英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79

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英语翻译试题及答案

英语翻译试题及答案一、单句翻译（共10分，每题2分）1. 请将以下句子从中文翻译成英文：“他每天早晨都会去公园跑步。

”Answer: He goes for a run in the park every morning.2. 请将以下句子从英文翻译成中文："The sun rises in the east and sets in the west."Answer: 太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。

3. 请将以下句子从中文翻译成英文：“她对音乐有着浓厚的兴趣。

”Answer: She has a strong interest in music.4. 请将以下句子从英文翻译成中文："Knowledge is power."Answer: 知识就是力量。

5. 请将以下句子从中文翻译成英文：“他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。

”Answer: They are discussing how to solve this problem.二、段落翻译（共20分，每段5分）1. 中译英：“随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。

”Answer: With the development of technology, our lives are becoming more and more convenient.2. 英译中："Innovation is the soul of national progress and an inexhaustible driving force for a country's prosperity."Answer: 创新是民族进步的灵魂，是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。

3. 中译英：“环境保护是我们每个人的责任。

”Answer: Environmental protection is the responsibility of each of us.4. 英译中："The world is full of beauty, waiting for us to discover." Answer: 世界充满了美，等待着我们去发现。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编74

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编74(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：27，分数：50.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：ernment watchdog（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：政府监督)解析：3.carbon footprint（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：碳足迹，碳排放)解析：4.Twitter（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：推特)解析：5.funemployment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：失业乐活)解析：6.Diesel oil（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：柴油)解析：7.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：8.借词（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：loanword)解析：9.全球暖化（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：global warming)解析：10.经济不景气（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：the economic recession)解析：11.经济适用房（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：affordable housing)解析：12.节能减排（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：energy saving and emission reduction)解析：13.面向基层（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：toward grassroots)解析：14.反腐倡廉（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：promote clean government and combat corruption)解析：15.法治国家（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a country under the rule of law)解析：16.生态文明（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：ecological civilization)解析：17.误译（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：misinterpret)解析：18.非物质文化遗产（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：intangible cultural heritage)解析：19.执政为民（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：assume power for the people)解析：20.生态移民（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：ecological migrants)解析：21.对等词（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：equivalence word)解析：22.民意测验（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：opinion polls)解析：23.年度风云人物（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：the man of the year)解析：24.举报电话（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：informants"hot-line telephone)解析：25.抢占科技制高点（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：seize the technological high ground)解析：26.保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：protection of the "rice bag" ,"basket" security)解析：27.推进政务公开（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：promote government affairs openness)解析：。

大学英语翻译试题及答案

大学英语翻译试题及答案一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共10分）1. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- (1) Innovation- (2) Sustainability- (3) Diversification- (4) Globalization- (5) Entrepreneurship2. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- (1) 创新- (2) 可持续性- (3) 多样化- (4) 全球化- (5) 创业精神二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：- (1) "Innovation is the key to a company's success." - (2) "Sustainability is a long-term commitment."- (3) "Diversification helps to spread risk."- (4) "Globalization has brought new opportunities." - (5) "Entrepreneurship is about taking risks."2. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：- (1) “创新是公司成功的关键。

”- (2) “可持续性是一项长期的承诺。

”- (3) “多样化有助于分散风险。

”- (4) “全球化带来了新的机会。

”- (5) “创业精神是关于承担风险。

”三、段落翻译（每题10分，共20分）1. 请将下列英文段落翻译成中文："In the era of rapid technological advancement, companies must embrace innovation to stay competitive. This involves not only developing new products and services but alsofinding more efficient ways to operate. Sustainability is also crucial, as it ensures that business practices do not harm the environment or deplete resources for future generations."2. 请将下列中文段落翻译成英文：“在快速技术进步的时代，公司必须拥抱创新以保持竞争力。

笔译试题及答案

笔译试题及答案一、单句翻译（每题2分，共10分）1. 随着全球化的推进，跨国公司的数量不断增加。

2. 他总是第一个到达办公室，最后一个离开。

3. 我们的目标是提高产品质量并降低成本。

4. 她对历史有着浓厚的兴趣。

5. 由于天气恶劣，航班被迫取消。

答案：1. With the advancement of globalization, the number of multinational corporations continues to grow.2. He always arrives at the office first and leaves last.3. Our goal is to enhance product quality and reduce costs.4. She has a strong interest in history.5. Due to the adverse weather conditions, the flight wasforced to be canceled.二、段落翻译（每题5分，共20分）1. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得越来越便利。

智能手机、互联网和人工智能等技术的广泛应用，极大地改变了我们的生活方式。

2. 环境保护是当今世界面临的重大挑战之一。

我们必须采取有效措施来减少污染，保护我们共同的家园。

3. 教育对于个人和社会的发展至关重要。

良好的教育能够提高人们的素质，促进社会的进步。

4. 健康的生活方式对于预防疾病和提高生活质量至关重要。

均衡饮食、适量运动和充足睡眠是保持健康的三大要素。

答案：1. With the development of technology, people's lives are becoming more and more convenient. The widespread application of technologies such as smartphones, the internet, andartificial intelligence has greatly changed our way of life. 2. Environmental protection is one of the major challenges facing the world today. We must take effective measures to reduce pollution and protect our common home.3. Education is crucial for the development of individualsand society. A good education can improve people's qualityand promote the progress of society.4. A healthy lifestyle is essential for preventing diseases and improving the quality of life. A balanced diet, moderate exercise, and adequate sleep are the three major elements of maintaining health.三、篇章翻译（每题10分，共20分）1. 在过去的几十年里，中国经历了快速的经济发展。

历年高考英语试卷译文

第一部分：听力Section A1. M: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest post office?W: Sure. Go straight ahead for two blocks, then turn left. The post office is on the corner.Q: Where is the nearest post office?译文：男士问最近的邮局在哪里，女士告诉他直走两个街区，然后左转，邮局在拐角处。

2. W: I'm sorry, I can't find my pen. Do you have one you can lend me?M: Yes, I do. Here you are.Q: What does the woman want?译文：女士说她找不到笔了，问男士是否有可以借给她的一支笔，男士说他有，并递给了她。

3. M: How was your trip to Beijing?W: It was wonderful. I visited the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. The food was also great.Q: What did the woman do during her trip to Beijing?译文：男士问女士去北京的旅行怎么样，女士说她玩得很开心，参观了长城和故宫，食物也很好吃。

