Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction(1)模板
轮机英语词汇总结1~20章
Lesson1：ships and machinery 专业词汇：naval architect造船工程师marine engineer轮机工程师hull 船体外壳propel推进steer 操舵anchor 抛锚cargo-handling 货物装卸vibration振动longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的deck甲板hatch 舱口hatch cover舱盖navigating bridge area 驾驶台communication centre通信中心stabilizer 减摇鳍container ship 集装箱船bulk carrier 散货船tanker液货船passenger ship 客船cruise ship 游船pilot vessel 引航船displacement排水量deadweight 船舶载重量light weight 船舶空船排水量installation 安装layout 布置gearbox 齿轮箱direct-couple 直接传动diesel engine柴油机team turbine 蒸汽轮机propeller 螺旋桨prime mover原动机crankshaft 曲轴cylinder 气缸auxiliary辅助的generator发电机air compressor 空压机evaporator 造水机heat exchanger 换热机boiler 锅炉funnel烟炊twin-screw双螺旋port左旋starboard 右旋waste combustion plant 焚烧炉bulkhead 船舱壁metric米制的公制的tug 拖船非专业词汇：vehicle 交通工具habitability可居住性overlap 重合ores 矿石arbitrary 任意性distinct 清楚的独特的endure 持续度过self-sustaining 自稳定自维持Lesson2：how does a marine diesel engine work 专业词汇：internal combustion engine内燃机ignite 点燃injection喷射chamber腔室piston活塞spray 油雾cycle循环sequence顺序stroke 冲程alternator 交流发电机aspirate吸入atomized 雾化的auxiliary 辅助的blow 吹，鼓风draw 抽吸centripetal 向心的chamber 腔，室charge 填充物combustion 燃烧compress压缩crank 曲柄crankshaft 曲轴crankpin 曲柄箱cylinder 气缸diesel 柴油机exhaust 排出，耗尽，废气fine细小的generator 发电机ignite 点燃induce 引起，招致inefficient 效率低的inhale 吸入inject 喷射injector喷射器inlet 进口marine海运的，船用的piston活塞principle 原理，原则propeller螺旋桨，推进器propulsion 推进residual 残留的，剩余的revolution 转rotate 旋转scavenge扫除，吹除timing 定时turbocharge 涡轮增压turbocharger 涡轮增压器bottom dead centre （BDT）下止点top dead centre（TDC）上止点loop scavenge 回流扫气uniflow scavenge 直流扫气reduction gear box 减速齿轮箱slight ram 进气阀座connecting rod 连杆blade 叶片非专业词汇：adjacent邻近的application 请求，应用closure 关闭encourage 促使fresh 新鲜的inlet 进口medium 中间的，介质operation 操作，过程poppet 提升retard 推迟vast 大量的Lessen3 diesel engine construction 专业词汇：adjustment 调节annular 环形的assembly 组件bearing 轴承bedplate 机座bolt螺栓bore 钻孔channel 通道clearance间隙component 部件diameter 直径dowel 销钉drill 钻孔duct 管道emission 散发，喷射film 油膜flange 法兰forge 锻造frame 机架groove槽，沟guide导板indicator 示功器jacket 夹层joint 接口liner 衬套maneuverability 机动操作性，机动性mount 安装pin 销子reliability 凹槽scraper 刮油器screw 螺钉seating 座，底座shim 垫片shoe 滑块slot 开槽stud 双头螺栓weld焊接carrier ring 承磨环cast iron 铸铁chain transmission 链条传动white metal 白合金stuffing box 填料箱非专业词汇：deformation变形rigid 刚性的，坚实的rubber 橡胶horizontally 水平地adequate 足够的advanced先进的chromium镀铬construction结构displace 错位integral 整体的precise精确的reliability 可靠性rotary旋转secure固定topmost最上部vertical垂直的vital至关重要的Lesson4 fuel oil system 专业词汇：catalyst催化剂catalytic催化剂的centrifuge分油机cavitation 气穴现象contaminate污染contaminate杂质deaerate除气，除氧impurity杂质，混杂物overflow溢流overhaul大修pressurize增压，密封purifier分水机clarifier分杂机refinery炼油厂rust铁锈safeguard维护，保护措施black-out全船停电booster pump增压泵gasway气道in parallel并联in series串联residual fuel渣油fuel oil燃油diesel oil柴油daily service tank日用柜viscosity粘度preheater预热supply pump驳运泵maintenance维护setting point倾点water content水分cleaerate放气flash point闪点specific gravity比重valve seat阀座bar大气压filter滤器非专业词汇：component元件，构件consumption消费量conventional常规的delivery传递，输送provided倘若irrespective不考虑的Lesson5 central cooling water system专业词汇：Chest 箱，柜deaeration除气malfunction故障scoop收集器，吸入口standstill停车thermostatic恒温的by-pass旁通管expansion tank 膨胀水箱volume体积alarm device 报警装置shipyard船厂非专业词汇：Accomodate 收容，装有additional另外的alternatively备用地integrate使成整体，结合Lesson 6Reservoir 容器Drainage 放残Interlock 连锁Non-return vavle 单向阀Pilot air 控制空气Pneumatic 气动Vent 放气Ahead/astern 进车/倒车Deposit 沉积物Ignite 点燃Flame trap 阻焰口Relief vavle 安全阀Bursting cap 防爆门Fusible plug 易熔塞Air distribution 空气分配器Engage/disengage 啮合/脱离Humidity 湿度Suck in 吸收Isolate 隔离Manoeuvre 操纵，机动Provision 备件Reluctant 冗余的Drawn from 来自Stringent 严格的Bore 孔Correspond 相应的Whilst 当什么时候Occurrence 事故Lesson 7Oil film 油膜Neutralize 中和Acidic product 酸性产物Considerable 相当多的Resist oxidation 抗氧化Wear detritus 磨削Total loss system 不回收系统Circulating system 循环系统Line wall 气缸壁Piston ring belt 活塞环带Carry Out 实现完成Quill 注油针阀Residual fule 渣油Corrosive 腐蚀的Lacquer 漆Alkalinity 碱Detergency 去垢能力Property 性质Rupture 破裂Crack 裂纹Slump 油底壳In duplicate 双联Level guage 液位表Drain tank 循环柜Impinge 射到Counteract 克服Impart 给予Reversal 相反的=Lesson 8Naturally aspiration 自然换气Exhaust gas turbocharging 废气涡轮增压Induce 参与Manifold 总管Volumetric efficiency 容积效率Turbine blade 增压机压片Adjacent 邻近的Swirl 漩涡Opposed piston 对置活塞Constant pressure system 定压增压Pulse system 脉动增压Thermal loads 热负荷Cross flow scavenge 横流扫去i Loop flow scavenge 回流增压Uniflow scavenge 直流扫气Blower 鼓风机Simplify 简化Lesson 10Thrust 推力Intermediate shaft 中间轴承Tail shaft 尾轴承Sterntube 尾轴管Cone 螺旋桨轴帽Mounte 安装Integral/independent 整体式/独立式Cate for 满足Shock load 冲击性负荷Thrust block 推力块Fitted bolt 紧固螺栓Bearing pad 承压块Pivot 支点，枢轴Tilt 倾斜Thrust Collar 推力环Oil scraper 刮油器Fabricate 铸造Aftermost tunnel bearing 尾轴管轴承Jounal bush 轴瓦Oil thrower ring 甩油环Gland 机械密封Outboard/inboard 舷外/内Stuffing box 填料箱Bulkhead 舱壁Lip seal 唇封Radial seal 径向密封Mate 配对Ingot steel 钢锭Taper 变细Fixed pitch propeller 定距桨Controlallable pitch propeller 变距浆Static 静态Dynamic 动态Lesson11直径Diameter半径radius孔，镗孔bore 行程stroke 平均有效压力MEP平均活塞速度mean piston speed 比燃油消耗率SFOC共轨common rail传统的conventionl 可用的available电磁阀magnetic valve/ solenoid valve 可靠性reliability耐用性durability精确地precisely精确的precise灵活地flexibly消耗consumption优化的optimized排放mission机动性maneuverability大修over hauls烟灰soot变量，可变的variable备份back-upLesson15轴向的axial离心的centrifugal水库，水柜reservoir安全阀relief valve容积volume排出的delivery排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve空气室air vessel椭圆的elliptical螺杆screw双作用double acting往复泵reciprocating displacement pump 自吸self-priming维护，保养maintenance放残draining回转式容积泵rotary displacement pump 程序procedure轴封shaft sealing密封装置packing arrangement磨蚀abrasive腐蚀corrosive叶轮impeller外围periphery填料箱式packed gland转子element机械轴封mechanical seal耦合室coupling spacer紧tight导轮diffuser套筒drum串联in seriesLesson10Transmission SystemThrust shaft推力轴Intermediate shaft 中间轴Tail shaft 尾轴Thrust block推力轴承Thrust collar 推力环Lip seal 唇形密封Head tanker高置油箱Thread 螺纹Back press背压Boss 桨Pitch 螺距Radial face seal 径向面密封Fixed pitch propeller定距桨Stern tube bearing 尾轴管轴承Controllable pitch propeller变距桨Bearing pad 推力块Integral 完整的Cone 锥形物推冒Rudder 舱Hull 壳体Fitted blot 紧配螺栓Pivot 支点Tilt 使倾斜Scraper 刮油器Cascade 分布Fabricate 焊接Aftermost 靠近船尾Bush 轴瓦Tunnel 轴遂Thrower ring 甩油环Dip 浸入Lignum vitae铁梨木Timber 纤维Axial 轴向的Radial 径向的Stuffing box填料箱Helicoidat 螺旋面Blad 桨叶Rigid 刚性的Cascade 倾泻Lesson11 A leap in technology for marine enginesMagnetic valve 电磁阀Part load 低负荷Emission 排放Strock 行程Mean piston speed 活塞平均速度SFOC燃油消耗率Bore 缸孔Coastal 海岸的Diminish 使减少Dredger 挖泥船Leap 飞跃Optimal 最理想的Optimize 使最优化Precise 精确的Vital 至关重要的Back up 备份Lesson12 ME EnginesActuator 执行器Boester 升压器Diognostics 诊断Governor 调速器Hydraulic 水力的Inclination 倾斜Mechatronic 机械电子的Mesh 网孔Momentum 动力Proprietary 专利的Servo 伺服Counterpart对应物LESSON13 marine boilera and their constructionAttemperator 保温装置Casing 包装Conrection 传送对流Downcomer 下水道Furnace 炉子Gastight 不漏气Mounting 设备Propulsion 推力推进力Spherical 球型的Tangent 接触的Refractory lining耐火Saturated steam 饱和蒸汽Steam generation 蒸发Lesson14boiler mountings management and maitentBilge 舱底Condensate 冷凝物Bulge 不规则突起Detritus 碎石Dislodge 驱逐Fracture 破裂Friable 易碎的、Gauge 测量Periodically 优先的Salinity 盐分Sludge 淤泥Sample connection 取样口Soot blower 吹灰口Steam trap 凝气口Lesson15 marine pumpAxial flow pump 轴流泵Screw displacement pump 螺杆泵Displacement pump 容积式泵Peciprdate 螺杆泵Impeller 叶轮Volute 蜗壳Pump element 泵转子Priming umit引水单元Self-priming自吸Multi-stage多级Vane 叶片Wearing ring 承磨环Suction pipe 引入管NPSH汽蚀余量Configuration 构造Equilibrium平衡Pipe work 管系Alternately 交替的Valve arrangement阀组Air vessel空气室Dampen 减弱Vaper 水蒸气Entrained 引入空气Seizure 卡住Ridge凸台Erratically 不稳定Ground in 研磨Nesh 啮合Abrasive 磨蚀的Covrosive 腐蚀的Strip 拆开Bracket 支架Diffuser 导轮Coupling spacer耦合室Reservoir 储存器Lesson16marine refrigerationRefrigerant 冷剂Condenser 冷凝器Sub-cooled过冷Super heat 过热Evaporator 蒸发器Liquid receiver 储液器Drier 干燥器Unloading gear 卸载机构Hermetic 封闭的Semi-hermetic 半封闭的Oxide 氧化Brine 盐水Carbon dioxide二氧化碳Compact 紧凑的Bulb 湿包Fin 肋板Pass over 在上面流过Pass through 在里面穿过Ventilation 通风Solenoid valve 电磁阀Sub—devided 细分Rotor 螺杆Star wheel 星形轮Pitch 倾斜Fan 风机Coin 盘管Hunt 震荡Baffce 挡板Solenoid 螺线管Elastomer 弹性体Lesson17 marine refrigeration management and fault diagnosisLeak detector lamp检漏灯Concentration 浓度Liquid hammer水击Oil hammer油击Surplus 过多的Up right 直立Inclined 倾斜Violet 紫色Pale blue淡蓝Symptom 症状Press differential rely压差继电器Parge valve 放气阀Service valve 检修阀Duct 管子Under charge 冷剂不足Gauge 压力表Stem 阀杆Purge 放出Ascertain 确定Lesson20 Air Conditioning systemClimatic condition 气候条件Sufficient 足够充分Relative humidity 相对湿度Percentage 百分数Ratio 比例Vapor pressure蒸汽压力Absorb 吸收Heat source 热源Criculate 循环Renewal 补充Consume 消耗Single duct system 单风管系统Volume 容积Flexible 灵活性Tendency 趋势Incurs 引起Fabricated standard duct 预制标准尺寸风管Air terminals lined 空气终端管路Sound insulation material 隔音材料Centrifugal fan 离心式风机Driect expansion 直接膨胀Hermetic 气密的Thermostat 温度传感器Pnenmatic 气动型Capacity 载荷Stuffiness 不通风的Interval 每隔Grease 润滑Axial flow fan 轴流式风机Slight variation 微调Extreme weather 热带气候Tropical condition温和条件Intermediate weather极端天气Lesson19 Bilge Water Treatment SystemBilge water 舱底水Definition 定义Scope 范围Merely 仅仅Intermittent 断续Predictable 可预测Foresee 预见Soot water 吹灰冲洗水Leakage 泄露Detergent 洗涤剂Cat fine 催化粉末Soot 灰分Primary 第一级Particle 颗粒Portion 空间Emulsified 被乳化Organic solvent 有机溶剂Sludge 渣Nautical miles 海里Desposal 排放Legislation 立法Ecosystem 生态系统Constraints 约束Compactness 结构紧凑Droplet 滴Buoyancy 浮力Disperse 分散Immiscible 不融合的Shear 剪力Robust 耐用Adsorbent 吸附剂Polisher 洁油单元Zeolite 硅酸盐Capacity 能力Salinity 盐度Polymeric 聚合体Ultimate 根本上Primary 最初的Cross—flow membrane 横流膜Predicte 预期Filtration system 反渗透超滤系统Lesson20 Garbage Management and Biological Sewage TreatmentClinker 渣块Refuse 废物Dunnage 垫舱物料Crockery 陶器Comminute 粉碎Incinerator 焚烧炉Discharge 排出Authorize 批准In principle 原则上Engage 从事Comply 遵守Prescribe 规定Regulator 调节器Extended aeration process 充分曝气过程Bubbling 气泡Agitating 搅拌Bacteria 细菌Propagate 繁殖Thrives 兴旺Innocuous 无害的BOD生物需氧量Aerobic 好氧的Anaerobic 厌氧的。
发动机专业英语
