英语四级应用文辅导讲义

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2020年6月四级专项精讲语法讲义(学生版)何威威

四级语法应用法讲义一、什么是长难句&划分长难句的方法：1.长难句定义：2.长难句划分方法：连动切割法（摘自《考研英语语法真经》第九章）·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础，断开主句和从句。

·长难句划分的具体步骤：【第一步】断开主句和从句：通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。

）【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词：A．识别介词短语：B．识别非谓语动词：二、总结复习句子的主要成分1、主语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当主语：2、谓语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当谓语：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当表语：5、定语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当定语：6、状语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当状语：7、补足语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当补足语：8、同位语：（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当同位语：二、真题实战1.选词填空I①Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture.②There’s no better example of this than killer whales. ③As one of the most __26__ predators（食肉动物），killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. ④However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.II①The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “to cultivate.” ②In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. ③Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affectingwho we are. ④For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.III①Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. ②As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey（猎物）. ③This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’genetic development.2.长难句例1.In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social Contribution.【参考译文】某个阶段的目标可能是获得财富成功和个人成就，另一个阶段的目标可能是更好地平衡工作与生活，若还有另一个阶段的话，其目标可能是更加充分地探索和理解各种选择，或变成独立生产商，如果还有另外一个例2.These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.【参考译文】这些阶段将涵盖多个领域，将人们带到不同的城市，为培养各种各样的技能打下基础。

英语四级--应用文辅导讲义

英文书信的起首语I was glad to receive your letter of May 4 ...With great delight I learn that ...I have the pleasure to tell you that...We have received with many thanks your letter of 20 May, and take the pleasure of sending you our latest catalog.I’m writing to…英文书信的结束语I hope to hear from you very soon.I look forward to your early reply (your reply at your earliest conv enience.Your early reply will be highly appreciated.I look forward to our next meeting.Please let us know if you want more information.Any other particulars required I shall be pleased to give you.We enclose two copies of...Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience.如何完美表达书信中的“谢谢”I sincerely (deeply) (warmly) appreciate ...我真挚的（深深的）（热情的）感谢......I am very sincerely (most) (truly) grateful to you for ...为了......，我非常真挚的（深深的）（真诚的）感谢您。

