大学英语四级考试考前冲刺试卷(一)答案与详解
四级预测试卷（第一套）试题及答案解析
四级预测试卷（第⼀套）试题及答案解析四级预测试卷（第⼀套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of parents’ trying to meet all thedemands from their children and then explain the harm by doing so. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words._____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) It’s tedious. C) It’s justifiable.B) It’s absurd. D) It’s understandable.2. A) Jazz. C) Classical music.B) Rock and roll. D) Country music.3. A) She was afraid of the professor.B) She lost her key and couldn’t enter her house.C) She didn’t make full preparations for her lessons.D) She was blamed by the professor for her carelessness.4. A) She is a little tired. C) She wants to listen to the music.B) She is going to study in the library. D) She is going to make a reservation.5. A) Not to wait for him. C) To get her report back.B) To clean up her room. D) Not to fetch the raincoat.6. A) Two. B) Four. C) Eight. D) Twelve.7. A) He is a rather tedious person. C) He doesn’t have a healthy diet.B) He has just left the hospital. D) He is a better cook than the woman.8. A) The train is late. C) The train is crowded.B) The train is empty. D) The train is on time.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Get a traveler’s check. C) Ask the man for financial advice.B) Draw a large amount of money. D) Open some bank accounts.10. A) Daily expenses. C) Holidays and travel expenses.B) Big expenses. D) Education fee.11. A) Her ID card and passport. C) Her social security number.B) Her personal references. D) Her cover letter.12. A) A salesman. C) A bank clerk.B) A real estate agent. D) A consultant.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) A recording artist. C) A student.B) A French teacher. D) A teaching assistant.14. A) It needs more French lesson tapes.B) It needs to have its controls repaired.C) It is different from all the other laboratories.D) It can be operated rather easily.15. A) Change her class schedule. C) Organise tapes on the shelves.B) Fill out a job application form. D) Work on the French lessons.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She had run a long way. C) She had done a lot of work.B) She felt hot in the subway. D) She had donated blood the night before.17. A) By lifting her to the platform. C) By pulling her along the ground.B) By helping her rise to her feet. D) By dragging her away from the edge.18. A) When the train was leaving.B) After she was back on the platform.C) After the police and fire officials came.D) When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.19. A) They would miss their train. C) She was sure Lisa was hard to lift.B) He didn’t see the train coming.D) She was afraid the train would kill him.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) In Suva. C) On the island of Vatoa.B) In Sydney. D) On the island of Viti Levu.21. A) Its comfortable hotels. C) Its exciting football matches.B) Its good weather all year round. D) Its religious beliefs.22. A) They invented “Fiji time” for visitors.B) They stick to a traditional way of life.C) They like to travel from place to place.D) They love taking adventures abroad.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) Staying on the farm. C) Moving to the countryside.B) Leaving home for the city. D) Running away from the school.24. A) He is very old now. C) He lives in the city now.B) He is in good health. D) He prefers driving a car.25. A) Describe his life in the countryside. C) Show an interest in the outside world.B) Persuade people to live in the city. D) Express his opinions about way of life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you arerequired to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is readfor the third time, you should check what you have written.Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientistsstudied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, California researchers 26. ________ 4, 700 residents of Alameda County for ten years, starting in 1965. At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they 27. ________ each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social 28. ________ died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn’t matter, but time spent with others was 29. ________. Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers, and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps 30. ________. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times the 31. ________ rate. College students who report “strained and cold” relationships with their parents suffer 32. ________ rates of hypertension (⾼⾎压) and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice the rate of those who live with others. For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It’s clear that 33. ________ others can help our bodies thrive. It’s equally clear that we’re growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5% of US households 34. ________ one person living alone. The 35. ________ reached 13% in 1960, and it stands at 25% today.