2010年全国德语本科专业八级考试真题及答案解析
2010专八真题及答案.doc
2010 专八真题及答案【篇一：2010 英语专八真题及答案(word 完整版)】>test for english majors (2010)-grade eight- part isection a listening comprehension (35 min) mini-lecturein this section you will hear a mini-lecture. you will hear thelecture once only. while listening, take notes on the importantpoints. your notes will not be marked, but you will need themto complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when thelecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check yournotes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling taskon answer sheet one. use the blank sheet for note-taking.complete the gap-filling task. some of the gaps below mayrequire a maximum of three words. make sure the word(s) youfill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. youmay refer to your notes.paralinguistic features of languagein face-to-face communication speakers often alter theirtomes of voice or change their physical postures in order toconvey messages. these means are called paralinguisticfeatures of language, which fall into two categories. firstcategory: vocal paralinguistic featuresa. (1)__________: to express attitude or intention(1)__________b. examples1. whispering:need for secrecy2.breathiness:deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality:anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacysecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresa. facial expressions1. (3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome2. less common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________b. gesturegestures are related to culture. 1. britishculture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________(5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlement2. other cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretc. proximity, posture and echoing1. proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest(7)_________ proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________2. posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3. echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockery section b interviewin this section you will hear everything once only. listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. mark the correct answer to each question on answer sheet two.questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. at the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.now listen to the interview.1. according to dr johnson, diversity meansa. merging of different cultural identities.b. more emphasis on homogeneity.c. embracing of more ethnic differences.d. acceptance of more branches of christianity.2. according to the interview, which of the following statements in correct?a. some places are more diverse than others.b. towns are less diverse than large cities.c. diversity can be seen everywhere.d. american is a truly diverse country.3. according to dr johnson, which place will witness a radicalchange in its racial makeup by 2025?a. maineb. selinsgrovec.philadelphia d.california4. during the interview dr johnson indicates thata. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.b. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.c. age diversity could lead to pension problems.d. older populations are more racially diverse.5. according to the interview, religious diversitya. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.b. exists among muslim immigrants.c. is restricted to certain places in the us.d. is spreading to more parts of the country.section c news broadcastin this section you will hear everything once only. listencarefully and then answer the questions that follow. mark thecorrect answer to each question on your coloured answersheet.question 6 is based on the following news. at the end of thenews item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer thequestion.now listen to the news.6. what is the main idea of the news item?a. sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.b. japan will market its wallet phone abroad.c. the wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.d. reader devices are available at stores and stations.question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. at the end ofthe news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer thequestions.now listen to the news.7. which of the following is mentioned as the government ’s measure to control inflation?a. foreign investment.b. donorsupport.c. price control.d. bank prediction.8. according to kingdom bank, what is the current inflationrate in zimbabwe?a. 20 million percent.b. 2.2 million percent.c. 11.2million percent.d. over 11.2 million percent.question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. at the endof the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer thequestion.now listen to the news.9. which of the following is correct? a. a big fireerupted on the nile river.b. helicopters were used to evacuate people.c. five people were taken to hospital for burns.d. a big fire took place on two floors. 10. the likely cause of the bigfire isa. electrical short-cut.b. lack of fire-satefy measures.c. terrorism.d.not known.part ii reading comprehension (30 min)in this section there are four reading passages followed by atotal of 20 multiple-choice questions. read the passages andthen mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.text astill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (sodoes its name, officially changed in 2001 from calcutta tokolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in bengali. conversing in english, i never heard anyone call thecity anything but calcutta.) to westerners, the conveyancemost identified with kolkata is not its modern subway — afacility whose spacious stations have art on the walls andcricket matches on television monitors —but the hand-pulled rickshaw. stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cartwith high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks closeto needing the succor of mother teresa. for years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulledrickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds —principallyon the ground that, as the mayor of kolkata has often said, it isoffensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pullanother man. ”but these days politicians also lament theimpact of 6,000 hand- pulled rickshaws on a modern city ’straffic and, particularly, on its image. “w s e t r s y t e t o r n e rassociate beggars and these rickshaws with the calcuttalandscape, but this is not what calcutta stands for, ”the chiefminister of west bengal, buddhadeb bhattacharjee, said in apress conference in 2006. “our city stands for prosperity anddevel opment. ”the chief minister t h—eequivalent of a state governor —went on to announce thathand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streetsof kolkata.from june to september kolkata can get torrential rains, and itsdrainage system doesn ’t need o t rrential rain to begin backingup. residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that inkolkata “if a stray cat pees, there ’s a flood. ”during my stay itonce rained for about 48 hours. entire neighborhoods couldn ’tbe reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers ’waists. when it ’s raining, the normalcustomer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as doesthe price of a journey. a writer in kolkata told me, t “when irains, even the governor takes rickshaws. ”while i was in kolkata, a magazine called india today publishedits annual ranking of indian states, according to suchmeasurements as prosperity and infrastructure. among india ’s20 largest states, bihar finished dead last, as it has for four ofthe past five years. bihar, a couple hundred miles north ofkolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers comefrom. once in kolkata, they sleep on the street or in theirrickshaws or in a dera —a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed bysomeone called a sardar. for sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about$2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal untilyou’ve visited a dera. they gross between 100 and 150 rupees aday, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of therickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing astreet where rickshaws are prohibited. a 2003 study found that rickshawpullers are near the bottom of kolkata occupations in income,doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. forsomeone without land or education, that still beats trying tomake a living in bihar.there are people in kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sortof thing people of their station do or because they regard thehand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. ironically, someof those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws.the editor of the editorial pages of kolkata ’s telegraph—rudrangshu mukherjee, a former academic who still writeshistory books —told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side ofkeeping hand- pulled rickshaws on the road. “i refuse to be carried by another human being myself, ”he said, “but i question whether we have the right to take away theirlivelihood. ”rickshawsupporters point out that when it comesto demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly uniquein kolkata.when i asked one rickshaw puller if he thought thegovernment ’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on agenuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shakeof his head —a gesture i interpreted to mean, “if【篇二：2010 年英语专八真题及其答案】s (2010) -grade eight- listening comprehension (35 min)section a mini-lecturein this section you will hear a mini-lecture. you will hear thelecture once only. while listening, take notes on the importantpoints. your notes will not be marked, but you will need themto complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when thelecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check yournotes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling taskon answer sheet one. use the blank sheet for note-taking.complete the gap-filling task. some of the gaps below mayrequire a maximum of three words. make sure the word(s) youfill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. youmay refer to your notes.。
