2013年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

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2014年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview über die Untersuchung von Herrn Levermann in Bezug auf den Klimawandel. Entscheiden Sie beim Hören, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch) (2P×10=20P)Sie hören das Interview jetzt ein zweites Mal. Überprüfen Sie dabei Ihre Antworten.【答案与解析】1.R 录音中提到“Wir kön nen mittlerweile einfach keine Zweifel mehr haben. DerMensch ist einfach die Ursache dieses Klimawandels.”意为：我们不需要再怀疑了，就是人类导致了气候变化，故本题正确。

2.F 录音中提到“dass wir zwischen einem halben Meter und einem MeterMeeresspiegelanstieg erwarten.”意为：预计海平面还会上升半米到一米，这是对未来海平面变化的预测，故本题“根据最新报道海平面已经上升了0.5至1米”错误。

3.F 录音中提到“...seit die Regierung der Malediven...eine Kabinettssitzung unterWasser abgehalten hat.”意为：马尔代夫政府曾在水下开会，故本题“在岛上开会”错误。

2013年德语专业四级真题及详解(B卷)【圣才出品】

2013年德语专业四级真题及详解（B卷）Ⅰ. Diktat (10%) (15 Minuten)A. Füllen Sie die Lücken aus!Sie hören den folgenden Text dreimal in normalem Tempo und füllen dann dieLücken aus.Ursula Hersperger arbeitet seit sieben Jahren für das Warenhaus Globus als frei 1) _____ Chefdesignerin. Sie war auch als 2) _____ sehr erfolgreich. Seit ihrer Zeit bei der Firma Globus hat sie 3) _____ neu definiert: nicht mehr altmodische 4) _____, sondern moderner Stil 5) _____ ihre Kollektionen (衣服新款式货样). Den größten Erfolg hatte Ursula Hersperger 6) _____ mit der Einführung der Marke Yves. 7) _____ ist sie sowohl für das Ausse hen der Kleider als auch die Produktion und Werbung für Yves 8)_____.【答案】1) schaffende2) Ladenbesitzerin3) Männermode4) Krawatten5) prägen6) bisher7) Mittlerweile8) verantwortlichB. Schreiben Sie den Text Satz für Satz auf den Antwortbogen.Sie hören den folgenden Text dreimal. Zuerst hören Sie sich den ganzen Text einmal an. Dann hören Sie sich den Text mit Satzzeichen noch einmal an. Dielängeren Sätze werden in Teilen vorgelesen. Zuletzt hören Sie den ganzen Text noch einmal.【答案】Mit der Mode der Designerin hat die Firma neue Wege beschritten undmöchte heute das Modebewusstsein der Männer auf die Probe stellen. Ursula findet es nicht ungewöhnlich, dass sie in ihrem Beruf als Designerin fürMännermode die einzige Frau ist. Alles, was für sie wirklich zählt, ist das Ergebnis ihrer Arbeit. Für Dinge außerhalb des Berufs bleibt ihr zwar nicht viel Zeit, dennoch arbeitet sie nebenbei immer noch als Journalistin für eine Modezeitschrift. Da ihre berufliche Vielseitigkeit positive Effekte für sie bringt, möchte sie bei keiner Firma angestellt sein.Ⅱ. Hörverstehen (20%) (20 Minuten)Teil 1 AlltagssituationenSie hören im Folgenden 6 Minidialoge nur einmal. Markieren Sie die Lösungen auf dem Antwortbogen.1. a. In der Tasche.b. In der Schublade.c. Auf dem Tisch.【答案】b【解析】录音中提到女士让男士看一眼钥匙在不在抽屉里，男士发现确实在。

2013年北京外国语大学215翻译硕士德语[专业硕士]真题及详解(圣才出品)

2013年北京外国语大学215翻译硕士德语[专业硕士]真题及详解I.Setzen Sie bitte die passende Lösung in den jeweiligen Satz ein.（1*20=20P）1.Herr Paulsen ist erst böse geworden,______er merkte,______du die Hausaufgaben abgeschrieben hattest.A.als...dassB.dass...obwohlC.wenn...dass【答案】C【解析】句意：当Paulsen先生知道你的作业是抄的之后才变得很生气。

wenn当……时。

2.Die Reparatur wird rund500Euro kosten.…Rund“bedeutet hier______.A.mindestensB.ungefährC.höchstensD.wahrscheinlich【答案】B【解析】句意：这次修理大约花费500欧元。

rund大约。

3.Sie war______verliebt,als sie Tobias das erste Mal sah.Aber schlieβlich war sie ______einem reichen alten Mann verheiratet.A.in ihn,mitB.mit ihm,mitC.mit ihm,zu【答案】B【解析】句意：当她第一次看到Tobias的时候和他相爱了。

