双语论文.dos
英语论文范文
英语论文范文本人作为一名英语专业学生，曾写过不少英语论文，以下是三篇我曾写过的范文，希望对您有所帮助。
篇一：Corporate Social Responsibility in the Fashion IndustryAbstractAs a vastly profitable industry, the fashion industry is also a large contributor to environmental degradation, worker exploitation, and human rights violations. In recent years, companies in the fashion industry have begun to put forth more effort towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in order to address these issues. This paper will examine the concept of CSR in the fashion industry, as well as the benefits and challenges of implementing CSR policies.Keywords： Corporate Social Responsibility, Fashion IndustryIntroductionThe fashion industry is a significantly profitable global industry, with revenue projected to reach $3 trillion in 2030 (Business of Fashion, 2017). However, this industry, while driving considerable economic growth, is also known for its significant impact on the environment, worker exploitation, and human rightsviolations (Marin, et al., 2015). Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the negative impacts the fashion industry has on the world, and this has led many companies in the industry to adopt Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies.BackgroundCorporate Social Responsibility refers to an organization's responsibility to act in ways that benefit society as a whole, beyond just simply generating profits for shareholders (Crane, et al., 2019). In fashion industry, CSR policies aim to address issues such as environmental sustainability, fair labor practices, and human rights issues. There are several reasons why fashion companies have begun adopting CSR policies. First, consumers are demanding more transparency and ethical practices from companies they support (Dalli, 2017). Second, companies have become aware that CSR policies can help improve their image, attract customers, and increase revenue. (Shepherd, et al., 2013) Lastly, CSR policies can also lead to cost savings for the company by reducing waste and improving efficiency (Bocken, et al., 2014).Benefits of implementing CSR policies in the fashion industry：First, CSR policies can help companies gain positive brand reputation and recognition. By operating in a socially responsible way, companies can differentiatethemselves from competitors, which can help attract and retain customers (Nayak and Karmakar, 2017). Second, CSR policies can increase employeesatisfaction and loyalty. When employees feel that they are working for a company that is committed to social responsibility, they are more likely to feel proud of their work and remain committed to the company in the long-term (Kim, et al., 2018). Third, CSR policies can lead to increased cost savings for the company, particularly in areas such as reducing waste and improving supply chain efficiency (Bocken, et al., 2014).Challenges of implementing CSR policies in the fashion industry：First, implementing CSR policies often requires significant financial investment, particularly in the areas of supply chain transparency and worker wage increases (Challender, et al., 2015). Second, it can be difficult for companies to maintain consistent implementation of CSR policies across all areas of the company and supply chain (Sarwar, et al., 2013). Additionally, there may be cultural and institutional barriers to implementing CSR policies in somelocations where fashion production takes place, such as cultural norms surrounding worker treatment (Narayana and Melkote, 2014).ConclusionIn the fashion industry, CSR policies can helpmitigate the negative impacts that the industry has on the environment, workers, and human rights. Whilethere are challenges involved in implementing CSR policies, the benefits to companies and society as a whole can ultimately make them worthwhile investments for companies in the industry.篇二：The Effectiveness of Online Language LearningAbstractOnline language learning has become an increasingly popular option for language learners. This paper examines the effectiveness of online language learning, particularly in comparison to traditional classroom-based language learning. By examining previous research, this paper argues that online language learning can be a highly effective method for language learning, particularly for certain types of learners.Keywords: Online Language Learning, Language Acquisition, Traditional Classroom-based Language LearningIntroductionThe rise of the internet has led to the development of a wide range of language learning tools and resources that are available online. These resources have become an increasingly popular option for language learners,particularly those who have limited access totraditional classroom-based language learning programs. Despite the growing popularity of online language learning, there remains some debate about the effectiveness of this method of language acquisition.BackgroundOnline language learning involves using a wide rangeof digital resources to aid language acquisition, including language-specific apps, chat-based language exchanges, and online video tutorials. Traditional classroom-based language learning, on the other hand, involves face-to-face interaction with language instructors and peers. There are a range of factorsthat can affect the effectiveness of these two methods of language learning, including access to technology, teacher quality, and individual learnercharacteristics (Lee, et al., 2019).Benefits of Online Language Learning：Research has found that online language learning canbe a highly effective method for language acquisition when it is used in conjunction with traditional classroom-based language learning (Ebrahimi, et al., 2013). For example, online language learning can help provide additional practice opportunities and can be particularly effective for learners who struggle with traditional classroom-based language learning (Mouhanna, et al., 2017). Additionally, onlinelanguage learning can be more flexible and accessible than traditional classroom-based language learning, particularly for learners who cannot attend regular language classes due to work or family obligations (Alemi, 2015).Challenges of Online Language Learning：There are several challenges associated with online language learning. One of the primary challenges is the potential lack of interaction with language instructors and peers, which can make it moredifficult for learners to receive feedback and engage in conversation practice (Fernández-Toro, et al., 2015). Additionally, learners may not have access to the same level of resources and tools as they would in a traditional classroom-based learning environment (Lee, et al., 2019). Finally, online language learning may not be suitable for all learners, particularly those who require close personal interaction and learning social cues (Mouhanna, et al., 2017).ConclusionOnline language learning can be a highly effective method for language acquisition, particularly when it is used in conjunction with traditional classroom-based language learning. However, online language learning is not suitable for all learners and there are certain challenges associated with this method of language acquisition.篇三：The Effect of Bilingualism on Language DevelopmentAbstractBilingualism, the ability to speak two languages, has been found to have a range of cognitive, linguistic, and social benefits. This paper examines the effects of bilingualism on language development, including challenges and benefits, as well as factors that may affect the degree of bilingual proficiency.Keywords: Bilingualism, Language Development, Language ProficiencyIntroductionBilingualism, the ability to speak two languages, has been found to have numerous benefits for individuals. Over the past several decades, there has been a growing body of research exploring the effects of bilingualism on language development. This paper aims to summarize some of the key findings from this literature and to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of bilingualism on language development.BackgroundBilingualism can have a wide range of effects on language development. Learners who speak two languages have been found to have better cognitive abilities, higher levels of creativity, and increased social skills (Bialystok, et al., 2015). Additionally, bilingualism has been found to have a positive effecton academic achievement, particularly in language-related skills such as reading and writing (Lu, et al., 2018).Benefits of Bilingualism：There are numerous benefits associated with bilingualism. For example, bilingualism can lead to increased cognitive flexibility, allowing individuals to better navigate complex cognitive tasks (Bialystok, et al., 2015). Bilinguals also have a greater ability to switch between languages, allowing them to communicate more effectively in different cultural contexts (Palmer, et al., 2018). Additionally, bilingualism has been linked to improved academic achievement, particularly in the area of language-related skills (Lu, et al., 2018).Challenges of Bilingualism：While bilingualism can have many benefits, it can also present certain challenges. For example, bilinguals may experience some confusion when switching between languages, particularly when they are still developing their language skills (Bialystok, et al., 2015). Additionally, bilingual learners may find it more difficult to develop language skills if they do not receive adequate support in both languages (Lu, et al., 2018).Factors Affecting Bilingual Proficiency：There are several factors that can affect anindividual's level of bilingual proficiency. For example, age of acquisition appears to have a significant effect on the degree of languageproficiency (De Houwer, 2015). Additionally, exposure to the languages in different contexts and the quality of language instruction are also important factors (Lu, et al., 2018).ConclusionBilingualism has numerous benefits for individuals, particularly in terms of cognitive flexibility and academic achievement. However, bilingualism can also present certain challenges, particularly during the language acquisition process. The degree of bilingual proficiency is affected by a range of factors,including age of acquisition, language exposure, and language instruction quality.。
英语课堂教学的“Dos”and“Don’ts”