2010_TEM8真题(附答案)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racialmakeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to controlinflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimesinaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touc h of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled throug h water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with aquick shake of his head—a gesture I interpr eted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its p lace. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which optio n has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the followingEXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers fromBihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make aliving in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.”(2paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything butumbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passageseems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing inCanada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic ofinstitutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors andCongressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all,climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the caféwas intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraphEXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region,was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?。
2010年英语专业八级真题与参考答案
2010年英语专业八级真题与参考答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.I. First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacyII.Second category: physical paralinguistic featuresA.facial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________B.gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretC.proximity, posture and echoing1.proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________2.posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________ ----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3.echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t needtorrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statementshave been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore notjust civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It toweredabove the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the caféwas intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remoteand sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.。
10年专八答案解析及听力原文
答案解析及听力原文：SECTION A MINI-LECTUREParalinguistic features of languagesGood morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion ondescribing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we'll look atanother important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder whatis this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features ofcommunication that takes place without the use of grammar andvocabulary.They are called ‘paralinguistic features of language'. These features fall into two broad categories:: those that involve voice and those that involve the body.Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features.Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportants. The fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is e xtraextra lip-rounding, which expresses greater intimacy,expecially with babies, for example. So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our tone of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.the second category, physical paralinguistic Now, let's come to t hefeatures,which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentions through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me sight some briefexamples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and evenproximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages. About how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these in moredetail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer ofmeaning. We all know s milingsmiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure orwelcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows- suggest that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, whichuncertain about something;deep in thinking, or are u ncertainindicates that you are d eepcompressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and avisible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of ‘I don't care', or ‘I don't know'.. Crossing your arms may indicate relaxation. Butit can also powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome andfarewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. Inother cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you aretelling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means it's a a secret.proximity,That's why we say that gestures are culture bound. The third isposture and echoing.Proximity refers to the physical distancebetween speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be usedto consciously send messages about intent.Closeness, for example, indicatesformality, or intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may show f ormalitylack of interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter ofpersonal style, and is often culture bound. So, what may seem normal to aspeaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to aspeaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriatein some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place inother situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body, especially the back,shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples.Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication ofhappy or not. A lowered head when speaking to a whether the person is h appysuperior, with or without eye contact can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact,,open or changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as either challenging. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree each other, they would likely, though unconsciously adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manor. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.Ok, in today's lecture,we looked at some paralinguistic features, such astone of voice, gesture and posture. These features, together with linguisticfeatures of language, like grammar, or vocabulary, are all part of the way wecommunicate with each other in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually use paralinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.整理一下，整篇文章的要点非常清晰：I. Vocal Paralinguistic Features1. whispering- the needs for secrecy2. breathiness- deep emotion3. huskiness- unimportants4. nasality- anxiety5. extra lip-rounding- greater intimacyII. physical paralinguistic features1. facial expression- powerful conveyer of meaning.--e.g.1 smiling: pleasure or welcome--e.g.2 raising eye-brows: surprised or interested in something--e.g.3 biting your lip:deep in thinking/ uncertain about something --e.g.4 compressing the lips: making decis ions--e.g.5 clenching of the teeth: angry2. gesture- culture bound--e.g.1 shrugging shoulders: 'I don't care', or 'I don't know'--e.g.2 crossing your arms: relaxation/ bored--e.g.3 waving: welcome and farewell--e.g.4 scratching your head: at a loss--e.g.5 placing your hand upon your heart: telling the truth--e.g.6 pointing your finger at your nose: it's a secret3. proximity, posture and echoing1). proximity: personal style & culture bound--e.g.1 closeness: intimacy, threat--e.g.2 distance: fomality, lack of interest2). posture: the way in which someone holds his or her body--e.g.1 Hunched shoulders and a hanging head: happy or not--e.g.2 A lowered head, eye contact: the appropriate relationship--e.g.3 direct level eye contact: open or challenging3). echoing: to complement the verbal communication运用各种自己熟悉的笔记符号，将上述列表中的内容快速记下来，只可以更少，不能更多。
德语考试考卷练习及参考答案
一、填空题每小题1分,共25分1．Morgen warte ich in meinem Zimmer ______ dich,um halb sieben．2．______zwei Tagen bekommen wir das Buch wieder．3．______A bsicht habe ich dir eine falsche Abfahrtszeit genannt．4．Soll ich die Tüche ______ ______ Küche bringen5．Hans und Monika, ______ laut und deutlichsprechen6．Ich brauche keine warm ______ Handschuhe．7．Die Studenten lesen oft deutsch ______ Zeitungen．8．Sie haben ______ erk ltet．9．Oh,das tut mir sehr leid．Ich hoffe,______ es nichts Ernstes ist．10．Sie müssen ihm sagen,______Sie gern essen．11．4000 ______ 20000 Studenten der Technischen Universitt sind Auslnder．12．Ich munoch arbeiten,______ wir jede Woche ein Referat schreiben müssen．13．______ ich gestern Schwierigkeiten beim Lermen hatte,half mir der Lehrer．14．Das Wetter ist sehr sch n,______ ______ man nicht zu Hause bleiben will．15．In Deutschland ______ 5 Tage pro Woche gearbeitet．16．Ich m chte auch hier bleiben,______ es geht,denn die Montagehalleinteressiert mich sehr．17．Wir wollen ein Haus im Grünen haben,______ die Kinder Platz zum Spielen haben．18．Das Kind,______ du eben gesehen hast,ist der beste Schüler in seiner Klasse．19．Beijing,______ ich geboren bin,ist jetzt noch sch ner geworden．20．Sie müssen doch mit den Augen haben,wie er da ausgestiegen ist 21．______ zu arbeiten,ist er ins Kino gegangen．22．Ob man trotz der überall ______steigen Arbeitslosigkeit diese Automatisierung vorantreiben sollte,ist eine überflüssige Frage．23．______ es stark regnet,ist er doch gekommen．24．Wenn ich dann noch Zeit ______,______ ich gern noch mein Englich aufpolieren．25．Er fragt mich,ob ich aus China ______sein．二、单项选择题在每小题的备选答案中,只有一个是符合题目要求的,将其号码填写在题后的括号内,每小题1分,共15分1．Es gibt keinen ______ Apfelkuchen als den,den meine Mutter backt．A．guten B．besten C．besseren D．besser2．Hast du deiner Mutter schon ______ Geburtstag gratuliert A．