General Purpose FencingSAES-J-902 Electrical Systems for InstrumentationSAES-P-100 Basic Power System Design CriteriaSAES-P-104 Wiring Methods and MaterialsSAES-P-107 Overhead Distribution SystemsSAES-T Series Communications Engineering StandardsSAES-X-400 Cathodic Protection of Buried PipelinesSaudi Aramco Materials System SpecificationNext Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding 15-SAMSS-502 Medium Voltage Power Cables 5 kV though 35 kVSaudi Aramco Library DrawingDD-950022 Grounding Connections Details Ground Rod to GroundGridSaudi Aramco Standard DrawingsAB-036387 Tank GroundingAA-036572 Grounding Arrangement for Disconnect Switch Structure3.2 Industry Codes and StandardsAmerican National Standards InstituteANSI C2 National Electrical Safety CodeAmerican Petroleum InstituteAPI RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static,Lightning, and Stray CurrentsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIEEE 80 Guide for Safety in Alternating-Current SubstationGroundingIEEE 81 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance,and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System IEEE 142 Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial andCommercial Power SystemsIEEE 399 IEEE Recommended Practice for Power Systems Analysis(Brown Book)IEEE 1100 Powering and Grounding Sensitive Electronic Equipment International Electrotechnical CommissionIEC 61662 Assessment of Risk of Damage Due to LightningIEC 61024-1 Protection of Structures Against LightningIEC 61024-1-1 Protection of Structures Against Lightning Part 1:General Principles Section 1: Guide A – Selection ofProtection Levels for Lightning Protection Systems National Fire Protection AssociationNFPA 70 National Electrical CodeNFPA 99 Health Care FacilitiesNFPA 780 Lightning Protection CodeNext Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 GroundingUnderwriters LaboratoriesUL 96 Lightning Protection ComponentsUL 96A Installation Requirements for Lightning ProtectionSystemsUL 467 Grounding and Bonding Equipment4 General4.1 Except as noted in 4.2, grounding and ground system installation shall be designed inaccordance with IEEE 142 and meet the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70 (NEC), and ANSIC2, as supplemented or amended by this Standard. Requirements for specific facilities are asfollows:a) Health Care Facility grounding shall meet additional requirements ofNFPA 99;b) Communications System grounding shall be in accordance with theSAES-T Series;c) SAES-J-902 shall take precedence over this standard for grounding of process controlinstrumentation and process control systems. Refer to SAES-J-902 for groundingsensitive electronic equipment associated with process control systems.Commentary Notes 4.1:It is intended that the terminology used in this standard be consistent with the NEC.Sensitive electronic equipment not covered by SAES-J-902 should be grounded inaccordance with the recommendations of IEEE 1100.4.2 Except as specifically noted, electrical installations in residential facilities, recreationalfacilities, schools and office buildings (including office buildings associated with plants andindustrial facilities) shall be grounded in accordance with the industry standards referenced in4.1 and are not required to meet the additional requirements contained in this standard.4.3 Measurements of earth resistivity and ground impedance shall be made in accordance withIEEE 81 or by a non-contacting ground resistivity mapping instrument (Geonics or equal). Insoils exceeding 5000 ohm-cm. the measurements shall be taken or verified by anon-contacting ground resistivity-mapping instrument.Commentary Note 4.3:Special techniques may be needed to avoid errors in measuring earth resistivity inareas congested with existing grounding systems, existing cathodic protectionsystems, and/or existing underground metal structures.4.4 Calculations of allowable and actual step and touch potentials shall be done in accordancewith IEEE 80 using the following parameters:4.4.1 A body weight of 50 kg shall be assumed.Next Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding4.4.2 Duration of ground faults used in calculations for maximum allowable step andtouch potential shall be the time (based on known operating conditions) it would takefor the backup breaker to clear the fault with a minimum of 0.25 sec. and a maximumof 1.0 sec.4.4.3 Ground fault current shall be the higher of the line to line to ground or thesymmetrical line to ground fault current.4.4.4 In calculations of the grid current, the current division factor must be assumed to be1.0 unless calculations based on known actual site conditions are provided to justifya lower number.Commentary 4.4.4:The current division factor is used to account for the current that returns tothe source though an overhead ground wire rather than through thesubstation ground grid and earth.4.4.5 For calculations of allowable step and touch potentials, the resistivity of the surfacematerial (rho sub s) shall be assumed to be 3,000 ohm-meters for a minimum 75 mmthick pad of clean crushed rock, 10,000 ohm-meters for a minimum 50 mm layer ofasphalt, and 200 ohm-meters for a minimum 75 mm layer of concrete. For all othersurface materials, the lower of 100 ohm-meters or the actual measured top layer(minimum 0.3 m layer thickness) soil resistivity shall be used.4.4.6 Calculations of mesh voltage and ground potential rise (See IEEE 80) shall be basedon actual measured soil resistivity. If native material is replaced by fill, calculationsshall incorporate the effect of the measured soil resistivity of the fill.Commentary Note 4.4.6:IEEE 399 "IEEE Recommended Practice for Power Systems Analysis(Brown Book) provides additional information on analysis of ground gridsfor substations. The techniques covered in IEEE 80 are most useful foranalyzing and designing ground grids for substations connected to solidlygrounded high voltage lines. The guidance in NEC and this standard willbe most useful in other portions of the electrical system.4.5 Soil resistivity of backfill material used for ground grids and ground rods shall be the same asor less than that of the surrounding soil.4.6 Commissioning tests shall be performed to verify that resistance to remote earth of substationground grids and/or ground electrodes used for system grounding meet design requirements.5 Materials and InstallationThis section also applies to electrical installations in residential facilities, recreational facilities and office buildings.5.1 Conductors used as grid conductors, grounding electrode conductors, equipment groundconductors, or bonding conductors in grounding systems shall:Next Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Groundinga) Be soft or annealed copper.b) If larger than 35 mm² (#2 AWG) be stranded. Stranding of ground conductors shallcomply with the stranding requirements of SAES-P-104.c) Except for grid conductors used in substations for potential control purposes beinsulated when used in direct contact with soil less than 70 ohm-meters resistivity.d) If used for grid conductors in substations for potential control purposes be bare and ifused in soils less than 70 ohm-meters resistivity be tinned.e) If insulated have a green jacket or a green jacket with yellow stripes. When isolatedground equipment grounding conductors are installed per IEEE 1100, they must belabeled or color coded to distinguish them from standard equipment groundingconductors.f) If exposed above grade in a severe corrosion area (as defined inSAES-P-104) be insulated.g) If buried and used for grids and/or interconnection of ground rods be minimum 70 mm²(2/0 AWG).h) If used for connection of equipment to ground rods or ground grid be minimum 25mm² (#4 AWG).Exception 5.1:See SAES-P-107 for pole ground wires.Commentary Note 5.1:Soils in Saudi Aramco areas which are lower than 70 ohm-meters resistivitynormally have high salt content and are corrosive to