Section B4. W: I'm sorry, but I can't help you with that. I'm just a salesperson here.M: I see. I thought you were the manager.Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?译文：女士说她无法帮助男士，因为她只是这里的售货员，男士以为她是经理。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79.doc

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.2010年12月，为了向年轻一代普及航天科学教育，海南省开始在文昌市建设航天主题公园。

公园占地1800亩，紧邻文昌卫星发射中心。

工程预计花费30亿元，在2013年完工。

这个航天主题公园将分四个展览区，包括地球、月球、火星和太阳。

游客甚至可以进入发射台，实地观看火箭发射。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.1957年10月苏联成功发射第一颗人造卫星，揭开了人类历史由地球迈向太空的第一页。

此后短短半个世纪里，人类的外空探索活动突飞猛进，取得了辉煌的成就。

人类不仅成功登陆月球，而且还将研究的触手伸向火星等更为遥远的星球。

截止到2006年底，环绕地球飞行的各类人造物体，包括人造卫星、航天飞机、国际空间站、空间实验室等接近6000个。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.博鳌论坛的经历给了刘晓宁不小的打击，生活上的拮据让她开始反思自己做公务员两年多的经历。

都说公务员舒服，但刘晓宁每天的工作时间都在10小时以上，加班到晚上八九点钟，是很正常的事。

如果有活动，赶工到夜里12点，也是家常便饭。

（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响理论研究认为，老龄化会减少劳动力供给，降低社会储蓄率，导致产出和资本形成能力下降，最终影响经济增长。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编70(题后含答案及解析)

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编70(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．market access正确答案：市场准入2．venture investment正确答案：风险投资3．trade liberalization正确答案：贸易自由化4．ecosystem正确答案：生态系统5．artificial intelligence正确答案：人工智能6．innovation-incentive mechanism正确答案：创新激励机制7．the Millennium Development Goals正确答案：(联合国)千年发展目标8．the Beijing Olympic Mascots正确答案：北京奥运会吉祥物9．cultural heritage正确答案：文化遗产10．national treatment正确答案：国民待遇11．NPC正确答案：全国人民代表大会(National People’s Congress)12．IMF正确答案：国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)13．UNDP正确答案：联合国开发计划(United Nations Development Programme)14．IAEA正确答案：国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency)15．UNESCO正确答案：联合国教育、科学及文化组织，简称联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)汉译英16．温室效应正确答案：greenhouse effect17．自然保护区正确答案：nature reserve; natural conservation area18．载人飞船正确答案：manned spacecraft19．转基因食品正确答案：Genetically Modified Foods (GMF)20．外汇储备正确答案：Foreign Exchange Reserve21．按揭贷款正确答案：mortgage loan22．上海证券交易所正确答案：Shanghai Stock Exchange23．全国人民代表大会正确答案：National People’s Congress (NPC) 24．《论语》正确答案：The Analects25．端午节正确答案：Dragon Boat Festival; Double Fifth Festival。

各种翻译考试题及答案

各种翻译考试题及答案翻译考试是一种评估考生语言转换能力的专业测试，通常包括笔译和口译两个部分。

考试内容可能涉及文学、科技、商务、法律等多个领域。

以下是一些模拟的翻译考试题目及参考答案，供参考。

题目一：英译汉原文："In the pursuit of knowledge, every individual is an explorer, and the more we learn, the more we realize how much we do not know."参考答案：在追求知识的过程中，每个人都是探险者，我们学得越多，就越意识到我们不知道的有多少。

题目二：汉译英原文：“中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化，其中，书法艺术是中国文化的重要组成部分。

”参考答案：China has a long history and a rich culture, among which calligraphy is an important component of Chinese culture.题目三：英译汉（科技领域）原文："The advent of quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize the field of cryptography, offering new ways to secure data against the ever-growing threats of cyber-attacks."参考答案：量子计算的出现有可能彻底改变密码学领域，为数据安全提供新的方法，以抵御日益增长的网络攻击威胁。

题目四：汉译英（法律领域）原文：“合同一旦签署，双方均应遵守合同条款，任何一方违约，都应承担相应的法律责任。

”参考答案：Once a contract is signed, both parties should abide by the terms of the contract. Any breach of contract by either party should bear the corresponding legal responsibilities.题目五：口译练习（商务谈判场景）情景描述：一位中国企业家与外国投资者进行商务谈判，讨论合作事宜。

翻译英文考试题及答案

翻译英文考试题及答案1. 将下列英文句子翻译成中文。

- 英文：Please turn off the lights when you leave the room. - 中文：当你离开房间时，请关灯。

2. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文。

- 中文：他每天早晨都要去公园散步。

- 英文：He goes for a walk in the park every morning.3. 翻译下列英文段落，并解释其中划线部分的含义。

- 英文：The weather forecast predicts heavy rain for the weekend. It is advisable to carry an umbrella.- 中文：天气预报预测周末有大雨。

建议携带雨伞。

- 解释：划线部分“heavy rain”指的是大雨，意味着降水量较大。

4. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文，并解释其中划线部分的含义。

- 中文：随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。

- 英文：With the development of technology, our lives are becoming more and more convenient.- 解释：划线部分“more and more convenient”意味着随着时间的推移，生活便利性在不断增加。

5. 翻译下列英文句子，并指出其语法结构。

- 英文：She has been studying English for three years.- 中文：她已经学习英语三年了。

- 语法结构：这是一个现在完成进行时的句子，表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作。

6. 将下列中文句子翻译成英文，并指出其语法结构。

- 中文：他们正在讨论明天的会议。

- 英文：They are discussing the meeting tomorrow.- 语法结构：这是一个现在进行时的句子，表示现在正在进行的动作。

英语笔译初级试题库及答案

英语笔译初级试题库及答案一、单句翻译（每题2分，共10分）1. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。

2. 他不仅是一位优秀的教师，还是一位受人尊敬的学者。

3. 请把窗户关上，外面风很大。

4. 这个项目的成功在很大程度上取决于团队的合作。

5. 她的微笑掩盖了她内心的焦虑。

答案：1. With the development of technology, our lives are becoming more and more convenient.2. He is not only an excellent teacher but also a respected scholar.3. Please close the window, as it's very windy outside.4. The success of this project largely depends on the team's cooperation.5. Her smile masked her inner anxiety.二、段落翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共20分）1. In recent years, the popularity of cycling as a form of exercise has grown significantly. More and more people are choosing to cycle to work or for leisure, as it is a healthy and environmentally friendly option. Additionally, advancements in bicycle technology have made cycling more accessible and enjoyable.答案：1. 近年来，作为一种运动形式的自行车骑行越来越受欢迎。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79(题后含答案及解析)

