各种化学基团

hydro氢基－H

methyl甲基－CH3

ethyl乙基－C2H5

isobutyl异丁基－CH2CH（CH3)2

allyl烯丙基－CH2－CH＝CH2

2-propynyl2-丙炔基－CH2C≡CH

Benzyl=-tolyl苄基（苯甲基）－CH2-Ar

Isopropyl=sec-propyl异丙基－CH（CH3)2

vinyl乙烯基－CH＝CH2

Sec-butyl仲丁基

cyclohexyl环己基

propenyl丙烯基－CH＝CH-CH3

Tert-butyl叔丁基－C(CH3)3

isopropenyl异丙烯基

Acetenyl=ethynyl乙炔基－C≡CH

benzol苯基

p-methylphenyl对甲苯基

m-methylphenyl间甲苯基

o-methylphenyl邻甲苯基

o-nitrophenyl邻硝基苯基

formyl甲酰基－COH

acetyl乙酰基－COCH3

benzoyl苯甲酰基

carboxy羧基－COOH

benzyloxycarbonyl苄氧羰基

Tert-butoxycarbonyl叔丁氧羰基－COOC(CH3)3

amino氨基（伯氨基）－NH3

Methylamino-甲氨基－NHCH3

dimethylamino 二甲氨基－N(CH3)2

diethylamino二乙氨基－N(C2H5)2

acetamido乙酰氨基－NHCOCH3

benzyloxycarbonylamino苄氧羰基氨基－NHCOOCH2Ar nitro硝基－NO2

hydroxy羟基

methoxy甲氧基－OCH3

benzyloxy苄氧基－OCH2Ar

phenoxy苯氧基－OAr

formyloxy甲酰氧基－OCOH

acetoxy乙酰氧基－OCOCH3

benzoyloxy苯甲酰氧基－OCOAr

fluoro氟基－F

Thiohydroxy=mercapto=sulfhydryl巯基－SH

Methylsulfonyl=mesyl甲基磺酰基－SO2CH3

sulfo磺基－SO3H

chloro氯基－Cl bromo溴基－Br iodo碘基－I