大学英语四级作文讲义

1. Young people may find going abroad appealing because they really enjoy it. (空洞句) Young people may find going abroad appealingbecause we can learn a lot and broad oue view ina different counties.2. The reason I like surfing the Internet because it is my favorite hobby. （句子碎片）The reason why is that ………It is widely accepted/ believed thatIt goes without saying that3. Mobile phone is very common in our society, about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it.Mobile phone is very common in our society and about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it（标点）4. Some students did not choose their courses wisely, consequently, their credits for college admission were inadequate.Some students did nit choose their course wisely ,consequently; (分号)5. I kept on thinking about failing in NINEM for MA/MS in last year. Why? Because of the time.Because of the time is limited. （从句不可以成为主句）6. I am going to have a lot of activities during the summer vacation. For example playing in the field, climbing the mountain, and traveling by train.for example 后一般只跟一样东西such as 可以在后面加许多7. College students doing part-time jobs is good to his family, himself and the society.to their family theirselves and the society(错误指代)8. I will meet with lots of difficulties, but I think I can overcome it. (faulty reference)9. Finding a good apartment is as difficult as to pay the rent.10. The canteen should setup several televisions. Improvement of the Sentence Writing1. Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.2. Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.3. Such belief is wrong and dangerous.As a matter of fact ,such belief is unfortunately wrong and possible dangerous (副词)4. There are two reasons for the effect.There are two possible resons fot the this dangerous effect (形容词)5. I think we can take three measures to solve the problem.Three measure , I think can be taken to solve the problem. （插入语）6. It seems that the first part is better written than the other parts.the first part ,it seem s is better than the other parts（插入语）7. We are making great efforts to improve our English. Great efforts are being made to improve （多用被动语态)8. Because of social demands, there appear many evening schools.Many eveing schools are made called to existence by social demands(多用被动语态)9. Diplomas are very attractive because it is demanded by our society.Why are these diplones so attractive and charming ?The reason for this is that it is (无中生有)10. English studying is very common because it is widely used in our society.11. Living in the countryside is the best thing for me.Nothing could be better for me than living in the countryside(反问陈述)12. Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.It is impossible to pick up an newspaper without fing ads13. We can see from the above graphs that from 1990 to 1995 the price of meat was on the rise, while consumption increased.14. Although we hold different attitudes towards opportunity, no one should neglect its importance.Different as the attitudes one ,no one (as的作用)15. As is shown by the two graphs, from 1800 to 1900, with the rapid growth of U.S. population, the number of species no longer existing shot up, adding up to 70 in 1990.During the period of the time from16. Pollution is an extremely serious problem：the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.17. Beijing has won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Game! Many college students could not sleep that night because they were so excited.18. Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.19. The style of living has become more and more popular and accepted by more and more young people.20. More and more people agree (realize/are aware) that women should enjoy full equality with men.21. Teachers are called “engineers of human soul”.22. Does television have more advantages than disadvantages?23. I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for the same job. They should also have equal opportunities for promotion.24. True friends will be very proud of your progress. If you face difficulties true friends will encourage you.①空洞句②句子碎片③标点④分号⑤从句不可成为主句⑥破折号⑦错误指代⑨平行结构⑩被动⑾要用人做主语⑿形容词和副词⒀插入语⒁无中生有⒂⒃陈述⒄冗余结构⒅反面绪论的句型————文章的开头段部分第一类：选择题型的开头For most people today, ____________has become their main source of__________, but as forme, __________should be regarded as a better source.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of____________. Somepeople suggest that, while others argue that____________, l agree with the latter.It is a quite controversial argument whether_____________. In my opinion, l think that____________is a better idea because of_____________.It is often difficult for some people to decide whether ___________. But for others, the advantages of__________ always outweigh the disadvantages.From my point of view it is more advisable to choose______________ rather than____________.People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that____________. Others, on the contrary, maintain that ____________. Personally, I stand on the side of____________.Despite the fact that most of them like____________, I would like to choose to_____________. 第二类：判断题型的开头赞成类l agree with the statement to some extent that ___________.I can see both advantages and disadvantages to_____________. Overall, l think it is a good idea. Consequently I agree with the title statement that________________.I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that______________.Many people advocate that___________, they claim that_______________, my opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons.At first glance, it seems very difficult for us to draw a definite concIusion that_______________is right or wrong, because it has both advantages and disadvantages.However, after serious considerahons we can see that under most cireumstances _____________ will do more good than harm.Two different opinions obviously exist to support and to oppose. After pondering theopinions from several aspects, personally, I agree with the idea that____________.反对类Nowadays, the problem of _____________has aroused public attention. Some peoplecriticize that. They believe that____________. However, I firmly objectto this argument.Until recently, ______________ was viewed as the prime argument, but people are taking a fresh look at it.Although it is an admirable idea, ____________ is not always a realistic option.Thinking logically, I can only say that this statement is valid because.Some people think that_______________, frankly speaking, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.To make it an extreme, the majority would argue that __________．It is essentialFor______________.第三类：论述题型的开头One of the hottest topics many People talk about now is___________.It has become apparent to us that______________.____________ plays a vital part in everyone's daily work and life.In the past few years, there has been a growing trend that____________.One of the universal issues thet draw growing concern is_____________._______________. This view has been shared now by more and more people.____________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today's society. We can see it almost everywhere. This phenomenon is the result of several reasons.With the development of society, _____________.In recent years, many cities have been faced with the serious problem of___________.One of the great writers once said that__________. Now it still has a realisticsignificance.When asked about ___________,people have al1 kind of views concerning it. From mypoint of view, ____________.本论的句型————文章的理由段部分承上启下的过渡句型In my opinion, the phenomenon __________is mainly due to several factors.A number of reasons may help at this point.This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.Putting too much emphasis on ___________ may result in obscuring other facts.To assume that ________ is destined to miss the following points.The reasons and examples 1isted below will strengthen my point of view.阐述理由的句型The main problem with this argument is that ___________.The root cause for __________ is____________.The most immediate reason for ___________ is ___________.One of the factor accounts for is that _____________.举例This offers a typical instance of ____________.Take __________ for example.We may cite a common example of ___________.结论的句型——文章的结论部分In short,___________. In sum,___________.In summary, ___________. In a word, __________.Taking into account of all these factors, I think that ___________.Based on the points discussed above, we can see ___________.With the improvement of ___________, ___________ will prove to hold great superiority over ____________.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that _________. There are a lot of details to consider, but al1 in all, I support the idea that _________.While it is true that the argument I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think that ____________. 问题解决提出解决方案Measures must be taken toIt is high time we had toIt is pressing/indispensable/essential that proper actions/effective measures should be taken to Great efforts should be put into/focused onWe need to take a fresh/clear look/view at this matter/problem/situation /in a new perspective/ from a new standpoint.最佳、最重要解决方案的句型What we can do is simply toThe best approach/solution to … isIt is urgent/pressing/significant/practical/feasible to应用文常用句型常见辩论话题理由1．SmokingFor：1．it is pleasurable and relaxing2．it is one's right3．it is difficult to stop smoking4．it is an old custom going back hundreds of years5．it is not always dangerous to one's health6．it makes socializing easier7．it is an important source of tax revenue8．intoxication is a natural drive (e.g., coffee, drugs, alcohol)Against:1．it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchial trouble, lung cancer )2．it is harmful to those nearby3．it is a dirty and expensive habit4．it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)5．it is quickly being banned in public areas6．it lives off deceptive advertising2．School UniformsFor：1．they build character2．they eliminate class differences3．they allow students to better concentrate on their studies4．they are popular with parents and administrators5．they are inexpensive6．they are attractive and neat7．they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day8．many countries have themAgainst：1．they lead to conformity2．they are disliked by students (students like to primp)3．they create a military mentality4．they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks) 5．they are ugly and childish6．they deprive youths of an important choice: what to wear7．they are losing popularity everywhere3．Legalized GamblingFor：1．it reduces taxes2．it is a source of government revenue3．it is gaining popularity in the world4．it is an old practice dating back thousands of years5．it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)6．it is voluntary7．many people play poker and mahjongAgainst：1．it is banned in most countries2．it is condemned by most religions3．it can become addictive4．it encourages people to throw away their hard-earned savings5．it teaches people not to work for money6．it can destroy happy families7．it can lead to suicide8．it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )4．City LifeFor：1．it is exciting2．it attracts people from the countryside3．it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores4．it offers many amenities (e.g., swimming pools, bowling alleys, and sports stadiums ) 5．it offers many chances of employment6．its noise and overcrowding are hardly noticeable7．cities have an efficient public transportation system8．city planners can create a good living environment 9．crime can be found in the countryside as wellAgainst ：1．it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution )2．it is not a good environment for children3．it is devoid of Nature and distinct seasons4．it is noisy and dangerous5．it makes people nervous and even neurotic6．it has created awful slums7．cities are overcrowded and expensive8．many city dwellers long to return to the countryside 9．city housing projects are unpopular5．Informing Patients Of CancerFor：1．patients want to know2．it is wrong to hide the truth3．it is not a shock for the patient but for his family4．it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days5．it is the patient' s body, not the doctor' s6．doctors are for it (in the U. S.)7．it allows a person to choose alternate means of treatment Against：1．it is heartless and cruel2．it may make the patient give up3．it causes depression4．it can lead to suicide5．most relatives are against it6．a white lie can save undue suffering7．doctors are against it (in Japan)6．Social SecurityFor：1．the state should help the poor, aged, unemployed, and sick 2．the state should provide good health care for its citizens 3．the strong must help the weak4．Social Darwinism is outdated5．there will always be social misfits that need help6．all religions stress charity7．all advanced countries have some form of social securityAgainst ：1．it costs too much2．it encourages laziness and destroys the work ethic3．