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编79(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．N. T正确答案：新约(New Testmament)2．Netizen正确答案：网民3．accumulated fund正确答案：累积基金4．a bissextile year正确答案：闰年5．deficit budget正确答案：赤字预算6．health resort正确答案：疗养胜地7．knowledge industry正确答案：知识产业8．GNP正确答案：国民生产总值9．foreign exchange control正确答案：外汇管制10．FTA正确答案：自由贸易协定11．singe one’s wings正确答案：束手无策；损害自己名誉12．Daniel come to judgment正确答案：明智地裁决别人所不能解决的问题的人13．Myanmar正确答案：缅甸14．Tropical Cancer正确答案：《北回归线》15．Mercedes-Benz正确答案：梅赛德斯一奔驰汉译英16．年度风云人物正确答案：the man of the year17．举报电话正确答案：informants’ hot-line telephone18．抢占科技制高点正确答案：seize the technological high ground19．保障“米袋子”、“菜篮子”安全正确答案：protection of the “rice bag” , “basket” security 20．推进政务公开正确答案：promote government affairs openness 21．Occupy Central正确答案：占中22．square dancing; plaza dancing正确答案：广场舞23．Ukraine正确答案：乌克兰24．Brisbane正确答案：布里斯班25．Silk Road Fund正确答案：丝路基金。