copper. In areas wherecathodic protection is present, galvanized steel ground rods are recommended.Where insulated ground conductors are used, enough ground rods must be used toachieve the specified ground resistance. Insulated ground conductors are notsuitable for use in substation ground grids to mitigate high levels of groundpotential rise.5.2 Ground rods shall have the following characteristics:a) Be copper or copper jacketed steel or galvanized steel. Copper jacketed steel("Copperweld" or equivalent) shall meet the requirements of UL 467.b) If galvanized steel, only be used in areas protected by cathodic protection.c) Have a minimum length of 2.4 meters. Jointed rods are permitted but each joint mustbe at least 2.4 meters long.d) For copper or copper jacketed steel rods be a minimum of 16 mm in diameter and forgalvanized steel rods be a minimum of 19 mm in diameter.e) When grounding is required at pipeline valve stations, zinc or magnesium anodesinterconnected with insulated copper cable may be used in lieu of copper clad orgalvanized steel ground rods. Each required ground rod shall be replaced with a zinc ormagnesium anode and a minimum of two zinc or magnesium anodes spaced a minimumof 2 meters apart shall be installed. Installation of the anodes shall be in accordance withNext Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding SAES-X-400.Commentary Note 5.2 e):Buried bare copper has a detrimental effect on pipeline cathodic protection.5.3 Below ground connections to grounding grids and ground rods or between conductors and/orgrounding rods shall be made using one of the following methods:a) By thermite welding or brazing.b) By approved compression grounding connectors.c) For connections at ground test stations only where it is necessary to disconnect groundconductors for tests, approved mechanical connectors may be used.Commentary Note 5.3:Library Drawing DD-950022 shows recommended details for making groundingconnections.5.4 Above ground grounding system connections shall be made by one of the following:a) In accordance with the NEC as supplemented by SAES-P-104.b) By thermite welding or brazing.c) To structural steel using compression type connectors bolted to bare steel, by thermitewelding, or by other approved means.5.5 Grounding conductors which do not accompany associated power conductors in the sameconduit shall not be installed in metallic conduit except where PVC conduit is not suitable andit is necessary to protect the conductor from mechanical damage. Grounding conductorsinstalled in metallic conduit or sleeves that do not accompany associated power conductorsshall be bonded to both ends of the conduit.5.6 Grounding conductors extending through concrete or asphalt shall be run in PVC conduit(preferred) or PVC coated rigid steel conduit. Grounding conductors in steel conduit shall bebonded as noted in Paragraph 5.5.5.7 Underground ground conductors shall be insulated when within 3 meters of a buried metalpipeline or metal piping.5.8 Underground ground conductors electrically connected to buried metal pipelines, buriedmetal vessels, or metal tanks sitting on grade shall be insulated. The associated ground rodsshall be galvanized steel if the area is subject to cathodic protection.6 Substation Grounding6.1 For substations having equipment operating at a nominal system voltage exceeding 1,000Volts, a ground grid meeting the requirements of IEEE 80 for step and touch potential shall beinstalled. Design for the substation grid and the associated overall plant grounding systemshall account for hazards due to transferred potentials caused by a fault in the substation. AllNext Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding electrical equipment in the substation, substation yard, and within 5 meters of the substationfence shall be connected to the grid or to a ground bus connected to the grid.Commentary Note 6.1:See IEEE 80 For Discussion of Transferred Potentials.6.2 The design package for ground grids and systems for substations with equipment operating atabove 15 kV shall be submitted to the Coordinator, Electrical Systems Division, ConsultingServices Department for review.6.3 Substation ground grids shall be constructed of minimum 70 mm² (2/0 AWG) stranded barecopper cable.7 Grounding Electrodes7.1 Grounding electrode systems, including those for residential facilities, recreational facilities,schools, and office buildings, shall be in accordance with the NEC with the followingadditions:7.1.1 Reinforcing bar of buildings shall not be used as a grounding electrode. Structuralsteel of a building may be used as a grounding electrode in accordance with the NECprovided it is continuous and effectively grounded by connecting at least every otherstructural steel column on the perimeter of the building to a concrete-encasedelectrode or a ground ring installed per the NEC and this standard.7.1.2 If a concrete-encased electrode is used, the conductor must be bare copper.7.1.3 The ground electrode for system grounding shall consist of either (1) rod or pipeelectrode(s), or (2) a combination of rod or pipe electrodes and a grid or loop of barecopper conductors buried a minimum of 460 mm. Multiple rod or pipe electrodesshall be interconnected by bare or insulated copper conductors using thermitewelding or approved connectors per 5.3. Conductors used to interconnect rod or pipeelectrodes shall be buried a minimum of 460 mm.Commentary Note 7.1.3:Minimum conductor burial depth and length requirements of the NEC areapplicable for "Ground Rings" encircling a building or structure thatconstitutes the only made electrode for the building. Minimum burial depthrequirements of this paragraph apply to conductors (bare or covered) usedto interconnect rods or other made electrodes.7.2 Supplementary grounding electrodes per NEC 250-54 shall be provided in outdoor industrialareas, process plant areas, and in substations not covered by Paragraph 6.1. In areas where noelectrical equipment is installed, this supplementary grounding is not required unlessotherwise specified. Supplementary electrodes shall consist of ground rods connected bybare or covered conductors, bare ground conductors, or combinations. Resistance to groundof each supplementary grounding electrode system shall meet the minimum requirements ofNEC Article 250-56 for made electrodes. Where multiple items of equipment are connected,the supplementary grounding electrodes shall be interconnected using bare or insulatedNext Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding conductors to form grids or loops. The grids or loops shall be buried a minimum of 460 mm.This grounding electrode shall be bonded to the equipment grounding system in the area andmay constitute a made electrode required to meet NEC requirements.7.3 If an above ground bus or loop is used for extending the supplementary electrode, this bus orloop shall have two connections to the supplementary electrode.8 System Grounding8.1 Three-phase electrical systems shall be grounded at the neutral point of the wye-connectedwindings of the transformers or generators and connected as directly as possible to the grid orgrounding electrode. The system grounding connections shall be made directly to thegrounding electrode and be routed separately from equipment grounding connections.Exceptions:Three-phase 120/208 V systems fed from a transformer with a primary voltage lessthan 600 V shall be grounded in accordance with NEC rules for separately derivedsystems.Dry-type lighting or building service transformers in substations, in switchgearrooms, or in equipment rooms may be connected to a ground bus that is directlyconnected to the grid or other grounding electrode.8.2The type of system grounding shall be selected per Table 1.Table 1 – System GroundingNotes:1. High resistance grounding for 480 V systems is permitted with approval of the Electrical StandardsCommittee Chairman.2. Selection of rating for 13,800 V system grounding resistor