华侨大学2017年《717生物化学(生物医学学院)》考研专业课真题试卷
华侨大学生物化学2009—2018(缺2017)年考研真题试题
写出推导过程。（5 分） 4、在人的膳食中严重缺乏糖时（禁食减肥），为什么易发生酸中毒？酸中毒对人体有哪
谱法和亲和色谱法的分离纯化原理。（12分） 12、为什么说转氨基反应在氨基酸合成和降解过程中都起重要作用？（8 分） 13、下列几个论点是否正确，请加以简单评论：（6 分）
(1) DNA 是唯一的遗传信息携带者 (2) DNA 只存在于细胞核内 (3) 从兔子的心脏和兔子的肝脏细胞核提纯得到的 DNA 毫无差别 14、DNA 双螺旋结构中除 Waston-Crick 提出的外，还有哪些，简要说明其结构。（6 分） 15、在给定的 pH 下，下述蛋白质在电场中向哪个方向移动，即向正极、负极还是不动？（6 分） （1）卵清蛋白（pI=4.6），在 pH5.8； （2）β-乳球蛋白（pI=5.2），在 pH4.6 和 pH7.1； （3）胰凝乳蛋白酶原（pI=9.1），在 pH5.6 和 pH9.1 和 pH11。 16、叙述 DNA 聚合酶，RNA 聚合酶、逆转录酶、RNA 复制酶所催化的反应的共同点。（4 分） 17、什么是酮体？为什么糖尿病人在代谢过程中容易产生酮体并说明所造成的危害。（6 分）
些危害？（10分） 5、DNA 连接酶催化什么样的反应？它在 DNA 复制中的作用是什么？（6 分） 6、什么是蛋白质的变性，引起蛋白质变性的因素有哪些?（6 分） 7、Rห้องสมุดไป่ตู้A 易被碱水解，而 DNA 不易被碱水解。为什么？（8 分）
华侨大学普通生物学(生物学院)2014—2018(缺2017)年考研真题试题
12、中性突变是哪一种进化说的核心（
）。
A、达拉马克学说；B、达尔文学说；C、现代达尔文学说；D、非达尔文学说
13、DNA 存在于（
）。
A、细胞核；B、线粒体；C、内质网；D、叶绿体
14、下列属于终止密码的是（
）。
A、AUG；B、UAA；C、UGA；ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ、UAG
15、下列哪些物质参与 DNA 的复制（
（
）。
9、人体血液中数量最多的细胞是（
）。
10、我国是世界上最早利用免疫学原理来预防天花的国家，当时使用的疫苗是（
）。
11、某些进行有性生殖的微生物体内除染色体 DNA 外，还有一个小的环状 DNA 分子，称
为（
）。
12、遗传学第三大定律是（
）。
13、寄生于细菌的病毒称为（
）。
14、中性学说认为（
）是分子进化的基本动力。
二、填空题（每空 1 分，共 14 分） 1、蛋白质的水解加工过程一般发生在（ 1 ）中。
1
2、真核细胞中蛋白质的降解一般通过一种依赖于一类称为( 2 )的小分子的降解途径。 3、在乳糖操纵子模型中，调节基因的产物是（ 3 ）。 4、用秋水仙素处理细胞可以将细胞阻断在（ 4 ）。 5、生物膜的基本特征是( 5 )和( 6 )。 6、 ( 7 )是真核细胞内最大、和最重要的细胞器，是细胞遗传与代谢的调控中心。 7、干细胞按其不同的分化能力可分为（ 8 ）、（ 9 ）和（ 10 ）。 8、DNA 和 RNA 分子都是由许多顺序排列的( 11 )组成的大分子。 9、（ 12 ）是最早出现细胞外消化的动物，但同时保留细胞内消化的能力。 10、在一定的地域中，一个物种的全体成员构成一个（ 13 ）。 11、被称为细胞内的消化器官的细胞器是（ 14 ）。
华侨大学微生物学2009—2018(缺2017)年考研真题试题
4. 比较枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌革兰氏染色的结果及其原因? （6 分） 5. 为什么在自然界清洁淡水水体中主要存在一些光能自养型和化能自养型微生物?（5 分） 6. 列出实验室内五种常用的消毒、灭菌、除菌方法，并简述灭菌对象及灭菌条件。（6
1