发动机专业英语一、Engine construction发动机构造1. rocker arm cover 摇臂罩2. valve rocker arm 气门摇臂3. camshaft 凸轮轴4. camshaft drive 凸轮轴驱动轮5.spark plug lead 火花塞导线6. timing belt cover 正时皮带罩7. valve spring 气门弹簧8. poppet valve 菌形气门9. piston 活塞10. connecting rod 连杆11. timing belt 正时皮带12. combustion chamber 燃烧室13. cylinder block 汽缸体14. water jacket 水套15. oil filter 机油滤清器16. flywheel 飞轮17. ring gear 齿圈18.oil gage 机油标尺19. oil pan/sump 油底壳20. crankshaft 曲轴21. drain plug 放油孔塞22. v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term基本术语1. cylinder diameter 汽缸直径2. piston stroke 活塞行程3. crank radius 曲轴半径4. piston displacement 活塞排量5. compression chamber volume 压缩室容积6. total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积7. top dead center 上止点8. bottom dead center 下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1. Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理1. intake stroke 进气行程2. compression stroke 压缩行程3. expansion stroke 膨胀行程4. exhaust stroke 排气行程5. combustible mixture 可燃混合气6. intake valve 进气门7. spark plug 火花塞8. exhaust valve 排气门9. exhaust gas 废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理1. intake stroke 进气行程2. compression stroke 压缩行程3. expansion stroke 膨胀行程4. exhaust stroke 排气行程5. intake 进气6. compression 压缩7. combustion 燃烧8. expansion 膨胀9. exhaust 排气10. air 空气11. injector 喷油器12. exhaust gas 废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine op eration principle二冲程汽油机工作原理1. combustible mixture 可燃混合气2. inlet port 进气口3. crankcase 曲轴箱4. precompressed mixture 预压混合气5. transfer canal 输气道6. intake port 进气口7. exhaust port 排气口8. exhaust gas 废气9. spark plug 火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine oper ation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理1. air 空气2. blower pump 扫气泵3. precompressed air 预压空气4. air chamber 空气室5. inlet port 进气口6. injector 喷油器7. exhaust valve 排气门8. exhaust gas 废气四、Engine performance发动机性能1. fixed throttle characteristics 速度特性2. part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3. engine speed 转速4. torque 扭矩5. horsepower 功率6. specific（特效药、详细的精确的） fuel consumption 燃油消耗率五．Crank connecting rodmechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组1. cylinder block 汽缸体2. cylinder liner 汽缸套3. cylinder bearing surface 汽缸套表面4. cylinder head 汽缸盖发动机5. inlet manifold mountingflange 进气歧管凸缘6. oil inlet hole 加油孔7. cylinder head cover 汽缸盖罩8. cylinder head gasket 汽缸盖衬垫9. oil filter mounting flange 机油滤清器凸缘10. ventilating pipe mounting seat 通风管座11. cylinder block stiffeningrib 汽缸体加强肋12. rear main bearing cover 后主轴承罩13. main bearing cap 主轴承盖14. oil sump pan gasket 油底壳衬垫15. oil sump/pan 油底壳16. fuel pump mountingflange 燃油泵凸缘17. ignition distributor mounting f lange 分电器凸缘18. camshaft bearing bushseat 凸轮轴轴承座19. camshaft drive(gear)cover 凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20. cylinder head covergasket 汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组1. connecting rod shank 连杆杆身2. connecting rod small end 连杆小头3. connecting rod bushing 连杆衬套4. spring clip 弹簧卡环5. piston pin 活塞销6. piston head 活塞头部7. piston ring groove 活塞环槽8. compression ring 压缩环9. oil scraper ring 油环10. piston skirt 活塞裙部11. piston pin boss 活塞销座12. connecting rod bearing halfsh ell 连杆轴瓦13. connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓14. connecting rod cap 连杆大头盖15. Connecting rod end 连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组1. crankshaft front end 曲轴前端2. front main journal 前主轴颈3. oil passage hole 机油孔4. crank pin 曲柄销5. crank web 曲柄臂6 counterweight 平衡重7 crankshaft collar 曲轴后端凸缘8 flywheel 飞轮9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10 flywheel lock plate 飞轮锁片11 clutch shaft bearing 离合器轴轴承12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lo wer) 主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲轴止推片14 bearing tang 轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 cam 凸轮3 tappet 气门挺杆4 side valve 侧置气门5 crankshaft timing gear 曲轴正时齿轮6 camshaft gear-wheel 凸轮轴齿轮7 gear drive 齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 camfollower 凸轮顶杆3 push rod 推杆4 adjuster 调整螺钉5 rocker shaft 摇臂轴6 rocker shaft 摇臂7 valve spring 气门弹簧8 valve 气门9 valve 气道10 combustion chamber 燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门1 camshaft front bearing 凸轮轴前轴承2 valve head 气门头3 valve stem 气门杆4 tappet 挺筒5 lower valve spring collar 气门弹簧下环6 outer valve spring 外气门弹簧7 valve guide 气门导管8 inner valve spring 内气门弹簧9 shielding cap 护帽10 oil flinger 油封11 upper valve spring collar 气门弹簧上环12 valve split cone 气门锁片13 closer 螺塞14 rocker shaft 摇臂轴15 rocker arm 摇臂16 rocker bracket 摇臂支座17 retaining washer 定位摇臂18 thrust washer 止推摇臂19 rocker adjusting screw 摇臂调整螺钉20 push rod 推杆21 camshaft rear bush 凸轮轴后轴承22 camshaft 凸轮轴23 camshaft center bush 凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24 cam 凸轮25 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图1 TDC（top dead center）上止点2 BDC(bottom dead center) 下止点3 intake opens 进气门开4 intake close 进气门关5 exhaust opens 排气门开6 exhaust closes 排气门关7 direction of rotation 旋转方向七、Gasoline engine-fuel s ystem汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵1 fuel level gauge 油面指示表2 air cleaner 空气滤清器3 carburetor 化油器4 inlet manifold 进气歧管5 exhaust manifold 排气歧管6 fuel pump 汽油泵7 fuel filter 汽油滤清器8 exhaust silencer 排气消声器9 fuel pipe 油管10 fuel tank 汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器1 intake tube 进气管2 deflector knob 导流旋扭3 air deflector 空气导流器4 cleaner body 滤清器壳5 butterfly nut 蝶形螺帽6 filter cover 滤清器盖7 filter seal ring 滤清器密封环8 cleaner cartridge 滤清器滤芯9 silencer element 消声元件10 crankcase bleed pipe 曲轴箱通风管11 hot air pipe 热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器1 fuel pump base 汽油泵座2 diaphragm 膜片3 fuel inlet neck 汽油进口4 fuel pump body 汽油泵壳5 filter screen 滤清器网6 bowl cover 泵盖7 fuel feed port 汽油出口8 distance washer 调整间隔垫圈9 diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧10 rocker arm 摇臂11 fulcrum pin 杠杆支点销12 fuel filter 汽油滤清器13 filter body 滤清器壳14 filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯15 glass bowl 玻璃滤杯16 bowl retaining clip 滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器1 air cleaner 空气滤清器2 valve needle 针阀3 float 浮子4 nozzle 喷管5 chock tube 喉管6 throttle valve 节气门7 intake manifold 进气歧管8 metering jet 量孔9 float chamber 浮子室10 intake valve 进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器1 down-draft carburetor 下喷式化油器2 nozzle 喷管3 float chamber 浮子室4 choke tube 喉管5 throttle valve 节气门6 intake manifold 进气歧管7 two-barrel carburetor 双管化油器8 choke tube 喉管9 plug 旋塞10 filter gauze 滤清器金属丝网11 fFuel inlet port 进气门口12 valve seat 阀座13 valve needle 针阀14 float needle valve 浮子针阀15 float pivot pin 浮子销16 float 浮子17 float chamber 浮子室18 accelerator pump 加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件1 throttle lever 节气门杆2 pull lever 拉杆3 release lever 放松杆4 throttle valve spindle 节气门轴5 throttle valve 节气门6 main metering jet 主量孔7 idle metering jet 怠速量孔8 accelerator pump discharge noz zle 加速泵输出喷管9 ball valve 球阀10 emulsion pipe 泡沫管11 air jet 空气喷孔12 starting device jet 起动喷孔13 accelerator pump piston 加速泵活塞14 operating cam 操纵凸轮15 accerlerator pump lever 加速泵杆16 adjustable stop 可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件1 throttle control lever 节气门操纵杆2 connecting lever rod 连接拉杆3 cable wire 拉索4 connecting adaptor 连接杆5 cable hose 拉索软管6 cable grommet 拉索橡胶圈7 throttle control cablehandle 节气门操纵拉钮8 choke control cablehandle 阻风门操纵拉钮9 pedal lever bracket 踏板拉杆支架10 accelerator pedal 加速踏板11 accelerator pedal hinge 加速踏板铰链12 accelerator pedal mounting bracket 加速踏板安装支架13 flexible boot cap 挠性防尘护套14 roller 滚子15 accelerator pedal lever 加速踏板杠杆16 accelerator pedal return spring加速踏板回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射1 fuel tank 汽油箱2 electric fuel pump 电动汽油泵3 fuel filter 燃油滤清器4 distributor pipe 分油管5 pressure regulator 压力调节器6 electronic control unit 电控单元7 injector 喷油器8 start valve 起动阀9 idle-speed adjusting screw 怠速调节螺钉10 throttle-valve switch 节气门开关11 throttle valve 节气门12 airflow sensor 空气流量计13 relay 继电器组14 oxygen sensor 氧传感器15 coolant-temperature sensor 冷却液温度传感器16 thermo time switch 温度时间开端17 distributor 分电器18 auxiliary-air device 补充空气阀19 idle-mixture adfustingscrew 怠速混合气调节螺钉20 battery 蓄电池21 ignition starter switch 点火起动开关7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector 电动汽油泵,喷油器1 inlet 汽油2 relief valve 卸压阀3 roller-cell pump 液子泵4 permanent magnet 永久磁铁5 armature 电枢6 non-return valve 单向阀7 outlet 出油8 fuel inlet 燃油进口9 filter inlet 滤清器10 electrical connection 电插头11 solenoid winding 电磁开关线阀12 return spring 回位弹簧13 solenoid plunger 电磁铁芯14 needle 针阀7.10 Sensor 传感器1 coolant-temperature senor 冷却液温度传感器2 terminal 电接头3 hosing 壳体4 thermistor 热敏电阻5 oxygen sensor 氧传感器6 electrical connector 电连接器7 cover 保护管8 body 传感器体9 shield over element 保护元件八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油机供油系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵1 fuel tank 柴油箱2 overflow valve 溢油箱4 feed pipe 低压油管5 fuel feed pump 手动输油泵6 fuel feed pump 输油泵7 injection pump 喷油泵8 return pipe 回油管9 pressure pipe 高压油管10 combustion chamber 燃烧室11 injector 喷油器12 exhaust pipe 排气管13 exhaust valve 排气门14 return pipe 排油管15 air cleaner 空气滤清器16 intake pipe 进气管8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室1 ω type chamber ω型燃烧室2 ball type chamber 球型燃烧室3 Swirl chamber 涡流室燃烧室4 precombustion chamber 预燃室燃烧室8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 roller tappet 滚轮挺柱3 plunger spring 柱塞弹簧4 plunger 柱塞5 control sleeve 控制套筒6 control rod lack 控制齿条7 inlet port 进油口8 pump cylinder 泵缸9 feeding gallery 进油通道10 delivery valve 出油阀11 pressure pipe adaptor 高压油管接头8.4 Injection 喷油器1 nozzle holder 喷油器体2 fuel inlet passage 进油通道3 leak-off adaptor 漏油接头4 inlet adaptor 进油接头5 leak-off passage 漏油通道6 adjusting shim 调整垫片7 nozzle valve spring 针阀弹簧9 needle valve 针阀10 clearance filter 间隙滤芯11 spring adjusting screw 弹簧调整螺钉8.5 Speed governor 调速器1 accelerator pedal linkage 加速踏板杆件2 operating lever 操纵杆3 control rod link 控制杆连接件4 flyweight 飞块5 floating lever 浮动杠杆6 eccentric shaft 偏心轴九、Exhaust system 排气系统1 bracket 支架2 bracket plate 支板3 exhaust manifold joint 排气歧管接头4 double manifold 双排歧管5 double manifold collar 双排歧管凸缘6 exhaust clip 排气管夹头7 pipe U-bolt 排气管U型螺栓8 flexible support 挠性支座9 front silence 前消声器10 flexible mounting plate 挠性安装板11 distance sleeve 间隔套管12 silencer flexible mounting 消声器挠性安装件13 protecting plate 防护板14 rear silencer 后消声器15 intermediate pipe 中间排气管16 front exhaust pipe 前段排气管17 copper-asbestos gasket 紫铜-石棉垫网十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压10.1 Turbocharging system 蜗轮增压系统1 inlet port 进气口2 compressor 压气机3 inlet valve 进气门4 exhaust valve 排气门5 turbine 蜗轮6 exhaust port 排气口7 engine 发动机10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器1 air inlet port 空气进口2 compressor 压气机3 oil supply 润滑油入口4 oil return 润滑油出口5 exhaust gas 废气（柴油机）6 turbine 蜗轮7 exhaust gas 废气（蜗轮）十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系统1 air pump 空气泵2 exhaust pipe 排气管3 air passage 空气通道4 NOx catalytic convertor NOx催化反应器5 HC/CO catalyticconvertor HC/ CO催化反应器6 silencer 消声器7 bypass valve 旁通阀8 engine 