shall be done by or with the concurrence ofCoordinator, Relay & Operations Engineering Division, Power Distribution Department.3. See SAES-P-100 for approval requirements for extension of ungrounded systems.4. Except as noted systems originate from wye connected transformer secondary.Next Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding8.3 The ground resistance of made electrodes (ground rods and/or ground grid) used for systemgrounding shall not exceed 1 ohm for solidly grounded systems above 600 V, 5 ohms forresistance grounded systems above 600V and 5 ohms for systems under 600 V. In all casesstep and touch potentials during ground faults shall not exceed the safe values defined inIEEE 80.8.4 All grounding electrodes used for system grounding in plants, bulk distribution facilities, orother industrial areas shall be interconnected to form a single ground system. The groundingelectrode used for system grounding (including separately derived systems) for each area inthe facility or plant shall have a minimum of two connections to the ground grid or groundloop used in the area. This requirement can be met by connections to the grounding electrodeof the substation(s) which supply the area.8.5 The secondary of dedicated (captive) transformers supplying electric submersible pumps inwater or oil well service are permitted to be ungrounded providing that the motor controllerhas ground fault detection and the transformer is located at the same well site as the pumpserved.Commentary Note 8.5:Ungrounded supply from captive transformers for electric submersible pumps isrecommended.8.6the proponent and the approval of the Electrical Standards Committee Chairman.8.6.1 High resistance grounding is only permitted in plants and bulk distribution facilitieswhere full time maintenance or operations personnel are available and capable ofresponding to, and isolating, a ground fault within one hour of an alarm. Equipmentfor rapid location of ground faults must be provided as part of the high resistancegrounding system. Additionally, relays capable of quickly sensing and isolating asecond ground fault shall be provided.8.6.2 Two hundred seventy seven (277) VAC neutral loads are not permitted.8.6.3 When requesting approval for high resistance grounding systems, the following mustbe submitted:∙Details of ground fault alarm system,∙details of the fault locating apparatus,∙details of the protection scheme,∙calculations or measurements for selection of grounding resistor, and∙concurrence of the proponent that the level of response to ground faults requiredby paragraph 8.6.1 will be provided.9 Equipment Grounding9.1 Except as otherwise noted below, conduit, cable tray, or cable armor, shall not be relied on asNext Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding the equipment grounding conductor and a bare or insulated copper conductor shall beinstalled in the same conduit, cable tray, cable, or cord or shall otherwise accompany thepower conductors. Regardless of whether this standard permits conduit, cable tray or cablearmor to be relied on as the equipment grounding conductor the conduit, cable tray, or cablearmor installations must meet NEC bonding and grounding requirements for such use. Inhazardous locations equipment grounding conductors run in conduit or cable tray shall beinsulated or enclosed within the jacket of a multi-conductor cable.Exceptions:Conduit or cable armor may be used in accordance with the NEC for groundingelectronic instrumentation operating at 24 V DC nominal or below.Cable armor, if properly sized and terminated with cable terminators that areapproved for grounding purposes may be used for equipment grounding inaccordance with the NEC (cable armor must be a type that is specifically permittedby the NEC for such use) provided the cable runs in one continuous length (nosplices or intervening junction boxes are permitted) from the substation orequipment controller to the equipment being grounded and the cable is not in directcontact with the soil for any portion of the run. Repairs to existing cable meetingthe requirements are permitted provided armor of the two sections is properlybonded.Commentary Note 9.1:In accordance with the NEC an equipment grounding conductor is not requiredbetween the neutral point of a transformer and a service disconnecting means.The grounded circuit conductor (neutral) required by the NEC is sufficient. SeeNEC Article 250-142.9.1.1 Aluminum cable trays containing only circuits operated at, or below, 50 V to groundmay be used as equipment grounding conductors provided that NEC requirementsfor such use are met. On other aluminum cable trays, a common equipmentgrounding conductor external to the cables in the tray may be used under thefollowing conditions:∙This common conductor shall be sized in accordance with NEC Table 250-122for the largest power conductor in the tray, with a minimum size of 25 mm² (#4AWG).∙Connections shall be made between this common grounding conductor andother grounding conductors for intersecting or branch trays, and to extend theequipment grounding conductor beyond the tray.∙This common conductor (or the largest individual grounding conductor, if morethan one are installed) shall be bonded to each section of the cable tray systemwith a connector approved for a copper to aluminum connection.9.1.2 A cable concentric neutral, if properly sized and not used as a current carryinggrounded circuit conductor (3 phase 3 wire system; no neutral loads are served), maybe used as the equipment grounding conductor.Next Planned Update: 1 October, 2008 Grounding Commentary Note:The cable must meet the requirements of 15-SAMSS-502 that requires anoverall jacket to protect the concentric neutral.9.1.3 Electrical submersible pump motors in oil and water well service do not require adedicated equipment grounding conductor, provided the motor controller has groundfault detection. The well head must be bonded by an approved means to the groundbus at the motor controller or supply transformer.9.1.4 Armored submarine cables do not require equipment grounding conductors.9.2 Shields and armor of power cable shall be grounded at both ends. Continuity at splices shallbe maintained by bonding across the splice.Commentary 9.2:Installation of voltage limiters may be necessary if cable shields and armor are notgrounded at both ends.9.3 Metallic conduit shall be grounded at both end points by bonding to a grounding conductor, agrounded metal enclosure, or to a grounded metal cable tray. This may be accomplished:∙with approved grounding clamps and conductors connected externally to the conduit or∙by bonding to a grounded enclosure using integral threaded bushings or using a conduit hub (15-287-xxx or equal) which is approved for grounding purposes or∙bonding to a grounding conductor using an approved grounding bushing (15-287-409 or similar). Grounding with locknuts is not acceptable. or∙where non-PVC coated rigid conduit is used to protect cable entering or exiting a grounded metal cable tray, by bonding with a conduit clamp to the cable tray. Agrounding bushing must be used with PVC coated conduit.Exceptions 9.3:Where EMT is permitted it may be grounded and bonded using any meansaccepted by the NEC.Isolated sections of rigid metal conduit that are buried at all points at least 0.5meters below grade are not required to be grounded. (e.g., Conduit sleeves forroad crossings.)Conduit sleeves used to enclose power cables transitioning from above grade tobelow grade are required to be grounded only at the above grade end.9.4 Metallic cable trays shall be bonded at both end points and a minimum of every25 m to the local ground grid or ground electrode or to structural steel which is bonded to thelocal ground grid or ground electrode.9.5 Ground busses in switchgear, switchboards, and motor control centers shall have two。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-125 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