für den B．zum C．beim D．auf den3．Nach der Arbeit gingen wir noch ein Bier trinken．Ein ______ Kollege hat uns eingeladen．A．neue B．neuen C．neu D．neuer4．Das Geld ist auf Ihr Konto überwiesen______．A．worden B．werden C．wurden D．geworden 5．Die Autoabgase enthalten Giftstoffe,______ schon lange bekannt ist．A．welche B．das C．was D．die6．Den ganzen Flu______ liegt eine Industrieanlage neben der anderen．A．entgegen B．entlang C．gemD．degenüber7．Er besch ftigt sich mit diesen Dingen ______ Liebe zur sache,nicht um damit Geld zu verdienen．A．vor B．aus C．für D．zur 8．Es galt lange Zeit als eine philosophische Frage,______ der Mensch vom Affen abstammt．A．da B．als ob C．als D．ob9．Was halten Sie von diesem Programm______．A．Gut B．Ziemlich C．Gar nichts D．Am besten10．Willst du dich ______ deinen Freunden verabschiedenA．bei B．von C．mit D．zu11．Ich bin aufgestanden,weil mich das Gewitter geweckt hat．Sonst ______ ich heute am Sonntag sicher l nger geschlafen．A．h tte B．hatte C．w re D．würde12．______ ein Auslnder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland studieren will,mu er eine Sprachprüfung ablegen．A．Als B．Damit C．W hrend D．Wenn13．______ gegen das Verbot handelt,wird bestraft．A．Wer B．Der C．Man D．was14．-Sollen wir Ihnen Prospekte zuschicken-Ja,ich bitte ______．A．Sie das B．Sie dafür C．Sie darum D．Ihnen das 15．______ ich am Institut studiere,wohne ich nicht mehr bei meinen Eltern．A．Seitdem B．Als C．Wenn D．W hrend三、阅读理解按照课文内容做正误选择题,每小题2分,共20分Hassan K,TürkeiIch bin 39 Jahre alt und schon seit 15 Jahren in Deutschland．Verheiratet war ich schon vor meiner Abreise aus der Türker－zwei Jahre．Ich bin in Istanbul geboren und Dreher gelernt．Warum ich nach Deutschland gekommen binJa,sehen Sie:Wenn ich hier 2000 Mark verdiene,dann kann ich etwas davon sparen．Für eine Mark bekomme ich 4 Lira．Wenn ich 300 Mark nach Hause schicke,dann bekommt die Familie 1200 Lira dafür．Au erdem--das ist der eigentliche Grund--kann man in der Türkei immer noch sehr schwer Arbeit bekommen,auch als Dreher．Bevor ich nach Berlin gekommen bin,hatte ich in Frankfurt als Dreher gearbeitet,bei der Firma Konti-Elektro．．．Ja,da war ich 14 Monate．Die ganze Zeit immer nur Akkordarbeit．Ich wei nicht,aber dann haben die wohl keinen guten Absatz mehr gehabt．Da kam die Firma Siemens und auch einige neueChefs．Da wurde alles anders-schlechter．Zum Beispiel haben wirbei der Akkordarbeit vorher fünf Minuten für ein stück geha bt．Als Siemens kam,wurden die Zeiten auf zwei Minuten herabgesetzt．Aber wir haben daher weniger verdient als vorher,muten aber schneller arbeiten und mehr stücke machen．Das waren Teile für Elektrogerte．Dann waren die Kontrolleute nicht mit der Qualitt zufrieden．Wir haben gesagt,da wir in fünf Minuten gute Arbeit machen knnen,aber nicht in zwei Minuten．．．Da sagte der Kontrolleur,da wir dann lnger an einem stück arbeiten müssen,fünf Minuten oder vielleicht zehn Minuten．Wenn wir das machten,hatten wir auch weniger Geld．In zehn Minuten schaffst du natürlich nichts．Darum haben wir gekündigt-vier Kollegen aus der Türkei．Einer sagte,wir gehen jetzt nach Berlin．．．Ich wollte in Berlin auch als Dreher arbeiten,aber die Fabrik suchte nur Leute für Schichtarbeit．．．So habe ich mit Schichtarbeit angefangen．Als meine Frau nach Berlin kam,waren wir gleich auf dem Wohnungsamt．Da haben sie gesagt,für Ausl nder gibt es keine Wohnungen．Natürlich,viele kommen vom Dorf in der Türkei und sind vielleicht zu laut．Aber ich habe schon Deutsche gesehen,die sind genauso laut．．．Jetzt haben wir in der Kantstrae eine Wohnung．Wohnung kann ich nicht sagen,nur zwei Zimmer und eine Küche für meine Tochter,meine Frau und mich．Toilette ist eine Treppe tiefer,aber das ist nicht schlimm．Schlimm ist,da wir nur Zwei Zimmer haben．．．．Jetzt schicke ich jeden Monat 200 bis 300 Mark an meine Eltern in Istanbul．Wie lange wir in Deutschland bleiben,das wei ich noch nicht．Plne haben wir noch nicht gemacht．Wenn ich Geld gespart habe,dann kann ich in Istanbul ein Geschft aufmachen．．．Es ist sehr schlecht,da viele von uns sich nicht richtig verstehen,wissen Sie．In der Fabrik,auf der Strae und im Geschft．Aber es ist so,da viele gar nicht Deutsch lernen wollen．Sie sagen,warumSie bleiben zwei Jahre,drei Ja hre,dann fahren sie wieder zurück．Und dann bleiben sie zehn Jahre．Ich habe viel mit deutschen Kollegen zusammengearbeitet und gut Deutsch gelernt．Aber in den Abteilungen,wo nur Türken arbeiten,da lernen sie nichts．Eine ganze Abteilung nur Türken--die denken nicht daran,wo sie sind．Zuerst waren überall nur Schilder in Deutsch:EinschaltenAuss-chaltenVorsichtNicht rauchenUnd so．Da konnte keiner wissen,was das heit．Dann haben sie die Schilder in Türkisch angemacht--auch die Schilder für Unfallverhütung．Aber viele knnen nicht lesen bei uns．Sie machen etwas falsch,und dann passiren viele Unflle．．．Welche Aussagen sind auf der Grundlage des Textes richtigr,welche sind falsch1．Hassan ist schon seit 17 Jahren mit seiner Frau in der Bundesrepublik．2．Er ist nur aus dem einen Grund nach Deutschland gekommen,um mehr Geld zu verdienen．3．Seine erste Stelle bekam Hassan in Frankfurt bei Telefunken．4．Weil die Firma Konti-Elektro ihre Produkte nicht mehr gut verkaufen konnte,wurde sie von Siemens übernomme n．5．Die Arbeit bei Konti-Elektro gefiel ihm besser,da er dort im Akkord arbeiten konnte．6．Weil die Arbeiter bei Siemens schneller arbeiten mu ten,konnten sie mehr Geld verdienen．7．Viele Deutsche vermieten nicht gern an Auslnder,weil diese nach Meinung der Deutschen fast immer zu viel Lrm machen．8．Mit seiner Wohnung kann Hassan zufrieden sein．9．Er Weinoch nicht,wann er wieder nach Istanbul zurückkehren wird．10．Durch die schlechten Sprachkenntnisse der Gastarbeiter entstehen bei der Arbeit viele Probleme．四、德译中共有3段德文,请翻译成中文,共20分1．Mache Studenten in Deutschland haben wenig Geld．Aber sie knnen,wenn sie Glück haben,eine Arbeit finden．Ein student aus Lateinamerika wunderte sich darüber,da ein Student oft nicht so viel Geld zu be zahlen braucht wie andere Bürger．Z．B． bekam er billigste Fahrkarten auf der Straenbahn．Bei Konzerten,im Theater und in Ausstellungen gibt es Ermigungen für Studenten．2．Die kleine Wohnung,in der das junge Ehepaar lebt,liegt im vierten Stock．Einen Lift gi bt es nicht in dem Münchner Vorstadthaus．Also bin ichetwas auer Atem,als ich auf den Klingelknopf drüche,neben dem ein Schild hngt,auf dem der Name “Lennartz” steht．Gundrun Lennartz ffnet,Freundlich bittet sie mich einzutreten．Herr Lennartz,der auch noch sehr jung ist,ist gerade damit beschftigt,eine Deckenlampe zu reparieren．3．Im April war Ostern．Unsere Eltern haben uns immer erzhlt,da am frühen Ostermorgen der Osterhase kommt und viele bunte Eier für uns im Garten versteckt．Meine kleine Schwester wollte den Osterhasen wirklich einmal beobachtet haben．Ich aber hatte meinen Vater zufllig selbst die Eier verstecken sehen,und so lachte ich meine Schwester aus,deren Dummheit mir kindisch vorkam．Wir haben uns deswegen auch spter noch oft gestritten．Aber die bunten Eier und die Schokoladeneier haben uns trotzdem immer geschmeckt．五、中译德共有3句中文,请翻译成德文,共10分1．我估计你们搞这项工作至多用一个星期;——你对我们的能力估计太高了;2．教授建议,为了学生更好地学习德语,上课时要好好利用录像机、录音机、收音机和幻灯机;3．当前很多电器设备不是金属制的,而是塑料制的;这些设备既轻又便宜;当然它们也有缺点;六、作文根据命题用德语写一篇约100个词的短文,共10分Eine Reise 来源:考试大-一、填空题每小题1分,共25分1．Auf 2．In 3．Mit 4．in die 5．Sprecht 6．-en7．-e 8．Uns 9．Da 10．Was 11．Der 12．Weil13．Als 14．so da 15．werden 16．Solange 17．Damit 18．Das 19．Wo 20．Gesehen 21．Statt 22．Steigenden 23．Obwohl24．h tte,würde25．seiw re二、单项选择题每小题1分,共15分1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B11．A 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．A三、阅读理解每小题2分,共20分1．F 2．R 3．F 4．R 5．F6．F 7．R 8．F 9．R 10．R四、德译中共有3段德文,请翻译成中文,共20分1．在德国,一些大学生只有少量的钱,但是只要他们幸运,还是可以找一份到工作的;一位来自拉丁美洲的大学生对此会觉得惊奇,即大学生不必象其他公民一样支付那么多的钱,比如他可以在有轨电车上买到最便宜的车票;在听音乐会、看戏和参观展览会时,大学生们都有折扣;2．那对年轻夫妇居住的那套小房子位于5楼;在慕尼黑郊区的这幢楼房里没有电梯,所以当我按门铃时,我已经有点喘不过气来,在门铃的旁边挂着一块写着“莱尼阿茨”名字的牌子;古德龙莱尼阿茨打开门,并客气地请我进去;莱尼阿茨先生也很年轻,正忙着修理一盏装在天花板上的电灯;3．4月份时是复活节,我们的父母亲总是向我们讲述,在复活节的早晨,复活节兔子来了,并为我们把许多彩蛋藏在花园里;我的小妹妹自称有一次真的看见了复活节兔子,但是我却偶然地看见了我父亲自己把彩蛋藏起来,因此我讥笑我妹妹,我觉得她的愚笨很幼雅;我们后来因此而经常争吵,但是尽管如此,我们仍然觉得彩蛋和巧克力的味道总是很不错;五、中译德共有3句中文,请翻译成德文,共10分1．Ich schtze,da ihr für diese Arbeit hchstens eine Woche braucht．Du hast unsere Fhigkeit zu hoch eingeschtzt．2．Der Professor schlgt vor,beim Unterricht Videogerte,Kassettenrecorder,Radios und Diaprojektoren gut zu nutzen,damit die Studenten noch besser Deutsch lernen knnen．3．Zur Zeit sind viele elektrische Ger te nicht aus Metall,sondern aus Plastik．Sie sind leicht und billing．Natürlich haben sie auch Nachteile．六、作文根据命题用德语写一篇约100个词的短文,共10分略;。
全国高等学校德语专业八级样题集听力原文
全国高等学校德语专业八级考试样题集上听力原文Texte zum HV 1Teil II: Texte für Nachrichten1.Gedenken an Befreiung der NS-KonzentrationslagerMit einer zentralen Gedenkfeier hat die Bundesrepublik an die Befreiung der Nazi-Konzentrationslager vor 60 Jahren erinnert. Bundeskanzler Schröder warnte im Deutschen Nationaltheater in Weimar davor, die Verbrechen des Nationalsozialismus zu vergessen. Die nachgeborenen Generationen würden nicht zulassen, dass Antisemitismus, Rassismus und Fremdenfeindlichkeit wieder eine Chance bekämen. Der Präsident des Zentralrats der Juden in Deutschland, (Paul) Spiegel, warnte vor einem Wiedererstarken des Rechtsextremismus. Gemeinsam mit ehemaligen KZ-Häftlingen und Vertretern von Opferverbänden und Politik legte Schröder anschließend auf dem nahe gelegenen Gelände der KZ-Gedenkstätte Buchenwald einen Kranz nieder.2.Erinnerung an den Widerstandskämpfer Dietrich BonhoefferAn den Theologen und Widerstandskämpfer Dietrich Bonhoeffer hat die Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Bayern erinnert. Bonhoeffer war am 9. April 1945 von den Nazis im Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg ermordet worden. Bei einem Gottesdienst sagte Landesbischof Friedrich, die Kirche könne Bonhoeffers nicht gedenken, ohne zugleich das eigene Versagen zu bekennen.3.Engere Zusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und RusslandDeutschland und Russland wollen ihre wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit ausbauen. Das kündigten Bundeskanzler Schröder und Präsident Putin bei der Eröffnung der Hannover-Messe