it does not work efficiently4．people should look after themselves5．it results in heavy taxes6．Social Darwinism tells us that life is the "survival of the fittest" 7．there are no freebies in life7．CoeducationFor ：1．it is natural (i.e., adult society is not segregated )2．it gives men and women a chance to better understand one another 3．it gives men and women a chance to compete with one another 4．it is the modern trend5．it has many practical advantages (e.g., school plays, music groups) 6．it produces well-adjusted adults7．most parents prefer coeducation.8．separate schools foster sexual rivalry9．women become neurotic in all-women' s schoolsAgainst ：1．women do better academically in their own colleges2．women are in college to get an education, not a husband 3．women have their own values to develop4．it can lead to intimacy and promiscuity5．it is still rare in some countries6．it is opposed by some parents7．it robs women of their self-confidence8．separate schools have existed for centuries9．marry great men and women attended separate schools8．Corporal PunishmentFor ：1．children are not adults2．children respect discipline3．it is a check on excessive permissiveness4．it does no permanent damage because children are hardy creatures 5．it is opposed only by mixed-up psychologists6．it is a form of training7．it builds real character8．it reinforces the authority of teachers and parents9．it works to control juvenile delinquency10. there is the saying: Spare the rod and spoil the childAgainst ：1．it is barbarous2．Freud said it is wrong3．love is better than physical punishment4．it can cause psychological problems5．it is not necessary if children are raised correctly6．it is an emotional, irrational response7．it can result in a lawsuit8．beatings have been known to result in death9．there is the saying : Violence begets violence9．Organ TransplantsFor ：1．they prolong life2．they are supported by the medical profession3．they enhance medical science4．they are a challenge to surgeons5．critically ill people want transplants in order to live6．costs will come down as the surgery becomes routine7．there is no "time" to die8．death is defined as brain death9．the drugs cyclosporine and FK-506 have helped eliminate the problem of rejection Against ：1．they are too expensive2．they favor the rich3．they encourage the poor in Third World countries to sell their organs4．they are unnatural as seen by the body' s rejection5．they are often unsuccessful6．the idea is sinister7．Nature has decided when we should die8．the process of deciding who gets the next available organ is unfair9．there is as yet no agreement on what constitutes death (brain -dead versus heart-dead)10．Civil DisobedienceFor ：1．it draws attention to unjust of unconstitutional laws2．it is a matter of religious or moral convictions3．it is the only way to fight oppression4．it is usually nonviolent5．it is used only in extreme circumstances6．it goes back to the time of Jesus Christ7．it is common, like cheating on taxes and illegal parking8．God' s laws take precedence over man' s laws9．protestors are ready to accept punishment for their beliefs10．many famous people have engaged in civil disobedience (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi and Andrei Sakharov)11．there are many famous examples such as the Boston Tea Party and conscientious objectors during the Vietnam WarAgainst ：1．no one is above the law2．it can quickly destroy law and order3．it leads to anarchy4．it leads to contempt for all laws5．protestors are cowards trying to escape punishment6．protestors often resort to violence7．the democratic process should be used to effect change11．AbortionFor ：1．it is a woman' s fundamental right, say abortion-rights advocates2．it is necessary for unwed mothers3．it is necessary for rape victims4．it is necessary in some cases to save a mother' s life5．procreation is a couple' s choice6．it is a form of birth control7．poor, illiterate women want it8．most women support it9．it is necessary to prevent overpopulation10．it prevents unwanted babies from coming into the world11．it is not murder because a fetus is not yet a human beingAgainst：1．it is murder (infanticide), say anti-choice groups2．life begins at conception3．it is an unnatural practice4．it is immoral because only God can take a life5．a fetus is a human being-unborn but viable6．the rights of a fetus must be protected7．it is painful for the fetus-a barbaric practice8．it is not the same as other modern birth-control devices9．it causes many women to have guilt feelings10．unwanted babies can be put up for adoption12．CensorshipFor ：1．it is for the good of society2．it protects children3．every society has some form of censorship4．the individual is less important than the community 5．absolute freedom leads to anarchy6．many adults are not mature enough to make their own decisions 7．it can be carried out wisely8．pornography is not art9．pornography is in the hands of unscrupulous people 10．obscene works should be banned11．it is necessary in times of warAgainst ：1．it limits the individual' s freedom and human rights2．it is not consistent with democracy3．it is subjective and not objective4．it creates the problem of who will censor5．it is disappearing in advanced countries6．it deprives adults of their right to make decisions7．it can be applied to all aspects of our lives8．it is the first step toward totalitarianism9．it draws attention to banned works and increases sales 10．voluntary censorship is better13．Equality Of the SexesFor ：1．we all have the same Creator2．matriarchal societies go back thousands of years3．all advanced societies have given women equal rights 4．most companies have adopted equal pay for equal work 5．there are no skills women cannot master6．there are even women body builders7．men have a basic inferiority complex8．women are more interested in peace than men9．some world leaders are women (e.g., Margaret Thatcher )10．women are superior to men in some fields11．no scientific studies back up the stereotypes men have of women Against ：1．women have a different biological function2．women are physically weaker than men3．women can' t be mothers and career women at the same time 4．many women want to depend on men5．most women want to stay at home and be mothers6．women haven' t been given the vote in some countries 7．women are emotional and irrational8．women think intuitively (no famous women philosophers) 9．hormones cause women to behave differently14．Foreign AidFor ：1．it is humane2．the rich should help the poor3．all religions teach charity4．it seeks to end poverty, disease, and illiteracy5．it can be used to help refugees and combat slavery6．it is given by all advanced countries7．it is supported by the Red Cross and the United Nations8．it helped rebuild Japan and Germany9．it increases world trade10．it achieves political objectives11．it promotes national securityAgainst ：1．it is degrading to the recipient2．it is never appreciated3．it leads to feelings of inferiority4．it limits the independence of developing countries5．it subsidizes laziness6．it often goes into the pockets of corrupt officials7．it supports Third World dictatorships8．it can be culturally damaging9．it has divided the United Nations10．the money should be spent at home for one' s own people15．DivorceFor ：1．it is the logical solution to a bad marriage2．it allows both persons to seek happiness in a second marriage3．it dates from as early as ancient Babylonia4．it is legally recognized by most countries5．it is accepted by most people6．remarriage is a right7．it is necessary in cases of adultery, alcoholism, desertion, drug addiction, and mental and physical cruelty8．children are better off living with one parent than with both in an unhappy environment 9．feminists support itAgainst ：1．it breaks up the family2．it makes it too easy for two persons to walk out of their marriage3．it is opposed by various religions4．it is banned by some countries5．it was uncommon until fifty years ago6．marriage is a serious responsibility7．it is a sign of immaturity8．counseling is the solution9．it harms children emotionally10．children need both parents11．child custody decisions are messy16．Compulsory Military ServiceFor ：1．it aims to strengthen national defense2．it teaches young men discipline3．it builds character and physical fithess4．it teaches valuable skills5．it nurtures a spirit of comradeship an equality6．it offers opportunities for overseas travel7．it exists in many countries (e.g., Switzerland, Singapore)8．it reduces unemployment9．it instills a sense of patriotismAgainst：1．it is unnecessary in view of today' s professional armies2．it is a step away from peace3．some countries have abolished it (e. g., the U.S., Japan)4．today' s armies do not need unskilled manpower5．it interrupts young men' s studies and careers6．it is a useless experience7．it is a source of slave labor8．it results in bullying and conformity9．it does not build character10．it can cause mental disorders11．military skills are useless in private industry17．V oluntary EuthanasiaFor ：1．it is a basic right-the right to die2．the Greek origin of the word euthanasia means "good death "3．it allows one to die with dignity4．it allows one to choose the time and place of death5．it is logical and humane6．it can be regulated with safeguards (e.g., the person must be rationally lucid) 7．it is painless8．it is the solution to a terminal illness with suffering9．the dying want it10．some doctors will assist the patient to end his life11．it recognizes death as a natural, biological process12．doctor-assisted suicide is legal in Holland, under certain guidelines Against ：1．it is murder or suicide2．it is illegal in most countries3．most doctors oppose it4．it is a first step to killing the old and infirm5．it is irreversible in the event of a new cure6．only God can end a life7．most religions oppose it8．suicide is always irrational9．the dying are too sick to know what they want10．the dying should look to hospices that dispense painkillers11．it can be abused by greedy persons seeking an inheritance18．Capital PunishmentFor：1．it frightens would-be criminals (acts as a deterrent )2．it serves as a just reward for killers3．it lowers crime rates4．it is more economical than a life sentence (saves the state money)5．in rare cases it may lead to the death of an innocent person, but this cannot be helped 6．most countries practice it7．killers should not be allowed to become hero-figures8．a life sentence is never for life but for only a few years9．killers are heartless and cruel and should not be protected by sociologistsAgainst ：1．it frightens no one2．it is motivated by revenge and not justice3．it does not lower crime rates4．it can lead to the death of an innocent person (a mistake)5．it is a barbaric practice (hanging, electric chairs, gas chambers)6．it is unjust because only God can take away life7．the real solution to crime is the elimination of social injustices and rehabilitation 8．killers are often mentally ill and in need of medical treatment9．the death penalty is being abandoned by many countries19．Trade ProtectionismFor ：1．industries need government protection2．no nation can allow its industries to be destroyed3．agriculture must be protected for national security reasons4．real free trade doesn' t exist and never has5．national security is more important than idealistic trade principles6．it has made Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan prosperous7．every nation ' s economy is shaped by its own culture8．there are various forms of free-market economy9．every nation should have an industrial policy10．governments must provide jobs for their workers by whatever meansAgainst ：1．it invites retaliation2．it invites reciprocity based on a quid pro quo basis3．it impedes world trade and prosperity4．it hurts poor, underdeveloped countries5．it leads to trade wars6．it makes industries less competitive7．it costs taxpayers large sums of money8．it gives consumers less choice9．it is denounced by most nations10．it is based not just on high tariffs but also on government regulations, inspections, certification, and distribution20．Nuclear PowerFor：1．it provides huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel2．it is the best source of energy for countries without oil3．the world' s supply of oil will be exhausted in 90 years4．it already produces most of the energy needs of some countries5．it could supply all the world' s electricity for millions of years if fully developed6．it is safe if properly supervised7．nuclear power plants create less air pollution than fossil-fuel power plants8．the issue has become far too emotionalAgainst ：1．it is too dangerous (e.g., Chernobyl accident)2．most people are afraid of it3．the world' s supply of uranium is fast decreasing4．it is better to develop other sources of energy (e.g., fusion)5．radioactive wastes cannot be disposed of6．it can produce nuclear weapons for warfare7．certain radical world leaders are trying to buy nuclear weapons8．nuclear plants are expensive to build9．the U.S. is slowly closing down its nuclear power plants10．nuclear wastes can cause cancer。

