高中语文课后必读之经典小小说 告密的心〔美国〕爱伦坡素材
爱伦坡《泄密的心》分析
The narrator in “The Tell-Tale Heart”This short fiction uses the first-person narration to tell us a horrible murder story. The narrator in the fiction is an unnamed killer who murdered the old man. While reading this fiction, I considered that this narrator is a good storyteller.But in my opinion, he is an unreliable narrator and his not persuasive. “Here, here! --It is the beating of his hideous heart! ()" The narrator yelled in the end. How can a dead person have such a loud sound of heart beat? Obviously he is totally mad and only controlled by his fantasy. There are many descriptions out of reality except this one, so I think he is not a reliable narrator and his language is attractive but not persuasive.I think the narrator has a neurotic personality, and he is a cruel psychopath. At the very beginning of the story, he said, “True! —nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?”(). This sentence makes me uncomfortable, because such a weird atmosphere surrounds me and I don’t know what the mad narrator is going to do. I judge him as a person who has the neurotic personality, because he said he desired his eyes and didn’t care about his treasures (). He killed an old man just because the old man’s vulture eyes. The poor old man didn’t have some annoying behavior or some words can make the narrator really mad. This motive for murder is very ridiculous and seems unreasonable, and this makes contribution to let me verify that the narrator is a psychopath. It can’t be denied that he is a very careful killer. While walking into the old man’s room at the eighth night, he opened the lantern extremely careful and said “you cannot imagine how stealthily,stealthily -- until at length a single dim ray like the thread of the spider shot out from the crevice and fell upon the vulture eye.”(). Exaggeration this description is, but it makes me notice the madman’s carefulness and cautiousness.The narrator brought me into the scene and makes the story effective for me by his attractive and extraordinary language. In addition, his description is full of the details of the crime and filled with his own feelings and these made me felt very nervous while reading this novel. The narrator killed the old man with a strange motive, so I am wondering how his eyes made the narrator mad. Another question is, the narrator didn’t felt a little guilty and even have a pleasure after the murder, why his sense of guilt became so strong in the end? I think this can help me know more about the narrator.。
爱伦·坡恐怖小说中的听觉叙事——以《厄舍屋的倒塌》和《泄密的心》为例
一听觉叙事爱伦·坡是十九世纪美国重要的短篇小说家、诗人和批评家。
他的短篇小说故事情节离奇,恐怖气氛浓厚。
以前的学者大都从心理分析的角度、死亡主题、女性主义、哥特式小说特点等方面来分析坡的小说的恐怖性。
也有从象征手法、叙事学来分析其中的恐怖效果。
在叙事学方面,主要从叙事角度、以及不可靠叙事和叙事结构等来进行分析。
笔者注意到鲜有学者专门从听觉叙事角度来分析坡的作品。
仅有的只是在评说对恐怖效果的营造时,顺便提及其中声音的作用,但并没有专门从听觉叙事角度来评论。
图片失去声音,将会丧失很多应有效果,更何况是在声音本就起着极其重要作用的恐怖小说中。
所以本文就将以《厄舍屋的倒塌》和《泄密的心》为例,从听觉叙事角度来分析坡短片小说的恐怖效果。
听觉叙事这一概念进入叙事学领域,与现代生活中感官文化的冲突密切相关。
[1]过于膨胀的视觉文化对其他感觉方式构成严重挤压。
自上世纪50年代开始,就有学者察觉到这种碾压的不平衡现象,并提出“听觉空间”[2](acoustic space)这个概念。
随后,加拿大学者R.M.沙弗尔(Schafer)为研究听觉文化奠定基本学术规范和坚实理论基础。
他提出的“音景”[3](sound⁃scape)这一概念为学者研究听觉文化开启新的大门。
进入21世纪以来,人们要求恢复视听平衡的呼声更加响亮。
文学研究领域亦有向“听觉转向”这一趋势。
加拿大学者梅尔巴·卡迪基恩的《现代主义音景与智性的聆听:听觉感知的叙事研究》当属在这方面的开拓之作。
他将声学概念与叙事理论相结合,从听觉叙事角度分析伍尔夫小说。
杂志《A Journal of Modern Critical Theory》于2018年3月,出版一期期刊专门收录了与soundscape和sound study文学研究相关的文章。
可见文学领域的听觉维度研究在国外正呈现上升之势。
国内对听觉与叙事研究的领军人物要数傅修延教授,其《论叙述声音》《听觉叙事初探》以及《论音景》等都为国内听觉叙事发展做出重要贡献。
thetell-taleheart译文
《泄密的心》埃德加·爱伦·坡真的——紧张——非常紧张,极度紧张,以前,现在,都是这样。
可你为什么硬说我疯了呢这毛病反倒把我的感觉弄得更灵敏了——没失灵——也没麻木。
特别是听觉,最好不过了。
天上人间的一切声息尽在我的耳鼓里,我还听见地狱中的许多事物。
那么,我疯了吗听着!你看我气色多好——多么镇定自若地把这一切给你和盘托出。
这点子最初怎么进入我的脑海的,是说不上来了,但这点子一出现,就日夜萦绕着我,没啥目的,没啥觊觎。
我喜欢那个老头,他从没伤害过我,从没侮辱过我。
对他的金子,我更无非分之想。
我想是由于他的那只眼睛吧!眼睛,就是这东西!他的一只眼睛酷似鹰眼——一只淡蓝色的眼睛,覆以一层薄翳。
只要这只眼睛看到我,我就不寒而栗。
于是,渐渐地——一来二去——我便拿定主意要他的命,这样就可以使自己永远摆脱那只眼睛。
你看,这就是问题的关键。
你以为我疯了,可疯子是啥都不懂的。
可惜你没看见我,可惜你没看到我干得多漂亮——那么审慎,那么周详,伪装得多么巧妙。
杀死老头之前的那一周里,我对他是体贴备至。
每天夜里,大约午夜时分,我转动门闩,把门拨开——噢,极轻微地!然后,我把门推开,推到我的头那么宽,再放进去一盏黑乎乎的提灯,灯遮的严实合缝,光一点都透不出来——然后我再探进头去。
噢,要是看到我有多么巧妙地探进头去,你定会发笑的!我慢慢地探进头去,慢慢地,非常慢地,唯恐搅了老头的美梦。
用了一个钟头的时间,我才把头探进门缝,刚好能看见他平躺在床上。
哈!——疯子有这脑瓜吗接着,等我的头全进了门,我就小心翼翼地打开提灯,——哦,十分地小心翼翼——小心翼翼(因为折合之处会发出声响)——我把提灯掀开一条缝隙,一道细细的灯光落在了那只鹰眼上。
我就这样一连搞了七个长夜——每天夜里,就在午夜时分——但我发现那只眼睛总是闭着,因此也就没法做那活儿,因为这样他就不是折磨我的那个老头了,折磨我的是那只可恶的眼睛。
每天清晨,天刚破晓,我就大摇大摆地走进他的房间,仗着胆跟他说话,亲热地叫他的名字,问他这一宿是怎么过的。
《泄密的心》所泄之密
妙 。不同之 处就 在于 ,黑猫 》 《 中杀 人犯 罪 行的揭 发 是被动 的 , 泄 而《 密 的 心》 我是 在承 受 不 住杀 人 后 的 压力 , 良心 上 的 谴责 , 中 与 精神
外 国文 学
《 泄密的心》 所泄之密
明薛
( 城 大 学 外 国语 学 院 , 东 聊 城 2 2 5 ) 聊 山 5 0 9
摘要 : 埃德 加 ・ 爱伦 ・ 坡是 1 纪著 名 的 小说 家、 人 、 艺评 9世 诗 文
黑 夜 里 倾听 墙 里报 死 虫 的叫 声 ; 半 时 分 , 下 万籁 俱 寂 ,我 ” 夜 四 “ 毛
魂 . 示 小说的 神秘 之处 。 揭
骨悚然, 黑夜 里激 荡 出阴森 森 的 回响 ;我 ” “ 闯进 老头 的房 间将 其 杀 害 。 将 尸首 肢解 。这 一 切黑 夜场 景 的塑 造都 令 读 者不 寒而 栗 , 并 其
恐怖效果可算是登峰造极 。但也令读者无法忽略其中的人物病态
心理 及特 殊意 象 。小 说 的神秘 之 处绝 不仅 仅 止于 恐怖 ,这从 其 题 .