但最后她和一个有钱的老男人结婚了。

mit jmdm verliebt sein和某人相爱；mit jmdm verheiratet sein和某人结婚。

4.Am Wochenende macht er______einen Ausflug oder bleibt zu Hause.A.entwederB.lieberC.sowohlD.weder【答案】A【解析】句意：周末的时候他不是去郊游就是呆在家。

专八语言学选择题及答案

专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.B. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5."Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in Chi na tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as "______".A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between "dead" and "alive" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words "encore" and "au pair " are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of languagea. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateralKey: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrarinessKey: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words "kowtow" and "tea " are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between "animal" and "lamb" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation between "rose" and "flower" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between "competence" and "performance" was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word "internationalism" should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as "telex" and "workfare" are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as "John is a student." belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between "male" and "female" is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B。

专业八级考试真题.doc

PART VI LISTENING COMPREHESIONSection A Mini-lectureMeaning in LiteratureIn reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of the literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue.There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature・I・ Meaning is what id in tended by _ 1 __ ・Apart from reading an author's working in question, readers need to1)read __ 2__ by the same author.2)get familiar with ___ 3 __ at the same time・3)get to know cultural values and symbols of the time・II・ Meaning exists "in" the text itself.1)some people's view: meaning is produced by the formal propertied of thetext like ___ 4 __ , etc.2)speakers view: meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and _5_・Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage・ But different time periods and different __________ 6 ___ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in context・ III. Meaning is created by ________ 7 ___ ・1)meaning is ___ 8 ___ .2)meaning is contextual.3)meaning requires _____ 9 ・---- practicing competency in reading・---- practicing other competencies.---- background research in _____ 10 ___ , etc.Section B InterviewIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green's university days?A.She felt bored.B.She felt lonely.C.She cherished them.D.The subject was easy.2.Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employme nt?A.Doing surveys at workplace.B.Analyzing survey results.C.Designing questiorrnaires.D.Taking a psychology course.3.According to Miss Green, the main differenee between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies inA.the nature of work.B.office decora廿on.C.office loca廿on.D.work procedures.4.Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A.She felt un happy in side the compa ny.B.She felt work there too demanding.C.She was denied promo廿on in the company.D.She Ionged for new opportunities.5.How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A.She was willing and ready.B.She sounded mildly eager.C.She a bit surprised.D.She sounded very reluctant.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.6.The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wan ted toA.destroy the European Central Bank.B.have an interview with a TV station.C.circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D.remember the death of a US astronaut.7.Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A.He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B.He was pilo廿ng a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C.He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D.He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8.The n ews is mainly about the city go ver nment's plan toA.expand and improve the existing subway system.B.build underground malls and parking lots.C.preve nt further la nd subside nee.D.promote advaneed technology.Questions are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.9.According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones isA.that it can hear the owner's voice.B.that it can remember a password.C.that it can ident:ify the owner's voice.D.that it can remember the owner's PIN.10.The newly developed credit card is said to said to have all the following EXCEPTA.switch.B.battery.C.speaker.D.built-in chip.PART I READING COMPREHENSION (30MIN)In this sec廿on there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.Text AThe University in Transforma廿on, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jenn if er Gidley, prese nts some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow's universities by writers represen廿ng both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, ques廿oning nearly every key assump廿on we have about higher educa廿on today.The most widely discussed alter native to the traditio nal campus is the In ter net University—a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries.Yet the In ter net Un iversity poses dan gers, too. For example, a line of fran chised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed un der the bra nd n ame of a famous institutJon, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global educa廿on market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a college education in a box could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communica廿ons professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global cormectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher educa廿on, that does not mean greater uniformity in course conten t—orother dan gers—will n ecessarily follow. Cou nter-moveme nts are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contribu廿ng to this volume, are questioning the fun dame ntal missi on of un iversity educa 廿on. What if, for instan ce, in stead of receivi ng primarily tech nical trai ning and buildi ng their in dividual careers, un iversity students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on exis廿ng problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become "讦we believed that child care workers and teachers in early childhood educa廿on should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?〃Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and con due 廿ng in depe ndent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for in dividual stude nts by mixing and matching the best course offeri ngs available from in stitu 廿ons all aro und the world. A sec ond group, men tors, would function much like today's faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instruc廿ng them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley's view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charisma廿c sages and prac廿廿oners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and tech no logical solution s to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be "enrolled" in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between—or even during—sessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduc廿on, no future is in evitable, and the very act of imagi ning and thinking through alter native possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, crea廿vely and urgently even a dominant tech no logy is adapted and applied. Eve n in academia, the future belongs to those who care eno ugh to work their visions into prac 廿cal, sustai nable reali 廿es.11.Whe n the book reviewer discusses the In ter net Un iversity,[A]he is in favor of it.[B]his view is balaneed.[C]he is slightly critical of it.[D]he is strongly critical of it.12.Which of the followi ng is NOT see n as a pote nt:ial dan ger of the In ter net Un iversity?[A]In ter net based courses may be less costly tha n traditi onal on es.[B]Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.[C]In ter net based courseware may lack variety in course content.[D]The In ter net Un iversity may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13.Accordi ng to the review, what is the fun dame ntal missi on of traditi onal un iversity education?[A]Knowledge learning and career building.[B]Learning how to solve existing social problems.[C]Researchi ng into solutions to curre nt world problems.[D]Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, un iversity teachersare required to con duct more in depe ndent research.are required to offer more courses to their students.are supposed to assume more demanding du廿es.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15.Which category of writing does the review belong to?Narrati on.Descrip 廿on.Persuasi on.Exposi 廿on.Text BEvery street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometow ns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.The town had changed, but then it had n't. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as 廿ghtly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A Iandowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to adjoining Iandowners, nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.But in the older sec廿ons, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike.Most of the houses were st:ill owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new own ers kept the law ns clipped and the shutters pain ted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sun days except go to church, sit on porches, visit n eighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family mee廿ng, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played Little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool he'd swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches—Bap廿st, Methodist, and Presbyterian—facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sen tries, their steeples compe ting for height. They were empty no w,but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small tow ns. But here the people had bee n faithful to their dow ntow n merchants, and there wasn't a single empty or boarded・up building around the square—no small miracle. Theretail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee sec廿on in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he'd never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother's grave, somethi ng he had n't done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father's study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give n, many decrees and di rec 廿ons, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he'd climbed twice, the second 廿me with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he'd never visited since he'd left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before gening bouneed off the team.It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.16.From the first paragraph, we get the impression thatRay cherished his childhood memories.Ray had something urge nt to take care of.Ray may not have a happy childhood.Ray cannot remember his childhood days.17.Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray's hometown?[A]Lifeless.[B]Religious.[C]Traditional.[D]Quiet.28.From the passage we can in fer that the rela 廿on ship betwee n Ray and his pare nts was[A]close.[B]remote.[C]tense.[D]impossible to tell.19.It can be inferred from the passage that Ray's father was all EXCEPT[A]con siderate.[B]punctual.[C]thrifty.[D]dominant.Text CCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experienee by itself. Neither the Iandscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these seenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose quali廿es seem to harmonize with their environment.Except at harvest 廿me, when self-preservat:ion requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war.Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defenee.Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combi nations of tribes all have their acco unts to settle with one ano ther. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the conversion about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse popula廿on.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an un mitigated nuisan ce. The convenience of the rifle was no where more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan-----which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one s own house and fire at one's neighbor nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of scienee. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial in flue nee throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Patha n tribesmen en tertai ned for Chris tian civiliza tion was vastly enhan ced.The ac 廿on of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsat:isfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair),but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the "butcher and bolt policy" to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20. The word debts in 〃 very few debts are left unpaid" in the first paragraph means loans.accou nts. killings, bargai ns.21. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian fron 廿 er?[A] Melting snows.[B] Large popula 廿on.[C] Steep hillsides.[D] Fertile valleys.According to the passage, the Patna ns welcomed the introduction of the rifle.the spread of British rule.the extension of luxuries.the spread of trade.-----Building roads by the Britishput an end to a whole series of quarrels, prevented the Pathans from carrying on feuds, lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans. gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24. A suitable title for the passage would beCampaigning on the Indian Fron廿er.Why the Pathans Resented the British Rule. The Popularity of Rifles among the Pathans. The Pathans at War.Text D"Museum" is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything con secrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples—notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is s廿II lit)—had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Roma ns also collected and exhibited art from disba nded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exot:ic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by translitera廿on (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum s廿II more or less meant〃Muses- shrinetThe inspira廿onal collec廿ons of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries—which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collect:ions, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also in eluded coins and gems—ofte n ant:i que en graved on es—as well as, in creasi ngly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not "collected" either, but "site-specific" ‘and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildi ngs and of the way of life which went on in side them—a nd most of the buildings were public ones.However,during the revival of ant:iquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any con temporary, so that displays of an 廿quities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses- shrines in the former sen se. The Medici garde n n ear San Marco in Flore nee, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early "inspirational" collec廿ons. Soon they multi plied, and, gradually, exemplary "moder works were also added to such----------galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutJons and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kun sthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decli ne of craftsma nship (and of public taste with it) in spired the crea tion of "improving" collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.The sentence Museum is a slippery word in the first paragraph means that the meaning of the word didn't change until after the 15th century.the meaning of the word had changed over the years.the Greeks held differe nt con cepts from the Roma ns.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections. 26. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from the Roma ns.Flore nee.Olympia.Greek.27. ...the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined in the third paragraph means there was a great dema nd for fakers, fakers grew rapidly in number. fakers became more skillful. fakers became more polite. Pain 廿ngs and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were collected from elsewhere. made part of the buildings.donated by people.bought by churches.29. Modern museums came into existenee in order to [A] protect royal and church treasures. [B] improve existing collections.[C] s 廿mulate public interest.[D] raise more fun ds.30. Which is the main idea of the passage?Collection and collectors.The evolu 廿on of museums. a----Modern museums and their func廿ons.The birth of museums.Part IIGENARAL KNOWLEDGEThere are ten multi pie-choice ques tions in this sec tion. Choose the best an swer to each ques廿on. Mark your answer on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Preside nt duri ng the America Civil War wasA.An drew Jacks onB.Abraham LincolnC.Thomas Jeffers onD.George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand isA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.THE IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head ofA.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.SEIiotB.DHLawreneeC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written byA.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O'NeillD.Ernest Hemingway37.______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.con text39.The words "kid, child, offspriare examples ofA.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotJve synonymsD.colloca廿onal synonyms40.The distinction between parole and Iangue was made byA.HallidayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.SaussurePart HI. Proofreading and Error CorrectionWe use Ianguage primarily as a means of communication withother huma n bein gs. Each of us shares with the comm unity in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conversions as (1) _ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2) ____________________ message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3) _________set of grammat:ical rules which enables him to communicate his (4) ________thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5) _________ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses ac廿ve- [y and that which he recog nises, in creases ill size as he growsold as a result of educa廿on and experienee. (6) ____But, whether the Ianguage store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7) _________member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice' two most (8) __________comm on forms of tra nsmissi on-by means of sou nds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (wri廿ng). And these are (9) _______among most striking of human achievements. (10) ____Part IV TraslationTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.I have nothing to offer but blood,toil,tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many mon ths of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our poliy.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。