分） 7. 20 世纪 70 年代末由美国的 C.R.Wose 提出的关于生命界级分类的三域学说，三域分 别指什么？提出此学说的依据是什么？（8 分） 8. 微生物生长测定的方法有哪些？（5 分） 9. 恒浊器与恒化器培养细菌在生长速率上有何不同，为什么? （7 分） 10. 显微镜下如何区分酵母菌和细菌？（6 分） 11. 为什么能用生物大分子作为衡量生物进化的标尺？有哪些选用标准？建立 16S rRNA 系统发育树的意义何在？（12 分） 12. 欲从土壤中筛选一株抗大肠杆菌的芽孢杆菌菌株,请拟出试验方案。(15 分) 13. 设计一种诱变和分离突变株的方法，以提高野生型菌株 Bacillus subtilis 蛋白酶 的活性。请写明具体的实验方法和技术路线。 (15 分)
共2页
9. 什么叫质粒？有那几类主要质粒？他们的生理功能如何？（9 分） 10.为什么美兰染液可以用于活体染色？你如何区分死活细胞？（6 分） 三、 实验设计题（3 题，共 60 分） 1. 有四种细菌，分别属于荧光假单孢菌、大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌。由于保 存菌种时标签失落，需要重新鉴别，简要叙述这四种细菌的判别方法。（16 分） 2. 因科研需要从自然界筛选一株抗霍乱弧菌的高活性放线菌菌株，请拟出试验方案。（22 分） 3. 根据所学知识设计实验，从深海海水样品中分离纯化嗜盐微生物，并从中剔除耐盐微 生物。(22 分)
华侨大学有机化学(生物学院)2014--2016考研专业课真题试卷
华侨大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业 高分子化学与物理 科目名称 有机化学 （生物医学学院） 科目代码8641、你认为以下各题的表述正确，请打“√”，不正确的打“×”。
（10分）（1）CH≡CH的酸性大于CH2=CH2的酸性。
（）（2）环己烷椅式构象的稳定性小于船式构象的稳定性。
（）（3）氯苯虽难水解，但是当氯原子的邻/对位连有供电子基团时，水解就变得容易。
（）（4）仅含有一个手性碳的化合物一定是手性的。
（）（5）顺式和反式十氢萘是非对映体。
（）（6）瓦尔登（Walden）构型转化是S N1反应的标志之一。
（）（7）甲基叔丁基醚可以通过甲醇钠和异丁基溴直接反应制备。
（）（8）将Pd沉积在BaSO4上做催化剂，常压加氢使酰氯还原成相应醇的反应，称为罗森孟（Rosenmund）还原。
（）（9）蛋白质是一种生物高分子，它是由不同的氨基酸形成的聚酰胺。
（）（10）常压蒸馏和减压蒸馏时都需要加入沸石，以防止液体爆沸。
（）2、写出下列化合物或基团的构造式：(每小题2分，共计20 分)（1）阿司匹林(2) 乙酰乙酸乙酯（3）2-氯-5-硝基苯磺酸（4）甘氨酸（5）反式-1-甲基-4-溴环己烷（6）糠醇（7）（S）-2-甲基丁醛（8）5-甲基-5-乙基-4-异丙基-7-仲丁基-十一烷（9）N-甲基-δ-戊内酰胺（10）N－Bromosuccinimide (NBS)3、命名下列化合物： (每小题2分，共计20分)（6）处理下列化合物，生成白色沉淀的是（）A. B. C. D.（7）酸催化下，醇类化合物脱水遵守的规则是（）A. Markovnikov规则B. Zaitsev扎伊柴夫规则（烯烃）C. Hückel休克尔规则D. Hofmann霍夫曼规则（烯烃）（8）亲核反应和亲电反应的最主要的区别是（）A. 反应的立体化学不同B. 反应的动力学不同C. 反应要进攻的活性中心的电荷不同D. 反应的热力学不同（9）在测苄醇的1H NMR时，加入下列哪种物质可使羟基H的共振峰消失（）A. CDCl3B. CCl4C. D2OD. TMS（10）2010年化学Nobel奖获得者的主要贡献表现在哪一方面的研究和发展（）A. V-12全合成B. 荧光功能材料C. 手性催化反应D. 过渡金属催化的偶联反应四、完成反应式（写出主要产物、试剂或反应物，必要时要表示出产物的立体构型）（每空2分，共20分）（1）（2）（3）共 5 页第 3 页。
华侨大学考研试题864有机化学(生物医学学院)(2015年~2016年)
