中考最后冲刺--重要语法点
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第二次辅导重要语法点
(1)happen
happen是不及物动词,它的用法常见的有如下几种情况:
1. 表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”,常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达,此时主语应是事情。
例如:
The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在2003年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
2. 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达。
例如:
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦?
3. 表示“某人碰巧做某事”,要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。
例如:
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
4. happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时,还可用“It happens / happened that...”这一结构来表达。
例如:
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. 碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。
It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。
注:that从句中的主语是人时,此种结构可以与“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”结构互换。
例如:It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. = Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
take place:指事先安排好的事情,不含“偶然”之意。
(2)stop
1、当“stop”作名词时,意为“停下、中止”。
如:
I was at the bus stop last night. 昨晚,我在公共汽车站。
The car goes through without a stop. 汽车中途不停。
2、当“stop”作动词时,意为“停下,阻止”。
如:
The rain has stopped. 雨已停了。
固定句型一1、stop doing sth. 停止做某事。
2、stop to do停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。
例:I want to ask my father to stop smoking.我想叫我的父亲停止吸烟。
They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。
3、stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
例如:No one can stop us from carrying out the plan.
任何人都无法阻止我们实施计划。
(3)much too与too much的用法区别
两者结构相似,很容易混淆。
小窍门:
too much -----就看much
much too -----就看too
前面的不要管它. 归根结底是much和too的区别
*(too) much
1.相当于形容词,意为“more than enough”,用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。
如:
Americans eat too much meat in my opinion.依我看,美国人吃的肉太多。
I drank too much cola last night.昨天晚上我可乐喝得太多了。
The work is too much for her.这工作她干不了。
She's afraid the trip will be too much for me.她怕我受不了旅途的劳累。
2.相当于名词,在句子中作主语或宾语。
如:
Too much was happening all at once.同时发生的事情太多了。
You have given me too much.你给我的太多了。
3.相当于副词,在句子中作状语。
如:
You work too much.你工作干得太多了。
She talks too much.她话说得太多了。
*(much) too
much too的用法比较简单,只用作副词作状语,但它不单独使用,在句子中要修饰形容词或副词,但不修饰动词。
如:
You are much too kind to me.你对我实在太好了。
It's much too cold.天气实在太冷了。
You are driving much too fast.你开车太快了。
例:
I felt ________ tried because I had ________ homework.(D)
A.too much; much too B.very much; too much
C.too much; very much D.much too; too much
(4)show
show用作不及物动词,有“显现;显出;露出”等意思;用作及物动词,有以下含义:
1.意为“给……看;出示;显示”,常构成“show sb sth”或“show sth to sb”结构。
如:
Will you kindly show me that coat over there? 请把那儿的上衣拿给我看看好吗?
Show your tickets, please. 请出示车票。
[特别注意]在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them 时,只能用“show it(them) to sb”结构。
如:
正:You have a new pen, please show it to me.
误:You have a new pen, please show me it.
2.意为“带领;引领”,习惯搭配有show sb to..., show sb around...等。
如:
Please show me to your school. 请带我到你们学校去。
Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm. 王叔叔要领我们参观他的农场。
3. 意为“(向人)说明;表明;指示;放映;展出”等。
如:
Your homework shows that you are careful.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。
Show me the way, please.请给我指路。
4. show还可用作名词,意为“展览;陈列;演出”。
如:
There is going to be a picture show in our school. 我们学校将举办一次画展。
Her mother is in show business.她的母亲从事演艺事业。
(5)bring和take的相关短语
bring:
bring out(1) 取出,拿出。
(2) 显示出,揭示出,衬托出,使出来。
(3) 出版(书刊等),推出(作品、产品等)。
bring up (1) 提出,提起(2) 抚养,培养(3) 呕吐。
bring about 引起,实现,导致
bring on(1) 带来,造成,引起。
(2) 促使成长或生长。
如:The hot weather is bringing the wheat on nicely. (3) 帮助(3) (学习者等)进步或提高。
如:More study can bring on your English. take:
take back收回,接回,退回。
take down 写下,记下
take in (1) 收留) (2) 包括(3)理解(4) 欺骗,使上当。
如:Don’t be taken in by his promises. take off (1) 脱下(2) 起飞(3) 打折扣,扣掉,去掉如:Can you take five dollars off the price? (4) 请假,休息。
如:I want to take a day off (from work).