an. Russland ist in diesem Jahr Schwerpunkt der weltgrößten Industrieschau, an der mehr als 6.000 Aussteller aus 95 Ländern teilnehmen. Putin versprach weitere Gesetze zur Privatisierung und Liberalisierung seines Landes. Er forderte die deutschen Unternehmen auf, verstärkt in Russland zu investieren. Derzeit liege die Bundesrepublik bei den Investitionen im internationalen Vergleich nur auf Platz vier, so der russische Präsident weiter.4.Britische Regierung gibt MG Rover KreditDie unmittelbare Entlassung von 6.000 Beschäftigten beim insolventen britischen Autobauer MG Rover ist zunächst abgewendet. Die Regierung sagte dem Traditionsunternehmen einen Kredit über umgerechnet 9,5 Millionen Euro zu. Damit sollen die Löhne der Arbeiter und andere Ausgaben für eine Woche gedeckt sein. Der letzte große Fahrzeughersteller in Großbritannien hatte am Freitag mitgeteilt, er stehe kurz vor dem Aus. Neben den 6.000 Jobs im Hauptwerk Longbridge stehen auchTausende von Arbeitsplätzen bei Zulieferbetrieben auf dem Spiel.5.Israelische Polizei verhindert Proteste am TempelbergAus Furcht vor Zusammenstößen zwischen radikalen jüdischen Siedlern und Palästinensern hat die israelische Polizei mit einem Großaufgebot den Jerusalemer Tempelberg abgeriegelt. Tausende Polizisten sicherten den Juden und Moslems heiligen Tempelberg und die Altstadt ab, um eine angekündigte Kundgebung jüdischer Nationalisten gegen den Gaza-Rückzugsplan zu verhindern. Als einige Demonstranten versuchten, die Absperrungen zu durchbrechen, kam es zu Auseinandersetzungen mit der Polizei. Mehrere Personen wurden festgenommen. Die radikal-islamischen Palästinenser-Organisationen Hamas und Islamischer Dschihad drohten mit Gewalt, falls es den jüdischen Siedlern gelingen sollte, in den heiligen Bezirk vorzudringen.6.Tote bei neuen Gefechten in JemenDie jemenitische Armee hat, unterstützt von Anti-Terror-Einheiten, eine Hochburg der schiitischen Rebellen im Norden des Landes gestürmt. Dabei wurden nach Armeeangaben mindestens 27 Menschen getötet. Ärzte berichten, unter den Todesopfern seien 8 Soldaten der Regierungstruppen. Die Kämpfe mit Anhängern des Schiiten-Predigers (Badruddin) al-Huthi waren am 28. März in der Provinz Saada ausgebrochen.7.Talabani will US-Truppen noch zwei Jahre im Irak haltenTrotz der jüngsten Proteste gegen ausländische Soldaten im Irak sollen nach den Worten des neuen irakischen Präsidenten Talabani die US-Truppen noch zwei Jahre im Land bleiben. In dieser Zeit könne es geschafft werden, eine eigene Armee und Sicherheitskräfte aufzubauen, sagte Talabani dem US-Nachrichten-Sender CNN. Bis dahin sei der Irak darauf angewiesen, dass die von den USA geführten ausländischen Truppen sein Land vor Terroristen und Einmischung von außen schützen.8.Wieder Erdbeben vor der Küste SumatrasEin heftiges Erdbeben vor der Küste Sumatras hat Teile Indonesiens erschüttert, aber keine Flutwelle ausgelöst. Über größere Schäden oder Opfer ist nichts bekannt.9.Nürnberg besiegt Rostock 3 : 0In der Bundesliga spielten am Sonntag Nürnberg – Rostock 3:0 und Bielefeld – Kaiserslautern 0:2.10.Das Wetter in Deutschland: Freundlicher und wieder wärmerFast überall bleibt es trocken mit einem Wechsel aus Sonne und Wolken. Höchstens zwischen 11 und 17 Grad.Soweit die Meldungen.Texte zum HV 2Teil I: Eine Radiosendung …Wirtschaft aktuell“ (etwa 730 Wörter)Liebe Hörerinnen und Hörer!Hier ist der Bayerische Rundfunk mit seinem Magazin …Wirtschaft aktuell“. Im ersten Teil unserer heutigen Sendung beschäftigen wir uns mit dem Weihnachtsgeschäft in München. Zum ersten Mal wurden dieses Jahr keine Kaufrekorde mehr verzeichnet. Sparen die Kunden nun wirklich bei den Weihnachtsgeschenken, oder sind dies doch die Auswirkungen der gegenwärtigen Rezession? Wir haben Beschäftigte im Einzelhandel dazu gefragt.Frau Huber, Sie sind Verkäuferin in einem Kaufhaus. Wie war denn der Weihnachtsverkauf bei Ihnen?Schwer zu sagen! Sicher will niemand ganz auf Weihnachtsgeschenke verzichten, aber man kann doch beobachten, dass die Kunden bei der Auswahl der verschiedenen Artikel kritischer geworden sind. Sie achten jetzt mehr darauf, ob das Gekaufte auch nützlich ist. Früher wurde schon eher mal etwas rein Dekoratives gekauft, eine Blumenvase für die Mutter oder ein Kerzenständer für den Bruder. Heute liegen stattdessen eher ein Paar warme Socken oder eine qualitativ hochwertige Ski- unterwäsche unter dem Christbaum. Eigentlich ist das ja gut so, dass der Kunde beim Einkauf mehr überlegt, weil es dann später bei weitem nicht mehr so viele Umtausch-Aktionen gibt wie in den früheren Jahren.Vielen Dank, Frau Huber. Fragen wir doch einmal Ihren Chef, Herrn Ebert, den Filialleiter, wie er das Weihnachtsgeschäft einschätzt!Wissen Sie, eigentlich hatten wir in unserer Branche gehofft, die schlechten Umsätze, die wir im letzten Jahr gemacht haben, durch das Weihnachtsgeschäft wieder gutmachen zu können. Aber die ohnehin schon verminderte Kauflust ließ sich nicht verbessern. Sicher hat dabei die allgemeine wirtschaftliche Lage, vor allem die teilweise Kürzung des Weihnachtsgeldes, eine Rolle gespielt. Wir haben zwar Spielwaren und Sportartikel nach wie vor gut verkaufen können, aber bei den Elektroartikeln, insbesondere bei Fernsehgeräten und Stereoanlagen, gab es Umsatzrückgänge. Auf jeden Fall hat sich das Klima in unserer Branche verschärft. Doch das ist für den Kunden ja ein V orteil, er ist wieder der König! Für uns heißt das allerdings, dass um jeden Kunden wieder gekämpft wird. Wenn jemand unser Kaufhaus verlässt, ohne etwas gekauft zu haben, dann hat das schon negative Konsequenzen für das Personal.Wie steht’s nun mit dem Weihnachtsessen? Herr Ferstel ist Geschäftsführer eines Feinkostgeschäfts und kann uns sicher Auskunft darüber geben.Also, in unserem Delikatessenladen, da war die augenblickliche Rezession ganz schön zu spüren, immerhin hatten wir einen Umsatzrückgang von fast 3 Prozent. V or allem teurere Spirituosen wie Champagner verkaufen sich nicht mehr so gut. Die Leute schenken momentan lieber Wein, weil der eben billiger ist. Die Kunden verzichten zwar nicht ganz auf Luxusartikel, denn es ist halt an Weihnachten Tradition, dass etwas Besonderes auf den Tisch kommt, aber exklusive Artikel wie Kaviar oder Lachspastete wurden mengenmäßig weit weniger gekauft als voriges Jahr.Schmuck war schon immer ein beliebtes Weihnachtsgeschenk. Frau Neumaier, Sie betreiben ein Schmuckgeschäft in der Innenstadt. Wie ist die Marktlage bei Ihnen?Zum Glück hat sich die Rezession auf uns noch nicht ausgewirkt. Ganz im Gegensatz zu den Statistiken des übrigen Einzelhandels, die ja eine weitgehend rückläufige Tendenz aufweisen, ist das Interesse an Uhren und Schmuck als Geschenkartikel größer denn je. Über Umsatzeinbußen wie bei anderen Branchen können wir uns wirklich nicht beklagen, das Gegenteil ist der Fall: es gibt einen ausgesprochenen Trend zu hochwertigen Schmuckstücken. Die Devise lautet …Klein aber fein“. Ein neuer Trend z.B. ist, dass wir immer öfter Anfragen von Männern bekommen, ob wir ihnen nicht die Brillantringe, die sie ihren Damen schenken wollen, in Spezialkugeln verpacken könnten. Die sollen dann für alle sichtbar am Weihnachtsbaum aufgehängt werden.Herr Becker, können Sie uns zum Abschluss aus der Sicht des Deutschen Einzelhandelsverbandes eine Gesamteinschätzung geben?Natürlich sind für uns die Umsatzeinbußen in diesem Jahr keine Überraschung! Wir haben nämlich das Problem kommen sehen und gewusst, dass es heuer nicht mehr so laut in den Kassen klingelt. Während normalerweise das V orweihnachtsgeschäft etwa 5 Prozent des Jahresumsatzes beträgt, kamen wir dieses Jahr nur auf einen Anteil von 3 Prozent. Der Grund ist, dass die Kunden auf das Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis achten. Trotzdem waren die Kaufhäuser an den verkaufsoffenen Samstagen genauso überfüllt wie eh und je, allerdings kommen die meisten Leute nur zum Schauen. Unsere Verkäuferinnen beobachten immer öfter, dass ein Kunde drei- bis viermal kommt, bevor er dann endlich den gewünschten Artikel kauft. Sicher hat das damit zu tun, dass man wieder mehr Wert auf Markenartikel legt, wie ja überhaupt das Qualitätsbewusstsein laufend zu wachsen scheint!Liebe Hörerinnen und Hörer, dies war ein kurzes Schlaglicht auf die Situation im Weihnachtsgeschäft. Kommen wir nun zum nächsten Programmteil...Teil II: Nachrichten der Deutschen Welle1.Annan öffnet Ausweg aus politischer Krise in KeniaIn Kenia haben sich Regierung und Opposition auf einen Plan zur Beendigung der Gewalt geeinigt. Das sagte der frühere UN-Generalsekretär Annan in Nairobi. Der Plan umfasse kurz- und langfristige Maßnahmen. Zunächst gehe es um eine sofortige Beendigung der Gewalt, die Respektierung der Menschenrechte, eine Lösung der humanitären Krise des Landes und die Durchsetzung von Presse- und Meinungsfreiheit. Oppositionsführer Odinga wirft Staatschef Kibaki vor, die Präsidentenwahl Ende Dezember nur durch Betrug gewonnen zu haben.2.Schwere Kämpfe mit Rebellen im TschadIm Tschad ist es nach einer Offensive der Rebellen (auf N'Djamena) zu schwerenKämpfen in der Nähe der Hauptstadt gekommen. Sowohl die Regierungstruppen als auch die Rebellen reklamierten militärische Erfolge für sich. Unabhängige Berichteüber den Verlauf der Gefechte liegen nicht vor. Frankreich verstärkte seine Truppen inN'Djamena um rund 150 Mann auf 1.400 Soldaten. Die EU verschob wegen derKämpfe die Stationierung der ersten Soldaten ihrer Friedentruppe zum Schutz vonFlüchtlingen in der Grenzregion zum Sudan.3.Mindestens zwölf Tote bei Anschlag auf Bus in Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka sind bei einem Bombenanschlag auf einen Bus mindestens 20 Menschen ums Leben gekommen und 50 verletzt worden. Das teilte die Armee mit. Der Sprengkörper detonierte an einem Busbahnhof in Dambulla etwa 150 Kilometernördlich der Hauptstadt Colombo. Die Streitkräfte machten tamilische Rebellen für den Anschlag verantwortlich.A beharren auf geforderter TruppenverstärkungDie USA haben ihre Forderung an Deutschland bekräftigt, Kampftruppen in denSüden Afghanistans