（6）处理下列化合物，生成白色沉淀的是（）
A. B. C. D.
（7）酸催化下，醇类化合物脱水遵守的规则是（）
A. Markovnikov规则
B. Zaitsev扎伊柴夫规则（烯烃）
C. Hückel休克尔规则
D. Hofmann霍夫曼规则（烯烃）
（8）亲核反应和亲电反应的最主要的区别是（）
A. 反应的立体化学不同
B. 反应的动力学不同
C. 反应要进攻的活性中心的电荷不同
D. 反应的热力学不同
（9）在测苄醇的1H NMR时，加入下列哪种物质可使羟基H的共振峰消失（）
A. CDCl3
B. CCl4
C. D2O
D. TMS
（10）2010年化学Nobel奖获得者的主要贡献表现在哪一方面的研究和发展（）
A. V-12全合成
B. 荧光功能材料
C. 手性催化反应
D. 过渡金属催化的偶联反应
四、完成反应式（写出主要产物、试剂或反应物，必要时要表示出产物的立体构型）
（每空2分，共20分）
（1）
（2）
（3）
共 5 页第 3 页。
2017年华侨大学真题710英语综合硕士研究生专业课考试试题
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码710Part I Error Correction (10 points)Directions: In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Meanwhile, Qin Zongquan, who take charge of Caizhou a. _ take → took _ Province, ∧now managing to recruit soldiers to strengthen b. _was ∧now _his own troop. For this reason, Zongquan appointed Xu as c. _ troop → troops_ governor of Guangzhou Province and then tried to assembleXu’s soldiers to suppress the agrarian rebellion led by HuangChao. Xu, but, hesitated to lead his soldiers to follow the 1. ________________ command of Zongquan, so Zongquan dispatched his owntroops to trounce the troops of Xu. Known that he was not 2. ________________able to win the battle, Xu led his own soldiers and fled south. 3. ________________They plundered everywhere they arrived until they enteredLinting County via Nankang County. Soon afterwards theycaptured Zhangpu County and now there are tens of 4. ________________ thousands of soldiers in the army. Xu was suspicious andjealous in nature, and those commanders which were capable 5. ________________and talented were mostly killed for one or another reason.Chao himself was quite frightening that he might also be 6. ________________killed some day.When the troops arrived Nan’an County, Chao 7. _______________ persuaded his own forward commander to start rebel 8. _______________ against Xu. Chao said, ‘It is because of the threat underXu that we abandoned our ancestral tombs and wives andchildren to come over here to be thefts and robbers. It isagainst own will. Now Xu was sceptical and suspicious,and capable commanders and talented officers were sure to 9. _______________be killed. Every one of us cannot guarantee one’s own safetyeven for a single day, let alone achieve any success!’The forward commander was thoroughly disillusioned byChao. They looked into each other’s eyes and burst into tears.Soon afterwards, Chao and his forward commander selecteddozens of vigorous soldiers to ambush Xu among the bambooforest. These soldiers awaited Xu’s pass by and then jumped 10. _______________out from the forest to capture him. Xu was then imprisoned.Part II Grammar (30 points)(I) There are ten sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. (10 points)1. He ought to dismiss the unqualified employees under his supervision, ________?A. should heB. ought heC. shouldn’t heD. oughtn’t he2. Sid spends as much time working as he ________.A. travels C. is travellingB. does travelling D. has been travelling3. My deskmate is a reserved person who seldom speaks to me. The underlined part means ________.A. talkativeB. considerateC. quietD. outgoing4. Some English words have no exact ________ in Chinese.A. equivalentsB. equitiesC. equalsD. equalities5. When Columbus embarked ________ his historic voyage, he never imagined that the world history would enter into a new era.A. uponB. inC. atD. to6. It is ________ stealing to take a thing away without permission of its owner.A. nothing better than C. anything rather thanB. nothing less than D. anything but7. The committee decided to call the meeting ________ because of the typhoon.A. onB. offC. aboutD. against8. If computers ________, many problems on space flight could not have been solved.A. had not been invented C. were not inventedB. are not invented D. have not invented9. Holland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York, ________ Holland.A. that size is four times of C. which size is four times ofB. which size is four times of D. which is four times the size of10. Having sought asylum in the West for many years, they were ________ granted it.A. definitelyB. fairlyC. eventuallyD. merely(II) There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has four parts underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined part that is wrong. (10 points)1. He suffers from diabetes, which are a kind of chronic disease.A B C D2. There are less diseases in the frigid zones than there are in the torrid zones.A B C D3. They are in the possession of a large amount of new information.A B C D4. The youth whom they said was the most advanced in the group was the leader.A B C D5. This propose was generally considered as not very practical.A B C D6. Many families managed to make do with very little income.A