英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编2.doc

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into Chinese．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(中国矿业大学2007研，考试科目：基础英语)Autumn is blatantly vital season, contrary to the allegations of sorrowful poets who misconstrue the message of dying leaves. A more realistic poet, Archibald Macleish, says that " Autumn is the American season. In Europe the leaves turn yellow or brown and fall. Here they take fire on the trees and hang there flaming. Life, too, we think, is capable of taking fire in this country: of creating beauty never seen. "Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. Yale Lecturer William Zinsser hit the nail squarely, " The whole notion of New Year"s Day as the time is autumn. Popular pleasure shows itself in those hastening steps and brightened smiles encountered as the air grows nippier. Some psychiatrists have patients who grow almost alarmed at how congenial they suddenly feel. " The season of autumn does induce a quickening of the blood and a heightening of humankind"s sensual pleasures. Yet the very jubilant excesses that ensue often lead, at last, to the well-known post-Thanksgiving "holiday blues". In darker ways still, fate and tragedy have made some American Novembers seem crueler than April.Autumn is honest: it does not pretend to be heaven. Yet almost everybody recognizes that the season"s character transcends those familiar bracing days, crystal nights, bigger stars, vaulted skies, fluted twilights, harvest moons, frosted pumpkins and that riotous foliage that impels whole traffic jams of leaf freaks up into New England. What is not recognized is that autumn is richly enhanced simply by what it is not. Specifically, it is not summer, winter or spring.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into Chinese．(中国矿业大学2006研，考试科目：基础英语)I am fond of loitering about country churches, and this was so delightfully situated that it frequently attracted me. It stood on a knoll, round which a small stream made a beautiful bend and then wound its way trough a long reach of soft meadow scenery. The church was surrounded by yew trees which seemed almost coeval with itself. Its tall Gothic spire shot up lightly from among them, with rooks and crows generally wheeling about it. I was seated there one still sunny morning watching two laborers who were digging a grave. I was told that the new-made grave was for the only son of a poor widow. While I was meditating on the distinctions of worldly rank which extend thus down into the very dust, the toll of the bell announced the approach of the funeral. They were the obsequies of poverty with which pride had nothing to do. A coffin of plainest materials, without pall or other covering, was borne by some of the villagers. The sexton walked before with an air of cold indifference. There were no mock mourners in the trappings of affected woe, but there was one real mourner who feebly tottered after the corpse. It was the aged mother of the dec eased, the poor old woman whom I had seen seated on the steps of the altar. She was supported by a humble friend, who was endeavoring to comfort her. A few of the neighboring poor had joined the train, and some children of the village were running hand in hand, now shouting with unthinking mirth, and now pausing to gaze with childish curiosity on the grief of the mourner.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Translate the following passages into Chinese．(深圳大学2007研，考试科目：综合英语)As miracle goes, a number of Black Americans so nonchalantly taking the reins of huge companies does not, of course, really rank with the parting of the sea. However, it does say something significant concerning better opportu-nity in an arena that, until very recently, might as well have hung "Blacks Not Allowed"signs. And, if nothing else, the successes of such high-profile Afro-Americanfigures as new corporate titans offer the black youngsters a glance at a possible future and a loftier path, and serve as a reminder to all of us, black or white, that a nation is at its best when talent triumphs over precedent, when preconceptions make way for excellence in whatever package excellence arrives.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Disappointment is the stuff bad dreams are made of, dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there"s never enough of it to go around in a zero-sum game where one person"s winning must be offset by another"s losing. We have been growing up in a nation where, according to the gospel of a famous football coach, winning is not the most important thing—it is the only thing. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke—these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment due to the final grade B might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2013研，考试科目：基础英语)Carrara, shut in by the great hills, is a very picturesque town in Italy. Few tourists stay there: and the people are nearly all connected, in one way or another, with the mining of marble. There are also villages among the caves, where the workmen live. It contains a beautiful little Theatre, newly built: and it is an interesting custom there, to form the chorus of laborers in the marble mines, who are self-taught and sing by ear. I heard them in a comic opera, and in an act of "Norma" : and they performed remarkably well:unlike the common people of Italy generally, who(with some exceptions among the Neapolitans)sing terribly out of tune, and have very disagreeable singing voices.Neapolitans: 那不勒斯人（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语)Montaigne fully accepted human weaknesses and understood that no philosophy could be effective unless it took into account our deeply ingrained imperfections, the limitations of our rationality, the flaws that make us human. It is not that he was ahead of his time: it would be better said that the later scholars(advocating rationality)were backward.He was a thinking fellow, and his ideas did not spring up in his tranquil study, but while on horseback. He went on long rides and came back with ideas. He was never a dogmatist: he was a skeptic with charm, a fallible * , personal, introspective writer, and, primarily, someone who, in the great classical tradition, wanted to be a man.* fallible: able to make mistakes （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2011研，考试科目：基础英语)The period of Chinese scientific activity did not begin until the first years of the Republic. The older reformers only introduced a book knowledge of the sciences, without fully understanding their intellectual significance, without adequate equipment for laboratory work, and without adequately trained leaders to organize the studies and researches. Most of the textbooks on science were translated by men who admired science most sincerely but who had only a very superficial book knowledge of the subjects in the Japanese schools, and never did real laboratory work or undertook field expeditions. The schools were beginning to have classroom experiments in physics and chemistry, and botanical and zoological specimens: but they were as bookish as the textbooks, and were useless for the training of scientific workers.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.Translate the following passage into Chinese．Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．(中山大学2010研，考试科目：基础英语)Although art historians have spent decades demystifying VanGogh"s legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is Van Gogh"s global apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives" ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists" painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.* ubiquitous: existing or found everywhere* apotheosis: the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(广东外语外贸大学2010研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)The relationship that science keeps with art has long been from one-sided wish. That is, while science is in deep love with art, art requites this love by being arrogant and unapproachable. Many renowned scientists love art all their lives. They know art, and are very good at getting fulfillment from art to enhance their noble spirit or to help relieve themselves from burdens of life. On the contrary, few of literary artists love and understand natural science and engineering technology. Among the reasons why artists stand in awe before science or keep a respectful distance from science, one is that science involves a huge stack of abstruse mathematical formulas. However, leaving aside mathematics and bypassing a stack of recondite knowledge, we are still able to understand and appreciate the basic principles of a science. It is just like we are still able to give a sympathetic response to its main melody, greatly admiring the music although we can read nothing of the score of Mozart"s musical pieces.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(广东外语外贸大学2009研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)Modernization and economic development neither require nor produce cultural westernization. To the contrary, they promote resurgence of, and renewed commitment to, indigenous cultures. At the individual level, the movement of people into unfamiliar cities, social settings, and occupations breaks their traditional bonds, generates feelings of alienation, and creates crises of identity to which religion frequently provides an answer. At the societal level, modernization enhances the economic wealth and military power of the country as a whole and encourages people to have confidence in their heritage and to become culturally assertive.As a result, many non-Western societies have seen a return to indigenous cultures. It often takes a religious form, and the global revival of religion is a direct consequence of modernization. In non-Western societies this revival almost necessarily assumes an anti-Western cast, in some cases rejecting Western culture because it is Christian and subversive, in others because it is secular and degenerate. The return to the indigenous is most marked in Muslim and Asian societies.