take on (1) 聘用,雇用。
如:The company decided to take on a new secretary. 这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。
(2) 呈现,显现,具有。
如:
This word had taken a new meaning. 这个词有了新的意义。
(3) 承担或担任(工作或责任等)。
如:He advised me not to take too much work.。
take over 接替,接管,继承。
take away带走,拿走,移走,除去;没收,剥夺
If you take away 3 from 8, 5 remains
I fancy an Indian take-away.
take out(1)取出(2)扣除;除去(3)带...出去
(5) turn的用法
turn away 1.把…打发走;解雇:turned away the salesperson. 2.驱逐
turn back 1. 折回,往回走:掉转某人的运动方向:2. 使停止前进,挡住:3翻起,折转:Turn back the corner of the page to save your place in the book.
在书角上折一下来作读到哪里的记号
turn down. 1.降低,减弱:调低速度、音量、强度或流量:2.拒绝:拒绝某人、建议或忠告:3. 翻下:折转或能够被翻下:turn a collar down翻下衣领
turn in 1.交还;上交:2.检举,陈述:The criminal turned herself in. (自首)3.【非正式用语】上床睡觉:I turned in early last night
turn on 1.打开,开启:使开始运作、活动或流动:2. 开始展示,显露出,流露出:turn on the charm.
turn up 1.开大,调高:增加速度、音量,强度或流量:2.发现,找到:3.出现;到达:Several old friends turned up at the reunion. 4. 变得明显:
Her name constantly turns up in art circles.
turn off 1. 关闭,停止:终止运转、行为或流动;关掉:2. 讨厌,厌恶:使不喜欢,讨厌或厌恶:That song really turns me off. 我一点也不喜欢那首歌
(6)win、beat和defeat
1.win和beat都可用作及物动词,作"赢"、"战胜"讲时,其区别主要在于宾语的不同。
充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词,即race,match,game, competition,war, prize之类的词。
例如:They won the match this time.这次比赛他们赢了。
He won first prize in the surfing competition.他在冲浪比赛中获得第一。
充当beat的宾语的则是比赛、竞争的对手,即指人或球队的名词或代词。
例如:We played very well,and we beaten them.我们发挥很好,打败了他们。
We beat the strongest team in the football match this time.在这次足球赛中我们战胜了最强的那个队。
defeat 的实际意思不是“失败”、“战败”等,而是“击败(某人)”、“战胜(某人)”,它在现代英语中总是用作及物动词动词。
defeat 和win 都可表示“赢”,但前者总是以“人”作其宾语,而后者则总是以“事物”(如比赛、奖品、战斗等)作其宾语。
(7)in the end、at the end of和by the end of
1. in the end 和at last 差不多,就是指在最后,
They won in the end. 最后他们赢了。
2.at he end of 是在……的最后,
He could eat nothing at the end of his life. 在他生命的最后日子他什么也吃不了了。
3.by the end of 通常表示将来,到……快结束/末尾的时候
如:By the end of 2007, I will go to Hainan to spend my holiday.
(8)another、other、the other、others、others
another
表示不定数目中的“另一个,又一个”,常用于单数可数名词前。
例
如:
I don’t like the black one, would you give me another one?
我不喜欢黑色的这个,你能给我别的吗?
If we faill, we’ll have another try.
如果我们失败了,我们将再试一次。
other
只用作定语,泛指“别的,其余的”,后可跟单数名词,也可跟复数
名词。
例如:
Do you have any other book on this subject?
关于这个题目你还有其他的书吗?
What other things can you see?
你还能看见别的东西吗?
the other
作定语,后跟单数名词,表示两个中的另一个,跟复数名词,表
示特指的人或物;the other也可以作代词,表示特指的另一个。
例如:
I have two friedns. One is a teacher and the other is a boss.
我有两个朋友。
一个是老师,另一个是老板。
The other students in my class are from Italy.
我班其余同学都是意大利人。
others,the others
都只能作代词。
others用于泛指,表示“别的人或物”,
the others
用于特指,表示某个范围呢“其余的人或物,所有的其他人或
物”。
例如:
Some students work harder than others.
有些学生比别的学生学习努力。
Mr Green has four sons;one is in New York,but the others are in
Washington.
格林先生有四个儿子,一个在纽约,其余的都在华盛顿。
相关词组:
any other后接复数名词,表示“一些其他….”, 后接单数名词,表示“其他任何一个”
one…. the other….表示“(两个中)一个….另一个….”
some…..the others…..表示“(三个或以上)一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others”
the others = the rest。