B C D7. Did you try to support your son? Did you give him any encouraged advice?A B C D8. We had all heard that it was a great dam, as modern than any of its kind in the world.A B C D9. It may have been at Christmas when John gave Mary a handbag.A B C D10. It is for he sat up all night with the patient that the doctor looks tired and sleepy.A B C D(III) Rewrite the sentences as required without altering their meanings. (10 points)1. We were eating dinner. Our guests arrived.Use ‘while’.2. The fields don’t require irrigation. The weather is dry in the summer.Use ‘until’.3. Many boys, having had few advantages in their youth, have nevertheless done great things for their country.Use ‘though’.4. How many days are there in February if it is a leap year?Use ‘29’.5. He said, ‘We love our county.’Put the sentence into an indirect speech.6. The other day I met a twelve-year-old boy.Put the sentence into an attributive clause.7. A new law is enacted. The law will increase social security taxes by thirty percent.Use ‘though’.8. John made her tell him everything.Transform the sentence into a passive-voice sentence.9. The meeting was cancelled because of the flu epidemic.Use ‘call’.10. You will make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet.Use ‘if’.Part III Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or incomplete statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose only ONE that best answers the question or finishes the incomplete statement.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed—natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.1.The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Line 1,Para.2) suggests that _______.A) the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB) the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fiftiesC) there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950sD) the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A) People would not buy more food than was necessary.B) Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C) Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D) People had effective ways to preserve their food.3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A) Inventors.B) Consumers.C) Manufacturers.D) Travelling salesmen.4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effecton the environment?A) “Hum away continuously”.B) “Climatically almost unnecessary”.C) “Artificially-cooled space”.D) “With mild temperatures”.5.What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?A) Neutral.B) Critical.C) Objective.D) Compromising.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.6.In what way can we make a machine intelligent?A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.B) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C) By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D) By reproducing it.7.What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?A) He believes they will be useful to human beings.B) He believes that they will control us in the future.C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D) He doesn’t consider the construction of such machines possible.8.The word “carbon” (Line 4, Para.2) stands for _________.A) intelligent robotsB) a chemical elementC) an organic substanceD) human beings9. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _______.A) its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB) it is able to bear the rough environmentC) it is made as complex as the human brainD) its architecture is different from that of the present ones10.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capableof self-reproductionB) with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibilityof making a machine with human-like abilityC) once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligenceD) robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spacePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.11.By “…challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para.1) the author means that ________.A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenonB) no explanation has been made up to nowC) it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanationD) it’s high time that an explanation was provided12.The third paragraph is mainly about ______.A) the development of babies’ early forms of languageB) the difficulties of babies in learning to speakC) babies’ strong desire to communicateD) babies’ intention to communicate13.The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ______.A) usually obey without asking questionsB) are passive in the process of learning to speakC) are born cooperativeD) learn to speak by listening14.From the passage we learn that _______.A) early starters can learn to speak within only six monthsB) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noisesC) imitation plays an important role in learning to speakD) children have various difficulties in learning to speak15.The best for this passage would be ______.A) How Babies Learn to SpeakB) Early Forms of LanguageC) A Huge Task for ChildrenD) Noise Making and Language LearningPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.16.