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．Every time I sit down to write, and let my mind go easy, the words, it is so dark, or something to do with darkness. Terror. The terror of this city. Fear of being alone. Only one thing stops me from jumping up and screaming or running to the telephone to ring somebody, it is to deliberately think myself back into that hot light...white light, light, closed eyes, the red light hot on the eyeballs. The rough pulsing heat of a granite boulder. My palm flat on it, moving over the lichens. The grain of the lichens. Tiny, like minute animals" ears, a warm rough silk on my palm, dragging insistently at the poresof my skin. And hot. The smell of the sun on hot rock. Dry and hot, and the silk of dust on my cheek, smelling of sun. The sun. Letters from the agent about the novel. Every time one of them arrives I want to laugh—the laughter of disgust. Bad laughter, the laughter of helplessness, a self-punishment. Unreal letters, when I think of a slope of hot pored granite, my cheeks against hot rock, the red light on my eyelids. Lunch with the agent. Unreal—the novel is more and more a sort of creature with its own life. Frontiers of War now has nothing to do with me, it is a property of other people.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.God did not create the universe and the "Big Bang" was an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking argues in a new book."Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist, " Hawking writes."It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going. "Hawking, 68, who won global recognition with his 1988 book A Brief History of Time, an account of the origins of the universe, is renowned for his work on black holes, cosmology and quantum gravity.Since 1974, the scientist has worked on marrying the two cornerstones of modem physics—Albert Einstein"s General Theory of Relativity, which concerns gravity and large-scale phenomena, and quantum theory, which covers subatomic particles.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．(厦门大学2012年研，考试科目：写作与英汉互译)The researchers found that these simulated Milky Ways were mostly green valley galaxies, suggesting that the real Milky Way is in this transitional state too, the team reports in a paper to appear in the Astrophysical Journal.Past outbursts from the massive black hole at the Milky Way"s centre may be to blame for this mid-life crisis. Radiation "burps" produced after matter fell into the black hole could have heated and expelled gas from the galaxy.And there may be a brief burst of star formation in 5 billion years, when the Milky Way is expected to merge with Andromeda, a nearby spiral galaxy whose properties also indicate it is a green valley galaxy, the team says.The merger may send residual gas towards the centre of the merged object, triggering a short stellar baby boom before the galaxy settles into old age, says team member Darren Croton, also at Swinburne. The spiral discs of both galaxies will be destroyed in the collision, he says: " The violence of the merger will cement our place as a red and dead elliptical galaxy. "In case this sounds depressing, he notes that red elliptical galaxies are not completely devoid of activity. "Many of them continue to lead very interesting lives in their retirement, " he says, pointing to a nearby elliptical called M87 that has spectacular jets streaming from its central black hole.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Equal and exact justice to all men, ...a jealous care of the right of election by the people...: absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of despotism: ...the supremacy of the civil over the military authority: economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened: the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith: encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid: the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason: freedom of religion: freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected. These principles form the bright constellation which has gone before us and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our sages and blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attainment. They should be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touchstone by which to try the services of those wetrust: and should we wander from them in moments of error or of alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps and to regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty, and safety.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．(厦门大学2011研，考试科目：写作与英汉互译)Now I recognize many are pessimistic about this process. The cynics say that Israelis and Palestinians are too distrustful of each other, and too divided internally, to forge lasting peace. Rejectionists on both sides will try to disrupt the process, with bitter words and with bombs and with gunfire. Some say that the gaps between the parties are too big: the potential for talks to break down is too great: and that after decades of failure, peace is simply not possible.I hear those voices of skepticism. But I ask you to consider the alternative. If an agreement is not reached, Palestinians will never know the pride and dignity that comes with their own state. Israelis will never know the certainty and security that comes with sovereign and stable neighbors who are committed to coexistence.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.There is in all things a pattern that is part of our universe. It has symmetry, elegance, and grace—those qualities you find always in that which the true artist captures. You can find it in the turning of the seasons, in the way sand trails along a ridge, in the branch clusters of the creosote bush or the pattern of its leaves. We try to copy these patterns in our lives and our society, seeking the rhythms, the dances, the forms that comfort. Yet, it is possible to see peril in the finding of ultimate perfection. It is clear the ultimate pattern contains its own fixity. In such perfection, all things move toward death.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．Of course, my first impulse was to prepare this man"s remains for burial(laughter), but upon reflection I said I would reprieve him for a moment or two, and give him a chance to prove his assertion if he could. We stepped into a bookstore, and he did prove it. I had really stolen that dedication, almost word for word. I could not imagine how this curious thing had happened: for I knew one thing, for a dead certainty—that a certain amount of pride always goes along with a teaspoonful of brains, and that this pride protects a man from deliberately stealing other people"s ideas. That is what a teaspoonful of brains will do for a man—and admirers had often told me I had nearly a basketful, though they were rather reserved as to the size of the basket(laughter).（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.In too much of the earth there is want, discord, danger. New forces and new nations stir and strive across the earth, with power to bring, by their fate, great good or great evil to the free world"s future. From the deserts of North Africa to the islands of the South Pacific, one-third of all mankind has entered upon a historic struggle for a new freedom:freedom from grinding poverty. Across all continents, nearly a billion people seek, sometimes almost in desperation , for the skills and knowledge and assistance by which they may satisfy from their own resources, the material wants common to all mankind. No nation, however old or great, escapes this tempest of change and turmoil.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________19.Translate the following two passages into Chinese．(厦门大学2009研，考试科目：写作与英汉互译)Scarlett heard the stairs groan and she got softly to her feet. When Mammy returned she would resume her lecture on Scarlett"s breach of hospitality, and Scarlett felt that she could not endure prating about such a trivial matter when her heart was breaking. As she stood, hesitant, wondering where she could hide until the ache in her breast subsided a little, a thought came to her, bringing a small ray of hope. Her father had ridden over to Twelve Oaks, the Wilkes plantation, that afternoon to offer to buy Dilcey, the broad wife of his valet, Pork. Dilcey was head woman and midwife at Twelve Oaks, and, since the marriage six months ago, Pork had devilled his master nightand day to buy Dilcey, so the two could live on the same plantation. That afternoon, Gerald, his resistance worn thin, had set out to make an offer for Dilcey.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________20.One of the difficulties which we have had to encounter in the practical administration of the Government consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws and the levy of the taxes necessary for the support of Government. In the general proposition that no more money shall be collected than the necessities of an economical administration shall require, all parties seem to acquiesce. Nor does there seem to be any material difference of opinion as to the absence of right in the Government to tax one section of country, or one class of citizens, or one occupation, for the mere profit of another. "Justice and sound policy forbid the Federal Government to foster one branch of industry to the detriment of another, or to cherish the interests of one portion to the injury of another portion of our common country. " I have heretofore declared to my fellow-citizens that " in my judgment it is the duty of the Government to extend, as far as it may be practicable to do so, by its revenue laws and all other means within its power, fair and just protection to all of the great interests of the whole Union, embracing agriculture, manufacturers, the mechanic arts, commerce, and navigation".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________。