发动机11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器1 catalyst 催化剂颗粒2 internal pipe 内筒3 housing 外筒4 shell 壳体5 heat insulating material 绝热材料6 high temperature sensor 高温传感器7 silencer 消声器8 exhaust pipe 排气管十二、Engine-cooling system发动机冷却系12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系1 radiator 散热器2 radiator bottom tank 散热器下贮水室3 radiator core 散热器芯4 radiator top tank 散热器上贮水室5 fan 风扇6 water jacket 水套7 overflow pipe 溢流管8 drain plug 放水阀9 thermostat 节温器10 thermostat main valve 节温器主阀11 thermostat flexible bellows 节温器挠性波纹管12 thermostat bypass valve 节温器旁通管12.2 Radiator 传感器1 bottom radiator pipe 散热器出水软管2 radiator cowl 散热器罩3 top radiator cowl 散热器进水软管4 blind cable 百页窗拉索5 radiator filter 散热器加水口6 radiator shutter 散热器百页窗7 radiator filter cap 散热器加水口盖8 vacuum relief valve 真空安全阀9 pressure relief valve 减压阀10 filter sealing plate 加水口密封板11 radiator roller blind 散热器滚筒式百页帘12 overflow pipe 溢流管12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵1 fan blade 风扇叶片2 fan hub 风扇毂3 fan belt 风扇皮带4 fan pulley 风扇皮带轮5 shaft bearing 水泵轴承6 pump body 泵体7 water main inlet port 进水口8 water bypass inlet neck 旁通进水口9 self-adjusting seal unit 自动调节密封件10 pump impeller 水泵叶轮11 pump cover 泵盖12 cover gasket 泵盖衬垫13 water outlet port 出水口14 fan and pump shaft 风扇与水泵轴12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系1 blower 风扇2 blower-casing 风扇外壳3 reactor 定子叶轮4 reactor blade 定子叶片5 cooling air 冷却空气6 air cooled cylinder head 风冷汽缸盖7 deflector 导向叶片8 cylinder head fin 气缸盖肋片9 cylinder block fin 气缸体肋片10 heating air outlet 热空气出口12 exhaust manifold 排气歧管13 blower pulley 风扇皮带轮14 blower impeller 风扇叶轮15 v-belt V型皮带16 impeller blade 叶轮叶片十三、发动机润滑系Engine-lubrication system13.1 Pressure lubrication 压力润滑1 oil passage 油道2 oil filter tube 加油管3 oil filter cap 加油管盖4 bypass oil cleaner 分流式机油滤清器5 oil pressure sensor 油压传感器6 dipstick 油标尺7 oil drain hole 放油孔8 oil strainer 机油集滤器9 oil pressure relief valve 机油限压阀10 oil pump outlet pipe 机油泵出油管11 centrifugal oil cleaner 离心式机油滤清器12 gear chain lubrication jet 齿轮链条润滑喷孔13 gear chain lubrication passage 齿轮链条润滑油道14 main pressure oil passage 主油道13.2 Oil pump 机油泵1 oil pressure relief valve spring 限压阀弹簧2 oil pressure reliefvalve ball 限压阀钢球3 oil pump cover plate 机油泵盖板4 oil pump gear 机油泵齿轮5 oil pump body 机油泵壳体6 driving shaft pilot sleeve 驱动轴导套7 oil pump driving shaft 机油泵驱动轴8 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮9 oil inlet pipe 进油管10 lock washer 止锁垫圈11 oil suction pipe joint 进油管接头12 oil strainer cover 机油集滤器盖13 screen strainer 滤网14 oil strainer bottom 机油集滤器底版13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器1 handle 手柄3 filter shaft 滤清器轴4 filter cover 滤清器盖5 thrust plate 压板6 filtering disc 滤片7 distance disc 隔片8 filtering element bolt 滤清元件螺栓9 thrust washer 止推垫圈10 filter body 滤清器壳体11 drain plug 放油塞12 cleaning edges 滤清肋片13 cleaning edges spindle 滤清肋片芯轴14 filter cover base 滤清器支座15 pressure relief valve 限压阀16 filter cover bolt 滤清器盖螺栓17 cartridge 滤芯13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器1 radiator core 散热器芯子2 stiff pipe 硬管3 stiff pipe shackle 硬管夹架4 oil inlet hose 进油软管5 T-pipe T型管6 shut-off cock 旋塞开关7 connecting pipe 接头8 oil outlet host 出油软管十四、发动机点火系Engine-ignition system14.1 Ignition system 点火系1 battery 蓄电池2 ignition switch 点火开关3 coil 点火线圈4 engine camshaft 发动机凸轮轴5 distributor drive rotates 分电器驱动轴6 contact breaker 继电器触点7 capacitor 电容器8 rotor 转子9 distributor cap 分电器盖10 high tension lead 高压导线11 sparking plug 火花塞12 vehicle frame 车架14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池2 cell cover 电池盖3 battery negative terminal 蓄电池负极接头4 cell filler plug 电池加液盖5 battery positiveterminal 蓄电池正极接头6 cell connector 电池连接件7 negative plate 负极板8 separator 隔板9 positive plate 正极板10 sediment space 沉淀区11 cell separator 电池隔板14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈1 winding insulatinglayer 绕组绝缘涂层2 core insulating tube 铁芯绝缘管3 primary winding 初级线圈4 winding insulation 绕组绝缘层5 clamping ring 夹圈6 magnetic core 磁芯7 primary terminal 初级线圈接线柱8 high-tension leadterminal 高压导线接线柱9 ignition coil head 点火线圈盖10 insulating material 绝缘材料11 supplementary resistor 附加电阻12 magnetic shield 磁屏蔽13 high-tension winding 高压线圈14 core insulator 铁芯绝缘座15 coil case 线圈外壳14.4 Distributor 分电器1 ignition coil cable terminal 点火线圈导线接头2 spark plug cable terminal 火花塞导线接头3 distributor cap 分电器盖4 distributor cap innercontact 分电器盖内触点5 distributor rotor arm 分电臂6 contact arm 触点臂7 breaker fixed contact 断电器固定触点8 breaker spring 断电器弹簧9 breaker plate 断电器底版10 distributor shaft 分电器轴11 distributor case 分电器壳12 cap clamp spring 分电器盖弹簧夹13 manual spark-advanceselector 手动点火提前角选择器14 vacuum spark-advancecontrol 真空式点火提前角调节装置15 centrifugal spark-advance cont rol 离心式点火提前角调节装置16 breaker cam 断电器凸轮17 capacitor 容电器18 lubricating felt 润滑油毡19 carbon contact 碳触头20 contact point 触点21 terminal 接头14.5 Spark plug 火花塞1 spark plug terminal pin 火花塞电极销2 pin insulation 电极销绝缘体3 spark plug insulator 火花塞绝缘体4 spark plug body rim 火花塞壳体凸缘5 spark plug body hexagon 火花塞六角壳体6 spark plug body 火花塞壳体7 center electrode 中心电极8 spark plug thread 火花塞螺纹9 spark gap 火花间隔10 earth electrode 接地电极11 hot plug 热型火花塞12 normal spark plug 标准火花塞13 cold plug 冷型火花塞14 heat conductance way 导热途径14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火1 magnetic slug 磁铁芯2 magnetic sensor磁性传感器3 magnetic pluse generator（发电机、发生器）磁脉冲发生器4 electronic control unit 电子控制单元5 ignition coil 点火线圈6 vacuum sensor 真空传感器7 flywheel rim 飞轮齿圈8 ignition lock 点火开关9 high-tension distributor 高压分电器10 amplifier 放大器11 throttle valve switch 节气门开关12 reference angle switch 基准角开关13 rotational-speed sensor 转速传感器14 proximity sensor 非接触式传感器15 microprocessor 微处理机十五、发动机起动系Engine-starting system 15.1 Starting system 起动系1 starting switch 起动开关2 contact point 触点3 contact plate 接触盘4 magnetic coil 磁化线圈5 starting breaker 起动断电器6 magnetic core 铁芯。
新版轮机英语unit3_diesel_engine_construction
The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication （ 润 滑）, and, in later types（新 型）, has drillings for cooling
water at the uppermost part of
it.
by a cylinder cover, made of a special heat-resistant steel (耐热 钢).
The cover is mounted against a flat
surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located（定位） on the
turned( 机 加 工 的 ， 切 削 ) in the
liners.
In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.
somewhat down in the scavenging
air box, and sealing between the
liner and the top of the scavenging
air box is achieved by the rubber rings （ 橡 胶 圈 ） fitted into the slots （ 缝 ， 狭 槽 ） machine-
Lesson 3
Diesel Engine Construction
理解柴油机的主要固定件 理解柴油机的主要运动件 活塞的冷却
Lesson 3 Combustion Process in Diesel
Lesson 3 Combustion Process in Diesel Engine spontaneous ignition 自燃，自燃点火spontaneous ignition temperature 自燃温度，自燃点火温度heterogeneity n.不（非）均匀性,不同性质,复杂性,异种,异质gaseous mixture 气体混合物diffusion n.扩散, 传播, 漫射disintegrate v.使...分解(蜕变,雾化)spray 射流，喷雾distribute v.分发, 分配, 散布, 分布overlap vt. 重叠，并行，相交，交错homogeneous 均匀的,单一的,同种性commencement of injection 供油始点，喷油始点ignition delay 点火延迟combustion rate=rate of combustion 燃烧率in the absence of 在没有...的情况下,缺少(不在,缺席) uneventful adj. 无重大事件的, 平凡的, 平静无事的vaporize v. (使)蒸发，汽化physical delay 物理延迟(时)chemical delay 化学延迟(时)proceed v.发生，进行discernible adj.可辨别的additive adj.附加的, 加成的, 添加的；n.添加剂；adj.添加的,附加的,加法的heterogeneous adj.不同的，不均匀的stoichiometric 化学计算的stoichiometric mixture 化学计量混合物，理想配比混合气stoichiometric mixture ratio 理想配比混合比，化学计量混合比delay period 延迟周期，滞燃期，燃烧滞后期atm=atmosphere 大气=atmospheric pressure（标准）大气压力cetane number 十六烷值premixed combustion 预混燃烧accumulate v. 积聚, 堆积，积累burning mixture 可燃混合物，燃烧混合物diffusion combustion 扩散燃烧heat transfer rate 换热率，传热率，导热速度heat transfer by radiation 辐射传热smoke level 排烟浓度pre-chamber diesel engine 预燃式柴油机quiescent chamber 无漩涡室heat release rate 放热率quiescent combustion chamber 静气燃烧室Reference:1.Distribution of the fuel, mixing with air, evaporation and diffusion to produce a gaseous mixture and chemical reactions to burn the fuel all have to be accomplished in an extremely short period of time if the engine is to be efficient, thus an engine of 1000 rev/min would have about 10 ms for this sequence of events.2.Fuel on the periphery of a spray usually reaches ignition first and presumably ignition occurs in a region where a mixture near stoichiometric has been achieved. Formulae for ignition delay in CI engine have been obtained, usually on a semi-empirical basis, but differences in engines, in fuel properties, in uncertainties as to actual temperatures and pressures in the engine and wall temperature effects all contribute to make such a calculation rather approximate.3.This last stage, referred to as the tail of combustion, and the previous one, are both characterized by diffusion combustion, with production and combustion of carbon particles and a high rate of heat transfer by radiation.4.The physical and chemical processes proceed continuously from the start of injection. The effects vary because of differences in magnitude rather than of principle.Exercise1.Say whether the statements are true of false, when a statement is false,supply the correct answer.1)The combustion process in diesel engine is homogeneous.2)After injecting from nozzle into combustion chamber, the fuel has enough time for mixing, evaporation before combustion.3)As there has no pressure increase during the ignition delay. It is reasonable to think there is not any chemical reactions during this period.4) The premixed combustion is expected to produce more radiation and carbon.5)The combustion rate of premixed combustion is always higher than that of diffusion combustion.2.Translate the following expressions into English or Chinese.自燃；点火的物理延迟；供油始点；燃烧率；耗油量；传热率；理想配比混合气；十六烷值；预燃式柴油机；扩散燃烧；燃烧分析仪；均匀燃烧；滞燃期；imperfect combustion; subsidiary combustion chamber;quiescent combustion chamber; tail gas; heat transfer by radiation; knocking combustion; wear preventive additive。
U6L3救生艇(1)ppt课件
9
Warming-up
A lifeboat is a small, rigid or inflatable boat carried for
11
A. embarkation [ˌembɑ:'keɪʃn]登艇
B. start engine开启发动机 C. open stop unit打开限位器 D. test boat engine测试救生艇发动机 E. close bottom drain plug塞上艇底排水塞 F. open slip hook in lashing打开用于绑扎的速脱钩 G. remove all protective covers, un-plug battery charger移除所
12
Text
The lifeboats, 5.33m long with a beam of 2.49m, is constructed of glass-reinforced plastic and is totally enclosed [ɪnˈkləʊzd] and self-righting. The lifeboat is made in two sections: the canopy [ˈkænəpi] and the hull. Both sections are bolted [bəʊtɪd] together to form a watertight seal at the hull-to-canopy joint.