大学英语四级写作讲解应用文

Para2
The cartoon deeply illustrates a social issue which is catching more and more attention from the general public currently. What prove to be the reasons leading to it? 3 reasons stated as follows can be taken be accountable for it. First and foremost,（阐释具体的现象或原因） more importantly, （阐释具体的现象或原因）， last but not the least.
大学英语四级写作
Review
漫画作文写法
第一段：描图，第二段：对图画所反映的现象进行解释，第三段：个人就此发表看法或提出观点。
第一段：描图：对图画的内容进行具体的描述好句子）
1.What a vivid cartoon it proves to be! 2.The underlying meaning embodied in it can not be underrated, in that the cartoon reflects a not uncommon social issue, from which we can clearly observe that… 3. How impressive the cartoon is in describing the most widespread social phenomenon concerning the independence of the children.
New lesson

2024版四级辅导ppt课件

事实细节题
关注文章中的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等，通过扫读和定位关键信息来快速找到答案。
主旨大意题
注意文章的中心思想和段落大意，通过略读和寻找主题句来把握文章的主旨。
推理判断题
根据文章中的信息进行逻辑推理和分析判断，注意作者的言外之意和隐含信息。
词义猜测题
根据上下文语境和构词法知识来猜测生词的含义，注意一词多义的现象。
模拟测试与评估
定期进行模拟测试，评估学生词汇和语法掌握情况，提供针对性建议。
词汇与语法备考策略
制定复习计划
根据学生实际情况制定个性化复习计划，合理安排时间进行针对性复习。
做题技巧与策略
教授学生做题技巧与策略，如排除法、猜测词义等，提高做题准确率。
抓住重点与难点
指导学生抓住词汇和语法中的重点与难点进行突破，提高备考效率。
ABCD
说明文写作
明确说明对象，抓住特征进行描述，注意语言的准确性和客观性。
图表作文
准确理解图表信息，分析数据背后的原因和趋势，注意图表描述的准确性和客观性。
写作常用句型与表达
引出话题
Recently, the issue of ... has been brought to public attention.
模拟测试题二及解析
题目类型
听力理解、阅读理解、翻译等，全面检验学生英语能力
题目特点
注重实际应用和语言综合运用能力的考查
解析重点
针对易错题目和难点进行重点解析，帮助学生掌握解题技巧
模拟测试备考建议
制定复习计划
合理安排时间，分阶段进行复习，注重薄弱环节的加强
提高做题速度
通过大量练习提高做题速度和准确率，增强应试能力

大学英语四级写作讲义

一．The main types of guided writing:1. 提纲式作文：Directions:Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society. But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1. Role of women in modern society2. Prejudices and discrimination against women3. My commentY ou should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely by women. It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways. In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough. They believe that women are the weaker sex – both physically and emotionally. Thus, women are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home. Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males. Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders. Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing. (242 words)2. 提纲图表式作文：Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Study the following table care fully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Y ou should quote as few figures as possible.Outline: 1. Changes in people’s daily expanses in the past five years2. Possible reasons for the changesIn the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 15% in 2001. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses.What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. T o begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion. Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too.In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life. They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations. (219 words)3．规定情景式作文：Directions: Migrant workers (外地民工) have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write within 40 minutes a composition of 200 words about “The Role of Migrant Workers”. Y ou can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should have supporting reasons.As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indispensable part of our work force. Most of them work on construction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a beneficial factor, which enhances the consumption of food and daily items. This in turn helps to develop food industry and service trades in cites. All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”. The same is the case with migrant workers. Firstly, most of them are not welleducated and professionally trained. Some of them have had very little schooling. As you know. Illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of the law, tend to make trouble, thus endangering social order. Secondly, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money. Being illiterate or unskilled, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they are ambitious for. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society.In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them. (244 words)二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:1. Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence andconcluding sentence.2. Ways of developing a paragraph:1) Comparison and contrast (对比法)2) Cause and effect (因果法)3) Exemplification (举例法)4) Generalization and qualification (概述法)5) Argument (议论法)三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :---关于利弊、优缺点的句型：1. S + have (or has ) a lot of advantages over ….. (与….相比有许多优点)译：汽车与自行车相比有许多优点。

《四级作文之应用文》PPT课件

Your site here
LOGO
In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”
四级作文之应用文
LOGO
应用文涉及的范围很广，包括书信，便条，通知，广告，简历等。四级考试中，英语应用文以书信为主，兼或有演讲稿，海报之类的要求。
Your site here
LOGO
书信
书信的类型也是千变万化的，如邀请信、申请信、求职信、感谢信、道歉信、投诉信等。但是万变不离其中，只要掌握了英语书信的基本格式，并运用恰当的句式和语句，就能写出一篇好的书信。
Your site here
LOGO
As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.