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB) the amount of monetary rewards for student’ creativityC) the study of relationship between actions and their consequencesD) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance17.What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?A) They have no doubts about them.B) They have doubts about them.C) They approve of them.D) They avoid talking about them.18.Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to RobertEisenberger?A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.19.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten theirgrading standards because they believe ______.A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsB) punishment is more effective than rewardingC) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsD) discouraging the students’ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency20.The phrase “token economies” (Line 1, Para.5) probably refers to ________.A) ways to develop economyB) systems of rewarding studentsC) approaches to solving problemsD) methods of improving performancePart IV Linguistics (30 points)(I) Define the following terms with examples where necessary. (9 points)(1) arbitrariness(2) phonology(3) inflectional morphemes(II) Put “T” for true and “F” for false for the following statements. (10 points)(1) Languages cannot be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future. ( )(2) Complete synonyms, i.e. synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances, are rare. ( )(3) A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something. ( )(4) When someone is not saying in an explicit and straightforward manner what he means to say, rather he is trying to put across his message in an implicit, roundabout way, we can say he is using indirect language. ( )(5) Homonymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the sameform, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. ( )(III) Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between language acquisition and second language acquisition. (5 points)(IV) Try to think of a context in which the following sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating fact. (6 points)(1) The music of the movie is good.(2) You have been keeping my notes for a whole week now.Part V British and American Literature (30 points)(I) Fill in the following blanks with appropriate items of information. (10 points)1.Paradise Lost, written by _____①____, is an epic based on the biblical story of Satan,Adam and Eve.2. Tom Jones, a novel written by ②, offers a panoramic view of EnglishSociety in the author’s times.3. Laurence Sterne’s _______③_______is an experimental novel with its unusual narrativestrategies.4. The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 by William Wordsworth (1770-1850) and_______④_________ (1772-1834), is a significant event in English literary history.5. A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and Paris is ________⑤______s’ best-knownhistorical novel.6. _________⑥__________, the tragic story of a pure country girl, has been read as one ofThomas Hardy’s best-known novel.7. ________⑦_________ and _______⑧______ are the most important authors of AmericanTranscendentalism.8. The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambassadors (1903) and The Golden Bowl (1904) weresuccessful novels by __________⑨_________ in the early 20th century.9. In 1961, Joseph Heller published his__________⑩___________, a classic of BlackHumor.(II) Comment briefly on ANY ONE of the following topics. (20 points)1. Gothic fiction2. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales3. A story by or novel by Nathanial Hawthorne。
2017年华侨大学考研试题710英语综合
Xu’s soldiers to suppress the agrarian rebellion led by Huang
Chao. Xu, but, hesitated to lead his soldiers to follow the1. ________________
Chao. They looked into each other’s eyes and burst into tears.
Soon afterwards, Chao and his forward commander selected
dozens of vigorous soldiers to ambush Xu among the bamboo
thousands of soldiers in the army. Xu was suspicious and
jealous in nature, and those commanders which were capable5. ________________
and talented were mostly killed for one or another reason.
be killed. Every one of us cannot guarantee one’s own safety
even for a single day, let alone achieve any success!’