目一 “ 泄密的 ・ 可 见一斑 。 ”
关键词: 爱伦 ・ ;泄 密的 心》心跳 声 坡 《 ;
中 图分类 号 : 6 文献 标识 码 : 1 0 A
老 头 那 不死 的心 跳 声是 这 篇 小说 中及 其 重要 的一 个 意 象 , 也
是我 最终 报应 临头 的原 因 . 这 不死 的心跳 声究 竟所 泄何 密 。 等 那 我 在 老 头 的 门外想 伺机 杀 害老 头 ,耳 边 匆 匆传 来模 模 糊糊 一 阵低 沉 “
The Tell-Tale Heart 泄密的心
The Tell-Tale HeartThe Tell-Tale Heart was written by Edgar Allan Poe, who was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic. He is considered part of the American Romantic Movement and best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre. Edgar Allan Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. The Tell-Tale Heart is one of the classics of his masterpieces.This short fiction was written in the first-person narration to tell us a horrible murder story. It follows an unnamed narrator who insists on his sanity after murdering an old man with a “vulture eye”. The murder is carefully calculated, and he hides the body under the floorboards after dismembering it. Ultimately the narrator’s guilt manifests itself in the hallucination that the man’s heart is still beating under the floorboards. Shocked by the constant beating of the heart and a feeling that not only are the officers aware of the sound , but that they also suspect him, the narrator confesses to killing the old man and tells them to tear up the floorboards to reveal the body.Through the first-person narration, the Tell Tale Heart shows us a narrator with neurotic personality who directed a horrible murderstory. After the first reading, I can hardly get any theme except an obvious one, it is the guilt or the guilty conscience that drives someone insane and he cannot get them away. Come back to the story, after the narrator cleaned up the spot, he failed to leave because of the officers’arrival. Anyhow, he pretended to be calm and showed them around.But his fear exposed very soon. He felt himself getting pale and wished them gone. He began to feel fear in his subconscious. Later he even heard the heartbeat of the old man, and the sound was getting louder and louder. How can a dead man have such a loud sound of heartbeat? His guilty and fear cause a hallucination to him. He did consider there was a heartbeat. Hence, he speaks louder so as to cover the sound, worrying about that the officers would also catch the sound. Unfortunately, the officers did not leave as he wished and the sound seemed to be louder. All these made him crazy. He even thought the officers had already found that he was the murderer. Finally, his fear, guilty destroyed him. Indeed, the heartbeat did not exist. But he just could not beat his guilty conscience and took the bill for his crime.The Tell Tale Heart is a great work, what its theme is more than this. If you have a careful read, you will find two details that cannot be ignored. One is the old man’s eye that is the reason why thenarrator killed the old man. The other is the heartbeat that is the reason why the narrator suffered retaliation. The word “eye” repeats eleven times while the word “heartbeat” repeats 8 times in the novel. In fact, these two words are the very point of this fiction. Imagine, how ridiculous to kill a man not for his riches or unkind but for a vulture - a pale blue eye, with a film over it. How ridiculous that a dead man still has heartbeat, and even, the description of the sound, which uses the sentence like “louder and louder”, appears 13times. Whether Allen is on purpose or not, the description of these two images are meaningful and shocking.The description of vulture-eye is deserved to be concentrated. Vulture is a raptor. We can see it as a symbol. It represents the power. Its evil or its strength may be the real reason that the narrator love it but against it at the same time. Now return to the story, the strong power dissatisfied the narrator, so he wanted to kill it. However, the power cannot be destroyed, just like the heartbeat which never stops. As a result, the narrator had suffered retaliation.I judge him as a person who has the neurotic personality, because he said he desired his eyes and di dn’t care about his treasures. He killed an old man just because the old man’s vulture eyes. The poor old man didn’t have some annoying behavior or some words can make the narrator really mad. This motive for murder is very ridiculousand seems unreasonable.I like this fiction. This description is a little exaggeration but it makes me notice the madman’s carefulness and cautiousness. The narrator brought me into the scene and makes the story effective for me by his attractive and extraordinary language. In addition, his description is full of the details of the crime and filled with his own feelings and these made me felt very nervous while reading this novel. You may read it someday and it won’t make you disappointed.。
文体学案例 《泄密的心》
The Tell-Tale HeartBy: Edgar Allan PoeMotto: Art is long and Time is fleetingAnd our hearts, though stout and braveStill, like muffled drums, are beatingFuneral marches to the grave.——LONGFELLOW TRUE!- nervous - very,very dreadfully nervous I had been and am;but why will you say that I am mad?The disease had sharpened my senses - not destroyed - not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How,then,am I mad?Hearken!and observe how healthily - how calmly I can tell you the whole story.It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain;but once conceived,it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye!yes,it was this!He had the eye of a vulture - a pale blue eye,with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me,my blood ran cold;and so by degrees - very gradually - I made up my mind to take the life of the old man,and thus rid myself of the eye forever.Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded - with what caution - with what foresight - with what dissimulation I went to work!I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night,about midnight,I turned the latch of his door and opened it - oh so gently!And then,when I had made an opening sufficient for my head,I put in a dark lantern,all closed,closed,that no light shone out,and then I thrust in my head. Oh,you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in!I moved it slowly - very,very slowly,so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha!would a madman have been so wise as this,And then,when my head was well in the room,I undid the lantern cautiously-oh,so cautiously - cautiously (for the hinges creaked)- I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights - every night just at midnight - but I found the eye always closed;and so it was impossible to do the work;for it was not the old man who vexed me,but his Evil Eye. And every morning,when the day broke,I went boldly into the chamber,and spoke courageously to him,calling him by name in a hearty tone,and inquiring how he has passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man,indeed,to suspect that every night,just at twelve,I looked in upon him while he slept.Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch's minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers - of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was,opening the door,little by little,and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea;and perhaps he heard me;for he moved on the bed suddenly,as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back - but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness,(for the shutters were close fastened,through fear of robbers,)and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door,and I kept pushing it on steadily,steadily.I had my head in,and was about to open the lantern,when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening,and the old man sprang up in bed,crying out - “Who's there?”I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour I did not move a muscle,and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was still sitting up in the bed listening;- just as I have done,night after night,hearkening to the death watches in the wall.Presently I heard a slight groan,and I knew it was the groan of mortal terror. It was not a groan of pain or of grief - oh,no!