德语专业八级核心词汇全突破(N)【圣才出品】

Nnach Präp. +D <表示方向>向，到；在……之后；以后【例句】Ich bin nach Deutschland gefahren.我去了德国。

Nach dem Film gehen wir noch ein Bier trinken. 看完电影后我们还得喝杯啤酒。

【搭配】nach und nach渐渐地nach wie vor始终nach außen向外nachahmen Vt. 模仿【例句】Er mag einen Sänger nachahmen.他喜欢模仿一位歌手。

【联想】nachahmenswert Adj. 值得模仿的Nachahmer m. 模仿者Nachahmung f. 模仿，伪造Nachbar der, -n 邻居，邻座【例句】Er bekommt einen neuen Nachbar.他有了新邻居。

Wir verstehen uns gut mit unseren Nachbarn.我们同我们的邻居相处很好。

【联想】Nachbarin, -nen f.女邻居Nachbarland das, ..-er 邻国【例句】Deutschland hat viele Nachbarländer.德国毗邻许多国家。

【联想】Nachbardorf, ..-er n.邻村Nachbartisch, -e m.邻桌Nachbarzimmer, - n.隔壁房间Nachbarschaft die,-en 邻居；邻里关系【例句】Die ganze Nachbarschaft spricht darüber.邻里都在议论这件事。

Wir halten gute Nachbarschaft.我们保持好的邻居关系。

nachdem Konj. 在……之后【例句】Nachdem er gegessen hatte, schaute er noch ein wenig fern.他吃完饭之后，还看了一会儿电视。

2012-2014年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2012年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview mit der Bundesbildungsministerin Annette Schavan über das Bunde sausbildungsförderungsgesetz (BAföG). Sie hören dieses Interview insgesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch) (2P×10=20P)【答案与解析】1.F 录音中提到“Sie bekommen noch immer nicht das Geld, um ihreLebenshaltungskosten abzudecken”意为：他们仍然没有钱支付生活费，BAföG 的作用是助学金，但并非是为了满足学生的一切需求，故本题错误。

2.R 录音中提到“BAföG ist gerade im Laufe der letzten Jahre mehrfach erhöhtworden”意为：BAföG在过去几年提高了很多”，故本题正确。

3.F 录音中提到“Die Ausgaben sind allein in den letzten sechs Jahren um 26Prozent gestiegen.”即是6年，不是16年，故本题错误。

4.R 录音中提到“Jeder zahlt auch selbst zu seinem Studium. Bildung ist etwaswert...”意为：每个人都要为教育付费，教育是有价值的，故本题“Schavan女士认为BAföG不必足够用于支付学生的所有生活费用”正确。