Engineering ProcedureSAEP-125 15 October 2008 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardsDocument Responsibility: Standards CoordinatorSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of ContentsScope (2)1ApplicableDocuments (2)2Instructions (2)3Responsibilities (6)4Attachment I – Exception StyleSaudi Aramco Engineering Standard (7)Attachment II – Narrative StyleSaudi Aramco Engineering Standard (9)Previous Issue: 31 May 2003 Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin Page 1 of 9 Primary contact: Ghulam, Ziad Mohammad Jamil on 966-3-8745670Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards1 ScopeThis procedure establishes instructions for the development and use of Saudi AramcoEngineering Standards (SAESs). This procedure also assigns responsibilities for those associated with these documents.Documents2 ApplicableThe requirements contained in the following documents apply to the extent specified in this procedure.¾Saudi Aramco Engineering ProceduresProposalSAEP-14 ProjectSAEP-103Metric Units of Weights and MeasuresSAEP-133Instructions for the Development of "RegulatedVendors List" Engineering StandardsEstablishing and Maintaining SAEP-301 InstructionsforMandatory Saudi Aramco EngineeringRequirementsforObtaining a Waiver of aSAEP-302 InstructionsMandatory Saudi Aramco EngineeringRequirement¾Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardSAES-A-112Meteorological and Seismic Design Criteria ¾Saudi Aramco Standard DrawingAE-036411Drawing and Equipment Index Key3 Instructions3.1 Definition and ApplicationSAESs are standards, approved by Saudi Aramco Management, that establishminimum mandatory requirements for the selection, design, construction,maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities. The requirements in thesestandards apply Company-wide. All capital, non-capital and expense projectsunder the control of Engineering and Project Management shall use SAESs ineffect on the Project Proposal approval date. See SAEP-14. MaintenanceNext Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards projects and all other work performed without Project Proposals shall useSAESs in effect when the work is authorized.Standards are generally not applied retroactively to the maintenance and repairof existing facilities. However, new or revised standards which impact existingfacilities regarding safety, environmental protection, health, or security shall bereviewed by operating organizations with Industrial Security, Loss Prevention,Consulting Services, Process & Control Systems Department, and others, todetermine applicability and extent of implementation. For on-going or activeprojects, operating organizations shall include Project Management in theirreview to evaluate cost and schedule impact. Review decisions shall bedocumented for appropriate levels of Management.The development and maintenance of “Regulated Vendors List” EngineeringStandards are governed by SAEP-133.3.2 FormatBase the structure of all SAES documents on one of two styles: Exception orNarrative.3.2.1 Exception-style SAESs define requirements as additions, modificationsor deletions to the requirements in an industry standard, using theindustry standard's chapter/sections/paragraph numbering system. Usethis style when an industry standard already defines the majority ofSaudi Aramco's requirements. This is the preferred style because itreduces the number of requirements that must be generated andmaintained. It also offers the benefit of alerting users to the Company'sspecial requirements. See Attachment I for details of this style. Avoidrepeating unchanged parts of the industry standard in the SAESs.3.2.2 Narrative-style SAESs are used when the Standards CommitteeChairman determines that an appropriate industry standard does notexist. He may supplement the content of one, or more, industrystandards, but the requirements are not written as exceptions. Tailor thedocument structure of this style to meet the specific needs of the subject.See Attachment II for additional details associated with this style.3.3 Contents3.3.1 Write using simple, easy-to-understand language. Active sentences arepreferred. They are usually shorter and more explicit than passivesentences. Use the verb “shall” to indicate mandatory requirements.Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Establish the wording of the title as carefully as possible. It shallindicate, concisely and without ambiguity, the subject matter of thestandard in such a way as to distinguish it from that of others, withoutgoing into unnecessary detail. Any necessary additional particulars shallbe given in the scope.Every standard shall begin with a scope section. Here, define withoutambiguity, the subject of the standard and the aspect(s) it covers. Thescope shall not contain requirements.To assist Users of SAESs, locate requirements in SAESs that are mostclosely aligned with their discipline, as defined by Standard DrawingAE-036411.Include in SAESs, all requirements needed by engineers, maintenanceorganizations, inspectors, contractors, vendors (for SAESs written forattachment to procurement documents), and any others involved with theselection, design, construction, maintenance, or repair of Companyequipment and facilities.To avoid the occurrence of duplicate or conflicting requirements, do notextract and repeat requirements from Saudi Aramco Materials SystemSpecification (SAMSSs), or other SAESs. Instead, if a requirement isneeded in both a SAES and a SAMSS, locate the requirement in theSAMSS and make reference to it in the SAES. Include all mandatoryparagraphs shown in Attachment I.Make reference to the content and details of Standard Drawings, to theextent they apply. To assist equipment or material specifiers in correctlyusing SAMSSs, include information needed to make decisions to fill-outequipment data sheets.Include definitions of technical terms used in the SAES. Do not includenontechnical provisions already covered in Saudi Aramco's standardterms and conditions for contracting and purchasing, such as risk of loss,liability for failure or damages, warranties, rights to inspect, and othersuch legal matters. Check with the Law or Purchasing Departments if indoubt.Pay attention to the way requirements are stated. Be aware that whendesign or construction alternatives (material selection, etc.) are allowedin a SAES, the decision-making criteria and thought process for a Lump-Sum-Turnkey contractor (“minimize first costs”) may be completelydifferent from and contrary to those for a Saudi Aramco engineer(“minimize total life-cycle costs”). Where there is a need to review orNext Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards approve certain technical items covered by the SAES (alternate designs,repairs, welder qualifications, test procedures, etc.) by someone in SaudiAramco at Manager level, or below, indicate this responsibility bydesignating a specific position (Standard Committee Chairman, UnitSupervisor, Division Coordinator, etc.). Do not use general titles such as“the Saudi Aramco Engineer” unless this term is clearly defined withinthe body of the document. See Attachment I for an example.To avoid any misunderstanding about the use of SAESs, specificauthorization must be included within the body of the document to allowit to be referenced in and made a part of purchase orders. Without thisauthorization, it may not be included in purchase orders. SeeAttachment I for an example.3.3.2 Give preference to referencing SAESs to the “latest edition” of anindustry standard. However, the Standards Committee Chairman maydecide that reference to a specific edition of the industry standard, willbest satisfy the needs of the Company.3.3.3 Use the International System (SI) of Units in SAESs, following theinstructions of SAEP-103, Metric Units of Weights and Measures.3.3.4 Where additional information or explanation is needed to clarify theintent of a requirement or where there is a reasonable chance ofmisinterpreting or misapplying the requirement, include a commentarynote. Make the note brief, limiting it to only the essential items. Todistinguish it from the SAES requirements, label the note“COMMENTARY” and use italics. See Attachment I for an example.3.4 DeviationsDeviations proposed by any organization that result in facilities meeting lessthan the minimum requirements require waiver approval in accordance withSAEP-302 before proceeding with design or construction. For deviationsidentified after the start of design or construction, the waiver approval isrequired prior to design or construction completion.3.5 ApprovalUse the approval process outlined in SAEP-301 “Instructions for Establishingand Maintaining Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements” todevelop new SAESs and revise existing SAESs. To keep SAESs current andup-to-date, conduct a major review and revision of every SAES at least everyfive (5) years, or other appropriate interval established for the document.Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards3.6 Cancellation of SAESCancel existing SAESs by obtaining the signature of the Approval Authority.4 Responsibilities4.1 Standards Committee Chairman (SCC)The SCC is responsible for doing the following:- Determining the need for SAESs, and if required, developing them, making decisions about their style and contents.- Verifying the cost-effectiveness and technical adequacy of the minimum technical requirements contained in the SAESs.- Conducting a major review of every SAES at least once every five years.- Forwarding draft documents to the Standards Coordinator to either route for BOE review or for the completion of approval, publication, and distributionprocesses per SAEP-301 paragraph 4.7(g).- Coordinating the SAESs requirements with the RSA Representative.4.2 Standards Coordinator (SC)Ensure that the information of all approved SAESs is disseminated perSAEP-301 paragraph 4.7(g).SummaryRevision15 October 2008 Revised the "Next Planned Update". Reaffirmed the contents of the document, andreissued with editorial changes..Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardsAttachment I – Exception Style Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardThe Exception style SAES is preferred. It shall follow the document structure outlined below.TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS (Mandatory)The Title and Table of Contents identify the engineering standard and list its contents.Subheadings may be used to improve the usefulness of the Table of Contents.SCOPE (Mandatory)The Scope will define the facilities covered by the standard. In most cases the Scopewill begin with:“This standard defines the minimum mandatory requirements governing thedesign and installation of ________.”If the document's Scope is not unique to Saudi Aramco, summarize the Scope section of the industry standard. The Scope may include a description of areas specificallyexcluded from the document. (For example: “This standard does not apply to batterychargers and distribution systems used by communication facilities”). Do not includerequirements in the Scope.Include the following sentence in only those SAESs, where it is appropriate:“This entire standard may be attached to and made a part of purchase orders.”Without this, the SAES may not be included in purchase orders.CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS (Mandatory)Include the following two paragraphs in each SAES:“Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Saudi AramcoEngineering Standards (SAESs), Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs),Standard Drawings (SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall beresolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through theManager (Consulting Services, Loss Prevention, etc.) Department of SaudiAramco, Dhahran.”“Direct all requests to deviate from this standard in writing to the Company orBuyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302and forward such requests to the Manager (Consulting Services, LossPrevention, etc.) Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.”Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards REFERENCES (As applicable)List all documents that are referred to in the SAES. Do not list documents that are not referred to. Include the following requirement in this section:“The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction,maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standardshall comply with the latest edition of the references listed below, unlessotherwise noted.”References are categorized by type under the following subheadings:- Saudi Aramco References- Industry Codes and Standards- Other ReferencesSAES-A-112, “Meteorological and Seismic Design Criteria,” has been developed toconsolidate this information and should be referenced in SAESs when environmental or seismic design criteria apply.MODIFICATIONS TO INDUSTRY STANDARD (Mandatory)Use the remainder of the document to identify the changes to individual paragraphs inthe referenced industry standard. Begin the section with the following paragraph,inserting the name and number of the industrial standard in place of the parentheses.“The following paragraph numbers refer to (industry standard) which is a part ofthis standard. The text in each paragraph is an addition, modification, exception,or deletion to the requirements of (industry standard), as noted.”COMMENTARY (Optional)Section 3.3 of this procedure allows the use of short Commentary Notes thatadd information or requirement explanations to assist specification users in theproper interpretation and implementation of the document. Limit notes toessential information, without which there is a high probability of misinterpretingor misapplying the requirements. Locate the note immediately after the portionof the standard to which it applies. Begin the note with the word"COMMENTARY", and select an italics font for the note.Next Planned Update: 15 October 2013 Preparation of Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardsAttachment II – Narrative Style Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardIn case an appropriate industry standard does not exist, or there are none consideredsuitable for the Exception style format, write the SAES using the Narrative style format.Up to “Modifications to Industry Standard,” the major sections in the body of thisformat are identical to and follow the same order as those shown in Attachment I.Select those “Optional” sections that apply to the equipment and facilities covered bySAESs, and add other sections as necessary.TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS (Mandatory)SCOPE (Mandatory)CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS (Mandatory)REFERENCES (As applicable)GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (Optional)(Use this section for definitions and for specifying other requirements of a generalnature.)MATERIALS (Optional)(Use this section to cover mandatory material selection requirements.)DESIGN (Optional)(Use this section to cover mandatory design requirements.)FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION (Optional)(Use this section to cover mandatory fabrication and installation requirements,including those that facilitate maintenance.)TESTING AND INSPECTION (Optional)(Use this section to cover testing and inspection requirements, with their associatedacceptance criteria, applicable to field fabrication and erection in the SAESs.)。