- it was the low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe. I knew the sound well. Many a night,just at midnight,when all the world slept,it has welled up from my own bosom,deepening,with its dreadful echo,the terrors that distracted me. I say I knew it well. I knew what the old man felt,and pitied him,although I chuckled at heart. I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise,when he had turned in the bed. His fears had been ever since growing upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless,but could not. He had been saying to himself - “It is nothing but the wind in the chimney - it is only a mouse crossing the floor,” or “It is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp.” Yes,he had been trying to comfort himself with these suppositions:but he had found all in vain. All in vain;because Death,in approaching him had stalked with his black shadow before him,and enveloped the victim. And it was the mournful influence of the unperceived shadow that caused him to feel - although he neither saw nor heard - to feel the presence of my head within the room.When I had waited a long time,very patiently,without hearing him lie down,I resolved to open a little - a very,very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it - you cannot imagine how stealthily,stealthily - until,at length a simple dim ray,like the thread of the spider,shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye.It was open - wide,wide open - and I grew furious as I gazed upon it. I saw it with perfect distinctness - all a dull blue,with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones;but I could see nothing else of the old man's face or person:for I had directed the ray as if by instinct,precisely upon the damned spot.And have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the sense?- now,I say,there came to my ears a low,dull,quick sound,such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. I knew that sound well,too. It was the beating of the old man's heart. It increased my fury,as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage.But even yet I refrained and kept still. I scarcely breathed. I held the lantern motionless. I tried how steadily I could maintain the ray upon the eve. Meantime the hellish tattoo of the heart increased. It grew quicker and quicker,and louder and louder every instant. The old man's terror must have been extreme!It grew louder,I say,louder every moment!- do you mark me well I have told you that I am nervous:so I am. And now at the dead hour of the night,amid the dreadful silence of that old house,so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror. Yet,for some minutes longer I refrained and stood still. But the beating grew louder,louder!I thought the heart must burst. And now a new anxiety seized me - the sound would be heard by a neighbour!The old man's hour had come!With a loud yell,I threw open the lantern and leaped into the room. He shrieked once - once only. In an instant I dragged him to the floor,and pulled the heavy bed over him. I then smiled gaily,to find the deed so far done. But,for many minutes,the heart beat on with a muffled sound. This,however,did not vex me;it would not be heard through the wall. At length it ceased. The old man was dead. I removed the bed and examined thecorpse. Yes,he was stone,stone dead. I placed my hand upon the heart and held it there many minutes. There was no pulsation. He was stone dead. His eve would trouble me no more.If still you think me mad,you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned,and I worked hastily,but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs.I then took up three planks from the flooring of the chamber,and deposited all between the scantlings. I then replaced the boards so cleverly,so cunningly,that no human eye - not even his - could have detected any thing wrong. There was nothing to wash out - no stain of any kind - no blood-spot whatever. I had been too wary for that. A tub had caught all - ha!ha!When I had made an end of these labors,it was four o'clock - still dark as midnight. As the bell sounded the hour,there came a knocking at the street door. I went down to open it with a light heart,- for what had I now to fear?There entered three men,who introduced themselves,with perfect suavity,as officers of the police. A shriek had been heard by a neighbour during the night;suspicion of foul play had been aroused;information had been lodged at the police office,and they (the officers)had been deputed to search the premises.I smiled,- for what had I to fear?I bade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek,I said,was my own in a dream. The old man,I mentioned,was absent in the country. I took my visitors all over the house. I bade them search - search well. I led them,at length,to his chamber. I showed them his treasures,secure,undisturbed. In the enthusiasm of my confidence,I brought chairs into the room,and desired them here to rest from their fatigues,while I myself,in the wild audacity of my perfect triumph,placed my own seat upon the very spot beneath which reposed the corpse of the victim.The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them. I was singularly at ease. They sat,and while I answered cheerily,they chatted of familiar things. But,ere long,I felt myself getting pale and wished them gone. My head ached,and I fancied a ringing in my ears:but still they sat and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct:- It continued and became more distinct:I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling:but it continued and gained definiteness - until,at length,I found that the noise was not within my ears.No doubt I now grew very pale;- but I talked more fluently,and with a heightened voice. Yet the sound increased - and what could I do?It was a low,dull,quick sound - much such a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. I gasped for breath - and yet the officers heard it not. I talked more quickly - more vehemently;but the noise steadily increased. I arose and argued about trifles,in a high key and with violent gesticulations;but the noise steadily increased. Why would they not be gone?I paced the floor to and from with heavy strides,as if excited to fury by the observations of the men - but the noise steadily increased. Oh God!what could I do?I foamed - I raved - I swore!I swung the chair upon which I had been sitting,and grated it upon the boards,but the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder - louder - louder!And still the men chatted pleasantly,and smiled. Was it possible they heard not?Almighty God!- no,no!They heard!- they suspected!- they knew!- they were making a mockery of my horror!-this I thought,and this I think. But anything was better than this agony!Anything was more tolerable than this derision!I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer!I felt that I must scream or die!and now - again!- hark!louder!louder!louder!louder!“Villains!” I shrieked,“dissemble no mor e!I admit the deed!- tear up the planks!here,here!- It is the beating of his hideous heart!”。
《失窃的信》
主要推理过程
一、小孩子猜“单双”赢弹子的游戏 —— 脸上摆出和对方一样的神情去猜对
方的心思
德部长 =诗人+数学家 思维模式
二、拿地图“猜谜”的游戏 —— 越显眼的图文越容易被忽略 德部长把信藏在所有人都能看得到的
地方
视觉上的忽略 精神上缺乏辨察
埃德加•爱•伦坡
埃德加 爱 伦坡
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)
1809年1月19日生于美国马萨诸塞州波士 顿,1849年10月7日在华盛顿 与世长辞。 年仅40!
是美国作家、诗人、编辑和文学评论家, 美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员
关于爱伦坡
侦探小说 鼻祖、 科幻小说 先驱之一
《泄密的心》 ——倘若任何举动对我而言都是莫大的讽刺,那只
能证明,我心虚
《红死魔的面具》 ——麻木不仁的人们,你们卑微,你们胆小,肆意
的挥霍源于内心无法抑制的恐惧
《活埋》 ——未知死,焉知生?