德语专八德国经济类真题汇总

德语专八德国经济类真题汇总1. Die Schweiz benutzt eine andere W?hrung als Euro als Zahlungsmittel.用瑞郎2. Durch die W?hrungsreform im Jahr 1948 wurde die Zigarettenw?hrungabgel?st und durch eine neue stabile W?hrung ,die Deutsche Mark,ersetzt.通过1948年的货币改革，香烟货币被一种新的稳定的货币——德国马克所代替3. Eine Voraussetzung des deutschen Wirtschaftswunders war dieW?hrungreform i m Jahr 1948.4. Die letzte W?hrung in Dl vor der Euro-Einführug hie? Deutsche Mark.5. Alle L?nder,die den Euro als gesetzliche W?hrung benutzen,geh?ren derEU an.（错）比如梵蒂冈就不是欧盟6. Seit dem 1. Januar 2002 gilt der Euro als das neue Zahlungsmittel inallen EU-Staten.(错)并不是所有欧盟国家：英国、丹麦就不是7. Die ehemaligen W?hrungseinheiten in Dl vor der Euro-Einfüh rug hie?Deutsche Mark und Pfennig欧元引入之前德国以前的货币单位叫做马克和芬尼8. Wer hat sich für die Einführung der einheitlichen W?hrung,,Euro’’eingesetzt ?-Helmut Kohl （2002。

2009-2010年专八(TEM8)真题、答案及听力原文(整理打印版)

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face to face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physical posture in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)_____: to express attitude or intention examples (1)_______1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_______: unimportance (2)_______4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA. facial expressions(3)____________ (3)_______— smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions— eyebrow raising: surprise or interest— lip biting: (4)_________________ (4)_______ B. gestureGestures are related to culture.British culture— shrugging shoulders: (5)_______ (5)_______ — scratching head: puzzlement other cultures— placing hand upon heart: (6)_______ (6)_______ — pointing at nose: secretC. proximity, posture and echoing1. proximity: physical distance between speakers— closeness: intimacy or threat—(7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_______ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_______ -specific. (8)_______2. posture— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)_______ (9)_______ — direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3. echoing— definition: imitation of similar posture—(1)_______: aid in communication (10)_______ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means _______.A. merging of different cultural identitiesB. more emphasis on homogeneityC. embracing of more ethnic differencesD. acceptance of more branches of Christianity2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. America is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. Maine.B. Selinsgrove.C. Philadelphia.D. California.4. During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that _______.A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populationsB. both older and younger populations are racially diverseC. age diversity could lead to pension problemsD. older populations are more racially diverse5. According to the interview, religious diversity _______.A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000B. exists among Muslim immigrantsC. is restricted to certain places in the USD. is spreading to more parts of the countrySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire is _______ .A. electrical short-circuitB. lack of fire-safety measuresC. terrorismD. not knownPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWe had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws — not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, "When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws."While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera — a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata's Telegraph —Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books — told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. "I refuse to be carried by another human being myself," he said, "but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood." Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuineinterest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head — a gesture I interpreted to mean, "If you are so na?ve as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on." Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pinned their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything —or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. "The government was the government of the poor people," one sardar told me. "Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people."But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations —or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated."Which option has been chosen?" I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit."That hasn't been decided," he said."When will it be decided?""That hasn't been decided," he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT _______.A. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchases.D. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That "For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar" (4th paragraph) means that even so, _______.A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people _______.A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?A. "...— not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor." (2nd paragraph)B. "..., whic h sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera." (4th paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." (7th paragraph)D. "...or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas." (6th paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest _______.A. the uncertainty of the court's decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada —get this — "We have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to astation 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do — unhappily.For those of us in the latter group — consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder — what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? "Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers ... Poor suckers, mostly." (2nd paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _______.A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the older buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page; there burst, like a sugary bomb, the clatter of cups, the shrill chatter of white-and-vermilion girls, and, cleaving the golden, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: "For one, sir? This way, please." Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That "behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel" suggests that _______.A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café.C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the cafe was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT _______.A. "... turned Babylonian".B. "perhaps a new barbarism".C. "acres of white napery".D. "balanced to the last halfpenny".23. In its context the statement that "the place was built for him" means that the café was intended to _______.A. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author's attitude to the café is _______.A. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DNow elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited — the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the "Mona Lisa."When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (冶炼厂), those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit — a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions — the remote and sparsely populated east —where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself."We have to live," Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. "We have a right to live."27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of _______.A. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT _______.A. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. imposition of fishing quotas.30. The 4th paragraph in the passage ________.A. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.31. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is _______.。