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefullybefore making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Managers need to find ways to give their employees a lift to improve their morale(⼠⽓). That’s where team-building exercises and other spiritual encouragement can come into 36 . The theory is that a trust-building game, a wilderness adventure, a cooking class or even full-contact chocolate bingo (宾果游戏) — yes, it exists —will help 37 teamwork, bring cheer and thus encourage everyone to work harder and better together.Yes, promoting teamwork is 38 . Getting everyone together for a shared activity can improve team spirit. But, too often, formal team-building programs 39 only minor, short-lived improvements in encouragement or performance.Still, employers do need to support teamwork, 40 in bad climate. The 41 news is that what works is often fairly simple and inexpensive. The key to improving morale, several experts said, is understanding what 42 to your workers.Curbing executive perks(津贴) and salaries can also go a long way toward building morale, according to Professor Kets de Vries. It is 43 unlikely that workers of car factories got much of a lift watching their industry’s top executives take private jets to Washington in November to ask for financial aid. “If you get paid 500 times what the 44 worker is paid, that is ridiculous,”Professor Kets de Vries said. “Don’t be 45 . Great organizations are team-based.”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the informationis derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Shirley Temple: A walk on the bright sideA) There had to be a dark side to Shir ley Temple’s life. Biographers and interviewers scrabbled around to find it. Theadorable dancing, singing, curly-haired moppet (⼩⼥孩), the world’s top-earning star from 1935 to 1938, surely shed tears once the cameras were off. Her little feet surely ached. Perhaps, like the heroine of “Curly Top”, she was marched upstairs to bed afterwards by some thin-lipped harridan (恶妇), and the lights turned resolutely off.B) Not a bit of it. She loved it all, both then and years later, when the cuteness had gone but the dimples (酒窝)remained. Hadn’t her mother pushed her into it? No, just encouraged her, and wrapped her round with affection, including fixing her 56 ringlets every night and gently making her repeat her next day’s lines until sleep crept up on her. Hadn’t she been punished cruelly while making her “Baby Burlesks”, when she was three? Well, she had been sent several times to the punishment box, which was dark and had only a block of ice to sit on. But that taught her discipline so that, by the age of four, she would “always hit the mark”— and, by the age of six, be able to match the great Bill “Bojangles” Robinson tap-for-tap down the grand staircase in “The Little Colonel”. C) To some it seemed a stolen childhood, with eight feature films to her name in 1934, her breakthrough year, alone.Not to her, when Twentieth-Century Fox (born out of struggling Fox Studios that year on her glittering name alone) built her a little bungalow (平房) on the lot, with a rabbit pen and a swing in a tree. She had a bodyguard and a secretary, who by 1934 had to answer 4,000 fan-letters a week. But whenever she wanted to be a tomboy, she was. In the presidential garden at Hyde Park she hit Eleanor Roosevelt on the bottom with her catapult (弹⼸), for which her father spanked her.D) The studios were full of friends: Orson Welles, with whom she played croquet, Gary Cooper, who did colouringwith her, and the kind camera crews. She loved the strong hands that passed her round like a mascot (吉祥物), and the soft laps on which she was p lumped down (J. Edgar Hoover’s being the softest). The miniature (微型) costumes thrilled her, especially her sailor outfit in “Captain January”, in which she could sashay (神⽓活现地⾛) and jump even better; as did her miniature Oscar in 1935, the only one ever awarded to somebody so young.Grouchy Graham Greene mocked her as “a complete totsy”, but no one watching her five different expressions while eating a forkful of spinach in “Poor Little Rich Girl” doubted that she could act. She did pathos and fierce determination (jutting out thatlittle chin!), just as well as she did smiles.E) Her face was on the Wheaties box. It was also on the special Wheaties blue bowl and pitcher, greeting people atbreakfast like a ray of morning sunshine. Advertisers adored her, from General Electric to Lux soap to Packard cars. After “Stand up and Cheer!” in 1934 dolls appeared wearing her polka-dot dress, and after “Bright Eyes”the music for “The Good Ship Lollipop” was on every piano, as well as everyone’s brains: “Where bon-bons play/ On the sunny beach of Peppermint Bay.”F) Her parents did not tell her there was a Depression on. They mentioned only good things to her. FranklinRoosevelt declared more than once that “America’s Little Darling” made the country feel better, and that pleased her, because she loved to make people happy. She had no idea why they should be otherwise. Her films were all about the sweet child bringing grown-ups back together, emptying misers’ pockets and melting frozen hearts.Like the dog star Rin Tin Tin, to whom she cheerfully compared herself, she was the bounding, unwitting antidote (抵消不愉快事物的事物) to the bleakness of the times.A toss of curlsG) She was as vague about money as any child would, and should, be. Her earnings by 1935 were more than $1,000(now $17,000) a week—from which she was allowed about $13 a month in pocket money—and by the end of her career had sailed past $3m (now $29m). But when she found out later that her father had taken bad financial advice, and that only $44,000 was left in the trusts, she did not blame him. She remembered the motto about spilt milk, and got on with her life.H) Things appeared to dive sharply after 1939, when her teenage face—the darker, straighter hair, the troubledlook—failed to be a box-office draw. She missed the lead in “The Wizard of Oz”, too. She shrugged it off; it meant she could go to a proper school for the first time, at Westlake, which was just as exciting as making movies. By 1950 she had stopped making films altogether; well, it was time. She couldn’t do innocence any more, and that was what the world still wanted. Her first husband was a drunk and a disaster, but the marriage brought her “something beautiful”, her daughter Susan. The second marriage, anyway, lasted 55 years. She lost a race for Congress in 1967: but when that door closed another opened, as an ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. Breast cancer was a low point, but she learned to cope with it, and helped others to cope. “I don’t like to do negatives,” she told Michael Parkinson. “There are always pluses to things.”I) In the films, her sparkling eyes and chubby (胖乎乎的) open arms included everyone; one toss of her shiny curlswas an invitation to fun. Her trademark was, it turned out, that rare thing in the world, and rarer still in Hollywood: a genuine smile of delight.46. Making movies didn’t deprive Shirley Tem ple of a happy childhood.47. Shirley Temple didn’t blame her father for the huge loss of money she earned.48. Franklin Roosevelt said Shirley Temple helped the US through the Depression.49. After a failed marriage, Shirley Temple had a successful second marriage that lasted 55 years.50. Many companies chose young Shirley Temple as their advertising spokesperson.51. From 1935 to 1938, Shirley Temple was the highest-earning movie star in the world.52. A genuine smile of light is a distinctive characteristic of Shirley Temple.53. Shirley Temple was the only child star who was given a miniature Oscar.54. Three-year-old Shirley Temple learned to control her behaviour after being punished several times.55. Shirley Temple tried to stay positive while overcoming breast cancer.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.We know that some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity, as studies have shown that genes play a role in how we process high-fat and high-sugar diets. Now it’s time to cross fried foods off that list, if you haven’t already.Of course, fried food isn’t good for anyone’s health. But a new study published in the journal BMJ found that eating fried food interacts with genes associated with obesity and can double one’s risk for becoming obese.The researchers studied 37,000 men and women, and had them fill out questionnaires that asked how often they consumed fr ied food. They also assessed the participants’ genetic risk based on 32 different gene variants known to be related to body mass index (BMI) and obesity. Participants who had the highest genetic score for obesity and ate fried foods four or more times a week had a BMI around two pounds greater than those who ate fried foods once a week. But for people with the lowest genetic scores, the differences were closer to one pound. Eating fried food more than four times a week had twice the effect on the body for people at the greatest genetic risk for obesity.But not being genetically predisposed (预先有倾向的) to obesity hardly makes one immune. Another recent study published in BMJ reports that people who are exposed to a lot of takeaway restaurants around their homes or work are more likely to consume those foods, and subsequently more likely to be obese. Other research has shown that food deserts — places where fresh food is hard to come by — contribute to the obesity epidemic as well.