……
爱伦坡在小说中塑造业余侦探杜宾
的形象,可以说是柯南道尔笔下福尔摩 斯的前辈。
这个杜宾也是爱伦坡的自我理想化 身,因为他自幼聪颖异常,处处想表现
有人从皇宫里偷走了一份极重要的信件。 如果他把信件透露给第三个人,要使人们对一 个地位极高的人的名誉产生怀疑,弄得那位女
士的名誉和平静生活都要因此受到威胁。她知 道偷信件的那个人Байду номын сангаас谁,因为那人是当着她的 面拿走的。 也知道信件仍然在他住宅里。警
察仔细搜查过他家,地面、天花板、暗格、密 室,甚至开拆家具,却仍然找不到,只能向侦
泄密的心泄密的心倘若任何举动对我而言都是莫大的讽刺那只倘若任何举动对我而言都是莫大的讽刺那只倘若任何举动对我而言都是莫大的讽刺那只倘若任何举动对我而言都是莫大的讽刺那只能证明我心虚能证明我心虚红死魔的面具红死魔的面具麻木不仁的人们你们卑微你们胆小肆意麻木不仁的人们你们卑微你们胆小肆意的挥霍源于内心无法抑制的恐惧的挥霍源于内心无法抑制的恐惧活埋活埋未知死焉知生
《泄密的心》的非理性叙事
《泄密的心》的非理性叙事作者:金慧来源:《文学教育·中旬版》2020年第09期内容摘要:爱伦·坡是美国文学先驱之一,浪漫主义代表小说家、诗人;其写作风格具有独创性,擅长描写人物的心理、意识活动,与现代小说的写作特色相呼应。
本文尝试分析短篇小说《泄密的心》,通过第一人称叙事、陌生化、心理等角度展现其非理性叙事的特征与魅力,挖掘小说主题解读新的可能。
关键词:《泄密的心》;非理性叙事;爱伦·坡一.引言18-19世纪工业社会稳步发展,启蒙运动以来,人们对理性、科技的追求作为西方社会的时代精神,依然占据着主导地位。
文学界率先对此表示了不满,浪漫主义异军突起。
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar;Allan;Poe),19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家,美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
爱伦·坡虽然是浪漫主义的代表人物之一,但是与浪漫主义所宣扬的对情感、个人的感觉的关注不同,坡的写作风格和艺术理念并不是浪漫主义的主流,他对文学创作有着自己的理念。
他追求非理性,追求对心理的真实刻画,追求艺术的自由想象的本性。
对世界、生活、人有着自己的看法。
创作初期,在他生活的年代坡甚至被视为“疯子”,就连个人性格也一度被视为有缺陷,作品中的道德观,也备受质疑。
但是坡的作品因其怪异离奇的风格,细腻的心理描写,独特的恐怖美学,在文学史上散发着耀眼的光芒。
产生于20世纪的现代主义小说更关注内部自我,及其情绪与感受,是非理性叙事的高潮。
现代小说所体现的哲学观,虽然没有明显的表现出来而是含蓄地隐藏在作品中,但是其消极的语调,悲观的态度,对外界感觉和逻辑的不确定性、人类生存的疏离感等,是较之以往的文学的明显特征。
这与人类战后的生存经验和哲学思潮密切相关。
本文将通过其短篇小说《泄密的心》,分析作品中的非理性因素。
論证坡的小说无论是对心理的关注,还是对外界的思考,都与20世纪小说产生共鸣。
“目的论”视角下爱伦·坡厌恶鹰眼之探析——以《泄密的心》为例
文“目的论”视角下爱伦·坡厌恶鹰眼之探析○江 红 郭 勇摘 要:埃德加•爱伦•坡(Edgar Allan Poe)(1809~1849)19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家,美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员,小说以哥特式为主,其恐怖小说更是惊人。
命途多舛的Poe因其自身的经历和所处的时代而被忽视,早期的他更是穷困潦倒。
美国浪漫主义时代,文学作品普遍强调文学的想象力和情感因素,注重生动的描写、异国情调的表达、感官的体会和对超自然力的描述,关注感情的自由表达和人物的心理描写。
任何文学作品的创作都存在一定目的背景。
汉斯•弗米尔提出的翻译目的论是翻译史的重要发展,是将Skopos概念运用于翻译的理论,其核心概念是:翻译过程的最主要因素是整体翻译行为的目的。
文章借用这一理论,探讨爱伦坡厌恶老人那慈祥的眼睛。
在《泄密的心》(The Tell-Tale Heart)中,Poe惧怕老人那没有恶意,甚至慈祥的双眼,引发了思考,笔者从目的论的角度探析作者厌恶老人眼睛的原因:1:缺乏安全感;2时代弃儿;3:寻找存在感;4:食鸦片,酗酒。
关键词:目的论 爱伦•坡 《泄密的心》 鹰眼目的论:翻译目的论是将Skopos概念运用于翻译的理论,其核心概念是:翻译过程的最主要因素是整体翻译行为的目的。
该术语通常用来指译文的目的。
第二阶段:汉斯•弗米尔提出了目的论,翻译必须遵循一系列法则,其中目的法则居于首位。
对于中西翻译史上的归化、异化之争,乃至近二三十年译界广泛讨论的形式对等与动态对等,“目的论”都做出了很好的解释。
翻译中到底是采取归化还是异化,都取决于翻译的目的。
目的论认为,所有翻译活动遵循的首要原则是“目的原则”。
由此可知,目的论主要是用来规范译文的,在这里我从原文的创作角度来谈谈目的论对创作的重要性。
文学创作并非胡编乱造,胡言乱语,而是建立在一定的目的基础上的情感表达,与作者所处的时代,个人经历息息相关。
纵然有李白、杜甫的忧国忧民之情,也有陶渊明热爱自然的旷达之情。
泄密的心 the tell-tale heart
Point of View
2 The First point of view gives us an unforgettable experience to explore a world of a mad person. When we are reading, we are the person who want to finish the old man’s life. And we go through the whole process of murder.
setting
• Time: at the dead hour of night
• Place: in the old man’s room
plot
The man hided the dead old man and
every thing turned
back to be quiet.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
When the terror of the old man
Point of View
Using first person point of view is one of the reasons why this passage so attractive and outstanding.
Point of View
1 The use of first person point of view put readers into the position to the killer who is a mad person without consciousness. It seems that everything the hero does in the story is chosen by ourselves. We also have the ability to hear all things in the heaven and in the earth. We hate the color of the old man’s eye.
高中语文课后必读之经典小小说告密的心〔美国〕爱伦坡素材
告密的心〔美国〕爱伦坡不错,神经质,我是非常神经质的,现在还是如此!但是你们何以说我疯了呢?我的这种病并没有毁灭或迟钝了我的感觉,反而使我的感觉更加灵敏——特别是听觉更加灵敏了。
我听见天上地上所有的一切,我还听见地狱里的许多东西。
那么,我何以会是疯了呢?你们仔细地听我看我是怎样稳健安闲的,把整个事件的原委都讲出来。
我不能告诉你们这思想最初是怎样进到我的脑子里来的,但一旦有了之后,便日夜萦回于心中。
我并没有什么目的,什么冲动。
我本来是爱那个老头子的。
他从没有做过对不起我的事,也没有侮辱过我.至于他的金子,我毫无贪婪之心。
我想仍是因为他那眼睛的缘故。
是的,就是他有一只眼,好像兀鹰的眼——灰蓝色,上面盖着一层膜。
每当我瞥见那眼的时候,全身的血便好像都冷了,于是久而久之我渐渐决意要置他于死地,我就可以永远不再看见那只眼睛.在我枪杀这老头子前一星期当中,我待他再好也没有了.每晚大约到半夜的时候,我便转着他房间的门纽,轻轻地开着.开着的宽度可以容纳我的头的时候,我便伸入一盏四周紧闭一点不露光的灯笼,然后我把头伸入.你们看了我伸入时那种异常小心的态度,一定觉得可笑的。
我慢慢地移动,慢慢地,以免惊动了那老头子的睡眠。
我花了一小时的功夫,才把头伸入,刚可以看他睡在床上的情形。
哼!一个疯子会像我这样的机警么?等我的头都伸入之后,我便非常小心地,非常小心地(因为那灯笼的轴钮处转动时有响声)把灯笼揭开一个小孔,射出一线小小的灯光,刚刚照在他那如兀鹰的眼睛上。
像这样我接连做了七夜之久,每夜都是在半夜的时候,但每次我发觉他那只眼睛总是闭着的,所以我不能动手,因为令我日夜不安的,是他那只可恶的眼睛,而并非他本人.等到每天清早的时候,我便大胆地走到他房里去,泰然地和他讲话,很亲热地叫他的名字,并问他一夜睡得怎样.如果那老头子还疑心我每晚在半夜十二点去偷看他,那他一定是一个很深沉的人。
到第八夜我去开门的时候,比以往更加小心了。
我的动作,比一只表上的分针还要慢些.在这晚之前,我自己也不知我有这样大的能力,这样的机警。
泄密的心
善恶之战的最后结果是善战胜了恶,人类在反常心态的驱使下,有时会犯下不可挽回的罪行,而更多时候却是经受不住内心良心的谴责,又在这种矛盾、纠结的心态下去主动承认了自己曾犯下的恶的罪行。