zu entsenden. Generalstabschef (Michael) Mullen betonte, die US-Militärs seien auf die Unterstützung der Verbündeten und damit auch der Bundesrepublik angewiesen. Zuvor hatten Kanzlerin Merkel und Verteidigungsminister Jung die in einem Brief formulierte Anforderung von Pentagonchef Gates nach einem Einsatz von Bundeswehrsoldaten im Süden strikt abgelehnt. Jung verwies auf die klare Aufgabenteilung zwischen den Nato-Partnern in Afghanistan. Für die Bundeswehr bleibe der Norden des Landes Einsatzschwerpunkt.Rückendeckung bekam die Bundesregierung von Nato-Generalsekretär (Jaap) de Hoop Scheffer. Er sei sehr zufrieden mit dem deutschen Beitrag in Afghanistan.A und Polen erzielen Annäherung bei Raketenabwehr-PlänenIn der Debatte über ihre Pläne für einen Raketenschild in Osteuropa sind die Vereinigten Staaten polnischen Forderungen entgegengekommen. Die USAunterstützten die von Polen angestrebte Modernisierung der Luftabwehr, sagte Außenministerin Rice nach einem Treffen mit ihrem polnischen Amtskollegen Sikorski in Washington. Die USA wollen zum Schutz vor Angriffen etwa aus dem Iran oder aus Nordkorea ein Raketenabwehrsystem in Polen und Tschechien stationieren. Polen fordert als Gegenleistung die Hilfe bei der Modernisierung der eigenen Luftabwehr.6.WestLB streicht etliche ArbeitsplätzeDie mit Milliarden-Verlusten kämpfende nordrhein-westfälische Landesbank WestLB steht vor einem massiven Arbeitsplatzabbau. Das Nachrichtenmagazin …Focus“ schreibt, 1.700 Mitarbeiter, fast ein Drittel aller Beschäftigten, müssten innerhalb eines Jahres den Düsseldorfer Konzern verlassen. Weiter heißt es, WestLB-Chef Alexander Stuhlmann werde am Donnerstag dem Aufsichtsrat einen entsprechenden Restrukturierungsplan zur Bestätigung vorlegen. Die Bank lehnte eine Stellungnahme zu dem Bericht ab.7.Bundespräsident fliegt nach UgandaBundespräsident (Horst) Köhler hat die Europäer zu einem stärkeren wirtschaftlichen Engagement in Afrika aufgerufen. Er wünsche sich mehr Unternehmen, die in diese Märkte investierten, sagte Köhler. Zugleich fordert er einen besseren Marktzugang für afrikanische Agrarprodukte in den Industrieländern und den Abbau von Zöllen für verarbeitete Produkte. Der Bundespräsident fliegt an diesem Samstag für mehrere Tage nach Uganda und Ruanda.Das waren die Nachrichten.Texte zum HV 3Teil I: Hörtext …Ich war beim Schönheitschirurgen“Fünf Personen berichten von Schönheitsoperationen, die sie haben durchführen lassen. (bearbeitet nach dem Hörtext im Kapitel 3 vom Barthel 1, Fabouda Verlag, 2006. Etwa 790 Wörter)Person 1Also, ich heiße Roswitha Laft und bin 34 Jahre alt: Ich habe (mir) vor einigen Tagen zum zweiten Mal Botox in die Stirn, zwischen die Augenbrauen und um die Augen herum spritzen lassen. Davor hatte ich viele Jahre lang vieles erfolglos gegen meine Falten ausprobiert, Cremes und sogar Akupunktur. Ich habe schon sehr früh Falten bekommen und sah deswegen immer viel älter aus, als ich tatsächlich bin. Außerdem habe ich so eine Grimmfalte zwischen den Augenbrauen. Ganz oft hat man zu mir gesagt: …Du guckst so ernst. Hast du schlechte Laune?“ Nach den Spritzen war das weg. Das hält ungefähr ein halbes Jahr. Schmerzen habe ich keine. Klar, ich kann nicht mehr so wie früher die Stirn bewegen, also die Stirn runzeln, weil die Muskeln nicht mehr funktionieren, aber das stört mich nicht. Mein Mann ist ganz begeistert und fragt mich immer, was für eine tolle Creme ich nehme. Ich verrate ihm nicht, was ich mache. Schließlich müssen die Männer ja nicht alles wissen.Person 2Ich heiße Franzi Dohlmann und bin 20 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir jetzt vor drei Wochen meine Nase operieren lassen, also gerade machen lassen. Ich hatte nämlich vor ein paar Monaten einen Fahrradunfall mit einem Nasenbruch. Das war zwar nicht so schlimm, aber die Nase ist doch ziemlich schief gewesen. Die Leute haben mich so komisch angeguckt, und auch mein Freund hat manchmal so merkwürdig gelächelt, wenn er mich ansah. Er hat das zwar abgestritten ... Na ja, jedenfalls habe ich mich in der Klinik beraten lassen. Die haben mich zu einem Schönheitschirurgen geschickt, der das gleich in seiner Praxis gemacht hat. V on der Operation habe ich nicht viel gemerkt. In den ersten 10, 12 Tagen kam mir mein Gesicht etwas fremd vor, es hat auch ein bisschen wehgetan. Aber jetzt … jetzt ist alles super. Ich bin froh, dass ich es gemacht habe.Person 3Ich heiße Herbert Lohmann und bin 47 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir im letzten Jahr das Gesicht verschönern lassen. Nachdem sich meine Frau von mir getrennt hatte, war mein Selbstwertgefühl weg. Ich konnte nicht mehr in den Spiegel schauen; mein Gesicht sah aus wie ein ungemachtes Bett. Ich bin dann zum Schönheitschirurgen gegangen. Der hat mir dann die Fettpolster unter den Augen weggenommen, das war das Wichtigste. Außerdem haben mich meine Augenlider gestört. Ich fand, ich sah auswie eine Eule. Der Arzt hat einen kleinen Streifen aus den Augenlidern herausoperiert, dadurch wurden sie straffer. Ja und dann habe ich mir durch Spritzen diese tiefen Denkerfalten in der Stirn wegspritzen lassen. Das geht mit, ich glaube, das heißt Botox. Also, ich habe mit diesen tiefen Furchen immer so ausgesehen wie der Joschka Fischer, der ja auch nicht mehr gucken kann, ohne dass sich sämtliche Probleme der Weltpolitik in seine Stirn eingraben. Man hat mir gesagt, das hält 6 Monate, danach brauche ich wieder ein paar Spritzen.Ich muss sagen, am Anfang war das ganz schön hart. Erstens haben meine Augen sehr wehgetan, ich hatte überall kleine blaue Flecke. Außerdem hatte ich wirklich das Gefühl, da starrt mich eine andere Person an, wenn ich in den Spiegel schaue. Und ich hatte auch das Gefühl, dass ich meine Mimik nicht mehr kontrollieren kann. Inzwischen hat sich das alles gelegt. Ich bin sehr zufrieden und froh, dass ich diese Investition von immerhin 5000 Euro gemacht habe. Ich bin auch wieder verheiratet. Person 4Mein Name ist Pamela Nadel, ich bin 18 Jahre alt. Ich habe mir Fettpolster an der Brust, an der Hüfte und an den Oberschenkeln absaugen lassen. Ich will nämlich Model werden. Und wenn du da an bestimmten Stellen auch nur ein paar Gramm zu viel hast, hast du keine Chance. Das muss alles genau passen 90-60-90! Ich habe es mit Diät probiert. Aber da kriegt man es nie so genau hin. Da nimmt man dann an Stellen ab, wo man es gar nicht will. Mit den Operationen klappt das sozusagen punktgenau. Das ist zwar ganz schön teuer, aber für mich ist das eine Investition in die Zukunft, in meinen Beruf.Person 5Ich heiße Christoph Kuminsky und bin 25 Jahre alt. Ich studiere Sport, mache Krafttraining und nehme auch Muskelaufbaupräparate. Pech ist, dass die Steroide enthalten, das sind Verwandte der weiblichen Geschlechtshormone. Die Folge ist, dass nicht nur die Muskeln, sondern auch die Brust wächst, was unmöglich aussieht. V oll unmännlich! Also habe ich mir die Brust absaugen lassen. Das funktioniert so: Zuerst wird in die Brust eine Flüssigkeit gespritzt, die die störenden Fettzellen auflockern. Dann wird mit ganz dünnen Kanülen das Fett abgesaugt, ich glaube, mit einer Vakuumpumpe. Das war’s dann. Man bekommt übrigens eine V ollnarkose. Gemerkt habe ich nichts. Das Ergebnis ist echt krass: Muskeln an den richtigen Stellen und die Brust wieder wie vorher. Wie sie eben sein muss.Teil II: Nachrichten (26.06.2008, 12:00 UTC Nachrichten der Deutschen Welle)mmert lobt Fairplay bei Deutschland-Türkei-EM-SpielBundestagspräsident Lammert hat die Haltung der deutschen und der türkischen Fußballnationalelf sowie der Fans beider Mannschaften bei der Halbfinalbegegnung am Mittwoch gelobt. Zum Auftakt einer Bundestagssitzung sagte er, alle hätten großen Kampfgeist und stetige Fairness bewiesen. Alle diejenigen, dieAusschreitungen befürchtet hätten, seien durch die tatsächlichen Ereignisse widerlegt worden. In deutschen Städten, in denen das Spiel auf Großleinwänden übertragen wurde, war es weitgehend ruhig geblieben. Allein in Berlin feierten mehr als eine halbe Million Menschen den Einzug der deutschen Nationalelf ins Finale. Das Endspiel findet am Sonntag in Wien statt. Der Gegner wird nach dem Spiel zwischen Russland und Spanien an diesem Donnerstag feststehen.2.G8-Außenminister beraten in JapanDie Krisenlage in Afghanistan und in Simbabwe stehen ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung von Beratungen der Außenminister aus den sieben größten westlichen Industriestaaten und Russland. Ihre Zusammenkunft im japanischen Kyoto dient der Vorbereitung des G8-Gipfeltreffens der Staats- und Regierungschefs in der ersten Juli-Woche. Weiteres wichtiges Gesprächsthema sind die international umstrittenen Atomprogramme in Nordkorea und im Iran. Es wird erwartet, dass die Führung in Pjöngjang eine seit langem geforderte Liste mit Einzelheiten zu ihren umstrittenen Atom-Aktivitäten vorlegt. Die USA hatten in Aussicht gestellt, im Gegenzug Schritte einzuleiten, um das kommunistische Nordkorea von einer Liste der Terrorismus-Unterstützer zu streichen.3.Grenze zum Gazastreifen weiter geschlossenIsrael hält den zweiten Tag in Folge alle Grenzübergänge zum Gazastreifen geschlossen. Das Verteidigungsministerium begründete dies mit dem Bruch der jüngst vereinbarten Waffenruhe durch militante Palästinenser. Gleichzeitig wurde eine erneute Öffnung für den morgigen Freitag in Aussicht gestellt. Mitglieder der militanten Palästinenserorganisation …Islamischer Heiliger Krieg“ hatten nach einem israelischen Militäreinsatz im Westjordanland am Dienstag drei Raketen auf die Grenzstadt Sderot abgefeuert. Ein Ende der monatelangen Blockade des Gazastreifens und Warenlieferungen sind Bestandteil der Waffenruhe zwischen Israel und den Palästinensern.4.UN: Afghanistan verdoppelt Opium-AnbauDie weltweite Produktion von Opium hat sich nach Informationen der Vereinten Nationen in letzter Zeit verdoppelt. Allein in Afghanistan sei der Anbau von etwa 4.000 Tonnen vor drei Jahren auf mittlerweile 8.200 gestiegen, heißt es im neuesten Welt-Drogenbericht. Auf das Land am Hindukusch entfielen mehr