德语专八真题答案

德语专八真题答案【篇一：2009年德语专八答案】il ii (die angaben in der klammer sind nicht obligatorisch zu nennen; angaben hinter dem schr?gstrich ? / “ sind alternativ.)11. (um ) 0,5 (prozentpunkte)13. aig / (dem einst weltgr??ten versicherungsriesen) / (american internationalgroup)14. 85 milliarden (dollar)15. (die schwere) finanzkrise16. kein wirtschaftswachstum / null-wachstumzusammenarbeit18. lieferung von nuklearem brennstoff, reaktoren und atomtechnik nach indien19. zu internationalen inspektionen seiner zivilen atomreaktoren20. wegen einer neuen strategischen lage21. 86.00022. 201324. serbien25. 7427. waffenstillstandsvereinbarung28. (bis) freitaggrammatik (15 punkte)34. als der dieb in die wohnung einbrach, verlor er sein handy. oder: w?hrend der dieb in die wohnung einbrach, verlor er sein handy.35. der apfel war zu sch?n, als dass schneewittchen h?tte widerstehen k?nnen.37. jedes jahr steht ein bestimmtes land, auf dessen buchproduktion aufmerksam gemacht werden soll, im mittelpunkt der frankfurter buchmesse.38. in den gro?st?dten, wohin immer mehr menschen ziehen, werden dielebensbedingungen immer schlechter.40. die regimegegner wurden unter anwendung von gewalt abtransportiert.41-45wortschatz (25 punkte)47. die kohle verbrennt.48. das wasser verdampft.49. das obst verdirbt50. das alte haus verf?llt.51. die schmerzen vergehen.52. das lebewesen verhungert.53. die musik verklingt.54. die ger?te aus eisen verrosten.55. das brot verschimmelt56. verschrieb57. erstattet58. verliehen / ausgeh?ndigt59. gegangen60. verurteilt61. indirekt62. unkontrollierte / befreite / ausgel?ste64. schaffte / gelang / vollbrachte65. finden / feststellen67. reibt sie sich die augen68. bei?t sie sich auf die lippen69. kratzt er sich am kopf70. verschr?nkt sie die armeleseverst?ndnis71 c72 b73 c74 b75 b76 b77 c78 c79 b80 clandeskunde (10 punkte)81. r82. r 83. r84. f 85. f87. b 88. d 89. d 90. a 91. c97. b 98. a86. r 92. a 93. b 99. a 100. d答案德译中第三次工业革命的技术革新所发生的时代是第二次工业革命还没有完全实现突破之时。

德语八级

2、《时事德语通》外研社，北京外国语大学姚晓舟老师编写，第二版已经出版。

3、德国之声电台在线听：/media/2、语法词汇部分（30分钟）【专项考试时间及分值分布】该部分考试时间为30分钟，语法部分15题，共15分，词汇部分30题，共25分。

总计45题，40分。

【测试内容及试题形式】该部分考察考生对德语语法与词汇的熟练掌握。

主要考察点：情态动词（注意完成时用法、表推测的用法、在被动态中的用法等），第一、第二虚拟式（特别是第二虚拟式的各种句式，如非现实愿望句、条件句, so…dass句式，zu…als dass 句式，ohne dass 句式等），介词用法（动词与介词、名词与介词，形容词与介词的搭配是重点），同义、近义词辨析，常见反义词、固定搭配（包括固定词组或谚语俗语），常考的内容还有例如：谚语、俗语中表示人体器官的词用法，表示颜色的词的特殊用法，同根词的辨析等。

题型主要有：词汇填空（选择填空或直接填空），选择，改错，句型转换等。

该部分共40题，其中语法15题，词汇256题。

难度级别：高。

因为涉及到谚语俗语，固定搭配，一般词的特殊用法等，所以难度较大。

【应试准备与技巧】考生应在学习过程中注意总结和思考，弄清同义近义词的用法区别，搞清楚基本词的用法，另外应熟读以下几本书：1、《德语语法大全》下2、《德语语法解析与练习》3、《德语中级测试》4、《德语学习》杂志3、阅读理解部分【专项考试时间及分值分布】该部分考试时间为25分钟，共10题，共20分。

【测试内容及试题形式】该部分要求考生能够以100词/分的速度阅读相关文章，掌握一定的阅读技巧和策略。

该部分试题由3篇阅读材料组成，共1000词左右，每篇文章后有3-4个选择题。

文章类型有：涉及政治、经济、文化、文学、历史、科技、常识、人物等方面的记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文、应用文（广告、说明书、指南等），图标等。