The forward commander was thoroughly disillusioned by
persuaded his own forward commander to start rebel8. _______________
华侨大学水处理微生物学2013--2017考研专业课真题试卷
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业土木工程-市政工程科目名称水处理微生物学科目代码840一、名词解释（每小题2分，共20分）1. 芽孢2. 菌落3、鉴别培养基 4. 异养微生物 5. 培养基6、有氧无机物呼吸7. 菌胶团8、污泥膨胀9、MLSS 10、基因重组二、选择题（在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确的答案，每小题1分，共20分）1．用穿刺技术将细菌接种到半固体培养基中培养，观察发现细菌只在穿刺线的下部生长，由此判断此细菌为。
A 好氧菌B 厌氧菌C 兼性好氧菌D 兼性厌氧菌2．采用血球计数板计算酵母菌的个数时，血球计数板的计数体积是。
A 0.1 cm3B 1 mm3C 0.1 mm3D 0.01 mm33．关于紫外辐射，下列说法中不正确的是A 可破坏细菌的DNA构型B可用于空气和物品表面的消毒C 波长260左右的杀菌力最强D 穿透力强4．能产生抗生素的种类是。
A 细菌B 放线菌C 酵母菌D 病毒5．微生物的产能代谢是通过呼吸作用完成的，微生物三种呼吸类型的划分依据是。
A 最终电子供体B 最终电子受体C 分子氧D 供氢体6．细菌生长成熟后，因营养过剩会形成能量贮藏颗粒，下列不是贮能颗粒的是。
A 硫粒B 异染粒C PHBD NAD共 4 页第 1 页7．我国城市供水水质标准所规定的细菌总数是。
A 100个/mLB 80个/mLC 3个/LD 3个/mL8．污废水生物处理中好氧微生物群体（活性污泥）对废水的碳氮磷比BOD5:N:P= 。
A 100：4：1B 100：5：1C 100：6：1D 100：7：19. 细菌中参加光合作用的是A紫硫细菌和绿硫细菌B 肠杆菌C放线菌D立克次氏体10. 酒精消毒的最佳浓度为。
A 70%B 50%C 95%D 100%11. 酵母菌常用于酿酒工业中，其主要产物为。
A乙酸B乙醇C乳酸D丙醇12. 原生动物抵御外界不良环境时，通常形成。
2017年华侨大学考研试题714微生物学
1.水华和赤潮
2.原体与始体
3.孢囊和芽孢
4.菌株和菌落
三、问答题（共75分）
1．什么是正常菌群？试分析肠道正常菌群与人体的关系。（6分）
2.试举例说明可以制成杀虫剂用于昆虫生物防治的微生物有哪些？这些微生物的致病机理是什么？（8分）
3．请阐述青霉素的抗菌机制，为什么青霉素对处于生长休止期的细胞无抑制作用？病原菌对青霉素产生抗药性可能的原因是什么？（8分）
4.什么是一步生长曲线？它可分几期？各期有何特点？（6分）
5．葡萄糖的微生物乳酸发酵有哪三种类型？（6分）
6. G+菌和G-菌细胞壁的结构和组成上有何差别？以及与革兰氏染色反应的关系。（8分）
7.霉菌的营养菌丝和气生菌丝各有何特点？它们分别可分化出哪些特化结构？（6分）
8.什么是鉴别培养基？饮用水的大肠菌群数
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业微生物学，生物化学与分子生物学
科目名称微生物学科目代码714
一、名词解释（每题3分，共30分）
1. MIC 2.间歇灭菌3. Tn 4.局限性转导5. Virus
6.准性生殖7.中体8. mega质粒9.酵母菌10. BOD