英语课堂教学的“Dos”and“Don’ts”学习英语的过程中，我们经常会碰到许许多多、形形色色的“Dos” and “Don’ts”,有很多建议，也有很多禁忌。
在英语课堂教学方法中，同样也有许多“Dos”and “Don’ts”.要想获得英语教学的成功，我们要设疑启思、感情鼓励，激发学生用英语去“攀登”、“挖掘”自然万物的实质及其因果联系，是为“Dos”；也需要注意不能过度管理、急于求成，泯灭学生之“天性”，是为“Don’ts”. 不少英语老师都觉得，高中的英语课堂比较沉闷，与初中时的“一呼百应”更是不可同日而语。
其实，高中阶段是中学生心理发展的特殊时期，在这个阶段，学生由好动、活泼转为文静，腼腆；由直率、外向变得沉默、内向。
这些变化，在英语课堂上常表现为：不愿主动举手发言，不满足于yes或no的简单结论，不满意老师一般模式的课堂教学，不服从于老师的“绝对权威”。
这些表现都使英语课堂不知不觉地安静了下来。
如何把握高中生的心理特点，处理好高中生心理特点和课堂教学的关系，使高中英语课也能“活”起来，从而促进英语教学，是英语教师们面临的一个课题。
为了成功的激活英语课堂，我们应该做些什么（Dos）,又应该注意些什么呢（Don’ts）。
下面是笔者的一些做法：（一）活用歌曲与初中生相比，高中生更喜欢哼几句英文歌曲，甚至以会唱几首英文歌曲为荣。
针对这一现象，笔者在每单元的听力课时，都要选一首英文歌曲给大家欣赏，久而久之，大家对此已形成习惯，有的同学甚至对原本乏味的听力课有了期待。
在给同学们欣赏歌曲的同时，我也注重对同学们思维和听力的训练，把英文歌词当作完形填空，要求学生在听之前试着填入合适的词，然后边欣赏歌曲边检查答案，或者干脆让学生把挖空的词或短语乃至句子听出来。
例如歌曲right here waiting：oceans apart.and I slowly go insane.I hear you on the line.but it doesn’t the pain.if I see you next to.how can we say.you go，you do，I will be right here.It takes，or how my heart，I will be right here.首先让大家试着填所缺内容，然后一边听歌一边填写，最后要大家猜出生词：insane的含义。
中西医结合论文(英文版)
Awareness of integrated Chinese and Western medicine AbstractIntegrated traditional and Western medicine is the development of the times and the rise of a subject, in the face of emerging disciplines, described on the awareness, understanding, and development of integrated Chinese and Western medicine approach. And the combination of existing State, secondly, develop integrated measures to achieve better blueprint.Keywords:Integrated Chinese and Western medicine；Views；Attitude；The current situation；MeasuresThe textChina is a large country with thousands of years of Chinese history, but since after Western medicine with Western missionaries set foot on your land, Chinese medicine there are two systems of medicine "traditional Chinese medicine is a holistic concept, is dialectical medicine, Western medicine is reductionist, is disease medicine [1]. Views on the two kinds of medicine put forward different views under unprecedented criticism, questioning and challenging of traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that Chinese medicine is the medicine of experience, there is no sufficient scientific justification, it will push the situation to the brink of extinction of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to remedy the situation, protect the health of human beings thousands of years make immeasurable contributions to medicine, Mao pointed out that the Chinese cannot long two medicine, only there kind of dialectical medicine actually pointed out the historical inevitability of integrated traditional and Western medicine.Truth a Yuan discourse, on same things full of really rational of objective truth only a, TCM is China of quintessence, is we generations from personally practice in the get of full summary, it of practice sex, and authenticity unquestionable, but while Western based on Science of discipline, from molecular to material, are is after test obtained reliable conclusions, both with has advantages, also has cannot ignored of shortcomings " Black Cat white cat catches mice is a good cat ' based on traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine are not perfect, if the mutual merits further development, in the case of complementary additional medical problems, combined with traditional Chinese medicine will be the best way out.1.My understanding of integrated Chinese and Western medicineChinese and Western Integrative Medicine is defined as: integrated use of Chinese and Western medical theories and methods, and cross penetration of Western medicine generated new theories and new methods, study the structure and function of the human body, the human body and the environment (natural and social) relationships, explore and solve the problems of human health, disease, and life sciences. Yiqian himself just simple of think integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines is medical and diagnosis techniques of combines, TCM in the includes Western, or Western in the infiltration has TCM is combines, learn has integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines introduction to Hou only knows it is theory high-level of combines, high-level of should has following several features: byresearch of project or subject specific across discipline nature; by research of problem of solution, has is high of social economic; has application research features, found of new knowledge solution Yu human health. Disease of control and medicine development related of problem useful; can pioneering new of medical research field "2" but I personal feel integrated Chinese and Western medicine is two a completely different of theory system, in theory seems cannot combines, also on in clinical Shang put both combines, like Western surgery of when using some TCM theory, like what overall theory, on can considered to surgery on body of effects, or medicine match Western, first with Western fast symptoms, in with medicine slow root. But the combination of both treatment and diagnosis is a combination of theoretical level, the ultimate goal is to improve diagnosis and treatment of flexible skills, and to better apply in clinical practice.2.My views on integrated Chinese and Western medicinePhilosophy Shang said new things of produced Yu development always rough and twists and turns of, integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines since founding yilai experience has degrees spring of wind, but are decided to of survival has, and increasingly prosperity, integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines of students throughout national, integrated Chinese and Western medicine hospital also varies stands, so said new things instead of old things is history development of must trend, I not said integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines to instead of TCM or Western, but integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines will development to is superior to that both or into tripod of situation.3.My attitude towards traditional Chinese and Western medicineStudies have shown that nearly half of the combination of medical students was "uncertain" attitude, whereas Western medicine nearly half held "very positive" attitude "3" in my own personal experience, until I'm in college I was really not sure combination. Fill volunteer of when, because must professional obedience, this hold with point fluke of psychological can points to TCM professional, but last falls has a integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines, hold with admitted notices, no point happy, even wants to had repetition a years, on like everyone said of as, in the not in the, West not West, neither fish nor fowl of, plus Shang has University zhihou, courses to Western mainly, Western courses hours accounted for total hours of 31.12% "4" TCM of courses good less, feels not combines, is TCM auxiliary Western development, But as you learn more and more things, feeling really can combine Chinese and Western medicine, the teacher will cite examples during class, for example-how do you cure a disease Chinese medicine, Western medicine and how to treat, they only track, but the same destination, disease can also help each other on the way.4.Current situation of combined Chinese and Western medicineSince germination in Chinese and Western medicine to the present, numerous facts prove that new strength is really strong, and in the treatment of a disease that has made an immeasurable contribution to Chinese and Western medicine, such as the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, aplastic anemia, irregular menstruation, viral pneumonia and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus has a significanteffect. Combined Chinese and Western medicine to stimulate the academic development and innovation, has developed in recent years and are now working on some new subject areas, such as pathology, experimental acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture anaesthesia. Secondly, through the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, TCM gradually into the world, but also by Europe and the United States medical community to spread more widely known and "5" is the realization of internationalization of TCM and Western medicine of traditional Chinese medicine have combined to create a series of miracles. But at the same time, because of its history is too short, there are still a lot of shortcomings. Such as: medical school courses arrangements not reasonable, let many students feel "TCM bad, Western didn't learn to" "6", clinical coverage enough widely, still has quite part of blank district; some new results of clinical effect not stable, as treatment acute abdomen; integrated Chinese and Western medicine also limited Yu a disease party of stage, no theory of innovations; also no formed specific of has clinical meaning of theory;5.On the development measures of integrated Chinese and Western medicineBlueprint for the future development of human medicine and Western medicine occupies an essential role. A series combination of how to participate, how promoting integrative research, how to ensure the sustainable development of integrated Chinese and Western medicine, has become the medical profession in particular the combination of several big issues to be discussed. According to the viewpoint of academic celebrity, I end up with several points, as follows:（1）Ideology, must further emancipate the mind, change our concepts, and innovativeMust insisted "West both", bias any party are and love research for, like theory we knows heart not main gods, and brain main gods, put wisdom and feels, high neural of activities attributed to heart, this is East-West each name family of ancestors by made of a common of errors, can face to face on series sets of for gods of heart of rule is, and prescription Shi, we is is powerless, dilemma, cannot will heart main gods to brain main gods "7",Established scientific guiding ideology of integrative medicine, should be based on the most advanced, most scientific theory as guidance, emancipate the mind, respect for science, there would be no dilemma.