als 90 Prozent der globalen Produktion des Rauschgiftes, das unter anderem zu Heroin weiterverarbeitet wird. Der Schlafmohn wird nach UN-Erkenntnissen vor allem in den fünf südlichen Provinzen angebaut, den Hochburgen der radikal-islamischen Taliban. Diese erzielten mit einer zehnprozentigen Steuer auf die Erlöse der Bauern geschätzte jährliche Einnahmen von 100 Millionen US-Dollar.5.Feiern zum 60. Jahrestag der Berliner LuftbrückeDeutsche und Amerikaner haben gemeinsam der vor 60 Jahren gestarteten Luftbrücke nach West-Berlin gedacht. Auf dem US-Flughafen in Wiesbaden-Erbenheim und am Luftbrückendenkmal auf dem Frankfurter Rhein-Main-Flughafen erinnerten Redner an die …logistische Meisterleistung“ der West-Alliierten, mehr als zwei Millionen eingeschlossene Menschen über elf Monate nur aus der Luft zu versorgen. Nach dem Festakt wollen sieben ehemalige Piloten mit einer alten DC3, die umgangssprachlich Rosinenbomber genannt wurde, nach Berlin fliegen, wo weiter gefeiert wird. Die Sowjets hatten die von den Alliierten kontrollierten West-Sektoren Berlins im Juni 1948 blockiert. Bis August 1949 wurden über die Luftbrücke lebensnotwendige Güter in die Stadt gebracht.6.Rotes Kreuz sieht immer mehr KatastrophenschädenNaturkatastrophen bedrohen weltweit immer mehr Menschen. Allein im vergangenen Jahr seien rund 200 Millionen Personen beispielsweise von Stürmen, Überschwemmungen oder Erdbeben direkt betroffen gewesen, berichtet das Internationale Rote Kreuz in seiner jüngsten Bilanz. Die Zahl der Todesopfer ging danach zwar von rund 33.000 auf etwa 23.000 zurück, das Ausmaß der Sachschäden habe sich gegenüber dem Vorjahr allerdings auf umgerechnet mehr als 40 Milliarden Euro nahezu verdoppelt, heißt es.Das waren die Nachrichten.Texte zum HV 4Teil I: Hörtext "Intelligenzforschung"Länge: 5 Minuten (574 Wörter)Quelle: Nach BR2. Schulfunk vom 21.7.1999. "Wer ist gescheit?"Interviewer: Wer sich um einen Arbeitsplatz bewirbt nach der Schule oder dem Studium, der muss immer häufiger eine Prüfung bestehen, einen sogenannten Intelligenztest, mit dessen Hilfe der sogenannte Intelligenzquotient, der IQ des Bewerbers festgestellt wird. Professor Kurt Heller vom Lehrstuhl für Pädagogische Psychologie an der Universität München ist Spezialist für Intelligenztests und sagt uns zunächst, was ein Intelligenztest ist.Prof. Heller: Ein Intelligenztest besteht aus verschiedenen Aufgaben und Problemstellungen. Das können zum Beispiel sprachliche Aufgaben sein oder Aufgaben aus dem Bereich der Mathematik. Die Aufgaben sollen die Denkfähigkeit prüfen, sprachliche Denkfähigkeit zum Beispiel bei Satzergänzungen oder Analogiebildungen. Etwa so: Heiß verhält sich zu kalt wie nass zu ... und jetzt muss man ergänzen. Das Ergebnis einer solchen Leistungsprüfung besteht meist in mehreren Kennwerten, die Auskunft über die Denkfähigkeiten in unterschiedlichen Bereichen geben sollen. Im Grunde sind die IQ-Tests aber seit einigen Jahrzehnten veraltet, das heißt, die moderne Test-Psychologie verwendet überwiegend spezielle Intelligenz-Messungen, sogenannte Profilverfahren, und eben nicht nur einen Kennwert wie den Intelligenzquotienten. In den neueren Tests, Tests, die in den letzten zwei, drei Jahrzehnten entwickelt worden sind, erfasst man individuelle Profile mit Schwerpunkten und Schwächen, so dass man auch gezielter in der Berufsberatung oder in der Studienberatung sagen kann: Für dich eignen sich mehr diese Studienfächer oder diese Laufbahn.Interviewer: Individuelle Intelligenz, woher kommt sie? Spielt die Umgebung, das Milieu eine Rolle? Oder hat man das alles von den Eltern geerbt?Prof. Heller: Also man kann diese Frage nur sehr allgemein beantworten. Und zwar auf der Grundlage der Erkenntnisse, die wir aus Zwillingsstudien gewonnen haben. Generell muss man sich immer klar machen: Jede Intelligenzentwicklung ist eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den Fähigkeiten, also der Anlage, und der Förderung durch die Umwelt! Das heißt, das, was ich zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt mit Intelligenztests messe, ist nicht die reine Anlage, das reine Fähigkeitspotenzial, sondern immer auch ein Ergebnis dessen, was ich und was möglicherweise auch die Eltern und andere, die für meine Erziehung und Sozialisation verantwortlich sind, gemacht haben, was unterstützt worden ist.Interviewer: Nun hat man ja den Eindruck, dass die Gesellschaft sehr weitgehend。
德语专八历史类真题汇总
0.Am 31. Oktober 1517 veröffentliche Martin Luther die 95 Thesen in Wittenberg in der kathdischen Kirche..1.Der Bauernaufstand von 1524-1525 war die erste große Massenerheburg in der deutschen Geschichte.该农民起义是德意志史上第一次大规模的群众起义。
2.Unter dem Einfluss der lutherischen Lehre erhoben sich 1524-1525 die Bauern.1524年到1525年，在路德教义的影响下，农民发动了起义。
3.Zu Martin Luthers Zeit verkündete der Papst:“Wer seine Verstöße gegen die kirchlichen Gesetze bereut und eine bestimmte Summe Geld dafür zahlt,dem werden die Qualen im Fegefeuer der Hölle verkürzt und verringert”.Deshalb reisten viele Geistliche durch Land und verkaufen Ablasszettel.在马丁.路德时代，教皇宣称：“后悔自己违反了教会法规的人，可以通过支付一定数额的钱财来减少炼狱中的痛苦。
”因此许多神职人员四处兜售赎罪券。
4.Martin Luther hat in Thüringen auf der Wartburg die Bibel übersetzt.Die Bratwürste hier sind auch weltbekannt.马丁.路德在图林森州的瓦尔特堡将《圣经》从拉丁文译成德语。
2012-2014年德语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年德语专业八级真题及详解Teil ⅠⅠ. Hörverstehen (40 Punkte)Hörtext 1:Sie hören ein Interview mit der Bundesbildungsministerin Annette Schavan über das Bunde sausbildungsförderungsgesetz (BAföG). Sie hören dieses Interview insgesamt zweimal. Entscheiden Sie, welche Aussagen richtig oder falsch sind. (R=Richtig, F=Falsch) (2P×10=20P)【答案与解析】1.F 录音中提到“Sie bekommen noch immer nicht das Geld, um ihreLebenshaltungskosten abzudecken”意为：他们仍然没有钱支付生活费，BAföG 的作用是助学金，但并非是为了满足学生的一切需求，故本题错误。
2.R 录音中提到“BAföG ist gerade im Laufe der letzten Jahre mehrfach erhöhtworden”意为：BAföG在过去几年提高了很多”，故本题正确。
3.F 录音中提到“Die Ausgaben sind allein in den letzten sechs Jahren um 26Prozent gestiegen.”即是6年，不是16年，故本题错误。
4.R 录音中提到“Jeder zahlt auch selbst zu seinem Studium. Bildung ist etwaswert...”意为：每个人都要为教育付费，教育是有价值的，故本题“Schavan女士认为BAföG不必足够用于支付学生的所有生活费用”正确。
2009-2010年专八(TEM8)真题、答案及听力原文(整理打印版)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face to face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physical posture in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)_____: to express attitude or intention examples (1)_______1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_______: unimportance (2)_______4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA. facial expressions(3)____________ (3)_______— smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions— eyebrow raising: surprise or interest— lip biting: (4)_________________ (4)_______ B. gestureGestures are related to culture.British culture— shrugging shoulders: (5)_______ (5)_______ — scratching head: puzzlement other cultures— placing hand upon heart: (6)_______ (6)_______ — pointing at nose: secretC. proximity, posture and echoing1. proximity: physical distance between speakers— closeness: intimacy or threat—(7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_______ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_______ -specific. (8)_______2. posture— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)_______ (9)_______ — direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3. echoing— definition: imitation of similar posture—(1)_______: aid in communication (10)_______ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means _______.A. merging of different cultural identitiesB. more emphasis on homogeneityC. embracing of more ethnic differencesD. acceptance of more branches of Christianity2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. America is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. Maine.B. Selinsgrove.C. Philadelphia.D. California.4. During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that _______.A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populationsB. both older and younger populations are racially diverseC. age diversity could lead to pension problemsD. older populations are more racially diverse5. According to the interview, religious diversity _______.A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000B. exists among Muslim immigrantsC. is restricted to certain places in the USD. is spreading to more parts of the countrySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire is _______ .A. electrical short-circuitB. lack of fire-safety measuresC. terrorismD. not knownPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWe had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws — not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, "When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws."While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera — a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata's Telegraph —Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books — told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. "I refuse to be carried by another human being myself," he said, "but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood." Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuineinterest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head — a gesture I interpreted to mean, "If you are so na?ve as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on." Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pinned their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything —or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. "The government was the government of the poor people," one sardar told me. "Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people."But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations —or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated."Which option has been chosen?" I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit."That hasn't been decided," he said."When will it be decided?""That hasn't been decided," he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT _______.A. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchases.D. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That "For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar" (4th paragraph) means that even so, _______.A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people _______.A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?A. "...— not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor." (2nd paragraph)B. "..., whic h sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera." (4th paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." (7th paragraph)D. "...or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas." (6th paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest _______.A. the uncertainty of the court's decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada —get this — "We have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to astation 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do — unhappily.For those of us in the latter group — consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder — what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? "Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers ... Poor suckers, mostly." (2nd paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _______.A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the older buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page; there burst, like a sugary bomb, the clatter of cups, the shrill chatter of white-and-vermilion girls, and, cleaving the golden, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: "For one, sir? This way, please." Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That "behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel" suggests that _______.A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café.C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the cafe was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT _______.A. "... turned Babylonian".B. "perhaps a new barbarism".C. "acres of white napery".D. "balanced to the last halfpenny".23. In its context the statement that "the place was built for him" means that the café was intended to _______.A. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author's attitude to the café is _______.A. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DNow elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited — the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the "Mona Lisa."When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (冶炼厂), those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit — a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions — the remote and sparsely populated east —where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself."We have to live," Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. "We have a right to live."27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of _______.A. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT _______.A. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. imposition of fishing quotas.30. The 4th paragraph in the passage ________.A. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.31. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is _______.。
2010年专八翻译
答案转自网络，仅供参考。
1 tones of voice2 huskiness3 universal signal;4 thought or uncertainty5 indifference6 honesty7 distance;8 situation;9 mood; 10 unconsciously same posture2010年专八真题改错原文So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?2010 年专八真题改错参考答案1 be后插入as;2 their改为its;3 There改为It;4 Whereas改为But5 further 改为much6 come改为bring;7 similar改为different;8 will改为would;9 as important去掉as; 10 the part 去掉the2010年专八真题汉译英参考答案Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and temper, they can get along well and keep contacting; otherwise they will separate and end the relationship. Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect. Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken, and the friendship will also be nonexistent any more. Everyone hopes to have his own private space, and if too casual among friends, it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas, which will lead to the conflict, resulting in alienation. It may be a small matter to be rude to friends; however, it is likely to plant the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts with restraint, and do not bother each other.2010年专八真题英译汉参考答案我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。
德语专八真题答案
德语专八真题答案【篇一：2009年德语专八答案】il ii (die angaben in der klammer sind nicht obligatorisch zu nennen; angaben hinter dem schr?gstrich ? / “ sind alternativ.)11. (um ) 0,5 (prozentpunkte)13. aig / (dem einst weltgr??ten versicherungsriesen) / (american internationalgroup)14. 85 milliarden (dollar)15. (die schwere) finanzkrise16. kein wirtschaftswachstum / null-wachstumzusammenarbeit18. lieferung von nuklearem brennstoff, reaktoren und atomtechnik nach indien19. zu internationalen inspektionen seiner zivilen atomreaktoren20. wegen einer neuen strategischen lage21. 86.00022. 201324. serbien25. 7427. waffenstillstandsvereinbarung28. (bis) freitaggrammatik (15 punkte)34. als der dieb in die wohnung einbrach, verlor er sein handy. oder: w?hrend der dieb in die wohnung einbrach, verlor er sein handy.35. der apfel war zu sch?n, als dass schneewittchen h?tte widerstehen k?nnen.37. jedes jahr steht ein bestimmtes land, auf dessen buchproduktion aufmerksam gemacht werden soll, im mittelpunkt der frankfurter buchmesse.38. in den gro?st?dten, wohin immer mehr menschen ziehen, werden dielebensbedingungen immer schlechter.40. die regimegegner wurden unter anwendung von gewalt abtransportiert.41-45wortschatz (25 punkte)47. die kohle verbrennt.48. das wasser verdampft.49. das obst verdirbt50. das alte haus verf?llt.51. die schmerzen vergehen.52. das lebewesen verhungert.53. die musik verklingt.54. die ger?te aus eisen verrosten.55. das brot verschimmelt56. verschrieb57. erstattet58. verliehen / ausgeh?ndigt59. gegangen60. verurteilt61. indirekt62. unkontrollierte / befreite / ausgel?ste64. schaffte / gelang / vollbrachte65. finden / feststellen67. reibt sie sich die augen68. bei?t sie sich auf die lippen69. kratzt er sich am kopf70. verschr?nkt sie die armeleseverst?ndnis71 c72 b73 c74 b75 b76 b77 c78 c79 b80 clandeskunde (10 punkte)81. r82. r 83. r84. f 85. f87. b 88. d 89. d 90. a 91. c97. b 98. a86. r 92. a 93. b 99. a 100. d答案德译中第三次工业革命的技术革新所发生的时代是第二次工业革命还没有完全实现突破之时。
德语八级
2、《时事德语通》外研社，北京外国语大学姚晓舟老师编写，第二版已经出版。
3、德国之声电台在线听：/media/2、语法词汇部分（30分钟）【专项考试时间及分值分布】该部分考试时间为30分钟，语法部分15题，共15分，词汇部分30题，共25分。
总计45题，40分。
【测试内容及试题形式】该部分考察考生对德语语法与词汇的熟练掌握。
主要考察点：情态动词（注意完成时用法、表推测的用法、在被动态中的用法等），第一、第二虚拟式（特别是第二虚拟式的各种句式，如非现实愿望句、条件句, so…dass句式，zu…als dass 句式，ohne dass 句式等），介词用法（动词与介词、名词与介词，形容词与介词的搭配是重点），同义、近义词辨析，常见反义词、固定搭配（包括固定词组或谚语俗语），常考的内容还有例如：谚语、俗语中表示人体器官的词用法，表示颜色的词的特殊用法，同根词的辨析等。
题型主要有：词汇填空（选择填空或直接填空），选择，改错，句型转换等。
该部分共40题，其中语法15题，词汇256题。
难度级别：高。
因为涉及到谚语俗语，固定搭配，一般词的特殊用法等，所以难度较大。
【应试准备与技巧】考生应在学习过程中注意总结和思考，弄清同义近义词的用法区别，搞清楚基本词的用法，另外应熟读以下几本书：1、《德语语法大全》下2、《德语语法解析与练习》3、《德语中级测试》4、《德语学习》杂志3、阅读理解部分【专项考试时间及分值分布】该部分考试时间为25分钟，共10题，共20分。
【测试内容及试题形式】该部分要求考生能够以100词/分的速度阅读相关文章，掌握一定的阅读技巧和策略。
该部分试题由3篇阅读材料组成，共1000词左右，每篇文章后有3-4个选择题。
文章类型有：涉及政治、经济、文化、文学、历史、科技、常识、人物等方面的记叙文、说明文、描写文、议论文、应用文（广告、说明书、指南等），图标等。
【应试准备与技巧】在考试大纲提供的样题中，3篇阅读文章2篇出自网络。
英语专业四级六级复习-2010年英语专八真题及答案
英语专业 四级/六级真题解析2010年英语专八真题及答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after themini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________ posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____(9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but thehand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a stategovernor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren.Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and thebeggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line isan unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come,first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. Thegloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of thelow-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of thesedying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way oflife had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.“We have to live,” Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards theAlcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.。
德语专业八级考试--国情知识汇总
1.荃本睹况国歌(Xymnek Dritte Stfophc ven August Heinrich Hof&narui von FaDcrslcbciis “Das Lied dcr Dcutsclien " zur Nfe^odie ven Joseph Haydns P Kai£erhyiTLn?，Jfen) seb.w <1 )7 er Adi e i; rotbeivehi^t auf goldgelbem Gru nd〔金鶯辰亘上£色邕厂匸］里翌］Sjfe［Hagse)：ctrei horizcnzaie Stneifen in Schwarz, Rotund Gold 国会呼irlameuL)：Dentiicher Bun des tag (16. Leg k h tu rper lode: 613 /ibgeordne te) 最大城市｛Grdfibe S&dte): B 亡讨in 3*4 Mitlionen Ein^vohner, Hamburg ［18 Mio, 市* 外贺圾厅］Muinchen (tSMlo.),Koln (1』Mio J”Frankfurt an Main (.662000)有陵个城巾人nisiiio万&△ E 最稠審城书(Diditestbesiudllr Stadt)：Munchcn人口昼與密州［Diditcstbcsieclltes BiBicicslajidh E c rlin人n最稀少州(Dunnstbesiedel tes Bundesl^nd)：Meckl?nb;i)*g-Voipcmmern 前东律人口却精霜以授昜爭州；S釀h胆n 谨大州(na«liennia£lg Gri files Bundesland): E 斗 e rn(Fladienwafilg Kleinesces mrndesland): Bremenn/H (ifevoLkerun^ireiciisles BuiMlesiLiucl］: No i dilie in -VV-5tfale n 人口州(Itevdikcningsarmstcs Bundcalaiid): B remenjG 国"h 曰lharsgitPTi)： 9个,FrankrPiH-, Osterreicli Tschedii&n, Polen, Dane mark Nlederlande, BdgiertL^embiii-g东第波兰、捷克，南接曲和、匿士.西界葡兰、比利时\卢烝逶、法国.北淳丹麦’东北嘯贬的躺因北额北海。
2010年专八真题翻译答卷分析解析
朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密, 也不能随便过头、不恭不 敬。不然默契和平衡将被打破, 友好关系将不复存在。 学生版本一：No matter how familiar or how close between the friends are, we can’t be too causal, namely, we shouldn’t disrespect with each other. Otherwise the balance between friends will be broken and the good friendship will go forever. 学生版本二：No matter how familiar and intimate between friends, it is better not to be too casual or disrespect. Otherwise, it will damage to the feeling of understanding each other without words and a kind of balance and then the friendship goes away.