“This work provides formal proof of interaction between a combined genetic risk score and environment in obesity,” Ale xandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton, professors at Imperial College London wrote in a corresponding editorial. But they’re not exactly hopeful that this knowledge will made a difference. The results “are unlikely to influence public health advice,” they write, “since most of us should be eating fried food more sparingly anyway.”56. What does the author mean by saying “some people are dealt a genetically more difficult hand when it comes to obesity”?A) Some people genetically like high-fat diets.B) Genes play a role in obesity.C) Genes affect the digestive system.D) Some people feel difficult to become obese.57. What do we know about the study published in the journal BMJ?A) It discovered 32 different gene variants related to body mass index.B) The participants studied by the researchers have high genetic risk for obesity.C) It showed the higher genetic risk for obesity people have, the more fried food they consume.D) It studied the relationship between fried food and people’s genetic risk for obesity.58. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A) It is much more harmful for people at the greatest genetic risk for obesity to eat fried foods than others.B) Those who are not genetically predisposed to obesity would have no harm to eat fried foods.C) The purpose of the study published in the journal BMJ is to find out how often people consume fried foods.D) People in draught and desert areas are more likely to consume fried foods.59. Which of the following is the factor that would lead to obesity?A) A lack of fried foods. C) Availability of fresh food.B) Genetic risk for obesity. D) Body mass index.60. What do Alexandra Blakemore and Dr. Jessica Buxton think about the studies’ findings?A) They are ridiculous. C) They have little influence.B) They are subjective. D) They are big breakthroughs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Wild elephants can distinguish between human languages, and they can tell whether a voice comes from a man, woman or boy, a new study says. That’s what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t.The result shows that while humans are studying elephants, the clever animals are also studying people and drawing on their famed powers of memory, said study author Karen McComb.“Basically they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with,” said McComb, a professor of animal behaviour and cognition at the University of Sussex in England. “Memory is key. They must build up that knowledge s omehow.”The study was released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.It’s close but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the empathetic elephant Horton hears so mething that others can’t hear.McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants in confrontations over grazing for cattle, and Kamba men, who are less of a threat to the elephants.By about a two-to-one margin, the elephants reacted defensively — retreating and gathering in a bunch — more to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe, said study co-author Graeme Shannon of Colour ado State University. “They are making such a fine-level discrimination usinghuman language skills,” Shannon said. “They’re able to acquire quite detailed knowledge. The only way of doing this is with an exceptionally large brain.”They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants, the animals reacted less to the women’s voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys’ voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable,” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal, who was not part of the study.61. What can we know about the ability to distinguish between human languages?A) Scientists believe it is unique to humans.B) Animals have learnt such ability from humans.C) No animal except wild elephants have developed it.D) Studies show that wild animals are born with such ability.62. Which of the following is not true about the study mentioned in the passage?A) It shows wild elephants can hear something that others can’t hear.B) It was conducted in Amboseli National Park in Kenya.C) It involved playing recordings of people for wild elephants.D) It was made public in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.63. Who were the people taking part in the study?A) Frans de Waal and Karen McComb. C) Dr. Seuss and Graeme Shannon.B) Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal. D) Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon.64. How did the elephants feel of young boys’ voices?A) They are extremely exciting. C) They are less threatening.B) They are very depressing. D) They are gentle and kind.65. What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?A) Identifying and avoiding possible danger.B) Evolving much faster than any other animals.C) Having a better understanding of humans.D) Developing their language skills.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.莫⾔是第⼀位获得诺贝尔⽂学奖的中国籍作家。