（2）The lessons learned, the development of innovative, explore high level combined withIntegrated Chinese and Western medicine of combines, including experience levels, and methodology, and theory levels, and discipline function structure levels, and scientific management organization levels, and integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines talent training Shang of penetration combines, so to promoting integrated Chinese and Western medicine combines of development, must promoting above more levels of development, second, efforts innovation, combines era of pace, technology of progress, instrument auxiliary TCM, TCM into Western, from each aspects combines, promoting more high-level of combines.（3）Solidarity medicine collaborative researchIntegrative medicine is to include two research rely solely on one hand too hardfor something, so must rely on Western medicine joint collaboration, organization of Chinese and Western medicine, including clinical and basic experts from various relevant disciplines, as well as social sciences together, innovation and development, complementarity and mutual assistance to jointly promoting the development of Chinese and Western medicine study on.Integrative medicine is a special medical medical situations, the ultimate goal is for the development of medical science, so in the process of development of Chinese and Western medicine from one another, together, forming medicine with Chinese characteristics, by integrated Chinese and Western medicine and the Chinese modernization of TCM with modern medicine, but retain some unique treatments and eventually achieve the long-term coexistence, self-development, self-improvement. Reference"1" area into a knot when medicine meets Western Beijing publishing company publishing 2005:1-207"2" Zhang wenkang, Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine Chinese medicine press first the eighth chapter overview of theory and methodology of integrated traditional and Western medicine 509-513"3" Chen Yili Fan Duying Zou Yuan investigation report of students knowledge on integrated Chinese and Western medicine with Western medicine Humanities Society Press, December 2006 20th 8th period 13th。
毕业论文外文译文
毕业论文外文译文Due to the increasing globalization and internationalization of the business world, the ability to communicate effectively in a foreign language has become a crucial skill for graduates. However, many studies have shown that traditional language education methods are not always effective in developing this skill. This paper explores the use of communicative language teaching (CLT) as a more effective approach to foreign language instruction.CLT is an approach to language teaching that emphasizes the importance of communication and interactions in the language learning process. Traditional language education methods often focus on grammar and vocabulary drills, which prioritize accuracy over communicative competence. In contrast, CLT promotes the use of authentic materials and real-life situations to encourage learners to actively engage in meaningful communication.One of the main advantages of CLT is that it enhances learners' motivation and engagement in the language learning process. Traditional language education methods can be dry and repetitive, which can lead to boredom and disinterest among learners. In contrast, CLT provides learners with opportunities to use the language in practical, real-life situations, making the learning experience more meaningful and enjoyable.Furthermore, CLT enables learners to develop not only their linguistic competence but also their communicative competence. Communicative competence refers to the ability to use language appropriately and effectively in different social and cultural contexts. Traditional language education methods often prioritizethe acquisition of grammar rules and vocabulary, neglecting the importance of sociolinguistic and pragmatic aspects of language use. In contrast, CLT emphasizes the importance of developing all aspects of communicative competence, including cultural awareness and interpersonal skills.Another advantage of CLT is that it promotes the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Traditional language education methods often focus on rote memorization and repetition, which limit learners' ability to think critically and apply their knowledge to real-life situations. In contrast, CLT encourages learners to engage in meaningful communication, which requires them to think critically, make decisions, and solve problems in the target language.In conclusion, CLT offers several advantages over traditional language education methods. It enhances learners' motivation and engagement, promotes the development of communicative competence, and fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Therefore, it can be a more effective approach to foreign language instruction in the context of increasing globalization and internationalization.。
英文论文格式范文
英文论文格式范文《English Paper Format Sample》Title: The Impact of Technology on Language Learning Introduction:Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, and its impact on education, specifically language learning, has been substantial. This paper aims to explore the influence of technology on language learning and the ways in which it has revolutionized the way individuals acquire and master a new language.Body:1. The Role of Technology in Language LearningIn the past, language learning primarily involved textbooks, audio tapes, and face-to-face interactions with teachers. However, with the advent of technology, individuals now have access to a wide array of resources such as language learning apps, online courses, and interactive software. These tools have not only made language learning more accessible but also more engaging and personalized.2. The Benefits of Technology in Language Learning Technology has transformed the traditional methods of language learning by providing learners with the ability to practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in a virtual environment. Additionally, learners can interact with native speakers throughvideo calls and social media platforms, enabling them to immerse themselves in the language and culture.3. The Challenges of Technology in Language LearningWhile technology has undeniably improved language learning, it also presents challenges such as the potential for distraction and information overload. Furthermore, some individuals may struggle to adapt to new software or feel overwhelmed by the multitude of options available.Conclusion:In conclusion, technology has revolutionized the way individuals learn languages by providing them with innovative and interactive resources. While it has its challenges, the benefits of technology in language learning far outweigh its drawbacks. As technology continues to advance, its impact on language learning will only become more profound.References:Smith, J. (2019). The Impact of Technology on Language Learning. Journal of Language Education, 15(2), 67-78.Brown, S. (2018). Language Learning in the Digital Age. New York: Routledge.。
英文论文总结范文
Introduction:In recent years, technology has become an integral part of our lives, transforming various sectors, including education. The integration of technology in the educational field has led to significant changes in teaching methods, learning experiences, and overall academic performance. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of technology on education, discussing its advantages, challenges, andfuture prospects.Advantages of Technology in Education:1. Enhanced Learning Experience:Technology has revolutionized the way students learn. With the use of interactive multimedia tools, such as videos, simulations, and virtual reality, students can engage with the subject matter more effectively. This active learning approach fosters better understanding and retention of information.2. Access to a Wealth of Resources:The internet has made a vast array of educational resources readily available to students and teachers. Online libraries, educational websites, and e-books provide access to a wide range of materials, enabling students to explore various topics beyond the limitations of traditional textbooks.3. Personalized Learning:Technology allows for personalized learning experiences. Adaptive learning platforms can tailor the learning content and pace toindividual student needs, ensuring that each student receives the appropriate level of support and challenge.4. Collaboration and Communication:Technology facilitates collaboration among students and teachers, regardless of geographical barriers. Online discussion forums, videoconferencing, and collaborative tools enable students to work together on projects, enhancing their teamwork and communication skills.Challenges of Technology in Education:1. Digital Divide:The digital divide refers to the gap between individuals with and without access to digital technology. This disparity can hinder educational opportunities for underprivileged students, as they may not have access to the necessary devices and internet connectivity.2. Overreliance on Technology:An excessive reliance on technology can lead to reduced criticalthinking and problem-solving skills. Students may become dependent on digital tools for answers, rather than developing their own analytical abilities.3. Privacy and Security Concerns:The use of technology in education raises concerns about data privacy and security. Schools must ensure that students' personal information is protected from unauthorized access and misuse.Future Prospects:1. Integration of Artificial Intelligence:The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education holds great potential. AI-powered tools can provide personalized learning experiences, automate administrative tasks, and assist teachers in identifying struggling students.2. Expansion of Online Education:The global pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online education. As technology continues to advance, online learning platforms are expected to become more sophisticated, offering a wider range of courses and interactive experiences.3. Teacher Training and Professional Development:To fully leverage technology in education, teachers need to be well-trained and up-to-date with the latest tools and methodologies. Continuous professional development programs are crucial to ensure that educators can effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices.Conclusion:The impact of technology on education is undeniable. While it offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced learning experiences, personalized learning, and improved collaboration, it also presents challengesrelated to the digital divide, overreliance on technology, and privacy concerns. To harness the full potential of technology in education, itis essential to address these challenges and invest in teacher training, infrastructure, and policies that promote equitable access to digital resources. As technology continues to evolve, the future of education looks promising, with innovative tools and methodologies shaping the way students learn and succeed.。