9.何谓三域学说？（5分）
10.简述支原体与L型细菌的主要区别。（8分）
11.紫外线对微生物DNA的损伤机理是什么？比较光复活作用和暗修复作用的差别。（6分）
四、论述题（25分）
1、请画出自然界的氮素循环图，并说明微生物在自然界氮素循环中所起的作用。其中为生物圈中一切生物提供最重要氮素资源的是哪个环节？该环节的反应需要哪些条件？
华侨大学814普通生物学2018到2010九套考研真题
9、金黄色葡萄球菌在革兰氏染色中，被染成（ ）色。
10、DNA 和 RNA 分子都是由许多顺序排列的（ ）组成的大分子。
三、不定项选择题（每题 2 分，共 20 分） 1、青霉素的杀菌作用的原理是（ ）。 A、抑制核糖体的 50S 亚基的活性；B、抑制肽链的延伸；C、抑制细菌转肽酶的活 性；D、抑制乙酰胆酯酶的活性
二、填空题（每空 1 分，共 10 分） 1、染色体的基本结构单位是（ ）。 2、转录过程中信使核糖核酸分子是按（ ）的方向延长的。 3、消化过程中，人的营养吸收主要是在（ ）中完成的。 4、鸟类不同于哺乳动物，其呼吸系统除了肺之外，还具有（ ），这使得鸟类无论吸气还 是呼气，都有新鲜空气在肺中进行气体交换。 5、正常细胞在分裂时，只要和相邻细胞接触，就停止活动，不再分裂，这一现象称为（ ）。 6、我国是世界上最早利用免疫学原理来预防天花的国家，当时使用的疫苗是（ ）。 7、某些进行有性生殖的微生物体内除染色体 DNA 外，还有一个小的环状 DNA 分子， 称为（ ）。 8、寄生于细菌的病毒称为（ ）。 9、中性学说认为（ ）是分子进化的基本动力。 10、细菌中最常见的繁殖方式是（ ）。
8、在遗传密码的密码子中，作为起始密码子的是（ ）。 A、UAG；B、AUG；C、CCU；D、GCA
第2页共3页
9、下列中哪一种物质与血红蛋白的亲合力最大（ ）。 A、O2；B、CO；C、CO2；D、N2 10、以下属于陆生脊椎动物胚胎外面的膜结构是（ ）。 A、羊膜；B、绒毛膜；C、卵黄膜；D、尿膜 四、简答题（每题 5 分，共 30 分） 1、举例说明生物体和非生物体“长大”的本质区别。 2、简述细菌芽孢的实践意义。 3、简述在原核微生物中哪些方式可引起基因重组。 4、简述“内共生学说”的主要内容。 5、按其遗传物质和形态划分，病毒可以划分为哪些种类。 6、简述常见的“5 界生物分类系统”。 五、论述题（每题 15 分，共 60 分） 1、以 ABO 血型为例，分析 ABO 基因型与 ABH 抗原系统之间的形成关系。 2、谈谈你对病毒起源的认识。 3、分析“夫妻相”产生的可能原因。 4、请设计实验证明“脚气的病毒疗法”的可行性。
2017年暨南大学考研试题 713生物化学B
2017年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：078001药物化学、078002药剂学、078004药物分析学、078005微生物与生化药学、078006药理学、078100中药学考试科目名称及代码：713生物化学B考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
（一）名词解释（10×3＝30分）1.终止密码子2.减色效应3.同工酶4.氧化磷酸化5.柠檬酸穿梭6.一碳单位7.端粒8.羧基末端结构域CTD9.顺式作用元件10.信号肽（二）是非判断题（正确打√，错误打×，20×1＝20分）1.双缩脲反应是肽和蛋白质特有的反应，所以二肽也有双缩尿反应。
（）2.在RNase（核糖核酸酶）分子中存在His12、His119侧链的咪唑基及Lys41-NH3由于多肽链是按特定方式折叠成一定空间结构，这三个在一级结构上相距甚远的氨基酸残基才彼此靠近构成RNase的催化中心。