座位前后向布置在两侧及中心线上。船员面向彼此 就坐并系上安全带保护自己。
高级值班机工目录
高级值班机工业务目录第一篇机工业务第一章轮机工程第一节轮机安全值班第二节主推进动力装置的操作及运行管理第三节辅助机械的操作及运行管理第四节燃油的管理第五节其他设备的安全操作与管理第二章船舶电气第一节电气设备的安全使用和操作第二节触电的原因和预防触电应采取的措施第三章维护与修理第一节轮机日常维护修理工作程序和注意事项第二节油漆、润滑和清洁材料与设备的使用第三节表面清理技术第四节废料安全处置第五节液压工具、测量仪器的应用与维护第四章船舶作业管理与人员管理第一节船用物料管理第二节船舶防污染第三节船舶防污染技术与设备第四节轮机部安全作业注意事项第二篇动力设备操作与金工工艺第五章动力设备操作第一节轮机工程实操项目一机舱监视与报警系统的使用操作实操项目二发电柴油机故障应急操作实操项目三失电应急操作实操项目四船舶主柴油机备车、机动操纵与完车管理实操项目五船舶主柴油机定速后的运行管理实操项目六燃油加装时的操作与管理实操项目七燃油驳运时的操作与管理实操项目八舱底水系统的操作与运行管理实操项目九压载水系统的操作与运行管理实操项目十液压甲板机械的启动与停用实操项目十一液压系统的日常管理第二节电气、电子和控制工程实操项目十二发电机手动准同步并车、并联运行发电机组的负荷转移及分配、发电机组的解列第三节维护与修理实操项目十三通用工具实操项目十四专用工具实操项目十五量具第四节防污染设备实操项目十六油水分离器的操作与管理实操项目十七生活污水处理装置的操作和运行管理实操项目十八焚烧炉的操作和运行管理第六章金工工艺第一节车工工艺实操项目一卡盘、量具、刻度盘的使用以及刀具的磨制、车刀安装实操项目二车削台阶轴实操项目三车削锥体实操项目四车削螺纹柱第二节钳工工艺实操项目五钳工夹具、量具的使用实操项目六方块铁画线、钻孔、攻丝实操项目七方块铁錾切、锯割、锉削实操项目八螺栓拆卸与紧固实操项目九轴承的装卸实操项目十螺纹表面修复与断节螺栓的拆卸实操项目十一螺帽加工第三节电气焊工艺实操项目十二钢板平对接焊实操项目十三管子对接焊实操项目十四管板垂直角焊实操项目十五补焊实操项目十六钢板平对接焊实操项目十七管子对接焊实操项目十八气割附录1 MARPOL 73／78六个附则附录2 防污染法规参考文献高级值班机工英语目录Unit 1 Ship's Main Propulsion PlantLesson 1 A Brief Introduction to the Marine Diesel EnginesLesson 2 Diesel Engine ConstructionLesson 3 Main Diesel Engine Fuel Oil SystemLesson 4 Main Diesel Engine Lubricating SystemLesson 5 Main Diesel Engine Cooling Water SystemLesson 6 Main Diesel Engine Starting SystemUnit 2 Marine Auxiliary MachineryLesson 7 Marine BoilersLesson 8 Marine Pumps (A)Lesson 9 Marine Pollution Prevention EquipmentLesson 10 Oil SeparatorLesson 11 Deck Machinery (A)Unit 3 Marine Engineering ManagementLesson 12 Stand by Engine and Finished with EngineLesson 13 Safety Precaution on Working in Machinery SpaceLesson 14 Basic Knowledge of Fire and ExplosionLesson 15 Marine Emergency Arrangement and EquipmentLesson 16 BunkeringLesson 17 Lube Oil, Stores and Spare PartsUnit 4 International Conventions and RegulationsLesson 18 STCW Convention (A)Lesson 19 MARPOL Convention (A)Lesson 20 SOLAS Convention (A)Lesson 21 ISM Code (A)Lesson 22 ISPS Code (A)Lesson 23 ILO ConventionLesson 24 PSC Inspection (A)Unit 5 Watchkeeping and Engine Room LogbookLesson 25 Engine Room WatchkeepingLesson 26 Engine Room LogbookKey to ExercisesReferences高级值班机工英语听力与会话目录Unit 1 Daily EnglishLesson 1 Daily EnglishPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 2 Common terms on boardPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 2 Daily Engine Room BusinessLesson 3 Main Engine System OperationPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 4 Auxiliary Machinery Operation(I)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 5 Auxiliary Machinery Operation(II)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 6 Auxiliary Machinery Operation(III)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 3 Communication with BridgeLesson 7 Stand by EnginePart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 4 EmergenciesLesson 8 Emergency Situation(I)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsLesson 9 Emergency Situation(II)Part I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 5 BunkeringLesson 10 BunkeringPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 6 PSC InspectionLesson 11 Port State Control InspectionPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 7 ISM/ISPS InspectionLesson 12 ISM/ISPS InspectionPart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsUnit 8 Engine Room MaintenanceLesson 13 Engine Room MaintenancePart I Warm-up ActivitiesPart II Listening SkillsPart III Speaking SkillsKey to ExercisesAppendixReferences（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
Lesson3_Diesel_Engine_Construction
Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction （１）The BedplateThe bedplate (Fig.7a) is the foundation on which the 2-stroke engine is built. It must be rigid enough to support the weight of the rest of the engine, and maintain the crankshaft, which sits in the bearing housings in the transverse girders, in alignment. At the same time it must be flexible enough to hog and sag with the foundation plate to which it is attached and which forms part of the ship’s structure.If the bedplate was too rigid, then as the hull flexed, the holding down bolts, which secure the engine into the ship would be likely to break, and there would be a danger of the bedplate cracking.Basically the bedplate consists of two longitudinal girders, which run the length of the engine. Connecting these longitudinal girders are the transverse girders, which are positioned between each crankshaft throw, and either side of the thrust collar. Built into the transverse girders are the main bearing pockets for the crankshaft to run in.(1)(a) (b)Fig.7The A-FramesThe A -Frames (Fig. 7b) carry the crosshead guides and support the engine entablature (the cylinder block). On large engines, the A-frames are individually erected on the bedplate directly above the transverse girders. When boxed in with plating they form the crankcase. The trend nowadays is to build the frame box as a separate fabricated construction and then, after stress relieving and machining the mating surfaces, to mount it on the bedplate. This has the advantage of saving weight.(2)When the frames are aligned on the bed-plate they are secured together by drilling and reaming and using fitted bolts.The tie rodsTo hold the bed-plate, frames and entablature firmly together in compression, and to transmit the firing forces back to the bedplate, long tie bolts ( Fig. 8a) are fitted through these three components and then tightened hydraulically. To prevent excessive bending moments in the transverse girders, the tie bolts are positioned as close to the center of the crankshaft as possible. Because the tie bolts are so close to the crankshaft, some engines employ jack bolts to hold the crankshaft main bearing cap in position instead of conventional studs and nuts.(3)(a) (b)Fig. 8The crankshaftThe crankshafts on the large modern 2-stroke crosshead engines can weigh over 300 tons. They are too big to make as a single unit and so are constructed by joining together individual forgings.(4)On older engines the so-called fully built method was used. This consisted of forging separate webs, crankpins and main journals. The crankpins and journals were machined and matching holes bored in the webs, which were slightly smaller in diameter. The webs were heated up and the crankpins and journals fitted into the holes (which due to the heat had expanded in size). As the webs cooled down, so the diameter of the bored holes would try and shrink back to their original size. In doing so, the crankpins and journals would be gripped tightly enough to stop them being able to slip when the engine was being operated normally.Today, crankshafts for large 2-stroke crosshead engines are of the semi built type. In this method of construction the crankshaft "throws" consisting of two webs and the crankpin are made from a single forging of a 0.4% carbon steel. The webs are bored to take the separately forged and machined main journals which are fitted into the webs using the shrink fitting method described above. The shrink fit allowance is between 1/570 and 1/660 of the diameter. The advantages of this method of construction is that by making the two webs and crankpin from a single forging the grain flow in the steel follows the web round into the crankpin and back down the other web.(5)The connecting rodThe Connecting Rod (Fig.8b) is fitted between the crosshead and the crankshaft. It transmits the firing force, and together with the crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion to a rotary motion.(6)Connecting Rods on the later engines are produced as a single drop forging incorporating the top half of the crankpin bearing housing and the bottom half of the solid crosshead pin bearing housing. On older engines the bearings were white metal thick wall bearings, scraped to fit. Clearances were adjusted by inserting or removing shims between the bearing halves. Modern bearings are of the "thin-wall" type, where a thin layer of white metal or a tin aluminum alloy is bonded to a steel shell backing.(7)New Words and Expressionsfoundation n. 基础rigid adj.坚固的transverse adj.横向的girder n.梁flexible adj. 柔性的hog v.使拱曲，上拱sag v.下沉，下陷flex v. 弯曲并伸展holding down bolts底脚螺栓，地脚螺栓longitudinal adj.纵向的thrust collar 推力环individually adv.独立地erect v. 建立，竖立fabricated adj. 锻造的ream v.铰孔jack bolts撑杆螺栓grip v.紧握，抓紧Notes to the text1.Built into the transverse girders are the main bearing pockets for the crankshaft to run in.制造在横梁上的是主轴承座，供曲轴转动。
大学英语Lesson 3 Engine Constructions
• The most popular of them are shown on the above. In-line engines have their cylinders arranged in a row. The "V" arrangement uses two banks of cylinders side-by-side and is commonly used in V-6, V-8, V-10 and V12 configurations. Flat engines use two opposing banks of cylinders and are less common than the other two designs. Flat engines are also used in some Ferraris with 12 cylinders.
• Power The spark plug fires, igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture which produces a powerful expansion of the vapor. The combustion process pushes the piston down the cylinder with great force turning the crankshaft to provide the power to propel the vehicle.
• A cylinder head is bolted to the top of each bank of cylinders to seal the individual cylinders and contain the combustion process that takes place inside the cylinder. Most cylinder heads are made of cast aluminum or cast iron. The cylinder head contains at least one intake valve and one exhaust valve for each cylinder.
轮机英语翻译课文
LESSON 1Diesel enginesThe majority of ships around the world continue to be powered exclusively by diesel engines.世界范围内大多数船舶都是采用柴油机作为动力。
The predominance of diesel engines has come from improved engine efficiencies and designs compared to other forms of propulsion such as steam or gas turbines.与蒸汽机、燃气轮机等形式的动力装置相比，无论是效率上的提高，还是设计上的进步，柴油机都体现出了一定的优势。
Many combinations and configurations of diesel engine power plant exist. All provide the energy to do the work of moving the ship using diesel engines.存在有很多种联合形式及结构形式的柴油机动力装置，他们都能够利用柴油机为船舶提供推动力。
Slow speed diesel engines 低速柴油机Slow speed diesel engines are large, especially tall, and heavy and operate on the two-stroke cycle.低速柴油机是体积较大、缸体较长、机身较重的二冲程柴油机。
These are the largest diesel engines ever built. Engine powers up to 100 000kw are available from a single engine.它们是已建造过的最大型的柴油机，它们的单机可用功率可达100000 kw。
发动机专业英语
三
、
Engine operation principle
Hale Waihona Puke 发动机工作原理发动机
3.1. Four-stroke gasoline engine o peration principle 四冲程汽油机 工作原理 1. intake stroke 进气行程 2. compression stroke 压缩行程 3. expansion stroke 膨胀行程 4. exhaust stroke 排气行程 5. combustible mixture 可 燃混合 气 6. intake valve 进气门 7. spark plug 火花塞 8. exhaust valve 排气门 9. exhaust gas 废气 3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine oper ational principle 四冲程柴油机工 作原理 1. intake stroke 进气行程
ell 连杆轴瓦 13. connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓 14. connecting rod cap 连 杆 大 头 盖 15. Connecting rod end 连杆大头 5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲 轴 飞 轮组 1. crankshaft front end 曲轴前端 2. front main journal 前主轴颈 3. oil passage hole 机油孔 4. crank pin 曲柄销 5. crank web 曲柄臂 6 counterweight 平衡重 7 crankshaft collar 曲 轴 后 端 凸 缘 8 flywheel 飞轮 9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈 10 flywheel lock plate 飞轮锁片 11 clutch shaft bearing 离 合 器 轴 轴承 12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lo wer) 主轴承（上、下）轴瓦 13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲 轴 止推片 14 bearing tang 轴瓦定位凸键
轮机英语课文
LESSON 3DIESEL ENGINE CONSTRUCTION IPistons and Piston RodsA piston consists of a lower part--piston skirt of cast iron--and a upper part or crown made of a special heat-resistant steel. They are bolted together and fixed to the piston rod. The position of the piston parts in relation to each other is secured by means of machine-turned recesses and a dowel pin in the crown. Each piston is provided with five or six piston rings fitted in chromium plated grooves in the crown. The two or three topmost rings are narrow rings having diagonal cuts, while the next two are broad and are provided with overlapping end joints. The lowest ring is an oil distributor ring. All the rings are slightly rounded on the external top and bottom edges to keep the oil film on the cylinder liner during the running-in period for new piston rings.In order to control thermal stresses, thin-wall intensively cooled pistons are used for some types of modern engines. In this case, the piston has an internal insert in the piston crown, which serves only to direct the cooling liquid flow and, thereby, to intensify the conventional 'cocktail shaker' effect.The piston rods are bored from the top flange to a point opposite the centre of the crosshead. Through this bore, a long pipe is inserted which goes nearly to the bottom of the bore. The outside diameter of the pipe is less than the diameter of the bore, the result being that an annular space is formed between the piston rod and the pipe.The lower end of the piston rod is reduced in diameter to fit a bore in the crosshead, this being secured to the piston rod by a nut. The piston rods are provided with dowel pins to ensure the correct assembly of the components.On each of the two journals of the crosshead, crosshead shoes are mounted which are guided in the built-in crosshead guides of the engine frame. The position of the crosshead shoes on the crosshead is determined by dowel pins. The guide shoes are secured to the crosshead by means of tap-bolts.The crosshead shoes are white metal lined, grooves being cut horizontally in the face of the white metal to ensure an adequate supply of lubricating oil.The crosshead is short and rigid and the bearings are so constructed that the bearing pressure between the journal and bearing is distributed evenly over the entire length of the bearing. In order to improve the working conditions of the bearings, the bearing pressure is made smaller and the peripheral speed higher in later designs.The pistons are cooled by oil supplied from the forced lubricating system. The cooling oil is admitted through the pipe, from which the oil is led to the cooling spaces of the piston through telescopic pipes or articulated pipes and round the internal pipes of the piston rods. The cooling oil is conducted from the pistons through the internal pipes of the piston rods and ducts in the crossheads, as well as the slotted pipes from which the oil is led to ‘control boxes’with sight glasses on the engine.Sealing between the crankcase and scavenging air boxes is achieved by means of the piston rod stuffing boxes, located in the bottom of the scavenging air boxes. Each stuffing box is provided with two sealing rings and three scraper rings. The sealing rings, which are mounteduppermost, are in four parts and pressed together around the piston rods by means of coil springs.Connecting Rod and Main BearingsThe crosshead and crankpin bearings are made of cast steel and each consist of an upper and lower part secured to the connecting rod by means of fitting bolts, the nuts of which are secured. Compression shims are provided between the bottom end bearing and the palm of the connecting rod.The bearings have white metal bearing surfaces provided with lubrication grooves for the necessary supply of lubricating and cooling oil. Shims of different thicknesses are inserted between the shells to enable adjustment of the bearing clearances (approx. 