英语笔译试题及答案

英语笔译试题及答案试题一：将下列英文句子翻译成中文。

1. The early bird catches the worm.2. Actions speak louder than words.3. A rolling stone gathers no moss.试题一答案：1. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。

2. 事实胜于雄辩。

3. 滚石不生苔。

试题二：将下列中文句子翻译成英文。

1. 熟能生巧。

2. 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。

3. 滴水穿石，非一日之功。

试题二答案：1. Practice makes perfect.2. An inch of time is an inch of gold, but you can't buy that inch of time with an inch of gold.3. Constant dripping wears away the stone, and it's not the work of a day.试题三：阅读以下英文段落，并将其翻译成中文。

In the heart of the city, there is a beautiful park where people often go to relax and enjoy the scenery. The park is surrounded by tall buildings, but once inside, it feels likea peaceful haven away from the hustle and bustle of the city. 试题三答案：在城市的中心，有一个美丽的公园，人们常常去那里放松和享受风景。

公园被高楼大厦环绕，但一旦进入，就感觉像是一个远离城市喧嚣的宁静避风港。

试题四：阅读以下中文段落，并将其翻译成英文。

随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得越来越便利。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编76(题后含答案及解析)

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编76(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．plain prose正确答案：平易文风2．orientalism正确答案：东方主义3．theory of games正确答案：博弈理论4．text typology正确答案：文本类型学5．localization正确答案：本土化6．exoticism正确答案：异域风情7．cultural pluralism.正确答案：文化多元性8．lingua franca正确答案：混合语，通用语9．stage fright正确答案：怯场10．functional equivalence正确答案：功能对等11．PIIGS正确答案：欧猪五国12．Obama-mess正确答案：奥巴马困境13．seckill正确答案：秒杀14．Chindonesia正确答案：中印尼，亚洲铁三角15．intexticated正确答案：边开车边发短信16．broken society正确答案：破裂的社会17．defriend正确答案：解除好友关系18．ghost estate正确答案：鬼宅19．copycatting正确答案：山寨20．great recession正确答案：大萧条汉译英21．翻译能力正确答案：translation competence 22．翻译标准正确答案：translation criterion 23．典故正确答案：literary quotation 24．汉化英语正确答案：Chinglish25．陪同口译正确答案：Escort Interpretation。

