大学生就业能力的影响因素分析

大学生就业能力的影响因素分析

摘要

随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断发展，我国高等教育迅猛发展，高等教育大众化、社会化进程的逐步加快，导致高等教育的竞争愈发激烈，大学生就业形势日趋严峻，大学生就业难的问题已成为社会各界广泛关注的焦点。而大学生就业能力的高低在很大程度上决定着他们能否在就业竞争中获胜。现如今大学生的就业能力现状存在很多问题如：缺乏应用能力，无法将自己所学的专业、理论知识和用人单位的实践相结合；专业理论知识不足，专业素质不强，往往无法达到用人单位对职位的基本需求；心理承受力较弱，就业心理素质差，在就业过程中承受困难和挫折的能力较差；缺乏主动性，“等、靠、要”的思想严重；就业目标不明确，就业观念滞后，对自己的职业兴趣、职业潜能不了解、对自己的职业价值观定位不准确。大学生就业能力是大学毕业生在校期间通过对专业知识与相关知识的学习、积累以及对自身潜能的开发，而获得的能够实现自己就业目标和理想、满足社会需求、在社会生活中实现自身价值的本领。是一种与职业相关、符合职业岗位需求的综合能力，是大学生获得就业机会的能力。影响大学生就业能力的因素有社会因素如经济状况，用人单位因素如劳动力市场信号紊乱，高校的因素如专业的设置不对口，政府因素如对学校管理不合理，个人因素如心理素质。本文对大学生就业能力概念及其结构进行综述，结合当前的大学生就业状况和大学生就业能力的一些现象进而找出影响它们的因素有哪些并对这些因素进行分析而相应提出一些解决方法。希望在对大学生就业关注的同时能引起更多人对大学生就业能力的思考，进而能找到更多有效提高就业能力的方法，通过给大学生创造良好环境以及应用正确的指导方法来提高大学生就业能力。大学生自己通过各种锻炼来提高自己的就业能力，从而为就业增加筹码，从而缓解大学生就业压力。

关键词：就业能力；影响因素；因素分析；概念综述

Abstract

As the socialist market economic system continues to develop, the rapid development of higher education, higher education, socialization process is picking up speed, resulting in increasingly fierce competition in higher education, students increasingly severe employment situation, the difficult problem of employment of university students has become community-wide focus. The level of employability of university students in large part determine whether they can win in the competition for jobs. Now the employability status of students, there are many problems such as: lack of proficiency, you can not learn their own professional, theoretical knowledge and the employer's practice; lack of professional knowledge, professional quality is not strong, are often unable to meet employers on positions of the basic needs; psychological endurance is weak, the poor quality of employment psychological, in the course of employment difficulties and setbacks, the ability to withstand poor; lack of initiative, "and so on, rely on, to" thinking seriously; employment goals are not clear, employment concept of hysteresis, for their own career interests, career potential do not understand their own professional values orientation is not accurate. Employability of university graduates students in school through the expertise and knowledge of learning, accumulation and development of their own potential, can be obtained to achieve their employment goals and ideals, to meet the needs of society, in social life to realize their own value ability. Is a career-related, in line with the needs of professional positions overall capacity of college students access to employment opportunities. Factors affecting the employability of students of social factors such as economic conditions, factors such as the employer of labor market signals disorders, factors such as professional colleges set does not correspond to the government of the school management factors such as irrational, personal factors such as psychological qualities. This concept of employability of students and structure are reviewed, with the current employment situation of university and college students employability of some of the phenomena and thus to identify the factors which affect them and to analyze these factors and to propose some solutions. Want to focus on the employment of university students at the same time can cause more people to the employment of college students the ability to think, and then find more effective ways to improve employability, to create a good environment for students by giving the right guidance and application methods to improve the employability of students. Students themselves through a variety of exercises to improve their employability, so as to increase employment, a bargaining chip to ease the employment pressure on university students.

Key words: employability; factors; factor analysis; conceptual overview