0.20-0.30 mm).The main bearings, which support the crankshaft, each consist of two shells of cast steel with white metal bearing surfaces having lubricating grooves of an appropriate shape. The shells are secured by means of bearing caps and studs, the necessary clearance (approx. 0.30 mm) being provided by means of shims of different thicknesses.All bearings are lubricated from the force-feed lubrication system of the engine, the oil bearing supplied partly through pipes to each main bearing cap and partly to the crosshead, from where the lubricating oil flows through channels to the crankpin bearings.CrankshaftThe crankshafts are built up types. For the semi-built type, the forged main bearing journals are shrunk into cast steel crank throws with a crank journal and two crank throws as one unit. In the fully built type, the crank throws are shrunk on to main journals and crank journals. The crank throws are displaced from each other to obtain the same number of degrees between the different crank throws. The crankpin journals are provided with large bores for balancing purpose.READING MATERIALA.MAN MARINE DIESEL ENGINEThe latest large bore two stroke MAN engine is the KSZ 90/160B series in cylinder number from 6 to 12 and developing 2,700 kW (3,672 HP) /cyl. The engine operates at 122 r/min, with an M.E.P. of 13 bar and a mean piston speed of 6. 5 m/s.The bedplate is of fabricated design and consists of two I-shaped longitudinal girders with transverse members into which the cast steel bearing housings are welded. The thrust bearing casting is incorporated into the bedplate.Columns have been replaced by frames constructed of box shaped longitudinal girders. The fabricated top and bottom sections run the full length of the engine and are mounted on the bedplate. Such an engine frame helps to stiffen the engine, and so protect the bearings from the deformation forces transmitted via the ship's double bottom. The cast iron guide ways for the crosshead are attached to the top section and seal off the crankcase.The cylinder jackets are individual castings bolted together to form one continuous member. The one piece cylinder liners are fitted into the jackets from the top and cast steel strong back is fitted in way of the combustion space to help absorb gas forces. The scavenge process isthe MAN loop system and the scavenge and exhaust ports are arranged in two tiers and are carried far around the liner. The vertical lands between the ports are cooled by water passing through cast in tubes and hence to passages arranged around the liner above the exhaust ports.Each cylinder cover is in two parts, the lower section is of special thin walled forged steel permitting the area in way of the combustion gases to be intensively cooled whilst absorbing thermal stresses and this is held in position by an upper supporting unit of cast iron, which transmits the gas forces to the cylinder jackets via long studs. The joint face between the cylinder cover and the liner is arranged as far away from the combustion process as possible. The gas leads on the engine structure are constrained by means of hydraulic preloaded tie rods which connect the bedplate, frame sections and cylinder jackets into a single unit.The crankshaft is of the semi built type, with the journal being shrunk into the forged or cast steel crank throws. With the exception of the six-cylinder engine, it is in two parts joined by fitted bolts. The coupling flange for attachment to the propeller shaft also accommodates the turning gear and is integrally forged with the crankshaft. The aft end section also incorporates a thrust collar. The drive for the camshaft gear train is taken from a spur gear which for a six cylinder engine is at the coupling end and for 7 to 12 cylinder engines the drive is located in the middle of the engine.The piston crown is of forged steel and is designed for intensive cooling; the central supporting body is of cast steel and is mainly subjected to compressive stress. The two components are bolted together and connected to the piston rod. A single piece piston skirt fitted with bronze rings guides the piston in the cylinder liner. The piston ring grooves for a standard engine are flame hardened against wear.The crosshead pin bearings are white metal lined shells lubricated by means of high-pressure pumps. The piston forces are transmitted over the entire length of the crosshead pin then to the connecting rod via the lower half single bearing shell. The principle of hydrostatic lubrication has been applied to the crosshead using high-pressure lubricators. This is achieved by means of high pressure pumps with two plungers and rods operated by the oscillating movement of the connoting rod, high pressure oil is delivered to the lower part of the crosshead bearing, the pumps press oil into the bearing gap when the load on the shell is at its lowest. This ensures that the oil film is maintained at all times and on all loads between the journal and the shell.Scavenging of the cylinder liner is on the loop scavenge system and constant pressure of the exhaust gas is used to drive the turbochargers. During running up and in the lower partial load range the turbochargers are assisted by electrically driven auxiliary blowers connected before the compressors of the main blowers. In the upper power range the auxiliary blowers are disconnected. Diffusers are fitted in the exhaust system and facilitate charge removal and scavenging in each cylinder. The diffuser also prevents pressure pulses from one cylinder interfering with another during operation.B.MAN-B&W MC ENGINEMAN-B & W K 90 MC-C engine is a large crosshead type two-stroke engine with a bore of 900 mm, a 2,300 mm stroke and an operating speed of 104 r/min. It is constructed withbetween six and twelve cylinders.Developed as one of the extensive range of the manufacturer's MC engines, it is of the power and speed best suited to large, fast container ships. The increase in running speed is obtained by a slight decrease in engine stroke. High thermal efficiency is maintained by an increase in mean effective pressure (M.E.P.).Construction can be considered generally as typical for the whole range. The engine bedplate is of rigid box form, fabricated from steel plates with main bearing supports of cast steel. Welded ’A’ frames are assembled into a frame box which contains the crankcase, the crosshead guides and also supports the wheels for the chain drive of the camshaft. A cast iron cylinder frame accommodates the scavenge space between the cylinder jacket and the diaphragm, both of which are water-cooled. Long pre-stressed tie bolts are fitted between the top of the frame and the underside of the bedplate girders.The cylinder liner is of alloy cast iron, its upper flange lands on top of the frame and has bore cooling. It is secured by a forged steel cylinder cover which is also bore cooled and is shaped internally to accommodate most of the combustion space. Cylinder lubricating oil is injected at one level in the liner. Pistons have a chrome-molybdenum alloy steel crown with hard chrome-surfaced ring grooves in which four compression rings are fitted. In this particular model a protective layer of Inconel is welded to part of the crown surface to prevent high temperature corrosion. The piston is oil cooled, oil being supplied by a telescopic gland to the crosshead and then through the piston rod. It is returned from the crosshead to a slotted pipe in the crankcase. A short cast iron skirt is added. The crown is bolted to the piston rod at an inner support ring.Surface hardening reduces wear on the piston rod at the diaphragm gland. The rod is bolted at the top of a cylindrical crosshead which is of large diameter and incorporates a full length bottom half bearing shell. Floating guide shoes are attached at each end.The crankshaft may he either semi-built up or of welded construction, with large journals and pins. All crankcase bearings are of white metal. Main bearings have thick shells, crankpin (bottom end) and crosshead (top end) bearing have thin-wall shells. White metal is used for the guide surfaces. The exhaust valves are operated hydraulically under oil pressure from cam-timed actuated pistons. They have air compressed springs which allows them to be rotated by vanes. The valve spindles are usually manufactured by the hot isostatic pressure (HIP) method, a compound Nimonic and austenitic steel part construction. Valve housing is cooled at its seat and spindle guide bush but its upper duct is uncooled to avoid low temperature corrosion.Fuel pumps are cam driven and timed by the plunger helix. An adjustable barrel allows variable ignition timing to maintain combustion efficiency at low speed and can be adjusted to match the ignition quality of fuels. Pump timing is changed for astern operation by a link connected at the cam roller guide which is activated by compressed air. Each pump supplies three identical fuel injectors for the corresponding unit. Injectors are uncooled but they circulate hot fuel oil directly while their needle valves are in the closed position.The engine operates with a constant pressure system, with uncooled turbochargers. Two auxiliary blowers are fitted to operate at low charge air pressure or at low engine revolutions. A number of waste heat recovery and power take-off systems can be operated under running conditions.C. VIBRATION DAMPERThe vibration damper serves to reduce the torsional vibration generated by the crankshaft. The damper consists of a housing and a free rotating inertia ring supported by an axial bearing. It forms a totally enclosed unit. The free space between inertia ring and damper housing is filled with a high viscous fluid. When the crankshaft rotates at constant speed, the inertia ring will follow this movement. The combustion pressure exerted on each piston generates vibration in the crankshaft, and each variation generated by such a vibration will affect the movement of the inertia ring. The resulting shift of the ring to the damper housing is opposed by the viscous fluid and the vibration will be reduced.The energy, absorbed during the process, is converted into heat and then radiated to the surrounding air. Hence, proper ventilation of the damper is essential.MaintenanceThe viscous damper fluid is during engine operation subjected to ageing and the fluid becomes more viscous. In sending fluid samples on a regular base to the damper manufacturer the rate in increase of the viscosity can be determined. In the analysis the quality of the fluid is mentioned and a forecast of the number of running hours still to go is given. A sampling interval time is 6,000 hours advised. Dampers with a too high fluid viscosity may cause crankshaft breakdown.The damper cover has two filling holes located 180o opposite each other and closed by screw-in filler plugs. If one of these plugs is accessible, a fluid sample container can be screwed in and a sample taken with the damper in place. On a spare damper, sampling must be effected with the damper in the vertical position. For liquid sampling, a special kit can be ordered from Stork-Wartsila Diesel.。
高一英语上学期unit3
大学汽车专业英语
The head is essentially a flat plate of metal bolted to the top of the cylinder block with a gasket in between. See figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4a Cylinder head(from side)
magnesium [mæg'ni:zjəm] n. 镁 surface ['sə:fis] n. 表面，平面 表面， precision [pri'si ən] a. 精确的 mate [meit] v. 使……配对，使……一致 配对， 配对 一致 bolte [bEult] v. 用螺栓连接，用螺栓固定 用螺栓连接， gasket ['gæskit] n. 衬垫，垫圈 衬垫， lobe [ləub] n. 圆突，凸起出部 圆突， withstand [wið'stænd] v. 经得起 device [di'vais] n. 装置，设备 装置， ignite [ig'nait] v. 点燃，使燃烧 点燃， insulated ['insjuleitid] a. 绝缘的 electrode [i'lektrəud] n. 电极 ignition [ig'niʃən] n. 点火，着火 点火， ʃ voltage ['vəultidV] n. 电压 volt [vɔlt] n. 伏特 ɔ
Phrases and Expressions
internal combustion engine 内燃机 consists of 由……组成 组成 cylinder block 汽缸体 cylinder head 汽缸盖 spark plug 火花塞 piston ring 活塞环 oil pan 油底壳 valve spring 气门弹簧 overhead cam engine 顶置凸轮轴发动机 flat plate 平板
轮机英语lesson-3
ship. 底座形成船舶双层底的一部分。
5． liner n. 内衬，衬套 cylinder liner 缸套，缸衬
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23. component n. 成分，组成，部件 = part 24. horizontally adv. 水平地 vertically adv.
垂直地 25. duct n. 粗而短的管子， 比较pipe 管道,
tube 试管 and hose 软管 26. shim n. 垫片 shims of different thicknesses
有重叠搭口的宽环 47. during the running-in period 在磨合期间
China Maritime Police Academy
48. thermal stress 热应力 49. to direct the cooling liquid flow 引导冷却
液流 50. to intensify the conventional ‘cocktail
It is secured ( 固 定 ) in the transverse( 横 向 的 ) direction by
means of bolts known as side-chock bolts ( 侧 楔 螺 栓 ) and in longitudinal( 纵 向 的 ) direction by means of end-chock bolt (端楔螺栓).
