(√)怎样写英文摘要
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）第一篇：怎样写英文摘要摘要的类型与基本内容根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要(1)报道性摘要(informative abstract)：也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。
通常,这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文。
(2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract)：也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract)或论点摘要(topic abstract)，一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于综述、会议报告等。
该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。
(3)报道-指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)：以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分，以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。
传统的摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)，材料与方法(Materials and Methods)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面，即IMRAD((Introduction，Methods，Results and Discussion)结构的写作模式。
20世纪80年代中期出现了另一种摘要文体，即“结构式摘要"(structured abstract),该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。
写摘要的注意事项摘要主要讲述本论文的要点。
结论写完以后再写摘要.摘要给人第一口苹果的品尝效果.审稿人一般用15分钟看摘要和引言.如果第一印象不好,他/她会去寻找理由建议主编退稿.5 摘要的读者面比论文全文的读者面大得多。
不要用第一人称。
写摘要的顺序第一句话：讲一下你这篇文章的研究意义（但是有的杂志不需要这句话）第二句话：以 To eluicdatie the mechanism..., To investigate....,或者for the purpose of....开头来讲述你这样研究的目的。
完整英文摘要
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
摘要写作进阶指导五：如何写好英文摘要
摘要写作进阶指导五：如何写好英文摘要第一篇：摘要写作进阶指导五：如何写好英文摘要如何写好英文摘要收录学报文章的国外检索数据库刊登的条目内容有题名、作者、英文摘要、参考文献等等。
摘要的质量非常重要。
一方面检索数据库要依据摘要的质量来决定该文章是否被收录；另一方面读者要根据摘要提供的信息考虑是否阅读、引用原文，如能被利用，才能体现文章的学术价值，提高原文的引用频次。
因此希望广大作者按规范认真编写英文摘要。
具体要求如下：1.英文摘要应与中文摘要相对应；2.语言简洁。
避免使用一长串形容词或名词来修饰名词。
不加评论语句，如“相当满意”、“令人可喜”等。
不使用多余的词语，如“据报道……”、“大量的调查表明……”等。
尽量减少背景信息，如历史或其它注释。
不要写作者将来的打算。
应尽量删去的主要字句有：in this paper、based on the analyses conducted、on the above basis、in detail、briefly、mainly、in addition、qualitatively、furthermore等等；3.信息量要完整，能够全面包含论文的关键信息，主要内容有：目的（主题）、研究方法（途经）、研究结果和结论；4.首句不得简单重复题名中已有的信息，要采用简洁的被动语态或原形动词开头，如：A mathematical model for digital closed-loop fiber-optics gyroscopes was established to get the difference equation of the model.T o study…，To describe…，T o investigate…，To assess…，To determine…5.描述目的、结论等用一般现在时，说明研究的方法、过程等用一般过去时。
较少采用现在完成时态、过去完成时态、进行时态等；6.长度一般不能超过150个英文单词，但也不能太短；7.一般情况下不能用缩写，尤其是不常用的专业词语，应使用全称，且均用小写；8.不要有数学公式、矩阵、数列、希腊字母，不要出现角标的角标等不规范字符。
英文摘要的写作方法与技巧
英文摘要的写作方法与技巧论文摘要是全文的精华，是对一项科学研究工作的总结，对研究目的、方法和研究结果的概括。
笔者根据自己摘要写作的经验并结合专业英语教学和对学生英文摘要的批改，谈谈写好英文摘要的方法和技巧。
英文摘要的写作包括论文的英文标题、作者及其相关信息、摘要和关键词四个部分，下面分别介绍每个部分的写作方法与技巧。
1 论文标题论文标题是全文内容的缩影。
读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。
我国期刊要求论文题目一般不超过20个汉字，外文题名一般不超过10个实词［1］。
学术文章的标题主要有三种结构：名词性词组(包括动名词)、介词词组、名词词组+介词词组。
间或也用一个疑问句做标题，但一般不用陈述句或动词词组做标题。
(1)名词性词组名词性词组由名词及其修饰语构成。
名词的修饰语可以是形容词、介词短语，又是也可以是另一个名词。
以下各标题分别由两个名词词组构成。
例如：Global Change and Green House Effect(名词词组+名词词组)；Adaptation and Mitigation to the Global Change(名词+名词)。
(2)介词词组介词词组由介词+名词或名词词组构成。
如果整个标题就是一个介词词组的话，一般这个介词是on，意思是对的研究。
例如：On the Ecological Obligation。
(3)名词/名词词组+介词词组这是标题中用得最多的结构。
例如：Global Environment Change and Its Impact on Plants(名词词组+名词词组)；Discussion on System Method of Studying Global Environmental Change(名词+介词词组)。
(4)其他形式对于值得争议的问题，偶尔可用疑问句作为论文的标题，以点明整个论文讨论的焦点。
例如：Can Global Change Bring Dramatic Disasters to Humans?2 作者学术论文既可以个人名义署名，也可以集体名义署名。
英文摘要写法与格式
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本科生毕业生论文英文摘要写作规范
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。
（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，
1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
每个关键词使用四号字
见下一页范本
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英文摘要的写作方法
英文摘要的写作方法论文摘要的时态基本上有两种: 一般现在时、一般过去时。
由于学术论文写作通常采用一般现在时, 摘要也多用一般现在时。
目的、方法、结果及结论部分多用一般现在时, 背景介绍常采用一般过去时。
一般现在时用于描述研究目的和范围、研究内容、结果和结论;一般过去时用于描述论文撰写前作者已做的工作, 也可用于表示转述已发表文献的报导、讨论和研究内容。
语态与人称主张多采用被动语态。
因为使用被动语态不仅可以省略施动者, 避免出现“Ｗｅ”表示式, 而且还可以使需强调的事物做主语而突出了它们的地位, 有利于说明事实。
英文摘要往往采用第三人称的被动语态, 可以避免提及有关执行者, 使行文显得客观。
同时, 被动语态句子在结构上有较大的调节余地, 有利于使用恰当的修辞手段, 扩展名词短语, 扩大句子信息量。
但有时采用主动语态比用被动语态在结构上更简练, 表达更英文摘要的翻译英文摘要应直接用英文写, 这样能按英文思维方式更直接、准确地表达原文。
但是, 这对一些作者尚有难度。
在翻译过程中, 要避免按中文字面意义逐字翻译, 应从语篇层次把握原文, 选择恰当的翻译单位。
刘士聪认为, 在翻译过程中, 分析和转换是一个难以截然分开的思维过程, 以主述位作翻译单位, 一方面是注意到了它本身的形式特点, 另一方面也注意到了它在语篇中的衔接功能, 可以把对原文的分析和转换统一起来。
英文摘要的写作根据《ＥＩ》的要求, 一篇较好的英文摘要应较好地回答以下4 个方面的问题:1) What you want to do ( 目的);2) How you did it ( 方法); 3) What results did you get and what conclusions can you draw ( 结果和结论); 4) What is original in your paner ( 创新独到之处) 。
在开头交待论文的目的时, 英文摘要的首句不要重复题名或题名的一部分, 同时摘要中要尽量少谈或不谈背景信息。
英文摘要的写作规范
英文摘要的写作规范英文摘要的写作规范本文是英语论文写作指导，本次主要是针对英语论文摘要要怎么写，以及英文摘要的具体写作规范进行详细指导，供参考。