英文版论文范文
英文版论文范文Abstract:The proliferation of social media platforms hasrevolutionized the way individuals communicate and interact. However, the influence of these platforms on the mentalhealth of adolescents has become a topic of significant concern. This paper explores the multifaceted impact ofsocial media on the emotional well-being and cognitive development of young individuals, highlighting both the positive and negative aspects.Introduction:The digital age has ushered in an era of unparalleled connectivity, with social media at the forefront of this change. Adolescents, in particular, have integrated these platforms into their daily lives, leading to a surge in research examining the implications for their mental health. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the subject.Literature Review:A review of the literature reveals a complex relationship between social media use and adolescent mental health. On one hand, social media can foster a sense of community andprovide a platform for self-expression and identity formation. On the other hand, excessive use has been linked to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.Methodology:This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys and interviews withqualitative data from content analysis of social media posts. Participants were selected from a diverse range of backgrounds to ensure a representative sample.Results:The findings indicate that while social media can offer support networks and opportunities for learning and growth,it also presents challenges. The constant comparison with others, cyberbullying, and fear of missing out (FOMO) were identified as key factors contributing to negative mental health outcomes.Discussion:The discussion section delves into the implications of these findings, considering the role of social media in shaping adolescent self-esteem and social identity. It also addresses the potential for interventions, such as digital literacy programs and parental guidance, to mitigate the adverse effects of social media.Conclusion:The conclusion emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to social media use among adolescents. It suggests that while complete avoidance is impractical, education and awareness can help young people navigate the digital landscape with a greater understanding of the potential risks and benefits.Recommendations for Future Research:Future research should focus on developing more nuanced understandings of how different types of social media interactions impact mental health. Additionally, longitudinal studies could provide insights into the long-term effects of social media use on adolescent development.References:A comprehensive list of references is included, citing the works of scholars and researchers who have contributed to the body of knowledge on social media and adolescent mental health.。
毕业论文的外文译文
毕业论文的外文译文Due to the increasing importance of communication and cooperation in today's globalized world, businesses are constantly looking for ways to improve their cross-cultural communication skills. One area where these skills are crucial is in the internationalization of companies, where firms require a deep understanding of the cultural differences in order to be successful. This requires a comprehensive understanding of not only language, but also the cultural norms and values of the target market. In this thesis, we will explore the importance of cross-cultural communication in international businesses and how it can be improved.The primary challenge in cross-cultural communication is the language barrier. While English is the dominant language in international business, many firms find that it's not enough to communicate effectively with their target market. There are cultural differences in the way people use language, as well as differences in nonverbal communication such as body language and facial expressions. For instance, in Japan, it's common to nod and smile even if one does not agree with astatement, whereas in the United States, a lack of disagreement often means agreement. These differences can lead to misunderstandings in business conversations, which can ultimately harm business relationships.In order to overcome these language barriers, companies need to invest in language training for their employees. This training should focus not only on the language itself, but also on the cultural norms and values associated with the language. For example, a Japanese training program might teach students about the concepts of harmony and respect in Japanese culture, and how these values influence the way people communicate with each other. By understanding these cultural norms, employees will be able to communicate more effectively with their Japanese counterparts.Another challenge in cross-cultural communication is understanding the cultural context of business interactions. In some cultures, business is conducted in a more formal manner, with a strong emphasis on hierarchy and protocol. In other cultures, business is more informal and relaxed. Companies need to understand these differences in order to work effectively in international markets.To overcome these context challenges, companies should incorporate cultural training into their employee training programs. Cultural training should focus on the history, customs, and traditions of the target market. It should also address the specific business practices and protocol required for success in that market.In conclusion, cross-cultural communication is a key determinant of success in international businesses. In order to succeed in foreign markets, companies must have a deep understanding of the language, cultural norms, and values of their target market. This requires a comprehensive training program that not only focuses on language skills, but also on the cultural context of business interactions. With the right training and support, companies can improve their cross-cultural communication skills and achieve success in global markets.。
毕业设计(论文)dos攻击方式的研究及实现
DoS攻击方式的研究及实现摘要：本文在对两种攻击方式的具体分析后，归纳出当前流行的DoS攻击方式的主要特点，并根据攻击的特点提供一些针对这些攻击的防御方法。
通过查阅各种攻击手段的资料，对其代码进行研究，用代码实现两种攻击程序，然后在特定的环境下，模拟了攻击测试，并对测试结果进行比较、分析。
关键字：套接字；报文；拒绝服务；资源衰竭；缓冲区；校验和；广播；带宽耗用目录引言........................................................................................................................................ - 3 - 1 问题的提出............................................................................................................. - 3 -1.1 DoS攻击的概念............................................................................................................ - 3 -1.2 DoS攻击类型................................................................................................................ - 3 -1.3 两种攻击方式分析....................................................................................................... - 4 -2 基于DoS攻击的分析和设计........................................................... - 9 -2.1 功能需求....................................................................................................................... - 9 -2.2 性能需求....................................................................................................................... - 9 -2.3 系统结构图................................................................................................................. - 10 -2.4 数据流程图................................................................................................................. - 11 -3 程序实现 ................................................................................................................. - 13 -3.1 实现SYN FLOOD ..................................................................................................... - 13 -3.2 实现SMURF .............................................................................................................. - 15 -4 攻击测试 ................................................................................................................. - 21 -攻击实例............................................................................................................................ - 21 -4.2 防御方法..................................................................................................................... - 24 - 结论...................................................................................................................................... - 26 - 致谢...................................................................................................................................... - 26 - 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ - 26 -引言随着信息技术特别是网络技术的不断发展，国际互联网的全球化热潮使人类社会进入了一个新的信息时代。
英语论文范文