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编90.doc

英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编90(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Global financial stability has improved over the past six months, bolstered by better macroeco-nomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies, but fragilities remain. The two-speed recovery—modest in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economies—has posed different policy challenges for countries. In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis, governments and households remain heavily indebted, to varying degrees, and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in tandem with the overall economy. Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand, rapid credit growth, relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies, and large capital inflows. Geopolitical risks could also threaten the economic and financial outlook, with oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa. The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies a-way from reliance on macroeconomic and liquidity support to more structural policies—less "leaning" and more "cleaning" of the financial system. This will entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline, while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition. Thus, ongoing policy efforts to withdraw (implicit) public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses must build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets, ensuring medium-term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector. For policymakers in emerging market economies, the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilities—to avoid "cleaning" later. Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies, accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows. This is putting pressure on some financial markets, contributing to higher leverage, potential asset price bubbles, and inflationary pressures. Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability. In a number of cases, this will entail a tighter macroeconomic policy stance, and, when needed, the use ofmacro-prudential tools to ensure financial stability. Increasing the financial sector"s capacity to absorb higher flows through efforts to broaden and deepen local capital markets will also help.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.The concept captured the Zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many young people, especially those in the counterculture, had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Or-wellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality. But by the end of the 1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macintosh as a warrior for the latter cause—a cool, rebellious and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation" s plan for world domination and total mind control. Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny. Apple" s stock price kept dropping, and by March 2003 even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of $ 75 million worth of shares, which amounted to about $ 8. 3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in 1997 through the end of the vesting in 2006. None of this would have mattered much if the Wall Street Journal had not run a powerful series in 2006 about backdated stock options. Apple wasn" t mentioned, but its board appointed a committee of three members—Al Gore, Eric Schmidt of Google, and Jerry York, formerly of IBM and Chrysler—to investigate its own practices. " We decided at the outset that if Steve was at fault we would let the chips fall where they may," Gore recalled. The committee uncovered some irregularities with Jobs" s grants and those of other top officers, and it immediately turned the findings over to the SEC. Jobs was aware of the backdating, the report said, but he ended up not benefiting financially. ( A board committee at Disney also found that similar backdating had occurred at Pixar when Jobs was in charge. ) The laws governing such backdating practices were murky, especially since no one at Apple ended up benefiting from the dubiously dated grants. The SEC took eight months to do its own investigation , and in April 2007 it announced that it would not bring action against Apple " based in part on its swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission" s investigation [ and its ] prompt self-reporting. " Although the SEC found that Jobs had been aware of the backdating, it cleared him of any misconduct because he "was unaware of the accounting implications. " The SEC did file complaints against Apple" s former Chief financial officer Fred Anderson, who was on the board, and general counsel Nancy Heinen. Anderson, a retired Air Force captain with a square jaw and deep integrity, had been a wise and calming influence at Apple, where he was known for his ability to control Jobs" s tantrums. He was cited by the SEC only for "negligence" regarding the paperwork for one set of the grants (not the ones that went to Jobs) , and the SEC allowed him to continue to serve on corporate boards. Nevertheless he ended up resigning from the Apple board.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Is the world headed for a food crisis? India, Mexico and Yemen have seen food riots this year. What" s the cause for these shortages and price hikes? Expensive oil, for the most part. The U-nited Nations food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)reported that, at nearly $ 100 a barrel, the price of oil has sent the cost of food imports skyrocketing this year. Add in escalating crop prices, the FAO warned, and a direct consequence could soon be an increase in global hunger—and, as a consequence, increased social unrest. What" s more, worldwide food reserves are at their lowest in 35 years, so prices are likely to stay high for the foreseeable future. On the demand side, one of the key issues is biofuels. Biofuels, made from food crops such as corn, sugar cane, and palm oil, are seen as easing the world " s dependence on gasoline or diesel. But when crude oil is expensive, as it is now, these alternative energy sources can also be sold at market-competitive prices, rising steeply in relation to petroleum. With one-quarter of the US corn harvest in 2010 diverted towards biofuel production, the attendant rose in cereal prices has already had an impact on the cost and availability of food, Critics worry that the gold rush toward biofuels is taking away food from the hungry Leaders in the biofuel industry respond that energy COSTS are more to blame for high food prices than biofuels " Energy is the Mood of the world, so if oil goes up then other commodities follow," Claus Sauter, CEO of German bioenergy firms Verbio said. Others argue that cleaner-burning biofuels could help stem the effects of climate change, an other factor identified by the FAO as causing food shortages. Analysts note that scientists believe climate change could be behind recent extreme weather patterns, including catastrophic floods, heat waves and drought. All can diminish food harvests and stockpiles. But so can market forces.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Globalization is under strain as never before. Everywhere its stresses rumble. Most ofsub-Saharan Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Central Asia are mired in stagnation or economic decline. North America, Western Europe, and Japan are bogged down in slow growth and risk renewed recession. War now beckons in Iraq. For advocates of open markets and free trade this experience poses major challenges. Why is globalization so at risk? Why are its benefits seemingly concentrated in a few locations? Can a more balanced globalization be achieved? No easy answers to these questions exist. Open markets are necessary for economic growth, but they are hardly sufficient. Some regions of the world have done extremely well from globalization—notablyEast Asia and China in recent years. Yet some regions have done miserably, especially sub-Saharan Africa. The truth is that economic performance is determined not only by governance standards, but by geopolitics, geography, and economic structure. Countries with large populations, and hence large internal markets, tend to grow more rapidly than countries with small populations. Coastal countries tend to outperform landlocked countries. Countries with high levels of malaria tend to endure slower growth than countries with lower levels of malaria. Developing countries that neighbor rich markets, such as Mexico, tend to outperform countries far away from major markets. These differences matter. If rich countries don" t pay heed to such structural issues, we will find that the gaps between the world" s winners and losers will continue to widen. If rich countries blame unlucky countries—claiming that they are somehow culturally or politically unfit to benefit from globalization—we will create not only deeper pockets of poverty but also deepening unrest. This, in turn, will result in increasing levels of violence, backlash, and yes, terrorism.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.I"ve never been more aware of the limitations of language than when I try to describe beauty. Language can create its own loveliness, of course, but it cannot deliver to us the radiance we apprehend in the world, any more than a photograph can capture the stunning swiftness of a hawk or the withering power of a supernova. Eva"s wedding album holds only a faint glimmer of the wedding itself. All that pictures or words can do is gesture beyond themselves toward the fleeting glory that stirs our hearts. So I keep gesturing. " All nature is meant to make us think of paradise," Thomas Merton observed. Because the Creation puts on a nonstop show, beauty is free and inexhaustible, but we need training in order to perceive more than the most obvious kinds. Even 15 billion years or so after the Big Bang, echoes of that event still linger in the form of background radiation, only a few degrees above absolute zero. Just so, I believe, the experience of beauty is an echo of the order and power that permeate the universe. To measure background radiation, we need subtle instruments; to measure beauty, we need alert intelligence and our five keen senses. (Note：supernova超新星；the Big Bang宇宙大爆炸；background radiation背景辐射) (Excerpt from“Beauty”by Scott Russell Sanders)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4.doc