大学英语四级写作讲解应用文

Characteristics: Applied writing typologically exhibits the following features
Definition and Characteristics of Applied Writing
01
02
03
Clear and decide language
Practical Writing Explanations for College English
目录
CONTENCT
Overview and Importance of Applied Writing Common types of applied writing and writing techniques Requirements and grading standards for applied writing in the College English Test Band 4
Property format
Notices and announcements typically follow a standard format that includes a title, date, main body, and conclusion Make sure to include all relevant information in the appropriate sections
Writing guidance for job application articles such as resumes and cover letters
03
Requirements and grading standards for applied writing in the College English Test Band 4

英语四级应用文（一）讲

应用文题型应用文题型（Applied Writing ）应用文的范围很广，包括书信、便条、广告、简历以及通知等诸方面。

英语考试中的应用文以书信为主、兼或有报告、演讲词、导游介绍之类的要求，这一点在大学英语类的要求，这一点在大学英语四级四级考试中屡有所见。

考试中屡有所见。

实例1----2002年1月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

Model Composition January 12th, 2002 Dear Mr. President, It is my great honor to study in this prestigious university. And I hope that I won ’t bother you here as I will say something about the canteen service of our university. I am a student here. I write you this letter to say a few words about the dining halls in this university. I ’m a student studying in this beautiful university and enjoying ass the advanced facilities provided by the school, but I’m afraid I’m not satisfied with the canteen service on cumpus.First, the food in the dining halls is not delicious enough, either too salty or too watery, especially in Dining Hall 3. Second, the prices in dining hall are very high and usually we cannot afford it. Third, the dining halls are always very crowed and we can seldom find find seats seats seats if if if arriving arriving arriving there there there not not not early early early enough enough enough and and and the the the tables tables tables are are are not not not cleaned cleaned cleaned in in in time. time. Anyway, Anyway, what what what is is is good good good is is is that that that the the the working working working staff staff staff in in in the the the dining dining dining halls halls halls are are are quite quite quite kind, kind, friendly and patient, and they usually try their best to meet the demand of the students and teachers. Our canteen is our gas station, so we really hope that our canteen will do a lot more to imporve their services from what have been mentioned above. We will appreciate any effective measure to make our canteen take on a new look not only from its appearance but from its service. Great thanks for your concern about our suggestion, Thus I suggest enlarging the dining halls and improving the quality of foods and reducing the prices to what is acceptable to all the students. These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions. By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service. Best wishes. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 实例2----2003年12月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend's inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 建议报考的专业及理由建议报考的专业及理由报考该专业的基本条件报考该专业的基本条件应当如何备考应当如何备考Model Composition A Letter of Reply to a Friend December 27, 2003 Dear When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What's more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market. In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, "Practice makes perfect". In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing,listening writing,listening and and and speaking speaking speaking are are are necessary, necessary, necessary, because because because they they they are are are the the the foundations foundations foundations for for your your future future future study. study. study. Last Last but not the least important , , you you you need need need an an an intense intense intense interest interest interest in in learning English since "interest is the best teacher." As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you'd better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university. Yours Dear friend, I am really delighted and excited to know that you ’d like to apply for admission to my university. How I wish we could see each other again on this beautiful campus. I am glad that I could be of some help in your choosing a major. Since you are good at literature and poem, I strongly recommend that you major in Chinese. On one hand, you are an diligent person who always dig yourself in the sea of knowledge knowledge——especially among the masterpieces of the great authors. On the other hand , you ’ve published published a a lot lot of of of poems poems poems and and and articles articles articles during during during the the the time time time of of of your your your high high high school. school. school. Y ou Y ou really really really have have have the the makings of a talent in literature. Now I’d like to mention some important points you should pay attention to. First of all, you should exert youself to get high scores in the coming college Entrance Examination, for Chinese is very popular in our university. So you must have competitive edge of some kind. In addition to the routine preparation for the exam, you must have good health both physical and spiritual. What ’s more, go go over over over all all all your your your lessons lessons lessons and and and go go go on on on reading reading reading books books books on on on literature, literature, literature, and and and you you you will will will be be be more more confident of your getting enrolled. Just try your best, and you will fully demonstrate your talent and ability in the future. See you soon! Good luck! Y ours, Zhang Ying 实例3----2001年6月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the the week-long week-long holiday. You should write write at at at least least 100 100 words words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. 表示欢迎表示欢迎提出过度假安排的建议提出过度假安排的建议提醒应注意的事项提醒应注意的事项Model Composition A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang, I'm very happy that you will come to Beijing and spend holidays with me. It is a long time that we haven't seen each other and I miss you very much. I have always been looking forward to your arrival. Since you will stay in Beijing for a week, I suggest you visit some places of interests, such such as as as the the the Great Great Great Wall, Wall, Wall, the the the Palace Palace Palace Museum, Museum, Museum, the the the Summer Summer Summer Palace, Palace, Palace, the the the Tian'An Tian'An Tian'An Men Men Square, Square, Mount Mount Mount Fregrance Fregrance Fregrance and and and etc. etc. etc. If If If time time time permits, permits, permits, I I I can can can show show show you you you around around around some some famous universities like Peking University, Tsinghua University and so on, which are worth your visit. As the weather here is changeable, I propose you to wear more clothes in case that it is getting colder. Come here as soon as possible and I can't wait to meet you. Wish you a safe and pleasant trip here. Yours, 实例4----2003年6月真题Directions: Directions: For For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed thirty thirty thirty minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write An An An Eye-Witness Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。

《cet-4教学资料》新四级讲义

非谓语动词
理解不定式、动名词和分词等非谓语动词的用法和区别。
从句与主从复合句
掌握名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的用法，以及主从复合句的结构和逻辑关系。
词汇与语法题型分析
阅读理解
分析阅读理解中常见的词汇和语法难点，以及解题技巧。
完形填空
分析完形填空中常见的词汇和语法考点，以及如何根据上下文选择合适的选项。
翻译
分析汉译英和英译汉中的常见词汇和语法问题，以及如何准确地进行语言转换。
06 应试策略与技巧
CHAPTER
考前准备
1 2
制定复习计划
根据考试时间，合理安排每日复习时间，确保全面复习。
熟悉考Байду номын сангаас题型
了解各类题型的特点和答题要求，以便在考试中应对自如。
3
积累词汇和语法知识
扩大词汇量，掌握基本语法知识，提高阅读和写作能力。
答题技巧
阅读理解
听力理解
先读题干，再根据关键词回原文找答案，注意把握文章结构和逻辑关系。
提前审题，抓住关键词，注意捕捉听力中的重要信息和细节。
写作
翻译
审清题目要求，列出要点，注意段落和层次，使用简单句和常用词汇。
理解原文意思，注意语言表达的准确性和流畅性，适当调整语序和句式。
心理调适
保持积极心态
相信自己能够通过考试，遇到困难时及时调整心态。
合理安排休息时间
保证充足的睡眠和休息，避免过度疲劳影响考试发挥。
模拟考试与反思
参加模拟考试，了解自己的薄弱环节，及时调整复习策略。
谢谢
THANKS
句式转换
介绍常见的句式转换技巧，如被动句与主动句的转换、肯定句与否定句的转换等。