在现实社会中,人类的心理也往往受这种反常心态的奴役,有时善战胜了恶,有时恶会战胜了善,很多人就在这善与恶的内心交战中走向了毁灭。
《泄密的心》作为爱伦·坡恐怖小说的代表作,其中的对人类心理阴暗面,以及人类内心深处的纠结与矛盾的反思更是其不朽的原因,这也正是爱伦·坡小说不同与他同时代的说教小说,独特创新之处。
《泄密的心》讲述的是一桩谋杀案。
“我”和老头住在一起,老头对我没有丝毫不好之处,我也很爱老头,但是我却无法忍受老头那双眼睛。
老头那双浅蓝色的眼睛在“我”这个神经极度敏感的人看来就像一双鹰眼,只要被这双眼睛瞧上一眼,我就浑身发毛。
“我”终于无法忍受老头的那双眼睛,策划杀掉老头,经过一个星期的准备及观察,在第八天晚上“我”闯进老头的房间将他杀害,将其尸首肢解,藏在地板之下,并把杀人现场清理干净。
杀人后的第二天清晨警察来调查案件,“我”若无其事的接受问话,并大胆的请他们坐下闲聊。
“我”在谈话过程中越来越紧张,仿佛听到了老头低沉的心跳声就在房间里回响,最后经受不住自己良心的谴责,无法自控,承认了自己的罪行。
.1“恶有恶报”的道德主题在《泄密的心》中,杀人者有着高超的犯罪智商,然而不管计划再谨慎周密,实施地多么天衣无缝,他最终还是露出了狐狸尾巴。
坡以微妙独特的方式在告诉人们一个非常简单的道德主题:恶有恶报。
小说中关于心跳的构思非常巧妙。
小说最后叙述者耳边越来越清晰的心跳声很有可能是叙述者自己的幻觉。
坡之所以选用心跳这一幻觉,是因为心跳是对一个人生命存在最好的证明。
叙述者耳边的心跳声实际上是在不断地提示他他谋杀了一个鲜活的生命,这种幻觉是叙述者潜意识里对自己良知的鞭挞和拷问,这是一股令人无法忽视和抗拒的强大力量,驱使恶人得到恶报。
高中语文课后必读之经典小小说谜〔美国〕伊丽莎白特伦特素材
学必求其心得,业必贵于专精谜〔美国〕伊丽莎白。
特伦特我十八岁生日,杰克送我一本五年的日记本,上头有个锁,以及一把跟一角钱硬币一样轻的小钥匙.他觉得他太太的凯迪拉克从远方朝我们这边开过来时,我正坐在他旁边,转动那个似乎不怎么灵光的锁。
他把我往下推,让我紧挨着这辆小货车的脏地板,且把一只手按在我头上,我吸着烟灰缸里他的雪茄冒出来的香气,一边跟着录音座里面罗珊。
卡希的歌声一起哼唱。
我们刚才在喝墨西哥龙舌兰蒸馏酒,酒瓶夹在他两腿中间,上面靠着他的裆部,裤子那儿的缝线都泛白了,虽然这件列威牌长裤还是新的,我不明白为什么他的列威长裤总是沿着缝线及膝盖部分泛白.在一块弧形的布下,他的拉链闪闪发光,是金色的。
“是她,”他说:“她白天开车也亮着车灯。
我简直想不出来,一个女人还能有什么比这更教我受不了的怪癖."他看我还躲得好好的,便把手从我头上拿开,去梳理他自己那头黑发。
“她为什么这么做?”“她觉得那样比较安全,她干嘛还要比较安全?她的时速精确地维持在五十五哩,因为她相信’飞机监视速度'这种标语,不管你抬起头,发现天空中空无一物,都无所谓。
”“她会看见你的嘴在动,杰克,她会知道你在和某个人说话."“她会以为我跟着收音机在唱歌。
”学必求其心得,业必贵于专精他并没有举起手,只动了动手指头打招呼,手掌稳稳地握住方向盘,我听见那辆凯迪拉克很有音乐性地吧吧两声,他很轻松地一小时开到八十英里,我研究他的靴子.绣在皮面上的鹿头已经磨烂,线头须须毛毛地垂落下来,鞋类部分已经磨坏,鞋底和鞋跟之间,有一大团泥巴——我认识他两年以来,他一直穿着这双靴子。
录音座传出罗珊.卡希的歌声:“没有人深入我心,没有人是一个谜。
”“你想她成名是靠她爸爸的关系,还是靠她自己?”杰克说.“你知道吗,车上大概有一百个瓶盖.这些东西可能会刺破小孩的光脚丫耶,杰克。
"“除了你以外,没有别的小孩会上这辆卡车。
”“你怎么搞得这么脏?”“你怎么搞得,”他学着我说:“说话像个孩子。
泄密的心-读书报告Reading Report-作品作者爱伦坡【英文】
Reading Report: The Tell-Tale HeartI.Brief introduction of writer and storylineEdgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) was an American poet, novelist and literary critic in the 19th century, and also an important member of the American Romanticism. He was famous for mystery story and the horror fiction, revered as the fathers of mystery novels and science fiction novel. The Tell-Tale Heart was his early short novel, which used the murderer’s perspective to describe the process of commission of crime.In this novel, it portrays a nervous and psychopathic young man. Because his old neighbor has a vulture-like eye, he emerges a sickly hatred towards the old man. This hatred grows deeper and deeper, so he decides to kill him. However, in a dark night, the young man murdered the old man and dismembered the body, stuffing each piece of it into the floor. Faced the inquiry of police, the young people pretended to be imperturbable, cautious. And he boldly moved a chair and sat above the floor, where the old man’s body was hidden. Chatted with the police calmly, but after a while, the young man seemed to hear the old man’s heartbeat. This kind of voice became louder and louder, and the young man was going to crash. Finally, he admitted the fact that he had killed the old man.II.Main task and topic analysisThe novel of Edgar Allan Poe always portray enteral death as the theme. This novel was quiet difference with such sentimental death in romanticism and also with the sheer terror of death in the Gothic novel. His works are unique in his the brushwork of heavy and complicated. The most terrible part of the story is not the plot itself, but the crazy psychological description of the young people. The tension fills the whole story with terror and fear. The author has his own unique aesthetic, deathaesthetics. The full text uses a lot of details to depict the image of the characters, and the words and sentences used in the strange atmosphere are a bit of a unique beauty.III.The structure of novel and writing skillsRigorous thinking, the plot is interlinked. The Tell-Tale Heart uses a large number of first-person inner monologues and typical image-eyes to describe the theme of human nature. Through the inner changes of the protagonist, the development of the story is promoted, and the readers are guided to follow the criminal process and ideological changes of the protagonist, so as to feel the fear in his inner heart, so as to explore the ugliness and abnormal psychology in human nature.。
工作报告 泄密的心_《泄密的心》读书笔记
泄密的心_《泄密的心》读书笔记作者:EdgarAllenPoe(1809-1849),美国頺废派作家,风格怪异离奇,充满恐怖气氛,被誉为"侦探小说的鼻祖"。