英语论文范文英语论文范文Title: The Impact of Social Media on SocietyIntroduction:The rise of social media platforms in recent years has had a significant impact on society. With billions of people using these platforms daily, it is crucial to understand the implications they have on individuals, communities, and society as a whole. This paper aims to explore the various ways in which social media has influenced people's behavior, communication patterns, and overall social dynamics.Body:1. Increased connectivity:Social media has undoubtedly increased connectivity among individuals. It has revolutionized how people communicate, enabling instant and global connections. Friends, family members, and even strangers can now stay connected regardless of geographical barriers. This connectivity has fostered a sense of community, allowing individuals to share their thoughts, experiences, and ideas with a broader audience.2. Impacts on mental health:However, the excessive use of social media has also been linked to negative mental health outcomes. Studies have shown that the constant exposure to carefully curated and unattainable representations of other people's lives on social media platformscan lead to feelings of envy, low self-esteem, and depression. Furthermore, the addictive nature of social media can result in poor attention span, sleep disturbances, and anxiety.3. Influence on politics and social movements:Social media has played a crucial role in influencing politics and social movements across the globe. It has given a voice to marginalized groups, enabling them to organize protests, spread awareness, and challenge the status quo. However, it has also been associated with the dissemination of misinformation, polarizing opinions, and the creation of echo chambers, where individuals are exposed only to information that aligns with their existing beliefs.4. Impact on privacy and personal information:The widespread use of social media has raised concerns about privacy and the protection of personal information. Social media platforms collect vast amounts of data about their users, including their preferences, location, and online behaviors. This has led to concerns about data breaches, identity theft, and the misuse of personal information by third parties.Conclusion:Social media has brought about both positive and negative consequences for society. It has revolutionized how people connect, allowing for global communication and the sharing of ideas. However, it has also been linked to negative mental health outcomes, influenced politics and social movements, and raised concerns about privacy. It is essential for individuals and society at large to be aware of the potential impacts of social media and to use these platforms responsibly.。
英文版毕业论文范文
英文版毕业论文范文Abstract:The pervasive influence of social media in contemporary society has raised concerns about its impact on the mental health of young individuals. This study aims to explore the relationship between social media usage and mental health outcomes among adolescents and young adults, focusing on the potential risks and benefits associated with this digital engagement.Introduction:The digital age has ushered in a new era of communication, with social media platforms becoming integral to the daily lives of many, particularly the youth. While these platforms offer numerous advantages, such as connectivity and information sharing, they also present potential risks to mental well-being. This paper reviews the existing literature on the impact of social media on youth mental health, examining both positive and negative effects.Literature Review:A comprehensive review of the literature reveals a complex relationship between social media use and mental health. Studies have identified associations between excessive social media use and increased levels of anxiety, depression, and loneliness among young people. Conversely, some research suggests that social media can foster a sense of community and support, which can be beneficial for mental health.Methodology:This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to assess the impact of social media on a sample of 300 adolescents and young adults. Surveys were used to collect data on social media usage patterns and mental health symptoms, while interviews provided in-depth insights into participants' experiences and perceptions.Results:Quantitative findings indicate a significant correlation between the amount of time spent on social media and the prevalence of mental health issues. Qualitative data further illuminate the mechanisms by which social media maycontribute to mental health problems, such as social comparison, cyberbullying, and fear of missing out (FOMO).Discussion:The results of this study highlight the need for a balanced approach to social media use among young people. While recognizing the potential benefits of social media, it is crucial to address the associated risks. Recommendations include promoting digital literacy, encouraging mindful use of social media, and providing support for those experiencing mental health challenges related to social media use.Conclusion:Social media is a double-edged sword when it comes to youth mental health. While it offers opportunities for connection and self-expression, it also poses significant risks. It isessential for educators, parents, and policymakers to work collaboratively to mitigate these risks and support the mental health of young individuals in the digital age.References:A list of academic references is included, citing the sources used throughout the paper to support the research findings and arguments presented.Appendices:Any supplementary materials, such as survey questionnaires or interview protocols, are provided in the appendices for transparency and replicability of the study.。
毕业论文外文资料原文译文
The Network is the PlatformAbstract：The network is the most cost-effective platform companies can use to integrate complex interactions for increased value and growthMost chief executive officers (CEOs) today are concerned about growth - and building their companies' capacity to grow, according to Cisco CEO John Chambers. "It doesn't matter where we are in the world," says Chambers. "Wherever I go, the first thing CEOs talk about is growth.""The second thing they want to discuss is how to build in the capability to grow, to use information technology (IT) to help enable - and perhaps even change - their business strategy, and how to do that with flexibility and agility," he adds.Today, business leaders are realizing that, by increasing the value of each transaction rather than simply trying to increase the number of transactions, they can enjoy a greater growth trajectory and better return on investment. By encouraging employees, partners and vendors to work more creatively and providing them with the IT tools to be more effective in their roles, companies are successfully transforming simple transactions into much more valuable interactions."In the next decade or two, interactions will bring a whole new level of innovation to us -- the ability to drive productivity at results that are five, ten maybe twelve times greater than what we have seen in the past. And one of the technologies that helps them increase the value of their transactions - and to move from transactions to interactions - is the network," Chambers explains.The Interactions NetThis 'Interactions Net' - an evolution of the way people communicate - signals that the technology sector's center of gravity is shifting to a standards-based platform: the Internet Protocol (IP) network. In this context, a platform has three basic attributes: it is based on open standards or interfaces; it is extensible and customizable, providing new market development possibilities; and it is pervasive. When these characteristics align, a huge new window of opportunity opens.As this new phase of interactions-centric development unfolds, the ubiquity and extensibility of IP is being combined with new levels of intelligence and capability to create the right network to serve as the basis for real-time business interactions. And the applications of the future are increasingly empowered by this network platform."The network is no longer just infrastructure, not just bandwidth," Chambers observes. "Instead, it is emerging as a secure platform for delivering the customized experience that 21st century consumers expect - whether that means delivering new services as a carrier, boosting productivity for businesses of any size or consumers looking for real-time, personalized entertainment and services." Blogs, wikis, social networks and collaborative applications all exemplify the new types of communication environment that the network enables."As the ever-more-intelligent network evolves into a platform, each of us will be able to communicate from any device and in whatever mode we choose," Chambers says. As the center of the Interactions Net, the network itself is emerging as an important IT platform - like the microprocessor, which has led innovation for the past 25 years. And the emergence of the network as a platform is changing the entire value chain of IT and placing the network squarely at the center of innovation: as many as 14 billion devices will be connected to the Internet by 2010, fueled by more and more computing tasks now being handled online, from phone calls to personalized searches to downloading entertainment.The communications transformation has many facets:Storage provides an example of this evolution. "Our storage at Cisco is used much more intelligently today than it was just a few years ago," Chambers points out. "More and more, we're using a network-based, intelligent storage model in which resources are added to and deleted from the network independent of the applications they support. Instead of allocating storage to particular processor tasks, we just put it up on the network, make it available and the network can intelligently map which resources go with which application resources." This virtualization increased storageutilization by 20 to 30 percent, dramatically increased operational efficiency and led to millions of dollars in annual savings.The Communications Company of the FutureCisco is leading the transition to a network-centric technology environment. By combining its core strength (IP) with intelligence, the company is creating a powerful communications platform that will serve as the basis for the convergence of data, voice, video and mobile communications systems in a secure, integrated architecture. The success that Cisco has achieved in recent years has come from continuously planning three to five years ahead, thereby managing to get ahead of important market transitions. That foresight continues to be the basis of its strategy moving forward. "Historically, the transitions we've been a part of have been technological; they've been relatively orderly and predictable," Chambers notes. "Now, however, we're seeing a wider-reaching, more dramatic transition. So our ability to predict successfully where the market will go is even more critical and offers much greater potential import for the company."Recent moves outline the company's strategy for maintaining its leadership position as the Interactions Net takes shape over the next decade. For example, Cisco has named three new 'Advanced Technology' markets that extend the company's position across the service provider, consumer and business environments. (Advanced Technologies are areas with the potential to create billion-dollar revenue streams; they also expand the Cisco value proposition to customers, as each is integrated into the core of the network.) These recent announcements - Linksys One, the intent to acquire Scientific Atlanta, and Application Services - underscore the company's firm commitment to its long-term architecture strategy."We continue to predict the directions we think the market will take," says Chambers. "These Advanced Technologies are indicative of how we believe the network will become the preferred service platform of the future."Whereas in the past, investment was focused primarily around applications that were built on microprocessor-based platforms (e.g., work stations, servers, desktops, laptops) and the applications they used, C isco believes that future investment will shift to applications that rely more on the network as the platform for their delivery. Real-time interactions are the future of business. As the network becomes a platform and changes the entire IT value chain, companies that take advantage of it will bebetter positioned to facilitate - and successfully manage - those interactions for future growth and increased value.网络就是一个平台网络作为最具成本效益的公司可以整合其增值和成长之间复杂的相互作用当今大部分行政人员（行政总裁）都在关注的成长和培养自己公司的这种成长的能力-此话出自于思科公司的首席执行官约翰钱伯斯。