沙特阿美工程规程SAEP-110 Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings

Previous Issue: 6 April 2009 Next Planned Update: 6 April 2014Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right marginPage 1 of 6 Primary contact: Khedher, Khalid Hasan on 966-3-8724480Engineering ProcedureSAEP-11017 February 2010 Saudi Aramco Standard DrawingsDocument Responsibility: Engineering Knowledge & Resources DivisionSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope (2)2 Applicable Documents (2)3 Instructions (2)4 Responsibilities (4)Next Planned Update: 6 April 2014 Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings1 ScopeThis procedure defines a special type of Saudi Aramco engineering drawing andestablishes instructions for the preparation and use of these drawings, together with the responsibilities of those associated with them.2 Applicable DocumentsThe requirements contained in the following documents apply to the extent specified in this procedure:Saudi Aramco Engineering ProcedureSAEP-334Retrieval, Certification, and Submittal ofEngineering & Vendor DrawingsSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardSAES-A-202Saudi Aramco Engineering Drawing Preparation 3 Instructions3.1 Definition and PurposeSaudi Aramco Standard Drawings, referred herein as Standard Drawings, areprepared engineering drawings, approved by the concerned Saudi AramcoDepartment. They provide uniformity in design, procurement, fabrication andinstallation of materials and equipment in Company facilities.Standard Drawings are mandatory to the extent indicated by specific SaudiAramco Engineering Standards (SAESs) and Saudi Aramco Materials SystemSpecifications (SAMSSs). Nonetheless, in line with good drafting practice, thecontent and details of Standard Drawings shall be compatible with and reflectthe mandatory requirements of the SAESs and SAMSSs. References to SAESsor SAMSSs are not required, but may be included on Standard Drawings toassist drawing users.Engineers and design contractors shall incorporate appropriate StandardDrawings into project drawing packages for the construction of new facilities, orthe modification of existing facilities. Individuals specifying material andequipment shall attach appropriate Standard Drawings to requisitions andpurchase orders. Use of these drawings produce a number of cost-effectivebenefits, including reducing drafting time and effort, increasing the use ofcommonly available materials, and assisting construction contractors andinspectors that handle many similar installations.Next Planned Update: 6 April 2014 Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings3.2 Preparation and RevisionThe preparation and revision of Standard Drawings will follow the normalproduction requirements contained in the Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardSAES-A-202, and will be administered by the Drawing Management Unit,Engineering Knowledge & Resources Division (EK&RD).3.2.1 Titles and Title BlocksSelect a Standard Drawing title to clearly indicate the subject of thedrawing and how to interpret its contents (for example, "Installation ofJack Screws for Flanged Joints"). Do not abbreviate words in the title,unless there is a real shortage of space, and only then if the abbreviationwill not be misunderstood. Enter "Standard Drawing" on the left handside of the fourth line in the title block. If the Standard Drawing hasbeen metricated, enter "Metric" on the right hand side of the fourth line.Just above the title block, put the words "Drawing Responsibility:"followed by the name of the appropriate Standards Committee.3.2.2 Drawing NumberFor identification purposes, all Standard Drawings are assigned PlantNumber 990. The first three (3) digits of the six (6) digit StandardDrawing identification number will be "036", while the remainingnumbers will be unique.3.2.3 Drawing IndexAssign the index of every Standard Drawing following the informationcontained on Standard Drawing AE-036411 Sheet 001, "Drawing andEquipment Index Key".3.2.4 List of MaterialsInclude on all Standard Drawings that contain material, a list of thematerial showing SAMS numbers for stock items. If more space isneeded, add separate sheets to the Standard Drawing to accommodate thematerial list.3.3 DistributionThe distribution of Standard Drawings will follow the normal productionrequirements contained in the Saudi Aramco Engineering StandardSAES-A-202, and will also be administered by EK&RD / DMU.Next Planned Update: 6 April 2014 Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings3.3.1 Integrated Plant – IPlantStandard Drawings are maintained in electronic (CADD) format andlisted under Plant 990 and archived under the same plant file by DrawingManagement Unit, Engineering Knowledge & Resources Division inDhahran. Authorized users can browse the drawings from the DrawingManagement System (IPlant). This system provides on-line access toStandard Drawings, enabling users to query, view, and print them. Thesystem data is periodically updated to include all latest approveddrawings.3.3.2 DeskTop Standards SystemThe DeskTop Standards System is an approved source of information forStandard Drawings. Numerical and alphabetical lists of StandardDrawings are included, together with an Alert file identifying approvedrevisions. These files are updated periodically and can be accessedthrough the Intranet Site of ES Home Page under "EngineeringStandards".A review of the Alert file will enable users to know the latest revisionlevel and date of approved Standard Drawings.4 Responsibilities4.1 Standard Drawing ProponentsThe Managers of the Consulting Services, Loss Prevention, and Process &Control Systems Departments are the proponents for the Standard Drawingsassigned to their respective Standards Committees, and will exercise approvalauthority for their drawings. EK&RD / SCU is also responsible for Company-wide distribution of Standard Drawings through DeskTop Standards Program.4.2 Standards Committee ChairmenEach Standards Committee Chairman is responsible for periodically reviewing,updating or developing new Standard Drawings, and requesting the cancellationof obsolete Standard Drawings that are no longer needed. They shall ensurethat:- the details and contents of all Standard Drawings correctly communicate the mandatory requirements of SAESs and SAMSSs and clearly distinguishingthem from the non mandatory portions of the drawings;Next Planned Update: 6 April 2014 Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings - stock item numbers shown are still available from SAMS, and are the most cost-effective selection based on the service life and environment;- all proposed revisions or new issues are thoroughly reviewed with other organizations affected by the drawing contents;- all Standard Drawings are approved by their Manager, prior to issuing for use; and- all critical supporting documentation, data, and calculations are forwarded to the Standards Coordinator for retention in historical files.4.3 Standard Coordination Unit, EK&RDThe Standard Coordination Unit will:- ensure that accurate records are maintained on the status of all approved revisions to Standard Drawings, and correctly reported on the DeskTopStandards Alert files;- obtain electronic images (PDF) of approved Standard Drawings to include with distribution of the DeskTop Standards Program;- retain in historical files, all critical supporting documentation, data, andcalculations received from Standards Committee Chairmen, and- coordinate preparation, revision and cancellation of Standard Drawings.4.4 Drawing Management Unit, EK&RDThe Drawing Management Unit is responsible for:- the control, storage, and retrieval of Standard Drawings following therequirements of the Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard SAES-A-202;- securing approved electronic file of Standard Drawings and loading them into IPlant.- incorporate revisions to existing ones and generate new Standard Drawings.4.5 Users of Standard DrawingsProject Management, Engineering, and Maintenance organizations and otherusers are responsible for incorporating Standard Drawings into the design,procurement, and construction of new and modification of existing facilities.Include prints or (electronic PDF files) of Standard Drawings in project designpackages. To eliminate errors between different versions of a StandardNext Planned Update: 6 April 2014 Saudi Aramco Standard DrawingsDrawing, indicate both the drawing number and its revision number in the otherproject documents.Purchasing shall attach Standard Drawings to purchase requisitions and orders,when called for by those documents.Materials Standardization shall identify references to obsolete SAMS stocknumbers for correction, and recommend to the Standards Committee Chairman,use of more cost-effective SAMS stock material.Revision Summary6 April 2009 Revised the “Next Planned Update”. Reaffirmed the contents of the document and reissuedwith editorial changes.17 February 2010 Editorial revisions.。

ASTM A335标准解释

无损检测试验
d) 、对于漏磁试验，纵向参考切槽应与管轴线相平行的径向平面上机加工出直边切槽。当壁厚小于12.7mm时，应采用内、外侧切槽，当大于12.7mm时只需采用外侧切槽。切槽深度不得超过规定壁厚的12.5%或0.1mm取两者中的较大值，切槽长度不得超过25.4mm 其宽度不应超过其深度，内、外侧切槽的位置应离开足够的距离以便于区分和辨认从每一切槽的反射信号. E）更大或更小些的参考缺陷，或两者都取，可由钢管厂和采购方商定。 9、标定程序 a)、在每一系列相同尺寸、级别及热处理状态公称钢管的开头及结尾，以及在这系列公称钢管的检验时间每隔不超过4小时，试验装置应经过标定，根据钢管厂的选择，或由采购方和钢管厂商定的要求可进行更加频率的标定。
水压试验
1、除2、3条规定外，每根管均应经水压试验。 2、除非在采购订货单另有规定外，由钢管厂自行决定，每一根公称管应经受无损检测来代替水压试验。 3、当采购方作了规定时，公称管可以不经水压试验及不经无损检测。 4、当采购方作了规定时，公称管可以经水压试验后，还要经无损检测。
无损检测试验
A450 碳钢、铁素体合金钢和奥氏体合金钢管子通用要求标准。 A530 专门用途碳钢和合金钢公称管通用要求标准 E 213 金属和管道超声波检验实用规程 E309 钢管制品采用磁饱合的涡流检验实用规程 E570 铁磁性管材制品的漏磁通检验实用规程
订货须知
订货单需包括如下11项： 1、数量(英尺、米或根数) 2、材料名称(无缝合金钢公称管) 3、级别(P1、P2、P22、P11、P22、P91共16个) 4、制造方法(热精整或冷拔) 5、使用下列所示出的某一种规格 1)、NPS和管壁厚序号， 2)、外径和公称壁厚， 3)、外径和最小壁厚， 4)、内径和公称壁厚， 5)、内径和最小壁厚，