10. 最后一句，用therefore来加强连贯；“往 来有节”指“注意分寸”。
参考译文版本一： Friends tend to become more intimate and get along well if they have the same interests and temperament or they will cease to be friends and to separate ways. No matter how close they are, friends cannot stay together without courtesy and mutual respect, or the harmony and balance will be disrupted, and the friendship will no longer exist. Generally, everyone, when in such friendship, still respects a private space of his own. But by frequently doing as he pleases in interacting with friends, one may risk intruding into that forbidden zone, thus causing discord or estrangement. Though failing to show respect for friends only seems to be a trifle, it may turn out to be a seed sown only to lead to the destruction of the relationship over time. Therefore, the best way to keep good friendship is never to go beyond a certain limit in dealing with friends or meddle in friends’ affairs.
德语专八真题答案与解析
德语专八真题答案与解析在备考德语专八考试的过程中，掌握往年真题的答案和解析是非常重要的。
这不仅可以帮助我们了解考试的命题思路和题型分布，还能帮助我们找出自己的薄弱点，有针对性地进行复习和提高。
本文将总结几道德语专八真题，并给出解析，希望能对正在备考的同学有所帮助。
题目1：阅读理解Passage 1:Könnten wir im Alltag auf Plastik verzichten? DieRealität sieht anders aus. Plastik ist mittlerweile überall: in Kleidung, Verpackungen und technischen Geräten. Es ist billig, leicht und vielseitig einsetzbar. Auch der Konsum von Einwegplastiktüten ist hoch. Allein in Deutschland werdenjährlich über 6 Mrd. Plastiktüten verbraucht. Viele davo n landen in den Weltmeeren und sind eine Gefahr für die Umwelt.Fragen:1. Was sind die Gründe dafür, dass Plastik so weit verbreitet ist?2. Wie viele Plastiktüten werden in Deutschlandjährlich verbraucht?3. Warum sind Plastiktüten eine Gefahr für die Umwelt?解析：1. Plastik ist billig, leicht und vielseitig einsetzbar.2. In Deutschland werden jährlich über 6 Mrd.Plastiktüten verbraucht.3. Plastiktüten landen oft in den Weltmeeren undgefährden die Umwelt.此题主要考察对文章内容的理解和概括能力。
专业八级2010真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010) -GRADE EIGHTPART. PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN) In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. TEXT A Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. ―Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata. Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providi ng female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.‖ During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled th rough water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, ―When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.‖ While I was i n Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata,is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar. There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said, ―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata. When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I int erpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.‖ Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖ But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more mod ern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, ―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated. ―Which o ption has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit. ―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said. ―When will it be decided?‖ ―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said. 11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT A. taking foreign tourists around the city. B. providing transport to school children. C. carrying storesupplies and purchases D. carrying people over short distances. 12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar? A. They come from a relatively poor area. B. They are provided with decent accommodation. C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata. D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets. 13. That ―For someon e without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar‖ (4 paragraph) means that even so, A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar. B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata. 14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws. B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws. C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers. D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws. 15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor? A. ―…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.‖ (2 paragraph) B. ―…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.‖ (4 paragraph) C. Kolkata, a resident told me, ― has difficulty letting go.‖ (7 paragraph). D.―…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.‖ (6 paragraph) 16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest A. the uncertainty of the court’s decision. B. the inefficiency of the municipal government. C. the difficulty of finding a good solution. D. the slowness in processing options. TEXT B Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts). The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly. Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway. At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats. Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else." Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores. Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an A T&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billiona ire New Y ork mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter. As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just onelegislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people." Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents. But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood. How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online. Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for. And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: V ery Important Persons, who don't wait, and V ery Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily. For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored." 17. What does the following sentence mean? ―Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.‖ (2 paragraph) A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy. B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities. C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only. D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only. 18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line? A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport. B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks. C. First-class passenger status at airports. D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder. 19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people. B. advocate the value of waiting in lines. C. believe in and practice waiting in lines. D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good. 20. What is the tone of the passage? A. Instructive. B. Humorous. C. Serious. D. Teasing. TEXT C A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted wholekingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him. It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: ― For one, sir? This way, please,‖ Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him. 21. That ―behind the thin marble fron t were concrete and steel‖ suggests that A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance. B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength. 22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT A. ―…turned Babylonian‖. B. ―perhaps a new barbarism’. C. ―acres of white napery‖. D.―balanced to the last halfpenny‖. 23. In its context the statement that ― the place was built for him‖ means that the café was intended to A. please simple people in a simple way. B. exploit gullible people like him. C. satisfy a demand that already existed. D. provide relaxation for tired young men. 24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true? A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously. B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth. C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside. D. It stressed the commercial determination of the caféowners. 25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station. B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet. C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier. D. the interior of the caféis compared to warm countries. 26. The author’s attitude to the café is A. fundamentally critical. B. slightly admiring. C. quite undecided. D. completely neutral. TEXT D I Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖ When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially hadended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does. Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. ―Smelter or death.‖ The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself. ―We have to live,‖ Halldór Ásgrímsson said in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and lon gtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖ 27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of A. environmental value. B. commercial value. C. potential value for tourism. D. great value for livelihood. 28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project? A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project. B. The project would lower life expectancy. C. The project would cause environmental problems. D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT A. fewer fishing companies. B. fewer jobs available. C. migration of young people. D. impostion of fishing quotas. 30. The 4 paragraph in the passage A. sums up the main points of the passage. B. starts to discuss an entirely new point. C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph. D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation. PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. 31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215. B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts. C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law. D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution. 32. The first city ever founded in Canada is A. Quebec. B. V ancouver. C. Toronto. D. Montreal. 33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A. 1770. B. 1788. C. 1900. D. 1901. 34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by A. Abraham Lincoln. B. Thomas Paine. C. George Washington. D. Thomas Jefferson. 35. ________ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.. A. Will Blake B. W.B. Y eats C. Robert Browning D. William Wordsworth 36. The Financier is written by A. Mark Twain. B. Henry James. C. William Faulkner. D. Theodore Dreiser. 37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as A. allegory. B. sonnet. C. blank verse. D. rhyme. 38. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language. A. Language acquisition B.Language comprehension C. Language production D. Language instruction 39. The word ― Motel‖ comes from ―motor + hotel‖. This is an example of morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym 40. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol ― Highway Closed‖ on a highway serves A. an expressive function. B. an informative function. C.a performative function. D. a persuasive function. Part IV Proofreading & Error Correction (15 min) ________ in The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Y ou should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at For a unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs ╱them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. 大1家________ an 大2家________ never 大3家________ exhibit So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say. 大1家大2家大3家There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms for similar kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important. Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ? 大4家大5家大6家大7家大8家大9家大10家PART V TRANSLA TION (60 MIN) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的, 容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。