英文摘要的写作规范【1】1、英语摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，以提供论文内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地阐述论文重要内容的短文。
2、英文摘要必须符合“拥有与论文同等量的主要信息”的原则。
为此，英文摘要应重点包括4个要素，即研究目的、方法、结果、结论。
在这4个要素中，后2个是最重要的。
在执行上述原则时，有些情况下，英文摘要可包括研究工作的主要对象和范围，以及具有情报价值的其它重要的信息。
3、英文摘要句型力求简单，通常有10个意义完整语句顺畅的句子。
4、英文摘要不应有引言中出现的内容，也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论，不得简单重复题名中已有的信息;不用非公知公用的符号和术语，不用引文，除非该论文证实或否定了他人已发表的论文，缩略语、略称、代号，除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外，在首次出现时必须加以说明;科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项，如采用法定计量单位，正确使用语言文字和标点符号等，也同样适用于英文摘用的编写。
英语论文摘要怎么写【2】英语论文摘要英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为日的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。
摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。
在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。
英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。
英语论文分类英语论文一般分为外语翻译、语言文化、英美文学、英语相关四大类撰写方法完成毕业论文的撰写可以分两个步骤，即选择课题和研究课题。
首先是选择课题。
选题是论文撰写成败的关键。
要选择有科学价值和现实意义的、切实可行的课题。
摘要的格式及范文英语
摘要的格式及范文英语English Answer:An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, or other academic work. It provides a brief overview of the work's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. Abstracts are typically 150-250 words in length and are used to help readers quickly identify the key points of a work and decide whether to read it in full.The format of an abstract typically includes the following sections:Title: The title of the work.Author(s): The name(s) of the author(s).Affiliation: The institution or organization with which the author(s) are affiliated.Abstract: A brief summary of the work's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions.Keywords: A list of keywords that describe the work's topic.Here is an example of an abstract:Title: The Effects of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health.Author(s): Jane Doe and John Smith.Affiliation: University of California, Berkeley.Abstract:This study investigates the effects of social media use on adolescent mental health. We conducted a survey of 1,000 adolescents aged 13-18 and found that those who spent more time on social media were more likely to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Wealso found that adolescents who used social media to compare themselves to others were more likely to experience negative body image and eating disorders. These findings suggest that social media use may have a negative impact on adolescent mental health.Keywords: Social media, adolescents, mental health, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, body image, eating disorders.中文回答：摘要的格式。
英文文章摘要怎么写.doc
英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。
英文摘要万能模板
英文摘要万能模板篇一：英语摘要十大万能模板由于英语摘要是新题型，相对来讲比较难，但是大家摸清基本的套路和方法，就不会无从下笔了，下面的十个模板是从《MBA联考英语写作分册》摘录的，模板很简单，大家把模板背熟，到考试是直接套用就行了，不过最好先找几篇文章练练笔，熟悉一下流程。
英文摘要的基本方法就是：首先，写出中文摘要；其次，把它用简单的英文翻译过来并加以修改。
英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。
尽量使用短句，慎用长句。
2、应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。
进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。
英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, __ is of utmost significance to our society. The last but not the least, as isillustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段，强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词）。
英文摘要的写作技巧
英文摘要的写作技巧英文摘要的写作技巧导语：英文摘要(Abstract)的写作应用很广。
论文摘要是全文的精华，是对一项科学研究工作的总结，对研究目的、方法和研究结果的概括。
以下是小编为大家精心整理的英文摘要的写作技巧，欢迎大家阅读参考!一、摘要的种类与特点摘要主要有以下四种。
第一种是随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要。
这种摘要置于主体部分之前，目的是让读者首先了解一下论文的内容，以便决定是否阅读全文。
一般来说，这种摘要在全文完成之后写。
字数限制在100～150字之间。
内容包括研究目的、研究方法、研究结果和主要结论。
第二种是学术会议论文摘要。
会议论文摘要往往在会议召开之前几个月撰写，目的是交给会议论文评审委员会评阅，从而决定是否能够录用。
所以，比第一种略为详细，长度在200—300字之间。
会议论文摘要的开头有必要简单介绍一下研究课题的意义、目的、宗旨等。
如果在写摘要时，研究工作尚未完成，全部研究结果还未得到，那么，应在方法、目的、宗旨、假设等方面多花笔墨。
第三种为学位论文摘要。
学士、硕士和博士论文摘要一般都要求用中、英文两种语言写。
学位论文摘要一般在400字左右，根据需要可以分为几个段落。
内容一般包括研究背景、意义、主旨和目的;基本理论依据，基本假设;研究方法;研究结果;主要创新点;简短讨论。
不同级别的学位论文摘要，要突出不同程度的创新之处，指出有何新的观点、见解或解决问题的新方法。
第四种是脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。
这种摘要更应该具有独立性、自含性、完整性。
读者无需阅读全文，便可以了解全文的主要内容。
二、摘要的内容与结构摘要内容一般包括：Ø 目的(objectives，purposes)：包括研究背景、范围、内容、要解决的问题及解决这一问题的重要性和意义。
Ø 方法(methods and materials)：包括材料、手段和过程。
Ø 结果与简短讨论(results and discussions)：包括数据与分析。
英文摘要写法与格式
本科生毕业生论文英文摘要写作规范
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。
（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，
1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
每个关键词使用四号字
见下一页范本
（注：专业文档是经验性极强的领域，无法思考和涵盖全面，素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注）。
本科毕业论文英文摘要怎么写