top 外部顶端成圆角 21. annular a. 环形的 to form an annular space 形成一
轮机英语各章节考点试题
1船舶主推进装置（19-20’）1.1船舶动力装置概述1.1.1船舶动力装置的组成和类型及对船舶动力装置的要求1. Each type of engine has its application on board ship. The ____ main propulsion diesel engine operates on the two-stroke cycle.A. low speedB. medium speedC. high speedD. steam speed1.2 船舶柴油机1.2.1 船舶柴油机的基本特性2. The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil indicates its ____.A. viscosityB. acid contentC. heating valueD. ignition quality3. The operation between two fuel injections is called a ____.A. turning cycleB. working cycleC. working hourD. working stroke1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构4. The greatest turbulence in a diesel engine cylinder is created by the ____.A. shape of the combustion chamberB. fuel injection spray patternC. cylinder swept volumeD. degree of penetration of the fuel oil droplets5. Because the tie bolts are so close to the crankshaft, some engines employ____ to hold the crankshaft main bearing cap in position instead of conventional studs and nuts.A. through boltsB. jack boltsC. tap boltsD. fitted bolts6. ____for attachment to the propeller shaft also accommodates the turning gear and is integrally forged the crankshaft.A. The coupling flangeB. The camshaftC. The crosshead pinD. The cylinder jackets7. Which of the two events listed occurs simultaneously in a two-stroke \cycle diesel engine?A. Exhaust and scavengingB. Scavenging and compressionC. Ignition and expansionD. Exhaust and compression8. The rotary motion of a diesel engine piston crankshaft is obtained from the up and down motion of the piston via the _____.A. camshaftB. reduction gearsC. rocker armD. connecting or piston rod9. Combustion gases formed in the cylinder of a diesel engine are prevented from blowing past the piston by___.A. cylinder valveB. compression ringsC. piston skirtsD. oil rings10. On a large diesel engine installation, crankshaft axial alignment is maintained by the____.A. piston rod guidesB. engine thrust bearingC. crosshead bearingD. main shaft flexible coupling11. In a two-stroke cycle diesel engine, the process of scavenging begins as the ____.A. piston nears and passes TDCB. latter part of down strokeC. piston passes BDCD. early part of the down stroke1.2.3 船舶柴油机的工作系统、操纵系统和控制系统12._____controls the fuel oil temperature in order to provide oil at the correct viscosity for combustion.A. The pressure switchB. The temperature controllerC. The flow meterD. The viscosity regulator13. A___ ensures a constant pressure at the fuel line.A. transfer pumpB. control air bottleC. pressure regulating valveD. non returning valve14. Oil control rings used in two-stroke cycle diesel engines are located near the bottom of the pistonskirt in order to____.A. increase the liner area covered by the oil filmB. maintain an oil film on the lower liner where scuffing is prevalentC. keep excess oil away from intake and export portsD. help cushion piston skirt side thrust by providing a hydrodynamic oil wedge15. Under normal conditions, the main source of crankcase oil contamination is attributed to____. A. metal particles loosened by wear B. air when air cleaners are not usedC. condensation of water vaporsD. breakdown of the lubricating oil by dilution16. The most common cause of lowering the crankcase lube oil flash point is____.A. with a higher pressureB. at a lower pressureC. no more pressureD. in a greater pressure17. In a diesel engine closed freshwater cooling system, the amount of coolant flowing through the heat exchanger is controlled by the____.A. suction pressure regulatorB. thermostatic bypass valveC. sea water temperatureD. water level in the expansion valve18. V ents are led from the engine to ___ for the release of air from the cooling water.A. the cooling jacketsB. the head tankC. the cooling water pumpD. the scavenging box19. On opposite ends of a single shaft of a turbocharger are a gas driven____ and a air compressor, which are sealed each other.A. charge air receiverB. scavenging air beltC. turbineD. air cooler20. The supercharger takes air out of the surrounding atmosphere and then feeds it to the engine’s____.A. inlet valvesB. exhaust valvesC. emergency valvesD. non-return valves21. Each cylinder has one starting valve which is usually opened by air pressure and closed by___.A. nuts and boltsB. new jointsC. spring forceD. sealing rings22. When ____ is operated, a supply of pilot air enables the remote valve to open.A. the distributorB. the air start leverC. the turning gearD. the cylinder air start valve23. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage is known is ____.A. torque limiterB. over-speed tripC. over-speed governorD. load limit governor24. When the rev/min increases, the governor weights move___, causing subsequent motions.A. inwardsB. out wardsC. upwardsD. downwards25. The purpose of an after-cooler is to___.A. reduce the turbocharger operating temperatureB. increase the pressure of the inlet airC. increase the density of the inlet airD. reduce the blower operating temperature1.2.3船舶运行中柴油机的管理26. Thermocouple pyrometers are used on large, main propulsion diesel engines to indicate the temperature of the_____.A. cooling water leaving each cylinderB. fuel oil entering the injectorC. exhaust gases at various locationsD. lube oil at the bearing supplies27. A diesel engine crankcase ventilation system____.A. prevent spark generationB. removes combustible gasesC. determines the level of combustible gasesD. provides inert gas generation in crankcase1.3船舶推进装置1.3.1 船舶推进装置的传动方式28.____ is used to prevent the entry of sea water to the machinery space.A. A special sealing glandB. PropellerC. TailshaftD. Sterntube bearing2船舶辅助机械（30’）2.1 船用锅炉2.1.1 船用锅炉的类型29. In a ___ boiler the water flows through the inside of the tubes while the hot gases pass around the outside.A. water-tubeB. fire-tubeC. exhaust gasD. none of the above2.1.2 船用锅炉的结构特点30. Soot blowers should be used in proper sequence so that____.A. excess stresses will not be set up in the boilerB. the decks will not be covered with sootC. the soot will be swept toward the uptakesD. there will not be a loss of steam pressure2.1.3 船用锅炉的运行管理31. The boiler feed pump discharge pressure is higher than the steam drum pressure to___.A. ensure feed water flow into the boilerB. keep the steam drum pressure highC. prevent the water hammer in the feed lineD. help the feed water flash to steam2.1.4 船用锅炉的故障分析和排除32. A feed pump for an auxiliary boiler might lose suction if the ____.A. boiler water level is lowB. feedwater is too hotC. boiler steam demand is lowD. feedwater is too cold33. Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can from a(an)___.A. incorrect electrode settingB. incorrect nozzle positionC. clogged fuel nozzleD. broken high tension lead2.2 船用泵2.1.1 船用泵的类型34. A vane pump belongs to ____ according to its working principle.A. reciprocating pumpB. positive displacement pumpC. centrifugal pumpD. centripetal pump2.1.2 常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点35. The amount of fluid delivered by a gear pump can be regulated by_____.A. throttling the pressure lineB. changing the speed of the rotorC. Either A or BD. None of the above is true2.2.3 船舶通用泵系的布置原则和特点36. Which of the valve \s listed will be cycled from the fully open to fully close when the handle is turned 90 degree?A. A rising stem gate valveB. A globe stop valveC. A check valveD. A butterfly valve2.2.4 常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除37. A spur gear pump should be operated with the discharge valve____.A. slightly openedB. throttledC. fully openedD. halfway opened38. Pitting in the suction areas of a centrifugal pump bronze impeller is usually caused by___.A. cavitationB. electrolysisC. abrasionD. corrosion2.3 船舶制冷和空调装置2.3.1 制冷原理和制冷循环39. Refrigerant entering the compressor of a refrigeration system should be in which of the following conditions?A. Sub-cooled liquidB. Sub-cooled vaporC. Superheated vaporD. Liquid2.3.2 船用空调系统的组成及主要设备40. The process of removing moisture from air is known as___.A. humidificationB. dehumidificationC. vaporizationD. evaporation2.3.3 船舶空调装置运行管理41. As the amount of moisture in the air increases, the difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb temperature will ____.A. increaseB. decreaseC. remain unchangedD. be greatest at dew point2.4 船舶防污染设备2.4.1 油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理42. Oily water separators are used to ensure that ships don’t discharge oil when pumping out____.A. ballast waterB. boiler waterC. bilge waterD. sewage water43. Where an excessive level of contamination is detected an alarm is sounded and diverting valves are operated. The discharging liquid is then passed to____.A. overboardB. a bilge wellC. a slop tankD. a hot well2.4.2 焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理44. Which of the following would not be burnt in an incinerator on board?A. waste oilB. waste clothesC. oil ragsD. waste food45. The solid waste was charged into the incinerator through_____.A. the solid waste dump chuteB. an access doorC. the same way for waste oil burnersD. a charging opening2.4.3 生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理46. When anaerobic bacteria convert the sewage to an inert sludge, ____.A. no oxygen is neededB. oxygen is necessaryC. oxygen is given offD. no gas is produced2.5 分油机、空压机和海水淡化装置2.5.1 分油机的工作原理及运行管理47. For a purifier, changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the _____.A. bowel peripheryB. bowel centerC. upper surfaceD. lower surface48. When finish working on the separator you should ____ firstly.A. cut off the powerB. cut off the oil inletC. open guide water valveD. close oil outlet valve49. Sediment collects in a tubular purifier____.A. on the top coverB. on the discsC. in drain line on the discD. on sides of bowl2.5.2 空压机的原理及运行管理50. Compressed air is supplied by air compressors to____.A. the air receiversB. the starting valvesC. the cylinder coversD. the distributors2.5.3 海水淡化原理51. The advantages of flash type evaporators, as compared to submerged tube type evaporators, include_____.A. less internal corrosion because of lower brine densityB. higher temperature evaporation for lower salinity of the distillate producedC. less scale formation in a flash evaporatorD. less feed-water required for a flash evaporator52. A salinity indictor is used to determine the ____.A. cause of salt contaminationB. location of salt water contaminationC. chemical makeup of feed-waterD. level of alkalinity in condensate2.6 船舶甲板机械2.6.1 液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的机构特点53. _____ can be used to prevent hydraulic system overload or keep the pressure of oil outlet from pump constant.A. Overflow valveB. Reducing valveC. Balancing valveD. Reducing valve or balancing valve54. Among the basic categories of equipment, which of the following is used to convert hydraulic energy into continuous rotary motion?A. Hydraulic pumpB. V alveC. Hydraulic cylinderD. Hydraulic motor2.6.2 起货机的机构特点及其故障分析和排除55. The oil in a cargo winch gear box should be sampled periodically to____.A. prevent the gear box from leakingB. prevent the oil from becoming inflammableC. make sure it has not become contaminatedD. make sure the motor bearings are lubricated2.6.3 锚机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除56.____are used to handle anchors and chains.A. Cargo winchesB. Mooring winchesC. WindlassD. Cargo hatches2.6.4 绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除57. Winch gears must be maintained in proper alignment to prevent____.A. overheating of the lube oilB. over speeding of the motorC. wear on the braking systemD. damage to the teeth2.6.5 液压系统的管理58. Before doing any work on the hydraulic system equipped with accumulators, you should____.A. drain any accumulators and purge with oxygenB. bleed off all stored energy from the accumulators completelyC. charge the accumulators to prevent the system energy lossD. pump the hydraulic fluid into the accumulators to prevent fluid loss.59. Hydraulic machinery failures are commonly caused by contamination of the hydraulic fluid and___.A. fluid frictionB. fluid turbulenceC. component misalignmentD. pressure surges3 船舶电气(12’)3.1 船用发电机3.1.1 船用发电机结构特点60. In an alternating current electrical system, a low system power factor is a direct sign of ____.A. wasted energyB. efficiency operationC. a short in the exciter field windingsD. an excessive number of minor system grounds61. With a purely ____ load the voltage and current are in phase, giving a power factor of one.A. inductiveB. resistanceC. combinedD. capacitate3.1.2 船用发电机的并车和解列62. If two A.C. generators are to be operated in parallel, the load is distributed evenly by ____.A. means of rheostatB. a balance coilC. adjusting the governor settingsD. changing excitation63. The operation of ___ two alternators requires the voltages to be equal and also in phase.A. parallelingB. series-mountingC. runningD. control3.1.3 船用发电机的故障分析和排除64. Accidental grounds in a shipboard electrical system must be repaired as soon as possible as they will___.A. result in immediate power outagesB. damage circuit breakerC. appear on the ground detection systemD. damage insulation and may cause outages3.2 船用配电板的分类及组成、应急配电板、配电箱65. ____ is not a part of the main switchboard on board.A. BusbarB. Load panel of main generatorC. Paralleling panelD. Shore connecting box66. Usually, emergency electricity supplies to____ on board.A. cargo winchesB. windlassC. steering gearD. main air compressor67. Shore power must be ___ during dock repair.A. disconnectedB. switched offC. cut offD. connected3.3 船舶电气设备3.1.1 船舶电气设备概况68. An ohmmeter can be used to measure____.A. current flow in a circuitB. voltage between two points in a circuitC. circuit continuityD. power3.2.2 电气控制设备69.Electrical circuits are protected against overheating by means of a(an)____.A. circuit breakerB. amplifierC. diodeD. capacitor3.2.3 电气设备的运行管理70.Sparking at the brushes of a running motor could be an indication of ___.A. normal operationB. dirty commutatorC. increased brush capacityD. water vapor absorption71. All of the following operating characteristics are listed on the name plates of the motors used on board ship except the ___.A. temperature riseB. horsepowerC. input kilowattsD. operating voltage4 船舶轮机管理4.1操作规程4.1.1 备车72. One hour before sailing, the duty engineer and officer should check____.A. tachometer and engine telegraphB. oil and water reservesC. clock and engine telegraph and test the rudderD. crews4.1.2 巡回检查73. Which of the following item is the cause to the damage of parts and excess wearing?A. overloadB. the odds of the loadC. the default of loadD. overload and the odds of the load4.1.3 完车74. After “finished with engine”, which of the following cannot be shut off by the duty engineer?A. Fuel oil booster pumpB. The main starting valveC. The sea chestD. The main cooling sea water pump4.2 安全管理知识4.2.1 轮机部操作安全注意事项75. To avoid excessive surge pressure when bunkering, you should ____.A. bunker at normal rateB. check for kicks in hoseC. close valves slowlyD. shut valves before topping off4.2.2. 