四级写作讲义1-应用文

四级写作讲义I．四级写作题材和体裁划分II．四级写作的要求、评分标准及评卷实例III．四级写作操作步骤IV．四级写作个性化模板制作V．四级翻译基础知识和技能训练1．应用文----书信1). 求职信2)．推荐信3). 投诉信4).事件描述信5). 道歉信6). 寻求帮助信7). 表扬信Application Letter for a jobDear Sir or Madam,I read with interest your Advertisement on Beijing Y outh Daily for a position of . From the enclosed resume, you may see I am qualified for the job. With four years’experience on , I am very skillful on and , also very knowledgeable on , because I majored in it at the university. At my present job, I have made a quite satisfactory achievement for this company and the company can gain significant revenues from it every year.However, for the reasons of seeking further development and eagerness to join a famous company like yours, I would like to release my potential ability at this position. I am confident I will make much valuable contribution to your company.I’d be very happy if I could be interviewed.For further information, please contact me at,Tel:1234567890Email: liming@I am looking forward to you early reply.Y ours sincerely,Li MingDear Sir or Madam,It is my great pleasure to write this reference letter for my colleague, , who is applying for the position of in your company.Mr. and I are working in the Beijing Branch of the ABC Company, which is a large state-owned company specializing in computer hardware.The ABC Beijing Branch has 60 employees, with an annual sale of 35 million yuan. Mr. ’s responsibilities mainly include investment and financial management of the Beijing Office. He has done a very good job and his achievement is well appreciated by the management.Mr. is a man of integrity, intelligence and diligence. With years of practical experience, he is able to handle crisis of many kinds. He is also an easy-going and cooperative man, with the spirit of team-working and a good sense of humor.I definitely believe that he will do a very good job in your company.If you have any doubts or want any further information, please don’t hesitate to contact me.Y ours truly,Li MingTo Whom It May Concern,I am very happy to write this reference letter for my former colleague, Mr Zhang Ning, who now is studying community arts at Beijing University. Zhang and I worked at ABC School for handicapped children for 18 months until July last year, when he decided to study for a higher degree. At the ABC school, Zhang’s responsibilities included coordinating teaching affairs, time tabling, counseling, and classroom teaching.During my contact with Zhang, I found him to be a responsible and devoted man. Because of shortage of teachers, many staff members had to work over time. Zhang had taken all the extra work with good humor and grace.Teaching young people who have special needs requires patience, knowledge and skills. Zhang proves to be a resourceful man. His versatility was appreciated by teachers and parents. When Zhang finished working there, the headmaster, Mr. Zhao Gang, said that any time Zhang wanted to return to the ABC school, he would give him a job.I am sure that Zhang would be good assets to anybody who hires him. With one year advanced study, Zhang would be even more valuable.If you need further information concerning Zhang, Please do not hesitate to contact me.Y ours faithfully.Li MingDear Sir,I live in room 103 in the first dormitory building. I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the heating system.When I got your brochure I was very glad and thought that I had found a nice accommodation. However, when I moved in, I found everything was so different from what the brochure told me. Beyond my tolerance is the heating system, because it has not worked till now. I have told the janitor about this, but haven’t got any feedback. It is getting colder and colder, so it has become very urgent. I hope you will send someone to repair it as soon as possible.I would be very grateful if you could kindly consider my request and maintain the heating system at once. I am looking forward to the day when it starts to work.Or, I would like to move into a different room.Y ours sincerely,Li MingDear Sir or Madam,I would like to complain to you about my noisy neighbor and hope you can do something about it.I live in Room 221 and I have a habit of going to bed about 11 pm. My next door neighbor, a student who lives in Room 223, frequently holds parties in the evening that sometimes last past midnight. He and his friends show no concern for others by playing wild music, talking loudly, and singing noisy songs. If this happens once or twice a month, I would try to be understanding and tolerant. However, these noisy parties are held at least twice a week, and not always on weekends.I have spoken to my neighbor several times but he takes no notice of the complaints.I would like you to do something about it, and I am sure you agree that any student living in this building is entitled to peaceful evenings, at least on weekends.Or, give me a room on a different floor.Sincerely, yoursLi MingDear Sir or Madam,I am very sorry to tell you that some items in my room were stolen.Last night I came back from my travel to Kunming. When I opened the door, I was surprised to find that my room was in a mess. I clearly remembered that the room was in order when I left. I found all of the drawers and wardrobes were wide open. Many clothes, books and other items were on the floor. My new bicycle was missing.I checked my other belongings and found that a compact camera and a new pair of shoes were missing, too.I examined my room and found that somebody broke the window and got into my room. The window had always been a problem ---- somebody could easily get in after breaking the window glass.I’d like you to take some measures to strengthen all the windows, such as installing iron fence, to keep burglars away.Y our sincerelyLi MingDear Sir / Madam,I am writing to ask why I still have not received my parcel which was sent a month ago.On April 23, 2008, my mother sent me a parcel from Beijing. It includes the following things:1. A coat2. A pair of boots3.Some books for my studyAlthough most of the items are not very expensive, they are very important to my life. Winter is coming and I have been anxiously waiting for my winter clothes sent by my mother. I am sure you understand how important these things are for a student who is thousands of miles away from home.I hope you can look into it and give me a reply soon. The parcel number is BJ12345, which I got from my mother.I am looking forward to a prompt reply from you.Thank you for your attention.Y ours faithfullyLi MingLetter of ApologyDear Mr. Johnson,I am writing to express my apology for having damaged the television in my room and I would like you to know that I am prepared to pay for the repair or for purchasing a similar one.I was watching TV yesterday evening, with a cup of coffee in my hand. Then I heard the telephone ringing. I put the coffee on the top of the TV and went to the sitting room to answer the phone. It was a friend who asked me to go to a movie. We talked for some time and then I returned to my room. I had totally forgotten the coffee that I left on the top of the TV set. When I was putting on my coat, somehow I swept the cup over and the coffee spilt, some of which went inside of the TV set and caused the damage.The TV is not working and I think it needs repairs from professional people.I would like to know what I should do.My sincere apology again,Li MingLetter of Apology for changing an interviewDear Sir,I am writing this letter to ask for your help.I am preparing to take part in an interview for a teaching position in your school which has been arranged on Friday. I have agreed to that time. But now I realize I am unable to be at the interview because of problems on my part.Y esterday, I sprained my left ankle when I played basketball. The doctor advised me to stay in bed. He said it would take about two weeks for me to recover.I’d like to know if it is possible that the interview be held at a different time.I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance because I do need the position. I think both my personality and my experience suit the job.I sincere apologize for any inconvenience that this sudden and unforeseen event may cause, and I’d deeply appreciate it if you could consider my physical condition and change the time for the interview.Y ours sincerely,Li MingLetter of Apology for being late to return to schoolDear sir,I am writing to ask for your approval for my late return to school due to my friend’s illness.I am now on my holiday trip with my friend in my hometown, and we received warm welcome here. But the local hygienic condition is not very good. The drinking water comes from the river and the food is sometimes contaminated. I am alright but my friend is not accustomed to the life here. Two days ago, he fell sick with a stomachache accompanied by a high fever. We took him to the nearest hospital and the doctors said he needed to be hospitalized. Now he has stopped vomiting, but he still has a high fever. I am afraid due to the long distance from here to the school, I couldn’t take back immediately by train. Therefore I have to stay here to look after him for a longer time. We will go back as soon as he recovers.Y our approval for my late return will be highly appreciated. And you can contact me through my mobile 1234567890I look forward to hearing from you and apologize for the inconvenience the sudden and unforeseeable event my cause.Y ours sincerelyLi MingDear Editor,I recently came back from a package tour to Kunming and I would like other readers to be aware of the pitfalls.First, the tour was advertised to be a luxury tour and therefore much more expensive than tours of similar itinerary. We stayed in a shabby hostel that should have been a three star hotel. The sheets were not changed daily and the blankets had holes. Cockroahes ran on the floor and the bathroom door couldn’t shut.As for the meals, we had to eat in the same restaurants with tourists who only paid half the fee that members in my group paid, and the dishes were identical.The contract said we should be going to different scenic spots in air-conditioned luxury coaches. In fact we were pack into noisy, bumping buses that vegetable venders wouldn’t take to town. These buses broke down at least twice a day during our three day stay in Kunming.We protested, but there was no use. If you want to know the name of the agency, it is Sounds Great.Y ours truly,Li MingDear Editor,Recently I ate in a restaurant. I found the food delicious ad the service pleasant.It is a French restaurant in Oxford Road, called French Cook, very close to the main post office. When you sit down, looking at the menu, talking to the waiter, you’d start to know this is a good restaurant. First, the price is reasonable. What I really want to say is it is cheaper than most of the French restaurants in this country. Then there is a wide selection of dishes. I love French food and I could easily notice what is in this restaurant that other French restaurants don’t have. Also, the waiters know their business. Their recommendations are practical, their introductions to the point. Finally, the quality of food there is excellent. The style is very French, without any trace of modification. Among all the French restaurants that I have tried in this country, this is the best.Sincerely,Li MingA letter to Claim InsuranceDear Sir or Madam,I am one of your customers, and I just lost an expensive video recorder while traveling.I joined a holiday tour last week. But on March 12, when I finished one day’s sightseeing and went back to the hotel, I found my video recorder which was in a drawer missing. I had to recharge the batteries of the recorder so I didn’t bring it with me on that day. I asked the floor waiter about the recorder but he said he didn’t even notice it. I also complained to the manager of the hotel. He said he was sorry for my loss but he could do nothing about it. So I had to call the police. When I returned from the trip, I remembered that some of my properties, including the recorder, were insured by your company. Therefore, I am writing to let you know that I would like to claim compensation from you.I have enclosed a copy of the police statement.I look forward to your timely reply.Y ours sincerely,Li MingA letter to a Teacher consulting language studyDear Teacher,I am very glad to have the opportunity to attend your language training class. But I am very sorry that I have some difficulty and I think I need your advice and help.I have been in the class for nearly three weeks but I still have not found a good way to improve my spoken English. I know I should look for more chances to practice with others. But I don’t know what is the best way to express my idea in formal English.In book store, there are a lot materials about speaking English. There are so many books and tapes that I can’t decide which is the best or which is more suitable for me.I know you have more experience in teaching English. So I think maybe I can get some useful advice from you.Could you tell me how to improve my ability to speak English and could you let me know which kind of materials fit me better?Y our help is greatly appreciated.Sincerely,Li MingA letter to praiseDear Tom,Haven’t heard from you for nearly three months. Hope you are doing well.I have recently finished an evening course on the use of the internet and I have found it extremely useful. Maybe you would like to know more about it.It was a four week course, with two sessions each week, run by a software company. The content included the use of browsing software like IE and Netscape, sending and receiving e-mails, web page making, etc. All the participants found the course interesting and easy to follow. Now I surf on the net nearly every day.The tuition was fairly reasonable ---- $80 for 24 hours. Also, participants enjoy a 30% discount when buying software from the company. If you are interested, please ring 1234567 for details.Apart from my newly found pastime, I have been more or less the same as before.Drop me a line when you have time. If you know how to send e-mails, this is my address: liming@Regards,Li Ming课堂测试(Choice one) ----Time: 20 minutesDirections:Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.Y ou should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “ Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)课堂测试(Choice two)---- Time: 20 minutesDirections:Y ou are preparing for an English Test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for: 1) detailed information about the books you want; 2) methods of payment; 3) time and way of delivery;Y ou should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “ Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address (10 points)。