【应试准备与技巧】在考试大纲提供的样题中，3篇阅读文章2篇出自网络。

2013~2014年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2013年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.What Do Active Learners Do?There are differences between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with (1) _____ (1) _____A. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (2) _____ (2) _____ II. (3) _____ and critical in thinking (3) _____i.e. information processing, e. g.—connections between the known and the new information—identification of (4) ______ concepts (4) _____—judgment on the value of (5) _____ (5) _____ III. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (6) _____ (6) _____B. before note-taking: listening and (7) _____ (7) _____ IV. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (8) _____ (8) _____B. reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to (9) _____ (9) _____A. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (10) _____ (10) _____ VI. last characteristicA. attitude toward (11) _____ (11) _____—active learners: accept—passive learners: (12) _____ (12) _____B. attitude toward (13) _____ (13) _____—active learners: evaluate and change behavior—passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will:I. Skill means the tools to handle the studying and learning demands;II. Will means the (14) _____ to follow through; (14) _____ III. Will is more important in (15) _____; (15) _____ IV. Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.【答案与解析】(1) purpose(细节题。

德语专业八级核心词汇全突破-F-G【圣才出品】

FFabel die, -n寓言；虚构的故事；主要情节【例句】Die Fabel des Romans ist neu.这篇小说的主要情节很新颖。

fabelhaft Adj. 极好的，神话般的【例句】Das ist ja fabelhaft!这真好极了！Fabrik die, -en 工厂【例句】Die Fabrik ist außer Betrieb.工厂停工了。

Fach das, ..er 学科，专业【例句】Mein Fach ist Medizin.我的专业是医学。

Facharbeiter der, -n 技工【例句】Die Firma versuchte alles, um den Facharbeiter zu halten.公司尝试了所有方法来留住技术工人。

Fachbereich der, -(e)s, -e专业领域，专业范围【例句】Das fällt nicht in meinen Fachbereich.这不属于我的专业领域。

fächerförmig Adj. 扇形的【例句】Diese Grafik ist fächerförmig.这是扇形图。

Fachleute, Pl. 专家【例句】Der Delegation waren Fachleute als Berater beigeordnet.给代表团派了一些专业人员当顾问。

【联想】Fachmann, Fachleute m.专家fachlich Adj. 专业的，业务的【例句】Dolmetscher muss fachlich gut sein.一位口译必须有好的专业知识。

Fachschule die, -n 专科学校【搭配】eine Fachschule absolvieren毕业于专科学校【联想】Fachterminologie, -n f.专业术语Fackel die, -n 火炬；火把，火焰【例句】Dort wurde dann die Olympische Fackel entzündet.奥运火炬之后在那里被点燃。

(完整word版)专八改错_历届(2000年-2013年)真题及答案解读

PART IV PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a"^"sign and write the word you believe to bemissing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition it must often build it. (3) exhibit2013年Psycholinguistics is the name given to the study of the psychologicalprocesses involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1)listening, reading, speaking, writing, and the memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2)happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3)Indeed, when you listen to someone speaking, looking at this page, (4)You normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptionalcircumstances we might become aware of the complexity. (5)involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6)their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if (7)we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; orif we are visually impaired or hearing- impaired or if we meetanyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8)of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstance”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9)listening, writing and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful (10)experiments to get at what is happening.2013参考答案：1. production改producing2. 去掉the3. of 后加the most of time 意为时常most of the time 绝大多数时间4. looking5. we 前加that 强调句6. influenced改affected, influence 强调人或物对某人的影响，affect强调因为某种作用对某人或某物产生的影响，本句中指中风这一动作行为对语言的影响7. acquire 改acquiring observe sb. Doing sth.8. anyone 改someone9. evolved 改involved10. were 改are2012年The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely.The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavored certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th(5) _______century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____2012参考答案：1．going∧since－加入on 题解：go on的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。