浅谈沙特阿美非常规钻机的设备验收

浅谈沙特阿美非常规钻机的设备验收摘要沙特阿美石油公司以其严格的安全标准闻名于世。

沙特阿美石油公司非常规钻井部起源于探井钻井部，是对安全要求最为苛刻的部门。

本文将以SPXXX队新钻机验收检查为例，浅谈沙特阿美非常规钻机的设备验收。

关键词：安全；标准；非常规；验收沙特阿美石油公司新钻机验收生产（设备）部分以及安全部分以检查单的形式进行。

在检查过程中，除执行沙特阿美石油公司的通用标准之外，非常规钻井部的验收将更加苛刻，其对于相关标准的解读和执行也更加严格和深入。

本文将主要就新钻机验收检查中钻井队因为前期设备建造过程中疏忽而造成的问题进行总结，以期在今后的新钻机建造验收过程中能够节约人力物力，尽早通过验收。

新钻机验收安全部分主要由沙特阿美石油公司DOE&CD（钻修井作业合规部）派往现场的安全官完成。

该部分检查的主要依据来自于沙特阿美石油公司钻修井部的HSERM（健康、安全、环境要求手册）和SWIM（安全作业指导手册）。

因此，为顺利通过新钻机开钻验收，熟读这两本手册非常有必要，当安全官提出不合理的要求时，可以依据这两本手册的内容对其不合理要求进行反驳。

下文将对新钻机验收安全按照类别分别进行说明。

1 设备合格证及相关文档资料设备合格证，即COC(certificate of compliance)，符合性证明，是对符合标准要求的产品颁发的证书，可以简单理解成设备合格证。

设备合格证标明设备的序列号、制造日期等关键内容，是验证设备可追溯性的重要证据。

无论是在非常规钻井部的开钻验收检查还是在开钻以后的设备三类、四类检测中，设备合格证都是必须提供的证书。

设备合格证不仅仅需要收集各种主体设备如井架、底座、钻机、泥浆泵、天车、游车、顶驱等的合格证，还需要收集如泄压阀（PRV）、气罐、天车游车滑轮、起升滑轮等的合格证及相关支撑文档。