四级作文讲义.doc

CHAPTER 1基本写作常识1写作步骤1.审题审题是最重要的一步，应分析题目的构成，辨别义体，抓住关键词，找出主题词和限定词.2.构思构思时应注意以下几个问题：1.研究作文题目的限定范围和可供利用的材料以及具有启发性的暗示.2.从多方面联想与主题相关的材料°3.找出所要论述的关键词或短语4.考虑从儿个方面进行讨论或描述5.具体考虑各段在义章中的作用6.写出全篇的提纲和简单的草稿.例：在构思Why Good Manners 一篇作文的时■候我们应按照如下几个步骤来构思：1.题目给出的话题是good manners,而且限定的范围是分析其原因。

2.根据上述范围我们可以联想到：有礼貌的重要性，没有礼貌会带来的不良影响，社会发展的需要，对学生来说有礼貌的意义，对其他行业的人来说礼貌的意义，从社会学的角度，从经济学的角度等。

但是在四级写作中，根据我们的知识水平，可以适当选择：有礼貌对学生的意义，没有礼貌的坏处等3.关键词：good manners, students, importance, benefits, harms4.应从以下几个方而进行论述①有礼貌的重要性②对学生的重要意义③没有礼貌的危害④总结号召大家要有礼貌首段点题，展开段论证有礼貌的重要性，结尾段重中主题发出号召。

提纲及草稿(略)4草拟写作提纲(1)为什么要写提纲在写作过程中，编写提纲是非常必要的。

TOEFL考试中心建议：”Think before you write, making notes maybe help you to organize your essay." Michigan 考试中心也建议："It is wise to take a few minutes to organize your thoughts, once you have chosen a topic, and make a brief outline-可见在写作文前先编写一个提纲还是必要的，它往往是确保写出内容切题、条理清楚的作文的关键。

英语四级作文讲义

解释说明类作文注释：（1）说明XX现象（2）原因一（3）原因二（4）原因三（5）指出主要原因（6）解决建议一（7）解决建议二Generation gap between parents and childrenNowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows .The first one is that ( the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides (due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of generation gap is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) .It is high time that something were done upon it. On the one hand (children should respect their parents ).On the other hand,( parents also should show solicitude for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap .对比观点型要求考试生比较两种观点或两种做法，从而表面自己对问题或事物的态度。

应用文讲义(一)

ⅠBasic information of practical writing书信格式一、结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构，即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。

二、结构则是齐头式结构，在商务英语中比较流行，尤其普遍运用于电子邮件的交流中，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。