本科毕业论文英文摘要怎么写Writing an Abstract for an Undergraduate ThesisAbstracts are concise summaries of research papers or academic articles that provide a brief overview of the study's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. They serve as a standalone text and enable readers to quickly understand the main points of the paper without having to read the entire document. This article aims to guide undergraduate students on how to write an effective abstract for their thesis.1. IntroductionThe abstract section is a vital component of any research paper. It should accurately represent the content of the thesis, enticing readers to continue reading. When crafting an abstract, it is essential to consider its length, organization, and the specific elements to include.2. Content of the AbstractTo ensure a comprehensive and accurate summary, an abstract should typically include the following elements:2.1. Background and Purpose: Briefly explain the context of the research and state the objectives or questions addressed in the study. Highlight the significance of the research topic and its relevance to the field.2.2. Methodology: Describe the research approach, including the study design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques employed. Mention any specific tools, software, or equipment used.2.3. Results: Summarize the main findings of your research. Provide the key quantitative or qualitative results obtained and emphasize their significance. Avoid including excessive details or statistical analyses.2.4. Conclusion: State the main conclusions drawn from the study. Highlight the implications of the findings and their potential impact on the research field or practical applications.3. Structure and FormattingTo ensure clarity and conciseness, follow these guidelines when structuring your abstract:3.1. Length: Typically, undergraduate thesis abstracts range from 150 to 350 words. Check if your university or department has specified any word limit requirements.3.2. Language and Tone: Use clear and straightforward language to convey your research effectively. Avoid jargon, abbreviations, or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to a broad audience. Maintain an objective tone throughout the abstract.3.3. Organization: Arrange the content logically and coherently. Start with an introduction, followed by the methodology, results, and conclusion sections. Consider the specific requirements of your discipline or department.3.4. Grammar and Style: Ensure proper grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. Use active voice and past tense to describe the research conducted and results obtained.4. Seeking Feedback and RevisionsAfter drafting your abstract, seek feedback from your advisor, professors, or peers. Incorporate any suggested revisions to enhance theclarity, accuracy, and overall quality of your abstract. Pay attention to word choice, grammar, and the appropriateness of the content.5. Checking for Accuracy and ClarityBefore finalizing the abstract, carefully review it to ensure its accuracy and clarity. Verify that the content provided aligns with your thesis, and all necessary details are included. Focus on maintaining a concise yet informative summary.6. ConclusionThe abstract serves as a condensed version of your undergraduate thesis, making it essential to capture the main points effectively. By adhering to the guidelines outlined above, you can write a clear, concise, and accurate abstract that provides readers with a comprehensive overview of your research. Remember, mastering the art of writing an abstract is crucial not only for your undergraduate thesis but also for future research endeavors.。
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧Abstract Writing Tips (1500 words)Writing an abstract is a crucial skill for researchers and academics as it helps them communicate the essence of their work in a concise and accessible manner. An abstract is a summary of a research paper, report, or article that provides an overview of the main points and findings. This article provides some useful tips for writing effective and compelling abstracts.1. Understand the Purpose of an Abstract: Before starting to write the abstract, it is important to understand its purpose. An abstract serves as a snapshot of the entire work and allows readers to quickly determine if the study is relevant to their interests. It should provide enough information to help readers decide whether to read the full paper or not.2. Follow the Structure: Abstracts generally follow