代表作有:怪诞的故事黑猫莫格街谋杀案故事是以第一人称写的,没有交待时间和地点。
讲叙了一个不承认自己精神有问题的人,长久地被一老头的一只鹰隼(Vulture)般的眼睛所所困恼。
这双眼睛"paleblue,withafilmoverit",令主人公毛骨悚然。
因此渐渐地打定主意要弄死他。
终于有一天,他在夜半悄悄地拧开老头的门闩,极轻柔地探进半个脑袋,足足等了近一个小时,见无动静,才把一个遮盖得密不透风的灯笼从门缝中塞进。
证实老头没被惊动后,才蹑手蹑脚地来到其床前,万分谨慎地打开灯罩子,让一道微弱的光线刚好照到他的鹰眼上,可是老头仍未被惊醒。
主人公也许感到失望,他恨的只是那只鹰隼般的眼神如同恶魔般邪恶,而老头本人对他没有任何恶意。
主人公一不贪其财,二不怨恨他本人,所以根本实施不了原定计划。
这样的行动整整重复了七个晚上,仍无法如愿以偿。
到了第八个晚上,他比以往更加小心地打开了房门。
这天,他想到自己如此聪明精细的设计,本领高强,却总被别人说成是疯子。
疯子能有自己这般思维缜密和计划严谨吗?想到自己的秘密举动一丁点儿也没被老头儿发觉,不由得扑哧发出了一声笑。
这下惊动了老头,他在床上动了一下。
可正是这一动,激怒了主人公,在仍然伸手不见五指的环境下,步步潜行到老头的跟前,用大拇指划过笼罩的铁皮扣,要掀去灯罩。
这时老头忽然坐起来,脆声急问:"谁!"两人都一动不动了,长时间在漆黑的室内对峙。
唯有墙上的钟摆在不停地摆动。
不知过了多久,老头终于发出了吓得半死之人的哼唧,这种声音不是痛苦或悲伤的呻吟,而是魂飞魄散时从灵魂深处发出的低沉的呻吟。
万籁俱寂,这种呻吟由另一种有节奏的"tattoo"所所取代,如同用棉被包着的钟摆声。
高中语文课后必读之经典小小说心脏病〔美国〕马克斯阿普尔素材
学必求其心得,业必贵于专精心脏病〔美国〕马克斯。
阿普尔我的病让我很烦恼,虽然我坚持不肯承认。
我猜想可能是消化不良,所以不吃洋葱;又以为是痛风,就不再沾肝或鹅肉。
神经衰竭的可能性让我在床上躺了三天,一直深呼吸。
我也做瑜伽,以消除焦虑。
但最后,我光着上身,静脉插着针,在舞会上守着一堆杂志,等着咳嗽。
在我患滤过性肺炎的那段日子,我仍记得他的薛佛斯办公用品,及那个十四K的笔尖。
它清晰流利地写下处方。
被太阳晒伤的日子里,我受伤的眼睛省视墙上显示的温度,并且嫉妒那个好看的女人、那三个男孩,及后院低垂的杨柳。
我可以选择看体育书刊、时代周刊、男孩的世界,或其他杂志。
但俨然胸有成竹一般,我挑了墙上免费供应的小册子。
弗雷希曼的“人造奶油”,提供我一些关于胆固醇的平实报导。
我想起年轻时吃的一万个蛋,蛋白质的奇迹可能已使我的身体能自动消除某种物质.早上两面煎的蛋,每个晚上再来一个老一点的荷包蛋,有时其中的蛋黄已被拿去做蛋黄酱了.就许多方面而言,我一直是个和蛋一样笨的人。
那本小册子登出心脏的图片,像我的拳头一般大小的小泵。
我将手握成拳头,然后看着指关节,白得和蛋壳一样,我真希望我吃掉的是这个。
我不知道在哪儿看到过这种说法,你的阴茎的长度等于你的中指长度,加上该指弯下来触及到手的那点的距离,我的手指弯下来触不到手腕。
我的心脏必然也像豆子一般,藏在我薄弱无毛的胸腔里.一位穿着白衣的护士从一扇写着“私人用"的门走出来,到我跟前。
她在长椅子上坐下,很靠近我,而且眼光瞄向我的小册子.她握住我湿润的手,在我手心搔痒.她柔软的双唇贴近我的耳朵,音乐般的轻声说道:“每一片云都有银色的内里……”学必求其心得,业必贵于专精“但是动脉,”我回答说:“我的动脉中凝结了我年轻的错误.”她指着小册子,“动脉中应该只排列着潮湿的自身.善待你的动脉,善待你的心脏。
这是你惟一能拥有的一个。
”她把舌头伸进我的耳朵,一只手探进我的衬衫,她唱道:“男人需要女人……”“我需要医生……我的动脉。
泄密的心读后感
The Tell-Tale Heart ReportThe Tell-Tale Heart was written by Edgar Allan Poe who was an American poet, short story writer, playwriter, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement.Best known for his tales of mystery and of the macabre,Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston,Massachusetts.He became orphaned in his early childhood and was raised by John Allan,a businessman of Richmond, Virginia. Poe studied in private schools and attended the University of Virginia for a year,but was forced to work as a clerk because his foster father refused to pay his debts.Now I want to say something about this novel The Tell-Tale Heart.It mainly describes a young man tries to kill an old man not for his money but for his vulture eye which threatens him greatly. Allan Poe always wrote some abnormal people. In the fiction,the hero repeats the opinion that he is not mad,and he is a normal person.But from the description for the hero,we have reasons to believe that the hero is really abnormal.He is really guilty for killing an old man just for one ugly eye and seeking for comfort that he wants most. He does a lot of preparations before killing the old man.The preparation I can say lasts 7 days maybe.At midnight he will go to the o ld man’s bedroom with a lantern in the former 7days.Eventually,he kills the old man on the eighth night.Besides,he dismembers the old man’s dead body.To our surprise,he hides the parts under the floor.He hopes for safety for himself.But the time will come to reveal the whole truth.Policemen were called by a neighbor whose suspicions had been aroused upon hearing a scream in the night. When the policemen come to investigate the case,the young man behaves naturally.But he can’t conquer his nervousness.He is so nervous that he let out the truth.What a pity!He will spend the rest of his life in the prison.The narrator fixates on the idea that an old man is looking at him with the Evil Eye and transmitting a curse on him.At the same time that the narrator obsesses over the eye,he wants to separate the old man from the Evil Eye in order to spare the old man from his violent reaction to the eye The narrator reveals his inability to recognize that the "eye"is the "I"or identity,of the symbolize the essence of human identity,which cannot be separated from the body.The eye cannot be killed without causing the man to die.Similarly,because the eye symbolize the gothic identity Poe writes this story from the perspective of the murderer of the old man. When an author crea tes a situation where the protagonist tells a personal account, the overall impact of the story