附表1：1.Heading指写信人的地址和写信日期，位于信的右上角。

顺序：第一行写门牌号码、路名；第二行写市（县）、省（州、郡）名，寄往国外的信要加国名；第三行写寄信日期2.Inside Address（收信人地址）位于左上角，略低于写信日期3.Salutation低于收信人地址，左边顶格写起4.Body开头空4-8格，不用写“你好”plementary close位于正文的下一行右边6.Signature在结束语的下一行，除了对熟悉的人和亲密的人之外，签名必须要写全名。

范例1注意事项：注意：1.如果不知道收信人的名字，可以写上Dear /To whomever it may concern 2.结束语No.236 Xuefu Road Beijing, China March 20, 2004035 Monkey RoadLos Angles, AmericaDear Li Lei：I got my plane ticket this morning. I will fly to New York next Monday.I’m very excited! I can hardly wait to see you.YoursHan Meimei商业信函：Sincerely yours, Yours truly, Yours sincerely 书信技巧和模板一、感谢信（Letter of thanks ）要求和注意事项（Requirements ）1. 对对方给与的款待、礼物或帮助等表示由衷的感谢。

公共英语复习讲义四级辅导四

realistic adj.现实(主义)的
e.g.This is a realistic novel about the reform. 这是一部关于改革的现实小说。

He holds a realistic view towards life instead of a ideal one.
对于生活，他很现实而不是理想化的。

biodegrade vt. 生物递降分解
biodynamic adj.生物动力(学)的
pick up v. 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神,随便地认识学会。

e.g.Did you pick up a wallet on the ground just now?
你刚才在地上捡到一个钱包吗?
My radio can pick up France.
我的收音机可收听法国广播。

He picked up himself soon after his failure in business.
经商失败以后，他很快就重新振作了起来。

He picked up a few French words on his trip to paris.
他在去巴黎的旅途中学会了几个法语的词。

contradict vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触
e.g.The reports contradict each other.
这些报告相互矛盾。

Your actions contradict your declared moral principles.
你的行为违背了你宣称的道德准则。

His statement contradicts with the facts.
他所说的话与事实矛盾。

四级写作讲义

Some Suggestions for Writing of the CET-4I 常考题材关于大学生的学习、校园生活及对将来的工作、人生等方面的态度和看法；例：(05-12) Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?贴近社会、发展和进步的热点话题，往往与日常生活紧密相关。

例：(06-12）On the Spring Festival Gala(04-6) A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction出题方式1: 提纲式文字命题e.g (06-12)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to writea composition on the topic On the Spring Festival Gala. Youshould write at least 120 words and base your composition onthe outline (given in Chinese）below:1) 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2) 有些人提出取消春节晚会3) 我的看法出题方式2: 提纲式图表命题e.g (02－6)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use Of Computers. You should write at least 120 words andbase your composition on the outline given in the below1)上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化.2)说明发生这种变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展方面加以说明）.3)你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难和问题出题方式3:“情景＋提纲”式命题应用文，信函（建议信、拒绝信、投诉信）(04-1) A Letter in Reply to a Friend(02-1) A Letter to a University President about the Canteen Service on Campus(01-6) A Letter to a Schoolmate倡议书(06-6）A Poster Recruiting V olunteers演说辞(05-1) A Campaign SpeechII 写作类型１提纲式命题作文和提纲式图表作文现象解释型(试题主体部分是要求对一种现象产生的原因进行解释)问题解决型(试题主体部分是要求针对一个问题提供解决方案)对比选择型(试题主体部分是要求对两种观点或两种现象作对比选择)观点论证型(试题主体部分是要求论证一种观点)说明文(书信为主:建议信、拒绝信、投书信、倡议书、演讲辞、通知）记叙文III 材料组织形式关于写作的建议1)了解写作类型与体裁，做到所谓的模板拆分和重新组合。

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(待续) Thank you from the bottom of my heart.衷心感谢您。

Thank you so much for your generous hospitality.非常感谢您慷慨的款待。

Please accept ( I wish to express )my sincere (grateful) (profound) appreciation for ...请接受（致以）真挚的（衷心的）（深切的）感谢......There is nothing more important (satisfying) (gratifying) to me than to receive one of your letters.再也没有比收到您的来信更使我觉得重要（快慰）（感激）了。

It’s generous of you to take so much interest in my work( to give me so much of your time) (to show me so much consideration).承蒙对我的工作如此操心（为我花费这么多时间）（对我如此关怀）。

I regret very much that I did not have an opportunity to thank you personally for ...未能面谢，深表遗憾。

Thank you for one of the most memorable days of my trip.为了旅途中最值得留念的一天，谨向您表示感谢Thank you for doing so much to make my trip to New York interesting(pleasant)(resultful).为了使我去纽约的旅游有趣（愉快）（大有收获），您做了许多事，特此致谢。

You must give me the chance to return your kindness when you visit here.希望您光临我处，使我能答谢您的盛情。

求学信你想去美国某大学攻读中西文学的比较研究。

信中介绍了你毕业的院校、现从事的职业及专业、拟学的专业等。

信中还提及索要求学的申请表格及咨询奖学金等事宜。

信末提醒学校及时回信。

Dear Sir/Madam,I am writing to request admission into the Department of Englis h Language and Literature at your university for the fall semester o f 2011.It is my long-cherished desire to pursue comparative study of Chinese and Western literature at a university in the United Stat es.I graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Shandon g University, a famous university in the western part of China. I a m currently a teacher of English for non-English majors at Shandon g University of Science and Technology.I really appreciate it if you could send me the necessary applica tion forms for admission with information about how to apply for s cholarship or other financial aid.I am looking forward to your reply/response at your earliest con venience.Yours faithfullyLi Ming通知(告示)Directions: The Students' Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information:1) 比赛目的、时间、地点，2) 参赛者的要求，3) 裁判和奖励的细节。

You should write about 120 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese Speaking ContestFebruary 3, 2008To improve students' ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students' Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (February 10th) at the Students' Auditorium( 礼堂). Those who are interested may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week. Five professors will be invited to be judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students' UnionDepartment of Chinese Language and Literature邀请信和通知其实类似，开头讲目的，中间讲流程，最后提醒。

My fellow students:I am****, the president of the student`s union. According to th e recent conference of the university board, **** will be held in** ******(时间和地点），and it is decided that every class shall send 3 representatives to attend this significant activity.Here are the details and precedures we have to follow on thatday. At 9 a.m...................Then...........3 hours later.......By the way , you`d better.........and remember all the details.I am cordially looking forward to seeing all of you.Yours sincerely,&&&&邀请信Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an in vitation letter to them individually:1）邀请参加晚会，2）说明举办晚会的原因，3）将安排哪些活动。

Dear ***,I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jing's wedding ceremony with Ms. Huang Rong to be hel d at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2007.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like yo u to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will sta rt at seven o'clock in the evening, with the showing of their weddi ng ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around t en, we will hold a small musical soiree(晚会,黄昏时的聚会), at wh ich a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.We are looking forward to the pleasure of your company (your reply and arrival).Yours sincerely,Li Ming投诉信1、对所遇到的困扰，恶劣的服务态度，劣质的产品等提出抗议和改进的建议。

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