Being done的用法

Being done的用法

一、与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态（am/ is/ are being done）和过去进行时的被动语态（was/ were being done）。如：

The new houses are being painted.这些新房子还在刷漆。

When I went to pay him a visit, he was being examined by a doctor. 当我去看他时，他正在接受医生的检查。

二、作后置定语，修饰某一名词，表示某一被动动作正在进行。如：

The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。

上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子：

The meeting which is being held now is of great importance.

注意：being done，to be done与done均可作后置定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done表示将要发生的被动动作；而done表示已经发生的被动动作。如：

The house to be built here next year belongs to Fred. 明年将在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。

The house built here last year belongs to Fred. 去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。

三、作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如：

John hates being laughed at in public. 约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。

Do you mind being left alone at home. 把你一个人留在家里你介意吗？

My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。

四、有时作主语或用在see，hear，feel等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。（作主语）He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（作宾补）Having been done 和done用法的区别

1.done是过去分词，having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个都可以表示“完成＋被动。”但作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；

Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.

Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.

（分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词）Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled.

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

（过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义）

2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。

The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success.

They are problems left over by history.

完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如：

我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate.

而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.

但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如：Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。

The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)

3. 如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生过多次，请看例句：

(1)Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.

妙语点睛：

分词完成式having been bitten在谓语动作refused之前已经重复过两次，即分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。

过去分词的用法

一、动词的-ed形式的特征

A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成

动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。

1．规则动词的-ed形式

limit→limited（限制）pretend→pretended（假装）escape→escaped（逃脱）provide→provided（提供）refer→referred（提交）drag→dragged（拖）

pray→pr ayed（祈祷）supply→supplied（供应）

2．不规则动词的-ed形式

cast→cast（投掷）spread→spread（传播）bite→bitten（咬）

forgive→forgiven（原谅）spit→spat（吐）wear→worn（穿）

fight→fought（搏斗）lose→lost（丢失）

3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同

learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授

aged an aged man 老人

beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机

B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式

动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。

Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。

C．动词的-ed形式的特征

动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。

1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。

除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的