英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4.doc英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Translate put the following passage into Chinese．(福建师范大学2004研，考试科目：写作与翻译)Some people say that money is what makes everything possible...I share a different opinion.I believe that money can be really horrible. Sure, with money one could afford to live ultimate desires, but what"s really hidden from view is the kind of thing that too much money could do to people. Money and wealth disguise all the humanity of life. So many people wonder about every day of their lives wishing to live a rich animation. Yet the part they miss in that" wonderful" life is the change that takes place in themselves. To gain something one must be willing to exchange something, and for something as massive as money, the price is breathtaking. Nevertheless, some see it as reasonable amount and even more agree to the trade: even if the price is the one most important gift from God. All one must pay is their soul.These innocent victims of greed and selfishness are blinded from all but bills of disgusting green. Pretty soon they are jailed inside their own world of rotten filth fooled by their philosophy that money is the most substantial thing on the face of this planet. Suddenly even the nicest restaurants in town fail to please them and so they move elsewhere seeking something—anything that will satisfy their lost and stolen senses. The braggadocio of their mammoth ego demolishes even the most patient hearts and so they become lonely predators of their own humanity. They look uponsoul as thieves eyeing their every penny, and even their own mother to them is a burglar thirsty for green. They trust no one, think of no one, help no one, and in the process shed all love within them: hopeless, and helpless. Trapped in their own creation, these dreams are...and they say money is harmless—how could they say that?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese．(武汉大学2013研，考试科目：基础英语)Most investigation in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction: psychology has lent its services to "human engineering, " an attempt to treat the worker and employer like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the worker"s physical powers, most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker"s psyche. The underlying idea can be formulated like this: If he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his out put and diminishes friction. In the name of " human relations, " the worker is treated with all devices which suit a completely alienated person: even happiness and human values are recommended in the interest of better relations with the public, thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-know American psychiatrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives:" It"s going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy...It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships,really into practice. " One speaks of "human relations" and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons:one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Translate the following sentences into English．(武汉大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语)In general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking , America might be called a European colony. However, to say so is to draw attention to the complexity of the A-merican scene. No other colony has been so heterogeneously populated,or so long politically independent of Europe. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its cleavage from, and superiority to, the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. Yesterday has been dismissed and pined for:tomorrow has been invoked and dreaded. It has not been the most favorable of situations for the production of literature. As A-merican, the writer has distrusted Europe: as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European counterpart. At any rate, this was true of creative literature: the novel, the poem, and the play were for long inhibited in the United States. By and large, critical and historical writings have flowed more easily from American pens.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Translate the following English into Chinese．(武汉大学2011研，考试科目：英语综合) Psychologically there are twodangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One"s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy: one"s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one"s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one"s mind more keen. The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one"s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult. I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.Translate the following passage into Chinese by using proper translating strategies and methods．(中南财经政法大学2009研，考试科目：语言学、文学与翻译)Future historians, I hope, will consider the American fast food industry a relic of the 20th century—a set of attitudes, systems, and beliefs that emerged from postwar southern California, that embodied its limitlessfaith in technology , that quickly spread across the globe, flourished briefly, and then receded, once its true costs became clear and its thinking became obsolete. We cannot ignore the meaning of mad cow. It is one more warning about unintended consequences, about human arrogance and the blind worship of science. The same mind-set that would add beef to your chicken nuggets would also feed pigs to cows. Whatever replaces the fast food industry should be regional, diverse, authentic, unpredictable, sustainable, profitable and humble. It should know its limits. People can be fed without being fattened or deceived. This new century may bring an impatience with conformity, a refusal to be kept in the dark, less greed, more compassion, less speed, more common sense, a sense of humor about brand essences and loyalties, a view of food as more than just fuel. Things don"t have to be the way they are. Despite all evidence to the contrary, I remain optimistic.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.Translate the following passage into fluent Chinese by using proper translating strategies and skills．(中南财经政法大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)"Duty" , "Honor" , "Country"—those three hallowed(神圣的)words reverently dictate what you want to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are you rallying point to behold courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when these seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn(被遗弃的).Unhappily , I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of imagination, nor that brilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean.The unbelievers will say they are but words, but a slogan, but a flamboyant(华丽的)phrase. Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite(虚伪的人), everytroublemaker, and, I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.But these are some of the things they do. They build your basic character. They mold you for your future roles as the custodians(监护人，卫士)of the nation"s defense. They make you for strong enough to know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid.They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success, not to substitute words for action, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge: to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall: to master yourself before you seek to master others: to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past: to be servers, yet never take yourself too seriously, to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness:the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength.They give you a temperate will, a quality of imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, an appetite for adventure over love of ease. They create in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope of what next, and the joy and its inspiration of life. They teach you in this way to be an officer and a gentleman.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Translate the following passages into Chinese．(湖北大学2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I still keep in mind a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steam-boating was new to me. A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood: inthe middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating black and conspicuous: in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water: in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling waves, that were as many-tinted as an opal: where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicately traced: the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, curvy trail that shone like silver: and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single gold leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances: and over the whole scene, far and near, the dissolving lights drifted steadily, enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: " We hold theses truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. "I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at the t able of brotherhood.…I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.…I have a dream today! When we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God"s children—black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestants —will be able to join hands and to sing in the words of the oldNegro spiritual, "free at least, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2012研，考试科目：写作翻译)Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blownme hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy—ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what—at last—I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge.I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux.A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but Icannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.(Bertrand Russell: What I Have lived for)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学2011研，考试科目：写作翻译)Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts: all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna: Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors have acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they can"t afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I am sorry to say leave the devil of a mess behind them. Every Thursday Germans come up the towpath, marching as to war, with a Leader. There is a standing order for fifty luncheons at the inn:while they eat the Leader lectures them through a megaphone. After luncheon they march into the cathedral and undergo another lecture. They, at least, know what they are seeing. Then they march back to their boat. They are tidy: they leave no litter.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.English-Chinese Translation．(华中师范大学2010研，考试科目：写作翻译)Excerpt from Jane EyreSomething of daylight still lingered, and the moon was waxing bright: I could see him plainly. His figure was enveloped in a riding cloak, fur collared, and steel clasped: its details were not apparent, but I traced the general points of middle height, and considerable breadth of chest. He had a dark face, with stern features and a heavy brow: his eyes and gathered eyebrows looked ireful and thwarted just now: he was past youth, but had not reached middle age: perhaps he might be thirty-five. I felt no fear of him, and but little shyness. Had he been a handsome,heroic-looking young gentleman, I should not have dared to stand thus questioning him against his will, and offering my services unasked. I had hardly ever seen a handsome youth: never in my life spoken to one. I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, fascination: but had I met those qualities incarnate in masculine shape, I should have known instinctively that they neither had nor could have sympathy with anything in me, and should haveshunned them as one would fire, lightning, or anything else that is bright butantipathetic.(Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.English-Chinese Translation．(华中师范大学2009研，考试科目：写作翻译)On Not Answering the TelephoneSuppose you ignore the telephone when it rings, and suppose that, for once, somebody has an important message for you. I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. Think of the proverb: "Ill news travels apace. " I must saygood news seems to travel just as fast. And think of the saying: "The truth will out. " It will. But suppose you answer the telephone when it rings. If, when you take off the receiver, yousay "Hello!" just think how absurd that is. Why, you might be saying "Hello!" to a total stranger, a thing you would certainly think twice about before doing in public, if you were English.But perhaps, when you take off the receiver, you give your number or your name. But you don"t even know whom you are giving it to! Perhaps you have been indiscreet enough to have your name and number printed in the telephone directory, a book with a large circulation, a successful book so often reprinted as to make any author envious, a book more in evidence than Shakespeare or the Bible, and found in all sorts of private and public places. By your self-advertisement you have enabled any stranger, bore, intruder, or criminal to engage you in conversation at a moment"s notice in what ought to be the privacy of your own home.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国地质大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)With the high degree of specialization, the frontiers of knowledge are steadily being pushed back more rapidly than ever before. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon: as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair : they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master.Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world"s greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain(英国皇家学会)includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disconcerting to find that even here, as one of its Fellows put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Translate the following passage into Chinese．(中国地质大学2006研，考试科目：翻译与写作)Modern intolerance is divided into three parts: the intolerance of laziness, the intolerance of ignorance and the intolerance of self-interest.The first of these is perhaps the most general. It is to be met with in every country and among all classes of society. It is most common in small villages and old-established towns, and it is not restricted to human beings.It is this variety of intolerance which makes parents shake their heads over the foolish behavior of their children: which has caused the absurd myth of "the good old days" : which makes savages and civilized creatures wear uncomfortable clothes: which fills the world with a great deal of superfluous nonsense and generally turns all people with a new idea into the supposed enemies of mankind.The second variety is much more serious.An ignorant man is, by the very fact of his ignorance, a very dangerous person. But when he tries to invent an excuse for his own lack of mental faculties, he becomes a terror. For then he erects within his soul a granite bulwark(花岗岩的堡垒)of self-righteousness and from the high pinnacle of this formidable fortress, he defies all his enemies to show cause whythey should be allowed to live.People suffering from this particular affliction are both uncharitable and mean. Because they live constantly in a state of fear, theyeasily turn to cruelty and love to torture those against whom they have a grievance.There remains as a third category the intolerance caused by self-interest. This, of course, is really a variety of jealousy and as common as the measles.When we attempt to discuss intolerance, we must constantly remember that we have to deal with a very complicated problem. Only upon very rare occasions do we find ourselves confronted with only one manifestation of these three separate forms of intolerance. Most frequently we can discover traces of all three varieties in the cases of perse-cution which are brought to our attention.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.English-Chinese Translation．(武汉理工大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语)For generations I"ve been honest, sound and reliable. My safety is legendary. Some call me Almighty. Others warn that worship of me is a sin. I am a dollar, or a buck. Each of these is 2. 61 by 6. 14 inch pieces of printed paper in your pocket or purse.Credit cards were supposed to have made me obsolete years ago, but people use me more than ever. In 1960, only $165.16 was in circulation for each one of you. Now it"s $888. 85.I"m the world"s most important currency. Without me, international trade would halt. The price of everything from Persian Gulf oil to Brazilian coffee is quoted in my name. Take a look at me: I carry an engraving of George Washington after Gilbert Stuart"s painting. Bank tellers stack me face up so that they can look at George in the eye. It"s a security feature. Counterfeit portraits often look dull or one-dimensional. Seven Presidents are shownon my other denominations, but it"s unlikely you"ve eyed Mckinley, Cleveland or Madison. No. $1, 000 or $5 , 000 bills have been issued since 1969 because demand is small. Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln"s Secretary of the treasury, graces the $10, 000 bill.But only 345 of these are still in your hands. Chase and the three Presidents were retired from circulation in 1969: whenever one of them shows his face, the Federal Reserve Bank ships him to the treasury for destruction.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.English-Chinese Translation．(武汉理工大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语)About 150 years ago,a village church vicar in York-shire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature.Branwell"s father and sisters hoarded their pennies to pack him off to London"s Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed a wrong number. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure.Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would flee him to develop his literary skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again.For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support their increasingly indebted brother, convinced the world must eventually recognize his genius. As failure multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived:a failure. So died hope in the one male—but what of the three anonymous sisters?.Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best,of women in conflict with their natural desires and social condition—in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne"s Agnes Grey, Emily"s Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte"s Jane. Eyre.But years of sacrifice for Branwell had taken their toll. Emily took ill at her brother"s funeral and died within 3months, aged 29:Anne died 5 months later, aged 30:Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed.No one remembers BranwelPs name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte sisters" tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would any mere beast of burden, but by their integrity, strength, commitment, courage—spiritual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. China, a nation blessed by more boys and girls than any nation, ignores at her own peril the lesson of the Bronte tragedy.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17.Translate the following into Chinese．(湖南大学2007研，考试科目：英语语言文学专业基础)The claim that technology-based approaches to language learning are supportive of autonomy rests in part on an assumption, shared with resource-based approaches, that they provide learners with opportunities to self-direct their own learning. In the case of CALL in particular, there is also an assumption that technology can provide learners with the kinds of support they need in order to develop skills associated with autonomy. This cannot be regarded as more than a potential, however, and a great deal depends on the ways in which technologies are made available to learners and the kinds of interaction that take place around them. In the case of CALLsoftware, the degree of control offered to learners is often severely constrained by its structure and content. Text manipulation and computer-mediated communication applications offer greater opportunities for the development of control over learning content. They also offer opportunities for collaboration that are often lacking in other modes of self-access learning. But as in the case of self-access , it may be that learners require a degree of autonomy in advance in order to use new technologies effectively. Claims made for the potential of new technologies in regard to autonomy need to be evaluated against empirical evidence of the realization of this potential in practice.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________18.Passage Translation．(中南大学2010研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)Honorable Your Excellencies Ministers and delegates, honorable specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments, ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to be present at the Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum along with ministers and delegates in charge of cultural affairs from 23 Asian countries as well as specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments. Looking all around, I see not only many acquaintances but also new faces. The mutual target of achieving Asian prosperity through cultural cooperation offers us an opportunity to gather, to become acquainted and make friends. The theme of this Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum is " Cultural Asia " . Culture resembles a gentle breeze and light rain that nurtures and enriches us: and it also serves as a strong tie that binds and links us.Entering the 21st century, the whole globe is carrying out discussions on preserving cultural diversity against the。