a specific structure that includes the background, objective, methods, results, and conclusions of the study. However, this structure may vary depending on the requirements of the journal or conference you are submitting to. It is essential to follow the prescribed structure to ensure that all the necessary information is included.3. Be Concise: Abstracts should be concise and to the point. Since they have word limits, it is important to prioritize the most essential information and avoid unnecessary details. A good abstract should be between 150-250 words, depending on the guidelines provided by the target journal or conference.4. Use Clear and Straightforward Language: Abstracts should be written using clear and straightforward language. Avoid unnecessary jargon or technical terms that may confuse the readers. Instead, use terminology that is easily understandable to a broad audience. Remember that the purpose of an abstract is to present your work to a wider audience, including non-specialists.5. Highlight Key Points: Since abstracts serve as a summary, it is important to highlight the key points of your work. These are usually the main objectives, methods, major findings, and significant conclusions. By emphasizing these key elements, readers can get a clear idea of your research without going through the entire paper.6. Be Accurate and Objective: When writing an abstract, it is crucial to be accurate and objective. Avoid making exaggerated claims or overgeneralizations about your findings. Stick to the facts and provide a fair representation of your research. This will help establish credibility and trust among the readers.7. Avoid Citations and References: Abstracts should not include citations or references to other papers or sources. It is not the place to provide a detailed literature review. Instead, focus on summarizing your own work without external references.8. Proofread and Edit: Like any other piece of writing, abstracts should be proofread and edited to ensure clarity and correctness. Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that the abstract reads smoothly and provides a coherent summary of your study.9. Revise for Different Platforms: If you plan to submit your work to multiple journals or conferences, it is important to revise your abstract accordingly. Each target platform may have different requirements, such as word limits or specific sections to include. Tailor your abstract to meet these requirements, ensuring that it optimally represents your research for each platform.10. Seek feedback: Lastly, it is always beneficial to seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or writing professionals. They can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improving your abstract. Incorporate their feedback to enhance the quality and impact of your abstract.In conclusion, writing an abstract requires careful consideration and attention to detail. By following these tips, you can effectively summarize your research and engage readers, ultimately increasing the visibility and impact of your work.11. Customize for Different Disciplines: It is important to keep in mind that abstracts may vary across different disciplines. Depending on the field of study, different aspects may be prioritized. For example, in scientific research, the methods and results sections may be more emphasized, while in humanities research, the theoretical framework and analysis may be more prominent. Therefore, it is crucial to tailor your abstract to the specific requirements and conventions of your discipline.12. State the Problem or Research Question: Start your abstract by clearly stating the problem or research question your study addresses. This helps readers understand the purpose and relevanceof your work. Be brief but specific in describing the issue you are investigating.13. Provide Context: In addition to stating the problem, it is important to provide some context for your study. This can include a brief background or literature review to explain the significance of the research. However, be cautious not to make the abstract too lengthy or to include excessive details. Focus on the key aspects that are directly relevant to your study.14. Summarize the Methodology: Briefly describe the methodology or approach used in your study. This includes the research design, data collection methods, and any analytical techniques employed. Highlight the key steps or procedures that are crucial for understanding your findings.15. Summarize the Results: Outline the main