尤其是泄压阀，遍布设备的各个角落，如泥浆泵、灌注泵、气瓶、空气压缩机、各个液压站等处。

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Previous Issue: 7 November 2006 Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017Page 1 of 11Primary contact: Nasri, Nadhir Ibrahim on 966-3-8809603Engineering ProcedureSAEP-35112 May 2012Bolted Flange Joints AssemblyDocument Responsibility: Piping Standards CommitteeSaudi Aramco DeskTop StandardsTable of Contents1 Scope.............................................................2 2 References..................................................... 23 Responsibilities.............................................. 24 Pre-Assembly Inspection............................... 35 Torquing......................................................... 46 Torquing Tools............................................... 47 Stud Bolt Tightening Procedure..................... 48 Stud Bolt Additional Tightening Procedure where Leaks OccurDuring Pressure Testing (5)Table-SAEP-351-01 – Friction Factors for Different Lubricants.................................. 6 Table-SAEP-351-02 – Torque Values for Low-Alloy Steel Bolting............................. 7 Table-SAEP-351-03 – Torque Values for Isolating Gaskets (PIKOTEK) on ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 Series A & B, Class 150 Through Class 2500 Flanges....................................... 8 Figure SAEP-351-01 – Stud Bolt Tightening Sequence (4 to 32 Bolts)............................... 9 Figure SAEP-351-02 – Stud Bolt Numbering (36 to 68 Bolts)............................................. 10 Table-SAEP-351-04 – Cross-Pattern Tightening Sequence (36 to 68 Bolts)Per (ASME PCC-1) (11)Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly1 ScopeThis procedure defines minimum requirements to assemble bolted flanged joints inpressure containing piping systems as defined in SAES-L-100. It is applicable for both new and existing facilities.2 References2.1 Saudi Aramco ReferencesSaudi Aramco Engineering StandardsSAES-L-100Applicable Codes & Standards for Pressure PipingSystemsSAES-L-109Selection of Pipe Flanges, Bolts and GasketsSAES-L-350Construction of Plant PipingSAES-L-450Construction of Pipelines2.2 Industry Codes and StandardsAmerican Petroleum InstituteAPI BULL 5A2 Bulletin on Thread Compounds for Casing, Tubing,and Line PipeAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ throughNPS 24ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 through NPS 60ASME B31.3 Process PipingASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for LiquidHydrocarbons and Other LiquidsASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping SystemsASME PCC-1 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted FlangeJoint Assembly3 Responsibilities3.1 For existing facilities the following shall apply:3.1.1 It is the responsibility of Operations Superintendent to ensure that thisNext Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly procedure is adhered to during the maintenance activities within thefacilities under his jurisdiction.3.1.2 The maintenance personnel executing the flange assembly activities mustbe aware of this procedure and ASME PCC-1 Guideline and have theproper training to conduct the work.3.2 For new capital program projects the following shall apply:3.2.1 The Project Manager is responsible for ensuring that the ConstructionContractor is following this procedure or specific procedures that shallbe approved by Proponent, SAPMT, Inspection and the Piping StandardsCommittee Chairman or his representative.3.2.2 The contractor personnel executing the flange assembly shall adhere toflange assembly procedure. They shall have proper training and skills toconduct the job.4 Pre-Assembly Inspection4.1 The gasket shall be verified for correct type, rating, dimension and compatibilitywith the flange facing. Also, it shall be free from any damage particularly in theseating element. Ensure that spiral wound gaskets are stored flat especially forlarge sizes, 24 inches and larger.4.2 Bolts, nuts and washers shall be visually checked for proper size, grade,dimension and for any physical damage to shanks or threads which would affectthe bolt assembly or performance. Also, check the suitability of the stud boltsand nuts material for the service temperature and the compatibility with theflange material.4.3 The flange facing, particularly the seating area, shall be visually examined forcleanliness and ensure that no damage, such as scratches exist.For ring joint type flanges, the ring and the ring groove shall be free of damageand dirt.4.4 Proper lubricant for bolts and nuts shall be used. Lubricant for bolts and nuts shallbe Jet-Lube SS-30 or other acceptable lubricants listed in Table-SAEP-351-01.4.5 Tightening tools shall be checked for adequacy, performance and calibration, ifrequired.4.6 Lubricant shall not be used in the gasket and the gasket seating area.4.7 Flange shielding shall be installed/reinstalled when required.Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly Commentary Note:Flange shielding is normally used for personnel protection against possible liquidsplash or high temperature during operation.5 Torquing5.1 Torque values vary according to flange rating, bolt size, type of gasket, andfriction factor of the thread lubricant.5.2 The torque values are specified in Table-SAEP-351-02 and Table-SAEP-351-03.5.3 Table-SAEP-351-02 applies to all gaskets listed in SAES-L-109, except forinsulating gaskets.5.4 Table-SAEP-351-03 applies to isolating gaskets (e.g., PIKOTEK), based on afriction factor of 0.16.6 Torquing Tools6.1 There are various types of tools available to achieve the proper torque value.Selection of the proper tool depends on the stud bolt size, physical location ofthe flanged joint, and criticality of the flange. Identifying the proper tools shallbe resolved between Contractor, SAPMT, Proponent and Inspection prior tocommencing the erection of the piping.6.2 The manufacturer's instructions shall be followed for the operation, limitationand maintenance of all torque wrenches used to perform flange bolts tightening.6.3 Torque wrench calibration shall be performed in accordance with manufacturer'srecommendations.7 Stud Bolt Tightening ProcedureStep 1 Align flanges and gasket. Forced tightening is not allowed to overcome non acceptable alignment tolerances. Clamp securely in place.Step 2 Apply lubricants to stud threads over length and nut engagement and to face of nut which contacts flange. Ensure that the nuts run freely down the thread ofthe studs.Step 3 Install all studs and nuts hand tight, ensure that studs pass freely through the flange holes. Position the nut on one end of the stud such that only the crownof the stud projects beyond the face of the nut. The excess stud length shouldproject beyond the nut on the other side.Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly Commentary Note:By doing this, the nut that is installed nearly flush with the end of the stud canbe easily removed since the threads are not coated, and normally have notbeen subjected to corrosion. The side of the stud with the flush nut should bechosen by taking into consideration factors such as whether one side has betteraccess for maintenance personnel and/or tightening tools, e.g., torque wrenchor impact wrench, etc.Step 4 Number each stud according to its position in the flange as shown on Figure 1: Stud Bolt Tightening Sequence.Step 5 For insulting gaskets like PIKOTEK, enough gap (½" of gap is recommended) should be available between flange faces to avoid any damage to seals duringinserting the gaskets, if due to any reasons, seals are damaged, change the sealbefore installing PIKOTEK.Step 6 Matting flange faces and the gaskets should be dry and free from grease, oil or water.Step 7 Tighten studs per the Stud Bolt Tightening Sequence, for 4 to 32 bolts use Figure SAEP-351-01 and for 36 to 68 bolts see Figure SAEP-351-02 for boltsnumbering and then follow the tightening sequence of Table SAEP-351-04.An appropriate tool should be used such as an air impact wrench or equivalent.Step 8 For joints containing RTJ or Spiral Wound Gaskets, repeat step 7.Step 9 Tighten the stud bolts in stages to obtain the final required torque from the appropriate torque Table-SAEP-351-02. The first stage should not be morethan 30% of the final torque. The final torque shall be within ±5% of therequired torque value.Apply the torque evenly to each stud following the stud bolt tighteningsequence. The final torque must be within ±5% of the required values perSection 7 above.8 Stud Bolt Additional Tightening Procedure where Leaks Occur DuringPressure TestingStep 1 Depressurize the piping system and re-torque stud bolts to maximum torque value shown on Table-SAEP-351.Step 2 If leak does not stop after re-torquing has been performed, disassemble the flange joint and inspect as follows:a. Inspect stud bolts and nuts for defects or damage to threads or impropercleaning of threads.Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assemblyb. Inspect flange faces for damage, misalignment.c. Inspect gasket for damage or defects.Step 3 After all defective and damaged items have been repaired or replaced,reassemble the flange joint using a new gasket and tighten the bolts using themaximum torque values.Table-SAEP-351-01 – Friction Factors for Different LubricantsNext Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly Table-SAEP-351-02 – Torque Values for Low-Alloy Steel BoltingNotes:1) Torque values are based on 50,000 psi prestress on stud bolts and Friction Factorof 0.16 for noncoated surfaces and 0.12 for new coated surfaces. A combination ofvarious elements such as the conditions of the threads, the condition of the flange tothe nut bearing surface and the type of lubricant used, makes up the friction factorwhich can vary from .04 to .20 or as much as 500%.2) Torque values for stainless steel or other alloy stud bolts can be obtained bymultiplying the ratio of the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) of stainless steelstud bolts to A193 B7 stud bolts, to the torque values in the Table-SAEP-351-02.The SMYS values for all bolting materials are listed in ASME B31.3 code(Note:SMYS depends on grade, class and size).Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly Table-SAEP-351-03 – Torque Values for Isolating Gaskets (PIKOTEK)on ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 Series A & B,Class 150 Through Class 2500 FlangesNote: Torque values based on 30,000 psi tension load and 0.16 Friction Factor fromAPI BULL 5A2 thread compound. See Table-SAEP-351-02 Note (1) for other factors.Commentary Notes:a) For ASME Class 900 through Class 2500, API-6B and API-6BX Class 2000 through Class 15000,and RTJ Flanges, the maximum compressive stresses induced during installation should not exceed25,000 psi. Design to 12,500 psi when possible.b) Calculations for compressive stresses applied during torque-up procedures must account for ringjoint grooves, gasket seal grooves, raised face diameters, and gasket inside diameter.(See PIKOTEK Gasket User's manual).c) Bolt tensioning equipment such as HYDRATIGHT may be used for class 900 and above resulting ina minimum residual bolt stress of 30000 psi and a maximum of 50,000 psi. Refer to PIKOTEKGasket User's manual for specific bolting instructions.Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly Figure SAEP-351-01 – Stud Bolt Tightening Sequence (4 to 32 Bolts)Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly Figure SAEP-351-02 – Stud Bolt Numbering (36 to 68 Bolts)Document Responsibility: Piping Standards Committee SAEP-351 Issue Date: 12 May 2012Next Planned Update: 12 May 2017 Bolted Flange Joints Assembly Table-SAEP-351-04 – Cross-Pattern Tightening Sequence(36 to 68 Bolts) per (ASME PCC-1)Revision Summary12 May 2012 Revised the "Next Planned Update". Reaffirmed the contents of the document, and reissuedwith no other changes.Page 11 of 11。