英文文献书面总结范文
Introduction:With the rapid development of technology, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. Teenagers, being the most active users of social media, are exposed to various online content and interactions. This study aims to analyze the impact of social media on teenagers' mental health and explore the potential consequences of excessive social media use.Methodology:The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. A sample of 200 teenagers aged between 13 and 19 years was selected through convenience sampling. The participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire that measured their social media usage patterns, mental health status, and demographics. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with a subset of the participants to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences with social media and its impact on their mental health.Results:The results revealed that social media usage among teenagers is significantly associated with their mental health. The following key findings were observed:1. Increased anxiety and depression: Teenagers who reported higherlevels of social media usage exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression. This could be attributed to the constant exposure to idealized images and lifestyles portrayed on social media platforms, leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.2. Sleep disturbances: Excessive social media use, particularly before bedtime, was found to disrupt sleep patterns among teenagers. This could be due to the blue light emitted by screens, which inhibits the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep.3. Cyberbullying: Social media has become a platform for cyberbullying, with teenagers experiencing emotional and psychological abuse online.This has severe consequences on their mental health, leading to increased levels of anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts.4. Social isolation: Despite being connected through social media, teenagers may experience social isolation due to the superficial nature of online interactions. This can lead to a lack of genuine connections and support, further exacerbating mental health issues.Conclusion:The study concludes that social media usage has a significant impact on teenagers' mental health. Increased anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cyberbullying, and social isolation are some of the potential consequences of excessive social media use. It is crucial for parents, educators, and policymakers to be aware of these risks and take proactive measures to promote healthy social media habits among teenagers. Furthermore, social media platforms should be held accountable for their role in fostering a positive online environment and addressing issues such as cyberbullying and the spread of harmful content.Keywords: Social media, teenagers, mental health, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cyberbullying, social isolation。
网络攻击与防范毕业论文范
四川师范大学本科毕业论文题目网络攻击与防范系部名称计算机科学系专业软件工程学号 XXXXXXXX学生姓名 XXXXX 指导教师 XXXXXXX内容摘要谈到网络安全问题，就没法不谈黑客（Hacker）。
黑客是指对计算机某一领域有着深入的理解，并且十分热衷于潜入他人计算机、窃取非公开信息的人。
每一个对互联网络的知识十分了解的人，都有可能成为黑客。
翻开1998年日本出版的《新黑客字典》，可以看到上面对黑客的定义是：“喜欢探索软件程序奥秘，并从中增长其个人才干的人。
”显然，“黑客”一语原来并没有丝毫的贬义成分，直到后来，少数怀有不良的企图，利用非法手段获得的系统讯问权去闯入运程机器系统、破坏重要数据，或为了自己的私利而制造麻烦的具有恶意行为的人慢慢玷污了“黑客”的名声，“黑客”才逐渐演变成入侵者、破坏者的代名词。
目前，“黑客”已成为一个特殊的社会群体，在欧美等国有不少合法的黑客组织，黑客们经常召开黑客技术交流会，另一方面，黑客组织在因特网上利用自己的网站上介绍黑客攻击手段，免费提供各种黑客工具软件、出版网上黑客杂志，这使得普通人也探测容易下载并学会使用一些简单的黑客手段或工具对网络进行某种程序的攻击，进一步恶化了网络安全环境。
本文首先阐述目前计算机网络中存在的安全问题及计算机网络安全的重要性，接着分析黑客网络攻击常见方法及攻击的一般过程，最后分析针对这些攻击的特点采取的防范措施。
关键字：网络安全，DOS，DDOS 攻击，ARP目录绪论 (1)第一章我国网络安全现状 (2)第二章黑客进行网络攻击的一般过程 (5)1 收集信息 (5)2 系统安全弱点的探测 (6)3 建立模拟环境进行攻击 (6)4 具体实施网络攻击 (6)第三章网络安全检测与防范 (7)1 网络级安全检测与防范 (7)2 常规安全检测与防范 (8)3 优化路由和网络结构 (9)第四章常见网络攻击的具体过程及防范的方法 (10)（一） DoS与DDoS攻击原理及其防范 (10)1Dos攻击原理及方式 (10)2 DDos攻击 (13)3 Trinoo攻击软件进行DDos攻击实例 (15)4 DoS与DDoS攻击的检测与防范 (16)（二） ARP攻击原理及其防范 (18)1 ARP攻击原理 (18)2 ARP攻击的主要方式 (19)3 ARP攻击的防范 (20)总结 (22)参考文献 (23)致谢 (24)绪论随着计算机网络的发展，网络的开放性、共享性、互连程度随之扩大。
毕业论文外文翻译范例
外文原文(一)Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciple s*M. H. HoeflichFriedrich Carl von Savigny, nobleman, law reformer, champion of the revived German professoriate, and founder of the Historical School of jurisprudence, not only helped to revolutionize the study of law and legal institutions in Germany and in other civil law countries, but also exercised a profound influence on many of the most creative jurists and legal scholars in England and the United States. Nevertheless, tracing the influence of an individual is always a difficult task. It is especially difficult as regards Savigny and the approach to law and legal sources propounded by the Historical School. This difficulty arises, in part, because Savigny was not alone in adopting this approach. Hugo, for instance, espoused quite similar ideas in Germany; George Long echoed many of these concepts in England during the 1850s, and, of course, Sir Henry Sumner Maine also espoused many of these same concepts central to historical jurisprudence in England in the 1860s and 1870s. Thus, when one looks at the doctrinal writings of British and American jurists and legal scholars in the period before 1875, it is often impossible to say with any certainty that a particular idea which sounds very much the sort of thing that might, indeed, have been derived from Savigny's works, was, in fact, so derived. It is possible, nevertheless, to trace much of the influence of Savigny and his legal writings in the United States and in Great Britain during this period with some certainty because so great was his fame and so great was the respect accorded to his published work that explicit references to him and to his work abound in the doctrinal writing of this period, as well as in actual law cases in the courts. Thus, Max Gutzwiller, in his classic study Der einfluss Savignys auf die Entwicklung des International privatrechts, was able to show how Savigny's ideas on conflict of laws influenced such English and American scholars as Story, Phillimore, Burge, and Dicey. Similarly, Andreas Schwarz, in his "Einflusse Deutscher Zivilistik im Auslande," briefly sketched Savigny's influence upon John Austin, Frederick Pollock, and James Bryce. In this article I wish to examine Savigny's influence over a broader spectrum and to draw a picture of his general fame and reputation both in Britain and in the United States as the leading Romanist, legal historian, and German legal academic of his day. The picture of this Anglo-American respect accorded to Savigny and the historical school of jurisprudence which emerges from these sources is fascinating. It sheds light not only upon Savigny’s trans-channel, trans-Atlantic fame, but also upon the extraordinarily*M.H.Hoeflich, Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciples, American Journal of Comparative Law, vol.37, No.1, 1989.cosmopolitan outlook of many of the leading American and English jurists of the time. Of course, when one sets out to trace the influence of a particular individual and his work, it is necessary to demonstrate, if possible, precisely how knowledge of the man and his work was transmitted. In the case of Savigny and his work on Roman law and ideas of historical jurisprudence, there were three principal modes of transmission. First, there was the direct influence he exercised through his contacts with American lawyers and scholars. Second, there was the influence he exercised through his books. Third, there was the influence he exerted indirectly through intermediate scholars and their works. Let us examine each mode separately.I.INFLUENCE OF THE TRANSLATED WORKSWhile American and British interest in German legal scholarship was high in the antebellum period, the number of American and English jurists who could read German fluently was relatively low. Even those who borrowed from the Germans, for instance, Joseph Story, most often had to depend upon translations. It is thus quite important that Savigny’s works were amongst the most frequently translated into English, both in the United States and in Great Britain. His most influential early work, the Vom Beruf unserer Zeitfur Rechtsgeschichte und Gestzgebung, was translated into English by Abraham Hayward and published in London in 1831. Two years earlier the first volume of his History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages was translated by Cathcart and published in Edinburgh. In 1830, as well, a French translation was published at Paris. Sir Erskine Perry's translation of Savigny's Treatise on Possession was published in London in 1848. This was followed by Archibald Brown's epitome of the treatise on possession in 1872 and Rattigan's translation of the second volume of the System as Jural Relations or the Law of Persons in 1884. Guthrie published a translation of