findings or results of your study. Be concise and specific, avoiding ambiguous or vague statements. If possible, use quantitative or qualitative data to support your conclusions. It is important to convey the most significant findings in a clear and understandable manner.16. Emphasize Novelty or Contribution: If your study has a unique or innovative aspect, make sure to highlight it in the abstract. This could be a novel methodology, a new theoretical framework, or a significant contribution to the existing literature. By emphasizing the novelty of your work, you can attract the attention of readers and make your abstract stand out.17. State the Implications and Conclusions: Conclude your abstractby summarizing the implications and conclusions of your study. Explain how your findings contribute to the existing knowledge, theory, or practice in your field. If applicable, mention any limitations or caveats of your study. By providing a clear and realistic assessment of your work, you can demonstrate its importance and practical implications.18. Include Keywords: Many journals and conferences require authors to include a list of keywords in their abstracts. Keywords are specific terms or phrases that represent the main topics or themes of your research. They help search engines and researchers find your work more easily. Choose keywords that accurately reflect the content and scope of your study.19. Pay Attention to Formatting and Style: When writing an abstract, it is important to adhere to the specific formatting and style guidelines of your target journal or conference. This includes font size, word limits, and citation styles, among others. Ensure that your abstract is properly formatted and meets all the requirements to avoid potential rejection or issues during the submission process.20. Keep Revising and Improving: Abstract writing is an iterative process. It is rare to have a perfect abstract in the first draft. Continuously revise and refine your abstract to make it more compelling and impactful. Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or experts in your field. Incorporate their suggestions and polish your abstract to enhance its quality and effectiveness.Writing an abstract is a skill that improves with practice. Byfollowing these tips and continually honing your abstract writing abilities, you can effectively communicate the essence of your research and increase its visibility and impact in your field. Keep in mind that abstracts play a crucial role in attracting readers' attention, so invest time and effort into crafting a clear, concise, and engaging abstract that accurately represents your work.。
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（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（ainfats）；略去不必要的细节（unneessaydetails）。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例。摘Байду номын сангаас应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求
sentene.Pesenttheainidea,flledbythesupptingpints.Theeaindefyusuayshuldfusnhtheauthsuppts,defines,and/illustatesthatainidea.eebe,unlesstheisestatedbyyuinstut,asuayshuldntainnlytheauth’svies,stytbeasbjetiveaspssible.
摘要（suay）是一种对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不加主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。
摘要写作（suayiting）是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈如何写好英文摘要。
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highlightingtheiptantpints.itetheentalideaandtheauth’seasns(pupseandintent)fhldingthisviepint.Ntethesupptingeleentstheauthusestexplainbakuphe/hisaininfatinlai.
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anttaskyuselfquestinssuhas:Destheauthsueed?Hand
hyhynt?hataethestengths,eaknesses?hy?hatdidtheauthdell?Ntell?hy?
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析，掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的主题（theainthee）和各段的段落大意（theainidea）。
2）弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
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?Asyueviseandedityusuay,paeitttheiginalandask
yuselfquestinssuhas:HaveIephasedtheauth’sdsithuthangingtheieaning?HaveIestatedtheainideaandthesupptingpintsauatelyandinynds?
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esultshstheeadethatyuundestanditasell.Inadditin,theknledgegainedallsyutbetteanalyzeanditiquetheiginal.?Fist,tytfindtheainideaintheeading;it’susuallyinthefist
〔怎样写英文摘要〕
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auatelyaspssiblethefullsenseftheiginal,butinaendensedf.Asuayestatestheauth’sainpint,pupse,intent,andsupptingdetailsinyunds.