2013专八真题及各种答案

免费2013专八真题及答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT：195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap．Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．Now, listen to the mini-lecture．What Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1) ________II. (2) ______ and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.-- connections between the known and the new information-- identification of (3) ______ concepts-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.III. active in listeningA.ways of note-taking: (5) _______.B.before note-taking: listening and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA.reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.B.Reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) ______.VI. Last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility-- active learners: accept-- passive learners: (8) _______B. attitude toward (9) ______-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour-- passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview．At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions．Now listen to the interview．1．According to the interviewer, which of the following best indicates the relationship between choice and mobility?A．Better educatio n →greater mobility →more choices．B．Better education →more choices →greater mobility．C．Greater mobility →better education →more choices．D．Greater mobility →more choices →better education．2．According to the interview，which of the following details about the first poll is INCORRECT? A．Shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important．B．Chances for advancement might have been favoured by young people．C．High income failed to come on top for being most important．D．Job security came second according to the poll results．3．According to the interviewee，which is the main difference between the first and the second poll?A．The type of respondents who were invited．B．The way in which the questions were designed．C．The content area of the questions．D．The number of poll questions．4．What can we learn from the respondents’answers to items 2，4 and 7 in the second poll? A．Recognition from colleagues should be given less importance．B．Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills．C．Psychological reward is more important than material one．D．Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency．5．According to the interviewee，which of the following can offer both psychological and monetary benefits?A．Contact with many people．B．Chances for advancement．C．Appreciation from coworkers．D．Chances to learn new skillsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news, At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．6．According to the news item，“sleep boxes”are designed to solve the problems of A．airports．B．passengers．C．architects．D．companies．7．Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?A．Sleep boxes can be rented for different lengths of time．B．Renters of normal height can stand up inside．C．Bedding can be automatically changed．D．Renters can take a shower inside the box．Question 8 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question．Now listen to the news．8．What is the news item mainly about?A．London’S preparations for the Notting Hill Carnival．B．Main features of the Notting Hill Carnival．C．Police's preventive measures for the carnival．D．Police participation in the carnival．Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．9．The news item reports on a research finding aboutA．the Dutch famine and the Dutch women．B．early malnutrition and heart health．C．the causes of death during the famine．D．nutrition in childhood and adolescence．10．When did the research team carry out the study?A．At the end of World War II．B．Between 1944 and 1945．C．In the 1950s．D．In 2007．PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．TEXT AThree hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or 1etter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters．“The coffee houses particularly are．very roomy for a free conversation，and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news，”noted one observer．Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun，pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news，thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience．The penny press，followed by radio and television，turned news from a two-way conversation into a one—way broadcast，with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media．Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house．The internet is making news more participatory，social and diverse，reviving the discursive characteristics of" the era before the mass media．That will have profound effects on society and politics．In much of the world．the mass media are flourishing．Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009．But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries．Over the past decade，throughout the Western world，people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways．Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling，sharing，filtering，discussing and distributing news．Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing．Classified documents are published in their thousands online．Mobile·phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts．Social-networking sites help people find，discuss and share news with their friends．And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite．Technology firms including Google，Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news．Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks；many countries now make raw data availablethrough“open government”initiatives．The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world．The web has allowed new providers of news，from individual bloggers to sites，to rise to prominence in a very short space of time．And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism，such as that practiced by WikiLeaks，which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents．The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets．In principle，every liberal should celebrate this．A more participatory and social news environment，with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources，is a good thing．The transformation of the news business is unstoppable，and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure．As producers of new journalism，individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources．As consumers，they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards．And although this transformation does raise concerns，there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse，vociferous，argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet．The coffee house is back．Enjoy it．11．According to the passage，what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?A．The emergence of big mass media firms．B．The popularity of radio and television．C．The appearance of advertising in newspapers．D．The increasing number of newspaper readers．12．Which of the following statements best supports“Now, the Hews industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house”?A Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6％between 2005 and 2009．B．People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news．C．Classified documents are published in their thousands online．D．More people are involved in finding，discussing and distributing news．13．According to the passage，which is NOT a role played by information technology? A．Challenging the traditional media．B．Planning the return to coffee-house news．C．Providing people with access to classified files．D．Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news．14．The author’S tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism isA．optimistic and cautious．B．supportive and skeptical．C．doubtful and reserved．D．ambiguous and cautious．15．In“The coffee house is back”，coffee house best symbolizesA．the changing characteristics of news audience．B．the more diversified means of news distribution．C．the participatory nature of news．D. the more varied sources of news．TEXT BParis is like pornography．You respond even if you don’t want to．You turn a corner and see a vista，and your imagination bolts away。

2015-2018年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ.Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören eine Radiosendung zum Thema …Mehr intensive Niederschlagsereignisse“. Sie hören das Interview insgesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch). (2P×10=20P)【答案与解析】1.R 录音中提到“Lang anhaltende R egenfälle und heftige Stürme hatten immerwieder Bäume entwurzelt, die dann auf Gleise und Oberleitungen stürzten.”意为：持续不断的降雨和暴风雨将树木连根拔起，树木纷纷在铁轨和架空线上坠落，导致交通瘫痪。

故本题正确。

2.F 录音中提到“Gewitter und Starkregen-Ereignisse treten seit Jahren inDeutschland immer häuf iger auf.”意为：近几年来雷雨以及暴雨天气德国发生得更加频繁了。

故本题错误。

3.F 录音中提到“...kleinräumig, aus Gewittern sich entwickelndeStarkniederschläge”意为：小型的、由雷雨引发的暴雨，给当地造成了伤害。

故本题错误。

4.R 录音中提到“Wir haben ja das nicht nur auf den Eisenbahnschienengesehen...Wir sahen das auch auf den Autobahnen, dass hier zementierte Autobahnen diese sogenannten Blowups hatten.”意为：不止在铁路上，我们在高速公路上也看到了狂风大作的场景。