the seventh volume of the System as Private International Law at Edinburgh in 1869. Indeed, two English translations were even published in the far flung corners of the British Raj. A translation of the first volume of the System was published by William Holloway at Madras in 1867 and the volume on possession was translated by Kelleher and published at Calcutta in 1888. Thus, the determined English-speaking scholar had ample access to Savigny's works throughout the nineteenth century.Equally important for the dissemination of Savigny's ideas were those books and articles published in English that explained and analyzed his works. A number of these must have played an important role in this process. One of the earliest of these is John Reddie's Historical Notices of the Roman law and of the Progress of its Study in Germany, published at Edinburgh in 1826. Reddie was a noted Scots jurist and held the Gottingen J.U.D. The book, significantly, is dedicated to Gustav Hugo. It is of that genre known as an external history of Roman law-not so much a history of substantive Roman legal doctrine but rather a historyof Roman legal institutions and of the study of Roman law from antiquity through the nineteenth century. It is very much a polemic for the study of Roman law and for the Historical School. It imparts to the reader the excitement of Savigny and his followers about the study of law historically and it is clear that no reader of the work could possibly be left unmoved. It is, in short, the first work of public relations in English on behalf of Savigny and his ideas.Having mentioned Reddie's promotion of Savigny and the Historical School, it is important to understand the level of excitement with which things Roman and especially Roman law were greeted during this period. Many of the finest American jurists were attracted-to use Peter Stein's term-to Roman and Civil law, but attracted in a way that, at times, seems to have been more enthusiastic than intellectual. Similarly, Roman and Civil law excited much interest in Great Britain, as illustrated by the distinctly Roman influence to be found in the work of John Austin. The attraction of Roman and Civil law can be illustrated and best understood, perhaps, in the context of the publicity and excitement in the English-speaking world surrounding the discovery of the only complete manuscript of the classical Roman jurist Gaius' Institutes in Italy in 1816 by the ancient historian and German consul at Rome, B.G. Niebuhr. Niebuhr, the greatest ancient historian of his time, turned to Savigny for help with the Gaius manuscript (indeed, it was Savigny who recognized the manuscript for what it was) and, almost immediately, the books and journals-not just law journals by any means-were filled with accounts of the discovery, its importance to legal historical studies, and, of course, what it said. For instance, the second volume of the American Jurist contains a long article on the civil law by the scholarly Boston lawyer and classicist, John Pickering. The first quarter of the article is a gushing account of the discovery and first publication of the Gaius manuscript and a paean to Niebuhr and Savigny for their role in this. Similarly, in an article published in the London Law Magazine in 1829 on the civil law, the author contemptuously refers to a certain professor who continued to tell his students that the text of Gaius' Institutes was lost for all time. What could better show his ignorance of all things legal and literary than to be unaware of Niebuhr's great discovery?Another example of this reaction to the discovery of the Gaius palimpsest is to be found in David Irving's Introduction to the Study of the Civil Law. This volume is also more a history of Roman legal scholarship and sources than a study of substantive Roman law. Its pages are filled with references to Savigny's Geschichte and its approach clearly reflects the influence of the Historical School. Indeed, Irving speaks of Savigny's work as "one of the most remarkable productions of the age." He must have been truly impressed with German scholarship and must also have been able to convince the Faculty of Advocates, forwhom he was librarian, of the worth of German scholarship, for in 1820 the Faculty sent him to Gottingen so that he might study their law libraries. Irving devotes several pages of his elementary textbook on Roman law to the praise of the "remarkable" discovery of the Gaius palimpsest. He traces the discovery of the text by Niebuhr and Savigny in language that would have befitted an adventure tale. He elaborates on the various labors required to produce a new edition of the text and was particularly impressed by the use of a then new chemical process to make the under text of the palimpsest visible. He speaks of the reception of the new text as being greeted with "ardor and exultation" strong words for those who spend their lives amidst the "musty tomes" of the Roman law.This excitement over the Verona Gaius is really rather strange. Much of the substance of the Gaius text was already known to legal historians and civil lawyers from its incorporation into Justinian's Institutes and so, from a substantive legal perspective, the find was not crucial. The Gaius did provide new information on Roman procedural rules and it did also provide additional information for those scholars attempting to reconstruct pre-Justinianic Roman law. Nevertheless, these contributions alone seem hardly able to justify the excitement the discovery caused. Instead, I think that the Verona Gaius discovery simply hit a chord in the literary and legal community much the same as did the discovery of the Rosetta Stone or of Schliemann’s Troy. Here was a monument of a great civilization brought newly to light and able to be read for the first time in millenia. And just as the Rosetta Stone helped to establish the modern discipline of Egyptology and Schliemann's discoveries assured the development of classical archaeology as a modern academic discipline, the discovery of the Verona Gaius added to the attraction Roman law held for scholars and for lawyers, even amongst those who were not Romanists by profession. Ancillary to this, the discovery and publication of the Gaius manuscript also added to the fame of the two principals involved in the discovery, Niebuhr and Savigny. What this meant in the English-speaking world is that even those who could not or did not wish to read Savigny's technical works knew of him as one of the discoverers of the Gaius text. This fame itself may well have helped in spreading Savigny's legal and philosophical ideas, for, I would suggest, the Gaius "connection" may well have disposed people to read other of Savigny's writings, unconnected to the Gaius, because they were already familiar with his name.Another example of an English-speaking promoter of Savigny is Luther Stearns Cushing, a noted Boston lawyer who lectured on Roman law at the Harvard Law School in 1848-49 and again in 1851- 1852.Cushing published his lectures at Boston in 1854 under the title An Introduction to the Study of Roman Law. He devoted a full chapter to a description of the historical school and to the controversy betweenSavigny and Thibaut over codification. While Cushing attempted to portray fairly the arguments of both sides, he left no doubt as to his preference for Savigny's approach:The labors of the historical school have established an entirely new and distinct era in the study of the Roman jurisprudence; and though these writers cannot be said to have thrown their predecessors into the shade, it seems to be generally admitted, that almost every branch of the Roman law has received some important modification at their hands, and that a knowledge of their writings, to some extent, at least, is essentially necessary to its acquisition.译文(一)萨维尼和他的英美信徒们*M·H·豪弗里奇弗雷德里奇·卡尔·冯·萨维尼出身贵族，是一位出色的法律改革家，也是一位倡导重建德国教授协会的拥护者，还是历史法学派的创建人之一。
毕业论文摘要范文（中英双语）
摘要企业发展战略就是企业为寻求和维持持久竞争优势而作出的有关全局的筹划和谋略，企业要在激烈的市场竟争中适应环境的变化，准确、有效地把握在环境变化中不断涌现的机遇和商机，并不断得到发展壮大，必须有明晰的企业发展战略。
2010年，在经济刺激计划和宽松货币政策的支撑下，世界经济复苏势头较为强劲。
进入2011年以来，世界经济短期向好，但是面临多方面复杂因素：地震和海啸致使日本经济陷入负增长，中东北非局势动荡不安，欧洲主权债务危机愈演愈烈，美国国债危机导致主权信用等级下调，大宗商品价格上涨引发新兴经济体通胀压力增大。
这为世界经济增长带来新的不确定性，加上各国经济刺激计划基本结束，世界经济、贸易和工业生产难以保持2010年的反弹性增长，增速明显放缓。
在全球经济日益一体化发展的今天，中国做为全球最大的新兴经济体，不可避免地将受到严重影响，人民币不断升值、大宗原材料价格快速上涨、技术工人短缺及汽车行业发展放缓，致使企业竞争加剧，利润空间下滑，企业面临着严竣的外部环境。
在新经济形势下求生存，在激烈竞争下求发展，在发展战略角度下寻求企业更大的发展空间，成为急切的研究课题。
本文从企业战略管理的基本理论出发，应用企业战略管理的分析模型和方法，结合及汽车散热器制造业的行业特点，对法拉达公司在新经济形势下的企业发展战略进行研究，从而确定适合公司发展的发展战略及实施发展战略的措施，为公司的下一步发展指明了明确的方向。
关键词：法拉达公司；汽车散热器制造业；发展战略Abstra ct:The Plansand strate giesthat an enterp risemade for seekin g and mainta ining long-term compet itive edge are the enterp risedevelo pment strate gy. A busine ss enterp risemust have a cleardevelo pment strate gy if he wantsto adaptto enviro nment al change s, to accura telyand effect ively seizethe opport unity with it and make consta nt develo pment and progre ss in the intens e market compet ition.In 2010, the worldeconom y recove red more robust ly in suppor t of the Stimul us Packag e and Quanti tativ e Easing Policy. Since2011, the worldeconom y contin ued to improv e in shortterm, but facedcomple x factor s in many ways: the earthquakeand tsunam i plunge d Japane se econom y into negati ve growth, the turbul encein Middle East and NorthAfrica, the increa singl y fierce ly sovere ign-debt crisis in Europe, debt crisis in the U.S led it's sovereign credit rating to be lowere d, bulk commod ity pricerise trigge red Emergi ng Economies beingunderpressu re. All thesebrough t freshuncert ainty to worldeconom ic growth. In additi on, the stimul us packag e of countr ies has basica lly come to an end, the worldeconom y, tradeand indust rialproduc tionhave diffic ultie s to mainta in reboun d growth2010 leveland slow down obviou sly. Facing the econom ic global izati on, China, as the world's larges t Emergi ng Econom ies, inevit ablywill be put underbad influe nce of the apprec iatio n of Chines e Yuan, the rapidrising of raw materi al price, the shorta ge of skille d worker s, the slowdo wn of motorindust ry, the stingi ng compet ition amongenterp rises, the decrea singof profit and the severe extern al enviro nment. It has become an urgent resear ch subjec t for the compan y to surviv e in the Emergi ng Econom ies, to develo p in fierce compet ition, to seek more room for develo pment form the view of develo pment strate gy.In this thesis, starti ng from the basictheory of Strate gic Manage ment,applyi ng the analyt icalmode and method of it and combin ing the the charac teris ticsof car radiat or manufa cturi ng, weconduc ts a studyof the develo pment strate gy of FaretCompan y undersituat ion of Emergi ng Econom ies, so as to identi fy a suitab le develo pment strate gy and corres pondi ng implem entat ion measur es, to direct a more clearway for compan y's furthe r develo pment.Key words:FaretCompan y; Car Radiat or Manufa cturi ng; Develo pment Strate gy。