船舶防火防爆的措施及守则76. The most likely place for a fire to start trough the process of spontaneous combustion is in __.A. an electrical switchboardB. the pressure tanksC. the fuel oil tanksD. the oily rag bin4.2.3 机舱应急设备的使用及管理77. If the overflow tank high-level alarm sounds while the fuel oil tanks are being topped off, the engineer should____.A. close the static leg filling valveB. close the overflow tank filling valveC. reduce the fuel oil pumping rateD. stop the fuel oil pumping operation78. As a duty engineer, as soon as you hear the fire and emergency signal, you should ensure that___.A. ring buoys are thrown overboardB. engines are stoppedC. fire pump are startedD. life preserver have been issued to everyone79. Following agrounding, you can best determine that a SLACK fuel oil tank has been holed by ____.A. sounding the tankB. waiting for the vessel to listC. examining tank boundariesD. checking fuel oil strainers4.2.4 船员个人安全知识80. Which one might be used most likely in case of a fire?A. Life jacketB. SCBAC. LifeboatD. Torch4.3 油、物料和备件的管理81. The flash point of a petroleum product is an indication of its____.A. viscosityB. pour pointC. volatilityD. lower explosive limit4.4 船舶修理和检验4.4.1 修理的类别82. ______, where minor repairs are carried out with a ship in service, often during a stay in port. This may be remote from a ship repair site.A. V oyage repairB. Routine dockingC. Damage repairD. Concersion4.4.2. 轮机坞修工程83. When a ship in the dock repairing, engine department should emphasize on the inspection of ____.A. sea valve chest, sea valve, thrusterB. steering and shafting systemC. sea water systemD. fresh water system4.4.3 船舶检验的类别与作用84. The additional mark____ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery means propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigation bridge control station, and engine assembly control station is unmanned periodically.A. BRCB. MCCC. AUT-0D. AUT-14.5 防污染管理及PSC检查4.5.1 油类记录薄与IOPP证书85. If an incorrect entry were made in the Oil Record Book, you should_____.A. erase the entry and rewrite itB. notify the ship’s officer- in-chargeC. completely black it out and make the correct entry alongsideD. draw a single line through the wrong entry and initial it.86. The valid period of the IOPP on board isn’t more than ____.A. one yearB. two yearsC. four yearsD. five years4.5.2 PSC检查中的明显理由与更详细检查87.If____, the PSCO should proceed to a more detailed inspection.A. the PSCO’s general impression confirm a good standard of maintenanceB. the certificates are validC. the SCO believes the ship doesn’t meet the requirementsD. the PSCO can’t find deficiencies at first glance5 国际公约与规则(13’)5.1 STCW公约5.1.1 STCW78/95公约中有关轮机值班的基本原则88. STCW78/95 states that the officer in charge of the engineering watch is the _____ representative.A. ship-owner’sB. master’sC. chief engineer’sD. manager’s89. At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer officer shall consult with the master whether or not to _____.A. do engine repair workB. clean sear water filterC. maintain an underway watchD. take bunkering5.1.2 轮机员的基本职责和道德90. Who is in the charge of the auxiliary boiler?A. The chief engineerB. The second engineerC. The third engineerD. The fourth5.1.3 驾机联系制度91. The bridge should the engine room ___ before passing through congested o shallow waterway.A. 24 hoursB. 2 hoursC. 1 hourD. 15 minutes5.2 MARPOL73/78公约5.2.1 MARPOL73/78公约中有关含油污水的排放规则92. While loading bunkers, you notice oil on the water near the vessel,. What should you do first?A. Stop loadingB. Notify the harbor administrationC. Determine if the vessel is the source of the pollutionD. Start the main engine and put them in gear to disperse the spill93. If an oil spill occurs on deck, you should_____.A. cover the area with foamB. cover the area with absorbent materialC. wash down immediately with a fire hoseD. wash down immediately with an oil dispersing solvent.94. To receive oil residues from the purification of fuel and lubricating oils in the machinery spaces, what kind of tanks should be provided on board?A. Bilge tankB. Sludge tankC. Overflow tankD. Oil collecting tank5.2.2 有关国家、港口的防污染规则95. Disposal of all kinds of garbage but_____ is prohibited within Special Area.A. plasticsB. comminuted or ground papers, rag , glass, metal etc.C. food waste comminuted or groundD. incinerator ash96. When the garbage is mixing with some discharges having different disposal or dischargerequirements, ____ shall apply.A. any requirement appointed by the PSC officerB. the most suitable requirementC. the most stringent requirementD. no requirement5.3 SOLAS 公约5.3.1 SOLAS 公约的基本精神和基本原则97. The SOLAS Convention is the main international convention____.A. about marine pollution preventionB. covering safety of lifeC. about marineD. about ship and port security5.4 ISM、ISPS等规则和公约5.4.1 ISM 规则简介98. In the ISM Code, “company” doesn’t mean___.A. the ship ownerB. the manager or bareboat chartererC. a person assuming the responsibility for ship operationD. a business enterprise dealing with freight5.4.2 ISPS 规则简介99. _____ shall set security levels and provide guidance for protection from security incidents.A. The Contracting GovernmentsB. The Port AuthoritiesC. The masterD. The Company Security Officer5.4.3 其他最新公约和规则100. According to Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, the maximum hours of work shall not exceed__.A. 14 hours in any 24-hour periodB. 72 hours in any seven-day periodC. 10 hours in any 24-hour periodD. 88 hours in any seven-day period。
汽车发动机英语词汇
第二类 ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造序号英文中文1 rocker arm cover 摇臂罩2 valve rocker arm 气门摇臂3 camshaft 凸轮轴4 camshaft drive 凸轮轴驱动轮5 spark plug lead 火花塞导线6 timing belt cover 正时皮带罩7 valve spring 气门弹簧8 poppet valve 菌形气门9 piston 活塞10 connecting rod 连杆11 timing belt 正时皮带12 combustion chamber 燃烧室13 cylinder block 汽缸体14 water jacket 水套15 oil filter 机油滤清器16 flywheel 飞轮17 ring gear 齿圈18 oil gage 机油标尺19 oil pan/sump 油底壳20 crankshaft 曲轴21 drain plug 放油孔塞22 v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term 基本术语序号英文中文1 cylinder diameter 汽缸直径2 piston stroke 活塞行程3 crank radius 曲轴半径4 piston displacement 活塞排量5 compression chamber volume 压缩室容积6 total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积7 top dead center 上止点8 bottom dead center 下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intake stroke 进气行程2 compression stroke 压缩行程3 expansion stroke 膨胀行程4 exhaust stroke 排气行程5 combustible mixture 可燃混合气6 intake valve 进气门7 spark plug 火花塞8 exhaust valve 排气门9 exhaust gas 废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intake stroke 进气行程2 compression stroke 压缩行程3 expansion stroke 膨胀行程4 exhaust stroke 排气行程5 intake 进气6 compression 压缩7 combustion 燃烧8 expansion 膨胀9 exhaust 排气10 air 空气11 injector 喷油器12 exhaust gas 废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 combustible mixture 可燃混合气2 inlet port 进气口3 crankcase 曲轴箱4 precompressed mixture 预压混合气序号英文中文5 transfer canal 输气道6 intake port 进气口7 exhaust port 排气口8 exhaust gas 废气9 spark plug 火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理1 air 空气2 blower pump 扫气泵3 precompressed air 预压空气4 air chamber 空气室5 inlet port 进气口6 injector 喷油器7 exhaust valve 排气门8 exhaust gas 废气四、Engine performance 发动机性能序号英文中文1 fixed throttle characteristics 速度特性2 part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3 engine speed 转速4 torque 扭矩5 horsepower 功率6 specific fuel consumption 燃油消耗率五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组序号英文中文1 cylinder block 汽缸体2 cylinder liner 汽缸套3 cylinder bearing surface 汽缸套表面4 cylinder head 汽缸盖5 inlet manifold mountingflange 进气歧管凸缘6 oil inlet hole 加油孔7 cylinder head cover 汽缸盖罩序号英文中文8 cylinder head gasket 汽缸盖衬垫9 oil filter mounting flange 机油滤清器凸缘10 ventilating pipe mounting seat 通风管座11 cylinder block stiffeningrib 汽缸体加强肋12 rear main bearing cover 后主轴承罩13 main bearing cap 主轴承盖14 oil sump pan gasket 油底壳衬垫15 oil sump/pan 油底壳16 fuel pump mountingflange 燃油泵凸缘17 ignition distributor mounting flange 分电器凸缘18 camshaft bearing bushseat 凸轮轴轴承座19 camshaft drive(gear)cover 凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20 cylinder head covergasket 汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组序号英文中文1 connecting rod shank 连杆杆身2 connecting rod small end 连杆小头3 connecting rod bushing 连杆衬套4 spring clip 弹簧卡环5 piston pin 活塞销6 piston head 活塞头部7 piston ring groove 活塞环槽8 compression ring 压缩环9 oil scraper ring 油环10 piston skirt 活塞裙部11 piston pin boss 活塞销座12 connecting rod bearing halfshell 连杆轴瓦13 connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓14 connecting rod cap 连杆大头盖15 Connecting rod end 连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组序号英文中文1 crankshaft front end 曲轴前端2 front main journal 前主轴颈3 oil passage hole 机油孔4 crank pin 曲柄销5 crank web 曲柄臂6 counterweight 平衡重7 crankshaft collar 曲轴后端凸缘8 flywheel 飞轮9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10 flywheel lock plate 飞轮锁片11 clutch shaft bearing 离合器轴轴承12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lower) 主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲轴止推片14 bearing tang 轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 cam 凸轮3 tappet 气门挺杆4 side valve 侧置气门5 crankshaft timing gear 曲轴正时齿轮6 camshaft gear-wheel 凸轮轴齿轮7 gear drive 齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 camfollower 凸轮顶杆3 push rod 推杆4 adjuster 调整螺钉5 cocker shaft 摇臂轴6 rocker shaft 摇臂7 valve spring 气门弹簧序号英文中文8 valve 气门9 valve 气道10 combustion chamber 燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft front bearing 凸轮轴前轴承2 valve head 气门头3 valve stem 气门杆4 tappet 挺筒5 lower valve spring collar 气门弹簧下环6 outer valve spring 外气门弹簧7 valve guide 气门导管8 inner valve spring 内气门弹簧9 shielding cap 护帽10 oil flinger 油封11 upper valve spring collar 气门弹簧上环12 valve split cone 气门锁片13 closer 螺塞14 rocker shaft 摇臂轴15 rocker arm 摇臂16 rocker bracket 摇臂支座17 retaining washer 定位摇臂18 thrust washer 止推摇臂19 rocker adjusting screw 摇臂调整螺钉20 push rod 推杆21 camshaft rear bush 凸轮轴后轴承22 camshaft 凸轮轴23 camshaft center bush 凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24 cam 凸轮25 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图序号英文中文1 TDC（top dead center）上止点2 BDC(bottom dead center) 下止点3 intake opens 进气门开序号英文中文4 intake close 进气门关5 exhaust opens 排气门开6 exhaust closes 排气门关7 direction of rotation 旋转方向七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system 汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵序号英文中文1 fuel level gauge 油面指示表2 air cleaner 空气滤清器3 carburetor 化油器4 inlet manifold 进气歧管5 exhaust manifold 排气歧管6 fuel pump 汽油泵7 fuel filter 汽油滤清器8 exhaust silencer 排气消声器9 fuel pipe 油管10 fuel tank 汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器序号英文中文1 intake tube 进气管2 deflector knob 导流旋扭3 air deflector 空气导流器4 cleaner body 滤清器壳5 butterfly nut 蝶形螺帽6 filter cover 滤清器盖7 filter seal ring 滤清器密封环8 cleaner cartridge 滤清器滤芯9 silencer element 消声元件10 crankcase bleed pipe 曲轴箱通风管11 hot air pipe 热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器序号英文中文1 fuel pump base 汽油泵座2 diaphragm 膜片序号英文中文3 fuel inlet neck 汽油进口4 fuel pump body 汽油泵壳5 filter screen 滤清器网6 bowl cover 泵盖7 fuel feed port 汽油出口8 distance washer 调整间隔垫圈9 diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧10 rocker arm 摇臂11 fulcrum pin 杠杆支点销12 fuel filter 汽油滤清器13 filter body 滤清器壳14 filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯15 glass bowl 玻璃滤杯16 bowl retaining clip 滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器序号英文中文1 air cleaner 空气滤清器2 valve needle 针阀3 float 浮子4 nozzle 喷管5 chock tube 喉管6 throttle valve 节气门7 intake manifold 进气歧管8 metering jet 量孔9 float chamber 浮子室10 intake valve 进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器序号英文中文1 down-draft carburetor 下喷式化油器2 nozzle 喷管3 float chamber 浮子室4 choke tube 喉管5 throttle valve 节气门6 intake manifold 进气歧管7 two-barrel carburetor 双管化油器序号英文中文8 choke tube 喉管9 plug 旋塞10 filter gauze 滤清器金属丝网11 fFuel inlet port 进气门口12 valve seat 阀座13 valve needle 针阀14 float needle valve 浮子针阀15 float pivot pin 浮子销16 float 浮子17 float chamber 浮子室18 accelerator pump 加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件序号英文中文1 throttle lever 节气门杆2 pull lever 拉杆3 release lever 放松杆4 throttle valve spindle 节气门轴5 throttle valve 节气门6 main metering jet 主量孔7 idle metering jet 怠速量孔8 accelerator pump discharge nozzle 加速泵输出喷管9 ball valve 球阀10 emulsion pipe 泡沫管11 air jet 空气喷孔12 starting device jet 起动喷孔13 accelerator pump piston 加速泵活塞14 operating cam 操纵凸轮15 accerlerator pump lever 加速泵杆16 adjustable stop 可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件序号英文中文1 throttle control lever 节气门操纵杆2 connecting lever rod 连接拉杆3 cable wire 拉索序号英文中文4 connecting adaptor 连接杆5 cable hose 拉索软管6 cable grommet 拉索橡胶圈7 throttle control cablehandle 节气门操纵拉钮8 choke control cablehandle 阻风门操纵拉钮9 pedal lever bracket 踏板拉杆支架10 accelerator pedal 加速踏板11 accelerator pedal hinge 加速踏板铰链12 accelerator pedal mounting bracket 加速踏板安装支架13 flexible boot cap 挠性防尘护套14 roller 滚子15 accelerator pedal lever 加速踏板杠杆16 accelerator pedal return spring 加速踏板回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射序号英文中文1 fuel tank 汽油箱2 electric fuel pump 电动汽油泵3 fuel filter 燃油滤清器4 distributor pipe 分油管5 pressure regulator 压力调节器6 electronic control unit 电控单元7 injector 喷油器8 start valve 起动阀9 idle-speed adfusting screw 怠速调节螺钉10 throttle-valve switch 节气门开关11 throttle valve 节气门12 airflow sensor 空气流量计13 relay 继电器组14 oxygen sensor 氧传感器15 coolant-temperature sensor 冷却液温度传感器16 thermo time switch 温度时间开端17 distributor 分电器。
Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction(1)
Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (1)第3 课柴油机结构(1)Bedplate and Frame机座和机架The bedplate, which in most cases is of the welded design, is bolted to the seating which forms a part of the double bottom of the ship.在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。
It is secured in the transverse direction by means of bolts known as side-chock bolts and in longitudinal direction by means of end-chock bolts.它在横向借助于侧楔垫螺栓，在纵向借助于端楔垫螺栓固定。
The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. These bearings, known as main bearings曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上，这些轴承称作主轴承。
each consists of two shells which are supported in housings machined in the bedplate and secured by means of studs and bearing caps每个轴承由两块轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定The thrust block or thrust bearing, located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from the bedplate.即推力轴承位于发动机的尾部，可同机座制成一体，也可同机座分开。
Lesson three
l．柴油机
diesel engine
2．柴油 diesel engine fuel / diesel oil
3．柴油塞
4．柴油耗量 5．柴油指数
diesel-oil Plug
diesel consumption diesel index diesel knock diesel fuel additives / diesel-dope diesel electric set engine bed
56．空气滤子 58．机油滤子
high-speed machine oil
air filter lubricating oil filter
57．柴油滤子 diesel oil filter 59．油杯 lubricate cup / oil bowl / Oil
cup
Lesson Three Engines and Power System Engines
Lesson Three Engines and Power System
Situational Dialogue
5.去年你们消耗了多少吨柴油？ How much diesel oil did you consume last year? 去年我们用了很多柴油，大约一千吨。 Last year we used a lot of diesel oil. It’s about one thousand tons. 6.这台柴油机已经停多久了？ How long has the engine stopped? 已经停10天了。 It has stopped for ten days. 7.你知道这台柴油机出了什么故障吗？ What’s the trouble with the engine, do you know? 这台柴油机首先是转速降了下来，后来就停了。 The revolution of this engine first slowed down, and then stopped. 8.我们什么时候启动这台柴油机？ What time do we start this engine? 半小时后启动这台柴油机。 This engine will be starting to run in half an hour.