is heightened. The narrator, in this particular story, adds to the overall effect of horror by continually stressing to the reader that he or she is not mad, and tries to convince us of that fact by how carefully this brutal crime was planned and executed.To the narrator that fear is represented by the old man's eye. Through the narrator, Poe describes this eye as being pale blue with a film over it, and resembling that of a vulture. Does the narrator have any reason to fear the old man or his eye? Or could Poe be referring to a belief whose origins could be traced back to Greece and Rome? The belief in the evil eye dates back to ancient times, and even today, is fairlycommon in India and the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. References are made to it in Jewish, Islamic, Buddist and Hindu faiths. The belief centers around the idea that those who possess the evil eye have the power to harm people or their possessions by merely looking at them.In some locations, certain phrases, such as " as God will" or "God bless it" are uttered to protect the individual from harm.Would Poe have had knowledge of this rather strange belief? It is altogether possible that he would have, which creates another interesting twist to this story. Maybe the narrator who tries to convince us that madness is not really the issue, is telling the truth. Maybe this vile act is necessary in order to destroy the power of the old man's evil eye!In this fiction, it is the "vulture eye" of the old man that makes the narrator's blood run cold. It is this irrational fear which evokes the dark side, and eventually leads to murder.The fiction share us an interesting theme about freedom.In the opinion,the young man symbolizes children,the old man symbolizes the parent and the policemen stand for outside world.When children are young,they are powerless and parents are powerful.Y oung children can become powerful by killing their parents.Finally children will be punished by the law from the outside world.Maybe this is a very extreme understanding for the theme.From the ironic perspective,I want to say the fiction reveals the darkness and selfishness.In order to protect themselves,they are willing to do all things even to kill somebody else.They are lazy in front of compromise.In their life,compromise doesn’t exist at all.We should have a lot of pacific ways to deal with relationships with others.However,whatever you did,you must pay for the cost from ancient time to nowadays.Besides,in my opinion,man should not cheat himself and others.There is one sentence that explanation equals to decoration.We also have the tendance to feel that someone is unreliable when he is wordy to try say something clearly.Only when people don’t deceive each other,can we find the beauty of the world.Once I bought an English ancient classic poetry,I seldom read it.I know it’s a shameful behaviour.Because I miss a lot of time spending with the ancient talent.I determined to make up for it.At the same time. want to say I want to read more approaching fictions,even though I can’t understand it correctly.I just want to be moved by the ray of talents’ wisdom.。
高中语文课后必读之经典小小说乡下佬的劝告〔美国〕威廉萨洛扬素材
乡下佬的劝告〔美国〕威廉。
萨洛扬有一年,我的叔父美立克从弗莱斯诺到纽约去旅行。
在他上火车之前,他的叔父迦洛看望了他一次,告诉他旅行上的种种危险。
你上了火车,那老人说道,仔细拣定你的座位,坐下来,不要东张西望。
唔,叔叔,我叔父说道。
几分钟之后,火车开动了,那老人说道,两个穿制服的人会从夹道上走过来,向你要车票。
不要睬他们,他们会是骗子。
我怎么会知道呢?我叔父说道。
你会知道的,老人说道。
你不再是小孩子了。
唔,叔叔,我叔父说道。
你旅行了不到二十英里,一个讨人喜欢的年轻人会走到你跟前来,递给你一支香烟。
告诉他你不抽烟;香烟上会有麻药的.唔,叔叔,我叔父说道.在你到餐车去的路上,一个很美丽的女郎会故意和你撞个满怀,而且差不多抱住你,老人说。
她一定极其陪小心而且动人,你自然的冲动便是要和她做朋友。
抛撇了你那自然的冲动,一直进餐车去吃东西;那女人会是女冒险家.什么?我叔父说道。
婊子,老人喊道。
一直进去吃东西,点最好的食品。
如果餐车人满了,那美丽的女人坐在你同桌的对面,不要对着她的眼睛看.如果她讲话了,装做聋子罢。
唔,叔叔,我叔父说道。
装做聋子,老人说道。
这是惟一摆脱的方法。
摆脱什么?我叔父说道。
摆脱全部邪恶的花把戏,老人说道.我旅行过的,我懂得我谈着的问题。
唔,叔叔,我叔父说道。
这我们不要多谈了,老人说道。
唔,叔叔,我叔父说道.我们不要再讲这问题了,老人说。
这完结了。
我有着七个小孩子,我的生活一向是圆满正经的生活。
我们不要再想到它罢。
我有着地呀,葡萄呀,树木呀,牛羊呀,和钱呀。
人是不能一切齐备的-—除非什么时期有一天两天是如此。
唔,叔叔,我叔父说道。
在你从餐车回到你的座位的路上,老人说道,你会经过吸烟间。
你在那儿会发现一批人打着纸牌,赌客们会是三个中年人,指头上套着看上去很值钱的戒指。
他们会向你笑嘻嘻地点头,他们中间的一个会邀你入局.告诉他们,你不会讲英语。
唔,叔叔,我叔父说道.这就好了,老人说道。
谢谢你,我叔父说道。
爱伦坡经典悬疑集-第11章
第11章泄密的心是的!紧张——我曾经非常、非常紧张,紧张到了极点,现在还是如此;可是为什么你要说我疯了?疾病使我的感觉更加敏锐了——没有破坏它们——没有使它们变迟钝。
尤其是听觉变得灵敏。
我听见了天堂和地球上的一切。
我听见地狱里的许多事情。
我怎么会疯了?听一听我完整地给你讲出这个故事,是多么冷静。
我没出毛病。
我说不出那主意起初是怎么钻进我的脑子的;不过它一旦出现,就日夜不息地纠缠着我。