（）3.真核生物成熟mRNA的两端均带有游离的3′-OH。
（）4.在所有病毒中，迄今为止还没有发现既含有RNA又含有DNA的病毒。
（）5.中心法则概括了DNA在信息代谢中的主导作用。
（）6.同一个酶对于不同的底物，其Km是不同的。
（）7.可逆性抑制剂通过与酶活性中心的必须基团以共价键结合来抑制酶的活性。
（）8.每对电子经NADH氧化呼吸链可产生1.5个ATP。
（）9.线粒体的ATP可通过主动运输的方式向外转运。
（）10.糖酵解产生的NADH可直接穿过线粒体膜进入电子传递链。
（）11.脂肪酸的活化和氧化均在线粒体内进行。
（）12.半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸都是体内硫酸根的主要供体。
（）13.拓扑异构酶对DNA分子的作用是既能水解，又能连接磷酸二酯键。
华侨大学有机化学2009--2017考研专业课真题试卷
华侨大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业化学科目名称有机化学科目代码828一、单项选择题（30分，每小题2分）1、黄鸣龙还原是指: ( )A、Na或Li还原苯环成为非共轭二烯B、Na + ROH 使羧酸酯还原成醇C、Na使酮双分子还原D、NH2NH2/KOH/高沸点溶剂, 还原羰基成亚甲基2、下列四个反应, 哪一个不能用来制备醛: ( )A、RMgX + (①HC(OEt)3, ②H+/H2O)B、RCH2OH + CrO3/H2SO4蒸馏C、RCH=CHR + (①O3, ②H2O/Zn)D、RCOCl + H2/Pt3、尼龙-66是哪两种物质的缩聚物: ( )A、尿素和甲醛B、苯酚和甲醛C、己二酸和己二胺D、氯乙烯和乙烯醇4、下列化合物不能发生碘仿反应的是: ( )A、CH3CH2CHOB、CH3COCH3C、CH3COCH2CH3D、CH3CH2OH5、下列羰基化合物与同一亲核试剂作用的活性最大的是：（）A、C6H5CHOB、HCHOC、D、CH3COOC2H5CHO6、下列化合物既能发生碘仿反应，又能和NaHSO3 加成的是：（）A、CH3COC6H5B、CH3CHOHCH2CH3C、CH3COCH2CH3D、CH3CH2CH2CHO7、下列结构中所有碳原子都是sp2杂化的是：（）A、B、C、CH2OHD、CH2CHCH CHCH38、下列物质与金属钠放出氢气速度最快的是：（）A、甲醇B、丙醇C、异丙醇D、叔丁醇9、下列反应不属于亲核加成反应的是：（）A、丙酮与亚硫酸氢钠反应B、羟醛缩合反应C、D-A反应D、Claisen酯缩合反应10、下列化合物在~1700cm-1 处无IR 吸收峰的是：（）A 乙酰乙酸乙酯B 葡萄糖C 苯乙酮D 苯甲醛11、下列化合物的沸点最高的是：（）A、正已醇B、正已烷C、1-己炔D、1-氯己烷12、无水氯化钙是一种广泛的干燥剂，它可以用来干燥下列哪种试剂：（）A、乙醇B、苯酚C、丙酮D、苯13、重结晶中，选用的溶剂应具备的性质中不包含：（）A、与被提纯的有机化合物不起化学反应B、重结晶物质与杂质的溶解度在此溶剂中有较大的差别C、溶剂与重结晶物质容易分离D、与水能够混溶14、判断分子离子峰的正确方法是：（）A、增加进样量，分子离子峰强度增加B、谱图中强度最大的峰C、质荷比最大的峰D、降低电子轰击电压，分子离子峰强度增加OH(1)OH OHBr (3)ClO(2)OOO(4)CH 2(COOEt)2OO(5)六、推断题（本题 20 分，每小题 10 分）(1)、分子式 C 9H 12 的芳香烃 A ，以高锰酸钾氧化后得二元羧酸 B 。