九年级英语unit3第三课时
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[单选]安装A形井架应采用水平安装，整体吊升的方法，主要方法有（）。A.撑杆法和扒杆法B.扒杆法和人字架法C.旋转扒杆法D.撑杆法和人字架法 [单选]因担保人过错而导致的担保合同无效的，担保人承担过错责任之后，是否可以向债务人追偿？（）A.不可以B.可以C.视情况而定D.反担保人有过错才可以 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]右眼瞳孔扩大，直接对光反应消失，间接光反应存在，左侧瞳孔间接反应消失提示病灶部位在（）。A.右视束B.视交叉C.右侧视反射D.右侧视神经E.左侧视神经 [单选]下列有关肺癌的描述中，哪项是正确的（）A.肺癌患者有同侧和隆突下淋巴结转移约占75%B.胸腔积液一般为淡黄色C.鳞癌一般位于肺门周围，对射线不敏感D.腺癌恶性程度高，对射线敏感E.肺癌女性多见 [填空题]氨合成反应的特点（）、（）、（）、（）的反应。 [填空题]以直线的一端的磁子午线为基准方向，顺时针转至该直线的角度称为（），可使用罗盘仪测量。 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]导致腱反射亢进的病损部位为（）。A.脊神经后根B.脊髓前角C.脊髓后索D.锥体束E.锥体外系 [单选]编制电力企业计划的基本方法是（）。A、投入产出法B、预测调查法C、综合平衡法D、分析比较法 [单选]正确的行针辅助手法是（）。A.提插法、捻转法、震颤法B.提插法、捻转法、弹针法C.刮柄法、弹针法、提插法D.搓柄法、摇柄法、刮柄法E.捻转法、循法、震颤法 [单选]《合同法》的公平原则中不包括（）。A.根据公平原则分配利润B.根据公平原则确定违约责任C.根据公平原则合理地分配风险D.在订立合同时，要根据公平原则确定双方的权利和义务，不得滥用权利，不得欺诈，不得假借订立合同恶意进行磋商 [填空题]四乙基铅主要通过（）侵入人体使其中毒。 [单选]关于阿米巴性肝脓肿的描述，错误的是（）A.手术切开排脓应采用持续负压闭式引流B.合并细菌感染者尽早使用抗生素C.应尽早行经皮肝穿刺置管引流术D.全身营养支持治疗E.主要采用抗阿米巴药物治疗 [名词解释]极振打装置 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]检测抗核抗体的最佳实验方法为（）。A.ELISAB.免疫印迹C.间接免疫荧光法D.对流免疫电泳E.放射免疫分析 [单选]问诊正确的是A．大便是黑色的吗B．你的尿液是深黄色的吗C．除了腹部疼痛外还有其他部位疼痛吗D．您是否有铁锈样痰E．大便时有无里急后重的感觉 [单选]风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄除心尖区听到舒张期隆隆样杂音外，另一具有诊断意义的体征是（）.A.心尖区粗糙的收缩期吹风样杂音B.肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进和分裂C.胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期杂音并向颈部传导D.心尖区舒张期震颤E.胸骨左缘第3～4肋间闻及舒张期吹风样杂音 [判断题]期货公司作为交易者与期货交易所之间的桥梁和纽带，属于银行服务行业。（）A.正确B.错误 [单选,A1型题]卫生总费用对GDP的弹性系数大于1，表明（）。A.卫生总费用的增长慢于GDP增长速度B.卫生总费用的增长快于GDP增长速度C.卫生总费用的增长等于GDP增长速度D.卫生总费用的增长与GDP增长速度相适应E.以上均不正确 [单选]对固定资产采用加速折旧法，体现了会计核算的（）要求。A.重要性B.谨慎性C.可比性D.实质重于形式 [单选,A3型题]某网吧内，上百台电脑前几乎坐满了人，近半数年轻人嘴里叼着香烟，空气中弥漫着呛人的烟草味。室内还连续不断的传来聊天声和游戏者的喊叫声。乳白色的键盘早已是油迹斑斑，常用的字母键呈现出清晰的手指形状的黑印，这些黑印正是长时间未擦拭留下的。透过键盘按键的 [单选,A1型题]关于解表药主要药理作用叙述错误的是（）A.发汗作用B.解热作用C.抗病原微生物作用D.抑制组织异常增生E.调节免疫作用 [单选,A2型题,A1/A2型题]病理大体标本制作中对胃的取材，不正确的是（）。A.先把浆膜面附带的脂肪修剪掉B.沿胃大弯将胃剪开使黏膜面暴露C.按胃的自然形状用大头针沿其边缘固定于硬纸板上，固定时黏膜面与硬纸板接触D.按胃的自然形状用大头针沿其边缘固定于硬纸板上，固定时浆膜面 [配伍题,B1型题]一个昏迷病人被送到医院，医生对他进行处理，这种医患关系属于（）。</br>医生劝病人“你应该参加一些晨间锻炼”，这种医患关系属于（）。A.主动-被动型B.指导-合作型C.共同参与型D.强制-被动型E.指导-参与型 [单选,B1型题]咳铁锈样痰的疾病是（）A.慢性支气管炎B.支气管哮喘C.支气管扩张D.肺炎球菌肺炎E.支气管肺癌 [单选]如图A_2所示，闭合铁心中磁通量一定时，其励磁电流的大小（）。A. [单选]发热恶寒，汗出，口渴，心烦，头痛如劈，舌红苔黄，脉滑数，属于：（）.A.卫分证B.卫气同病C.气分证D.卫营同病 [单选]应当在海上打桩活动开始之目的（）天前向所涉及海区的主管机关递交发布海上航行警告、航行通告的书面申请。A.3B.7C.15D.30 [单选]出境快件在其运输工具离境（）小时前，快件运营人应向离境口岸检验检疫机构办理报检。A.4小时B.5小时C.6小时D.8小时 [名词解释]免疫防御(immunologicdefence) [单选]生产要素最适度组合的选择条件是（）A.MRTS=P1/P2B.MU1/MU2=P1/P2C.MRTSLK=w/rD.MPL/MPK=r/w [单选,A1型题]男婴，10个月。对蛋白需要量是3．5g／kg，而成人则为1．0g／kg。其相差如此之大是因为婴儿（）A.以乳类食品为主要食品B.氨基酸在体内并非完全吸收C.生长发育旺盛，需要正氮平衡D.对蛋白质的消化吸收功能差E.利用蛋白质的能力差 [单选]下列报表中，属于行政单位编制的会计报表的是（）。A.固定资产明细表B.收入明细表C.利润表D.收入支出表 [填空题]供学生使用的文具、娱乐器具、（），必须符合国家有关卫生标准。 [单选]58型焦炉用焦炉煤气加热时煤气的入炉方式为（）A．侧入B．下喷C．A+B [单选,A1型题]关于细辛主要药理作用叙述错误的是（）A.解热B.镇静C.抗心肌缺血D.平喘E.镇痛 [单选,A1型题]下述哪项不是产后出血的原因（）A.胎膜早破B.滞产C.子宫畸形D.多次刮宫人流术后E.双胎妊娠 [单选]下列关于双香豆素药的叙述错误的是（）A.苯巴比妥、苯妥英钠等可降低其抗凝作用B.保泰松、消炎痛、乙酰水杨酸等能与血浆蛋白结合而置换，使其抗凝作用增强C.卢谱抗生素能减弱其抗凝作用D.广泛应用于各种有凝血倾向的疾病，如房颤E.一开始服用华法林没有抗凝作用，需要几天后 [单选,B1型题]胎粪吸入性肺炎多见于（）A.剖宫产儿B.早产儿C.过期产儿D.巨大儿E.小于胎龄儿 [单选]支气管扩张常见痰液性状为（）A.白色泡沫痰B.黄色脓痰，久置分层C.铁锈色痰D.粉红色泡沫痰E.砖红色胶冻状痰 [单选]发生下列（）情况，商业银行不需向客户或对方银行承担赔偿责任。A、违反规定故意拖延支付、截留挪用资金，影响客户和他行资金使用的B、因清算账户头寸不足，导致排队支付指令未及时清算，延误客户和他行资金使用的C、未在规定时间内提出和答复业务查询，造成资金延误的D、因
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Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction (1)第3 课柴油机结构(1)Bedplate and Frame机座和机架The bedplate, which in most cases is of the welded design, is bolted to the seating which forms a part of the double bottom of the ship.在大多数情况下机座是焊接结构，用螺栓固定在构成船舶双层底的底座上。
It is secured in the transverse direction by means of bolts known as side-chock bolts and in longitudinal direction by means of end-chock bolts.它在横向借助于侧楔垫螺栓，在纵向借助于端楔垫螺栓固定。
The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. These bearings, known as main bearings曲轴安放在机座横梁的轴承上，这些轴承称作主轴承。
each consists of two shells which are supported in housings machined in the bedplate and secured by means of studs and bearing caps每个轴承由两块轴瓦组成，两块轴瓦由在机座上加工出的瓦座支撑，用双头螺栓和轴承盖固定The thrust block or thrust bearing, located at the aft end of the engine, may be integral with, or separate from the bedplate.即推力轴承位于发动机的尾部，可同机座制成一体，也可同机座分开。
On the flat upper surface of the bedplate are arranged a number of A-shaped frames or entablatures which may be manufactured of cast iron or fabricated steel. The frames are mounted on and bolted to the bedplate cross girders.在机座上平面装有若干铸铁或锻钢制成的A形机架，机架安装在机座的横梁上，并用螺栓固定。
At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called the scavenging air boxA 形机架顶部有一个结实的框架结构叫扫气箱which is built of a number sections provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together to form a block for 1-3 cylinders in front of the chain transmission, and a block with 4-6 cylinders aft of the chain transmission.该扫气箱分若干段，每段均带有垂直法兰，通过螺栓可将它们在链传动装置前1~3 缸的部分连成一体，链传动装置后4 缸~6 缸的部分连成一体。
The chain transmission, forming the connection between the crankshaft and the camshaft, is enclosed in a cast iron casing known as the chain drive casing.链传动装置将曲轴和凸轮轴连在一起，封闭在链传动箱的壳体内。
Cylinders and covers气缸和气缸盖On top of scavenging air box is mounted strong cast iron frame for each cylinder.在扫气箱上部，每个气缸装有一个坚固的铸铁框架。
These frames are known as cylinder blocks or cooling jackets, which are provided with vertical flanges enabling them to be bolted together in the foremost and aftmost groups in the same way as the scavenging air boxes.这些框架称作气缸体或冷却水套，并带有垂直法兰，与扫气箱一样，可用螺栓将各框架连成首尾一组。
The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods toachieve a greater rigid construction with less deformation in service and lower vibration.机座、机架和气缸体用长贯穿螺栓连到一起，形成一个较大的坚实结构，减少了使用时产生的变形及振动。
The cylinder liners are made of alloyed cast iron and the cylinder surfaces are sometimes chromium-plated.气缸套由铸铁制造，缸套表面有时镀铬。
The cylinder liners are extend somewhat down in the scavenging air box气缸套有些向下延伸到扫气箱and sealing between the liner and the top of the scavenging air box is achieved by the rubber rings fitted into the slots machine-turned in the liners.缸套与扫气箱顶部的密封由橡胶圈实现，橡胶圈安装在缸套上切削的环槽内。
In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as scavenging air ports.在气缸套伸入扫气箱内的部位有一列开口就是所谓的扫气口。
These ports are located at such a height that they are just exposed by the upper edge of the piston when the piston is in the bottom dead-centre position.气口的高度是这样布置的，当活塞位于下止点时，活塞上缘刚好打开气口。
The ports are drilled in the liners at an angle of approx. 20°, the result being that the scavenging air is given a rotary movement.气口在缸套上以大约200的倾角钻成，其结果是使扫气旋转。
Each cylinder is closed at the top by a cylinder cover, made of a special heat-resistant steel, the cover is mounted against a flat surface at the top of the cylinder liner and located on the liner by means of a machine-turned guide edge.缸盖装在缸套顶部的平面上，并由机械加工的凸肩定位。
密封圈嵌入在缸盖锥形部分车削的环槽中。
A sealing ring is inserted in a groove turned in the conical part of the cover. The fitting of the sealing ring in the conical surface must be carried out with great care. The cylinder covers and the liners are bolted together by means of studs screwed onto the cylinder frames.将密封圈嵌入锥形面时必须十分小心。
气缸盖和气缸套用旋入缸体中的双头螺栓固定。
The cylinder liner has drillings for cylinder lubrication, and, in later types, has drillings for cooling water at the uppermost part of it.缸套上有钻孔，用于润滑，新型的缸套在其最上部钻孔用于冷却。
In each cylinder cover is a large central opening for mounting the exhaust valve, and two or three holes for the fuel valves.每个缸盖上有一个大型的中心孔，用于安装排气阀，还有两到三个用于装喷油器The cylinder cover is also provided with holes for: the starting valve; the safety valve; the indicator cock; the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet to the exhaust valve cooling chamber.还有些孔用来安装起动阀、安全阀、示功阀，以及排气阀冷却水腔的进出口。