没什么目的。
没什么怨恨。
我爱那个老头。
他从未对我不友善过,从未让我蒙受过屈辱。
我对他的金子也没有企图。
我想是因为他的眼睛!是的,就是的!他有一只秃鹰般的眼睛——发出灰扑扑的蓝光,还蒙着一层雾气。
他的目光一落到我身上,我浑身的血液就变得冰凉;渐渐地——一步步地——我下定决心要取老人的性命,好永远摆脱那双眼睛。
关键是,你认为我疯了。
疯子是什么也不知道的。
可是你该知道我。
该明白我干得多么聪明——多么小心——多么深谋远虑——伪装得有多么好!杀他之前的一个星期,我待那老头比什么时候都好。
每天晚上,大概午夜时分,我拨动他房门的插销,打开门——哦,这么轻!然后,当把门开到足够我的脑袋伸进去那么大的缝时,我就把一盏幽暗的提灯塞进去。
提灯的活门全都关掉,不漏一丝光,然后把脑袋探进门去。
哦,要是看到我是怎样巧妙地把脑袋探进去,你该笑了!我慢慢地往里探着头——极慢,极慢,以免吵了老头睡觉。
我花了一个小时才把头完全钻进门缝,这样,就能看得到他躺在床上了。
哈!一个疯子会干得这么聪明吗?当我的头完全钻进房间后,我小心翼翼地打开提灯的活门——哦,非常小心——非常小心(因为铰链会发出吱吱的响声)——我只把它开到仅有一束光线照在那双鹰眼上。
我这么干了七个晚上——每晚的午夜——可是我发现那双眼睛总是闭着。
因此要干那事是不行的。
因为让我烦恼的不是那个老头,而是那双邪恶的眼睛。
每天天亮时,我麻着胆子走进房间,鼓足勇气同他说话,亲切地叫着他的名字,询问他夜里过得怎么样。
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告密的心〔美国〕爱伦坡
不错,神经质,我是非常神经质的,现在还是如此!但是你们何以说我疯了呢?我的这种病并没有毁灭或迟钝了我的感觉,反而使我的感觉更加灵敏——特别是听觉更加灵敏了。
我听见天上地上所有的一切,我还听见地狱里的许多东西。
那么,我何以会是疯了呢?你们仔细地听我看我是怎样稳健安闲的,把整个事件的原委都讲出来。
我不能告诉你们这思想最初是怎样进到我的脑子里来的,但一旦有了之后,便日夜萦回于心中。
我并没有什么目的,什么冲动。
我本来是爱那个老头子的。
他从没有做过对不起我的事,也没有侮辱过我。
至于他的金子,我毫无贪婪之心。
我想仍是因为他那眼睛的缘故。
是的,就是他有一只眼,好像兀鹰的眼——灰蓝色,上面盖着一层膜。
每当我瞥见那眼的时候,全身的血便好像都冷了,于是久而久之我渐渐决意要置他于死地,我就可以永远不再看见那只眼睛。
在我枪杀这老头子前一星期当中,我待他再好也没有了。
每晚大约到半夜的时候,我便转着他房间的门纽,轻轻地开着。
开着的宽度可以容纳我的头的时候,我便伸入一盏四周紧闭一点不露光的灯笼,然后我把头伸入。
你们看了我伸入时那种异常小心的态度,一定觉得可笑的。
我慢慢地移动,慢慢地,以免惊动了那老头子的睡眠。
我花了一小时的功夫,才把头伸入,刚可以看他睡在床上的情形。
哼!一个疯子会像我这样的机警么?等我的头都伸入之后,我便非常小心地,非常小心地(因为那灯笼的轴钮处转动时有响声)把灯笼揭开一个小孔,射出一线小小的灯光,刚刚照在他那如兀鹰的眼睛上。
像这样我接连做了七夜之久,每夜都是在半夜的时候,但每次我发觉他那只眼睛总是闭着的,所以我不能动手,因为令我日夜不安的,是他那只可恶的眼睛,而并非他本人。
等到每天清早的时候,我便大胆地走到他房里去,泰然地和他讲话,很亲热地叫他的名字,并问他一夜睡得怎样。
如果那老头子还疑心我每晚在半夜十二点去偷看他,那他一定是一个很深沉的人。
到第八夜我去开门的时候,比以往更加小心了。
我的动作,比一只表上的分针还要慢些。
在这晚之前,我自己也不知我有这样大的能力,这样的机警。
我差不多忍不住这种胜利的感觉。
你们想:我一点一点地开着门,而他作梦也没有梦到我这种秘密的行为和念头。
我差不多要笑起来;恐怕他听见了,因为他忽然在床上翻身,似乎被惊动了。
你想我会退缩么——不。
因为房里是漆黑的(四周的窗子都紧闭了,以防盗贼),所以他不会看见我开门,而我仍继续慢慢地前进着。
我的头伸入了,正预备打开灯的时候,忽然我的大拇指挂在那锡钮子上,那老头子便从床上爬起来,喊着:“谁在这里?”我静默着一言不发。
整整的有一小时之久,我连一下子都没有动,但同时我没有听见他睡下去。
他一直坐在床上静听——正如我每晚在墙边守候一样。
忽然我听见一声小小的叹息,我听了马上就晓得这是一种极度恐怖的叹声。
这不是一种痛苦或忧愁的呻吟,而是因着一种非常的恐怖从心灵的深处发出的一种生硬的低声。
我很懂
得这种声音。
常常在半夜到处寂静的时候,我也从心怀的深处听见这种声音,同时使我的惧怕更加深沉。
我再说:我是很明白这种声音的。
我晓得那老头子有怎样的感觉,我也可怜他,虽然我骨子里是很开心的。
我晓得他最初在床上翻动的时候,便一直是醒着了。
从那时候,他的惧怕便逐渐增长。
他勉强要把这种惧怕想做是无端的,但是不能够。
他对自己说:“不过是烟囱吹进来的风罢了——不过是老鼠在地板上跑过,”或是“蟋蟀叫了一声。
”
是的,他想用这些假定来安慰自己,但是都无用,因为死亡走近他的时候,已经有黑影在他面前,把他包围住了。
就是这种黑影的影响,使他“感觉”到伸入他房里的头,虽然他并没有看见或听见。
我耐心等了许久还未听见他睡下的时候,我便决心把灯打开一点——只打开一点点。
于是我一点点打开,偷偷地,偷偷地,直到最后一条小小的光线,好像蛛丝一样,从灯笼里发出来,正射在他那秃鹰似的眼睛上。
那眼睛是开着的——大大的开着的。
我注视那眼睛的时候,不禁气愤填膺。
我看得非常之清楚,全是苍灰色,盖着一层可怕的薄膜,令我看了冷入骨髓。
但此外我看不见那老头子的脸或身体,因为我刚巧把那一线光射在那眼珠上。
而现在——我不是对你们说过,我是神经过于敏锐,而你们误以为我是疯了么?——而现在我听到了一种低钝而短促的声音,正如一只表包在棉花里所发出的声音一样。
我对这声音也是再熟悉没有了。
那是这老头子心跳的声音。
这声音更增加了我的愤怒,正如军队的鼓声更增加了士兵的勇气一样。
但即使如此,我还是保持着耐心毫不移动。
我抑着气息,稳持着灯笼,一点也不动。
我要看我把这线光射在他眼上,能保持多久。
同时,那可怕的心跳声继续增强。
那声音愈来愈快,愈来愈大。
那老头子的惧怕,一定是到了极点了!我说,那声音愈来愈大,愈来愈大,你们听清楚了么?我也说过我的神经是非常敏锐的。
而现在半夜在这老屋子可怕的寂静之中,这种声音实在令我感到一种不可耐的恐怖。
然而我还是再保持了几分钟的镇静。
而那声音愈来愈大,恐怕他的心要裂了。
忽然一种新的恐惧捉住了我——这声音恐怕邻居听见了。
这老头子的末日到了!我大叫一声,把整个灯笼打开,跳入房中。
他叫了一声——只叫了一声。
我马上把他拖到地上,把床罩在他身上。
然后我开心的笑着,我要干的事已经干到这个程度了。
但是那心的跳声,还是继续了一些时。
这我并不怕什么,这声音并不会透出墙外。
最后,那声音停止了。
这老头子死了。
我把床移开,来查看他的尸首。
他的确是像石头一样的死了。
我把手放在他心上,按了好几分钟。
他的心不跳了,他是像石头一样的死了。
他的眼睛再不会令我恼怒了。
如果你们还以为我是疯子的话,只要你们听我讲述我是如何小心地藏匿尸首,那你们就不会再以为我是疯子了。
夜将尽了,我必须赶快工作,不过不能弄出声音。
起先,我把他分割开来。
我把他的头和四肢,都割下来。
然后我把地板揭起三块板子,把肢体都存放在木干之间。
我再把板子好好地盖上,盖得丝毫不露痕迹,任何人的眼睛都看不出什么毛病来——即使是那老头子的眼珠。
没有什么要洗刷的,没有什么污迹。
我对于这类的事是太聪明了。
用一个盆子把这些都弄好了。
哈哈!我把这些都做完之后,已经是四点钟了,但到处还是像半夜一样黑暗的。
等到敲钟的时候,我听见有人敲大门的声音,我心里很轻快地下去开了门——因为现在我还怕什么呢?当时进来了三个人,很客气地自称为警署的官员。
他们说这里有一个邻居在半夜听见叫声,恐怕有歹人的行为,便通知了警署,他们(那些警官)是被派到这里来搜查的。
我笑着——因为我还怕什么呢?我对那三位警官表示欢迎之意。
我说,那叫声乃是在梦中呓语喊出来的。
那老头子,我说是往乡间去了。
我带那三位往全屋各处查看,请他们细心的检查。
最后我带他们到那老头子房里。
我把他的财物给他们看,并未有人拿动。
在我这种自信的热心中,我还拿些椅子进房来,请他们三位休息一下,至于我自己,则大胆地把自己的座位正放在那尸首的上面。
那些警官觉得满意了。
我的态度使他们相信我了。
我现出若无其事的样子。
他们坐着,我一方面很高兴地答他们的话,他们也随便谈着。
但不久,我觉得自己的脸色有些发白,只希望他们赶快走了。
我的头疼痛,觉得耳里轰轰作声,但他们还是坐着,还是谈着话。
我耳里的声音更清楚了——它继续下去而且愈加明白起来。
我还是很自然地谈话,想赶走这种声音,但那声音愈来愈清楚,直到最后我发觉那声音并不在我自己的耳朵里面。
当然,我现在的脸色是苍白极了,而我的谈话也加快起来,发出一种不自然的高声。
然而那种声音还是继续扩大——我怎样办呢?那是“一种低钝而短促的声音,正如一只表包在棉花里所发出的声音一样。
”
我喘着气——但那些警官还似乎没有听见。
我谈话更快,更热烈,但那声音还是继续扩大。
他们何以不走呢?我在地板上重步走来走去,好像因着那班警官而发怒一样——而那声音仍继续增大。
呵,天老爷!我怎样办呢?我鼓着嘴,我愤怒,我发狂言!我拿着我坐的椅子,在地板上推动,但那声音超过了一切,还是继续扩大,更大,更大起来!他们还是谈话,笑着。
他们还没有听见么?啊,全能的上帝!不,不!他们听见了。
他们怀疑,他们知道了。
他们是在讥讽我的惧怕。
我起初这样猜想着,现在更是这样想着。
但是无论什么别的比这种痛苦都要好些!无论什么别的比讥笑都要可忍受些。
我再受不住那种冷笑了。
我要喊叫起来,否则就死去罢!现在,又来了,那声音愈大,愈大,愈大,愈大……“可鄙的,”我喊着,“不要再对我装聋作哑罢!我承认是我干的!你们揭开板子!这里!这里!就是这个可怕的心跳声!”。