关于计算机的英文文献写作范文摘要
关于计算机的英文文献写作范文摘要全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: A Study on the Impact of Computers on SocietyAbstract:Computers have become an integral part of modern society, with their influence pervading all aspects of human life. This study aims to explore the impact of computers on society, focusing on the social, economic, and cultural aspects. The research is based on a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical studies that have investigated the relationship between computers and society.The study finds that computers have revolutionized communication and information exchange, leading to a more connected and globalized world. The internet, in particular, has transformed the way people interact, work, and socialize. The rise of social media and online platforms has created new channels for communication and expression, but also raised concerns about privacy and data security.Economically, computers have changed the nature of work and productivity, with automation and artificial intelligence increasingly taking over routine tasks. While this has led to increased efficiencies and innovation, it has also raised questions about job displacement and income inequality. The gig economy and freelance work are becoming more common, as people adapt to the changing landscape of labor.Culturally, computers have influenced the way people consume media, create art, and express themselves. Digital technologies have democratized access to information and creative tools, but also raised issues of authenticity and copyright. The prevalence of online platforms for entertainment and social interaction has reshaped cultural practices and norms.In conclusion, computers have had a profound impact on society, shaping the way people communicate, work, and think. While the benefits of technology are clear, it is important to consider the social and ethical implications of its widespread adoption. More research is needed to understand the long-term effects of computers on society and to ensure that technology serves the greater good.篇2Title: Writing a Research Paper on ComputersAbstract:This paper discusses the process of writing a research paper on computers. It provides a step-by-step guide on how to effectively research, organize, and write a paper on the topic of computers. The paper outlines the importance of choosing a specific research question, conducting thorough research, and citing sources properly. It also explains how to structure a research paper on computers, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. Additionally, the paper provides tips on how to write clearly and concisely, avoid plagiarism, and revise and edit the paper for clarity and coherence. Overall, this paper serves as a comprehensive guide for students and researchers looking to write a research paper on computers.篇3Title: A Study on Computer Science: Writing Research PapersAbstract:Computer science is a rapidly growing field with a wide array of topics and subfields for researchers to explore. Writing research papers in computer science requires a combination oftechnical expertise and strong writing skills. This paper provides an overview of the key components of a research paper in computer science, along with useful tips and strategies for successful writing.The first step in writing a research paper in computer science is to select a topic that is both interesting and relevant to current advancements in the field. The paper should clearly define the research question or problem to be addressed, along with the objectives and methodology of the study. It is important to review existing literature on the topic to ensure that the research is original and contributes to the existing body of knowledge.The next step is to organize the paper into logical sections, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section should be clearly structured and well-written, with appropriate citations and references to support the claims made in the paper. It is important to use a clear and concise writing style, avoiding unnecessary jargon and technical terms that may confuse the reader.In addition to the technical content of the paper, the writing style and presentation are also important factors to consider. The paper should be well-organized, with a logical flow of ideas andarguments. Charts, tables, and figures can be used to illustrate key points and data, but should be used sparingly and effectively.Finally, the paper should be carefully proofread and edited to ensure that it is free of errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling. It is also important to consider the formatting and citation style required by the target journal or conference. By following these guidelines and tips, researchers can improve the quality of their research papers in computer science and increase their chances of publication and impact in the field.。
3000字英文论文
3000字英文论文篇一：英语3000字论文From mid-2022 to the present, many large international Clothing Buyers to shift their business out of Sri Lanka, into more cheap manufacturing destination. During this time, in seven provinces to close 75 factories, including 24 factories in the past 6 months to close. The survey was conducted in February 2022, is a private advisory body RoyDawson conducted.The survey found that many of the major Sri Lankan Clothing Foreign buyers in the past three years, closed their offices in Sri Lanka, their manufacturing orders to other countries.Procurement office in Sri Lanka Apparel Association registered about 50 major international apparel sourcing units, 12 units in the past three years, closed their offices in Sri Lanka. The major shift procurement office in Singapore, India and Pakistan. Production mainly to India, Bangladesh and Vietnam.So far, about 20 foreign buyers no longer a stable operation in Sri Lanka.A major reason for their transfer business in Sri Lankas production costs are relatively high and unstable security situation is also a Print . For example, buyers find it difficult to dispatch technical personnel to local factories for regular factory monitoring, which is at the security concerns.The survey also found that the seven provinces in the investigation of the 75 garment factories in mid-2022 and 2022, only in the past 6 months, there are 24 factories closed. These factories are mainly located in Katunayake, Biyagama, Koggala and SeethawakaPura the free trade zone. Some factoriesregistered in the Investment Authority, part of the plant in the Ministry of Industrial Development Textile Office. In addition, these garment factories closed due to foreign exchange losses to combat unemployment and other related industries. This includes embroidery factory, garments washing plants, manufacturing plants fold, label manufacturing plant, silk manufacturing units Plastic Rack and the polyethylene bag manufacturing units, transport service providers, shipping agency, freight Proxy Agencies, customs clearing technological transformation, Food Providers, sub-contractors to provide services, such as fabric cutting, ironing and packing.The survey showed that in 1980 and 2022, in Sri Lanka has 650 large, medium and small-scale garment manufacturing plant, to increase the direct employment of 45 million people, 10 million people with indirectemployment. However, since 2022, the termination ofmulti-fiber agreement and the end of export quotas, Sri Lankas garment industry stable contraction.This is mainly due to Sri Lankas apparel manufacturing with other Asian countries compared to the higher cost of production. The current global recession has also hit the apparel industry in the past 6 months, increase the frequency of plant closures. After reading this article,people also read:? ? ? ?? Jul 29.2022 transition InspirationJul 29.2022 Jul 29.2022 Jul 29.2022 Jul 29.2022篇二：快易准英语论文3000字一项攻克世界难题的发明成果──快易准英语不用国际音标准确朗读英文是世界难题，我发明的快易准英语攻克了这个难题。
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“双语”——汉语教学感想
本人是一名初中汉语教师，教学经验尚浅，在我教学过程中，深刻体会到了双语教学的重要性，尤其是对民族学生来讲汉语教学起着十分重要的作用。
今天有一些观点拿来和大家一起交流探讨，希望大家在互动中能够学习进步，并促进教学的发展。
双语教学一直是新疆各中小学教学工作的重点，我主要说明我在双语教学中遇到的问题和我认为可行的措施进行简要的小结。
我是刚刚步入教学岗位的年轻的大学生，来到农村双语教学岗位感觉很新鲜，同时也感到自身责任的重大，因为农村的学校教学条件有限，师资力量不够，学生的基础很差，对我来说都是很大的挑战，我做好了充分的准备来面对这个繁重而又艰巨的任务。
只有学好汉语，只有抓好双语教育，才能提高教学质量。
通过一年的教学工作，我已经学会了如何去在教学中应用自己的能力，并发挥应有的作用。
教学工作给我带来了快乐同时也有很多苦恼，这些都是积累的宝贵经验，希望和大家交流能共同进步。
对我的教学工作我总结了一些不足的方面和改进的措施，下面和大家一起探讨。
存在的主要问题有：
一、学生对汉字的掌握不牢靠，很多学生记不住汉字。
主要表现在平时的作业中很多学生爱写错别字、多音字，碰上看拼音写汉字的题，往往都是错别字，要不然就写不出来。
二、学生在实际生活中说汉语的机会很少，除了在课堂上回答老师问题时说汉语，平时基本不说。
这主要是学生的生活环境决定了没
有太多说汉语的机会，大多数在乡下的民族学生平时接触不到说汉语的人，从小习惯了用维语交流，如果刻意让学生说汉语也不现实，所以很多学生在校时能说几句汉语，回家了基本不会说了。
三、学生对学习汉语的兴趣不是很强烈，多数学生表现出不在乎。
主要的原因我认为有些学生的汉语基础水平差，一开始就没有学会简单的语句，到了高年级随着汉语词汇量和句型的增加越来越感觉学习汉语困难多，又没办法解决，于是就表现出干脆不学。
四、学生的汉语发音很不标准，主要表现在汉语拼音读法错误，音调不准。
由于学生平时生活中不接触说汉语的人，至于音调是否准确，学生也不能确定，只能凭多数学生的读音为标准，这样长期形成了习惯，显得说普通话不标准。
面对存在的问题我认为可采取的措施：
一、针对学生对汉字的记忆不牢靠，我认为采取的主要办法是，加强生字练习，多写汉字，在记忆中教会学生采用字形记忆法，如“语”字可以教给学生采用左右结构记忆出汉字的字形。
平时组织学生多听写汉字，多听多写。
二、针对学生说汉语的机会很少，我认为采取的主要方法是，鼓励学生在平时日常交际中用汉语交流，同学之间可以多应用汉语。
教师和学生平时交流时也用汉语。
在课堂上，教师可以针对性的增加学生主动表达的机会，多说多练，让学生养成说汉语用汉语交流的好习惯，这样以来，学生的汉语口语表达会有很大的进步。
三、针对学生对学习汉语的兴趣不够，我认为可以采用的方法有，
在课堂教学中，兴趣是最好的教师，让孩子们对学习产生兴趣，从枯燥的教学模式中走出来，从那种教师给学生布置学习任务，我要你学，学生被动地学习，被动地接受而转变为学生自己感兴趣，产生强烈的求知欲，感受求知的乐趣，感受获得知识的成就感和欢乐。
双语教学尤其如此，采用激发兴趣的方式导入课程，例如上课时给学生出字谜，让学生猜出来，这样就主动的调动了学生的学习汉字的积极性。
四、针对学生的汉语发音不标准，我认为采取的主要方法是：在教学中重视汉字拼音的练习，多让学生读课文，如果条件满足，可以用录音机教学，让学生听标准的汉字发音，平时休息时间可以放汉语广播，让学生逐渐掌握汉字发音的规律，养成好的习惯。
然而我认为随着更多的少数民族家长为了子女的前途，择校观念开始更新，他们为自己的孩子选择了一条从小学开始接受汉文化教育的道路；更多的少数民族学生会逐渐开始对汉语学习产生浓厚兴趣，他们会懂得，只有学好汉语，才能了解、接受更多的信息和科技文化。
但是，同时会对自己的母语产生模糊的形式，所以双语教学至关重要，只有提高双语教学质量，很多少数名族家长则会选择双语学校。
这样孩子既掌握了汉语，又不会忘记自己的母语！
让我们双语教师一起齐心协力，共同创造美好“双语”未来，重视汉语教学，重视“双语”。