2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题(一)答案与详解
2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题（一）写作答案与详解Writing 写作
精彩点评
【1】开篇点题，通过学校的调查引入学生对在线课程的看法。
【2】承接第一句话，引出下文。
【3】【4】【5】用Among…comes first、Second和Furthermore 分条列举在线课程的优点。
【6】用Despite转折，指出在线课程具有一些缺点。
【7】【8】用On the one hand和On the other hand，分别指出了在线课程的不足之处。
【9】分别从老师和学生的角度提出建议。
在线课程
[1]最近，我们的大学正在进行一项关于学生对在线课程的看法的调查。
在我看来，[2]的在线课程既有优点也有缺点。
[3]在在线课程的所有优点中，灵活性是第一位的：学生可以随时随地学习。
[4]第二，通过在线课程，学生可以获得国内外知名教师提供的高质量课程。
[5]此外，学生还可以观看回放，反复学习难点知识。
[6]尽管有这些优势，但在线课程的缺点也不应被忽视。
[7]一方面，学生和教师之间很难实现高水平的互动。
[8]另一方面，在线课程需要自律和动力等品质，而大多数学生在没有老师监督的情况下难以保持专注。
[9]考虑到我们大学在线课程的整体情况，我认为，为了提高在线课程的有效性，教师应该提供更多的互动和协作的机会。
此外，学生应提高自学能力，充分利用网络课程。
2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析
2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.C)The market they target.D)The language they require.10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A)The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A)It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.A)absorb I)limitedB)abundant J)minimizeC)billed K)occasionallyD)decline L)optimizesE)diminishes M)rateF)expansion N)remedialG)expense O)ultimatelyH)intensifyingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone naps at2p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associativethinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help.too.Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性)，which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr.Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’efforts.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings.But it’s a strange sort of hate,similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line,or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly:the dislike is real,yet if the despised thing were to vanish,it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion.True,research suggests that meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to.True,done badly,they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing(幸福).But that’s just office life,right?It’s not supposed to be fun.That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起)this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners;that more communication is always a good thing.So suggestions abound for(大量存在)communicating better in meetings-for example,hold them standing up,so speakers will come to the point more quickly.But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely,the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned.If anything,it’s reinforced when such firms introduce“flat”management structures,with bosses always available to everyone,plus plenty of electronic distraction.In fact,constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway,once you give it three seconds’thought,isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing?Often,the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid.At work,it’s surely many more than four,though for a different reason;office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work.Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’physical and spiritual health.C)Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A.Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the“flat”management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed.This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers,but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared.Instead,many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible,with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online,the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,often at the cost of quality.In this respect,many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping(重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing.In some cases,online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue,it often does harm to their products.When publishers start journals with overlapping domains,in combination with the pressure to publish more studies,this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.Moreover,publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers.With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort,journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community,the pressure to publish must be reduced.Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start.We need additional mechanisms,such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles.In addition,the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。
2015大学英语四级考试题 考前冲刺试卷答案解析
—3—
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have justk.
B） Twice a week. C） Once a month. D） Twice a month. 23. A） No one.
pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）, and decide
英语四级CET考前冲刺试题及答案
英语四级CET考前冲刺试题及答案英语四级CET考前冲刺试题及答案不加思考地滥读或无休止地读书，所读过的东西无法刻骨铭心，其大部分终将消失殆尽。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语四级CET 考前冲刺试题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Hollywood Has Disquiet On The SetHollywood is on the edge of a nervous breakdown1.Worried about an industry wide writers strike, struckby a series of theater-chain bankruptcies, burdenedwith unreasonable corporate profit, requirementsand seemingly incapable of producing consistently2 creative movies, the American filmindustry is in an intensive period of soul-searching. There's little doubt it will survive this crisis.But most insiders agree there is disease at both ends of the business —where films areconceived, and where they're shown — that may take years to overcome.While boasting annual box-office revenue increases for nine straight years, largely due toincreased ticket prices, the number of actual tickets sold has declined for the second year in arow. The construction boom has added nearly 10, 000 theaters ( more than 200, 000 moreseats) in the last five years. But due to a static audience base, eight major chains have goneinto bankruptcy and several others are in dreadful financial straits.In effect, insiders say, Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in. "There's generalproblem in that the companies that have the most consistent output of material are leastinterested in what they're making, "says former 20 th Century Fox CEO3 Bill. And, Billadds,"We're in a period where movies are getting bigger and more costly and less interestingand fulfilling to an audience. "Today the studios are under the stress to increase profit margins for their corporate parents,and profit margins are hard to control in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys.Other business can increase profits by cutting costs —buying cheaper material, or making thecandy bar smaller4 . Not Hollywood."What we're cutting is risk, "says the head of one major studio, who asked not to benamed,"And risk is what great film has always demanded. " While the studios are avoiding riskyconcepts, their rivals in the home entertainment business have been furiously expanding theboundaries of the imagination. It was this pressure — in electronic games, the Internet, EVDs—that forced the movie theater chains into a self-destructive frenzy of expansion.Seduced by easy access to loans during the go-go5 economy of the mid to late 1990s, thechains plunged into debt in a feverish effort to be first on the block with the biggest 158theatres. In five years, the number of U. S. screens expanded from 27, 000 to more than 37, 000 ." It's going to take three or four years for the complete recovery of the business, "says KurtHall, president of the United Artists Theater Circuit."It will take that long to get the number ofscreens down to a healthy level. The closer we get to 30, 000 the better off we'll be. "练习题：Ⅰ. Complete the summary of the passage:Hollywood is on the 1 of nervous breakdown. It was struck by theater-chain2 , burdened with 3corporate profit, requirements, 4 of producing 5 creative movies. Most insiders allege thatboth ends of the business have disease. The annualbox-office revenue increases because of the6 ticket prices. The number of actual tickets sold has 7 for the second year in a row. In the lastfive years 8 theaters has set up. Given the limited audience base, eight major chains havegone 9 bankruptcy and several others are in 10 11 .Ⅱ. Questions:1. Why Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in?2. Why the studio is under stress? In what way is it different from other business?参考答案Ⅰ. 1. edge 2. bankruptcies 3. unreasonable 4 .incapable 5. consistently 6. increased 7. declined8. 10, 000 9 . into 10 . financial 11. straitsⅡ. 1. Because nowadays movies are getting biggerand more costly and less interesting and fulfilling toan audience.2. They have to increase profit for their corporate parents and profit margins are hard tocontrol in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys. Other business can increaseprofits by cutting costs —buying cheaper material, but Hollywood can’t.译文隐患丛生的好莱坞好莱坞已处在崩溃的边缘。
大学英语四级新题型最新考试冲刺试卷试题【附答案】之一
大学英语四级新题型最新考试冲刺试卷试题【附答案】之一Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled What Electives to Choose. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课；2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课；3. 以你自己为例……What Electives to Choose________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ______ Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D)，and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) She used to be in poor health. C) She was somewhat overweight.B) She was popular among boys. D) She didn’t do w ell at high school.2. A) At the airport. C) In a booking office.B) In a restaurant. D) At the hotel reception.3. A) Teaching her son by herself. C) Asking the teacher for extra help.B) Having confidence in her son. D) Telling her son not to worry.4. A) Have a short break. C) Continue her work outdoors.B) Take two weeks off. D) Go on vacation with the man.5. A) He is taking care of this twin brother. C) He is worried about Rod’s health.B) He has been feeling ill all week. D) He has been in perfect condition.6. A) She sold all her furniture before she moved house.B) She still keeps some old furniture in her new house.C) She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.D) She brought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.7. A) The wo man wondered why the man didn’t return the book.B) The woman doesn’t seem to know what the book is about.C) The woman doesn’t find the book useful any more.D) The woman forgot lending the book to the man.8. A) Most of the man’s friends are athletes. C)The man doesn’t look like a sportsman.B) Few people share the woman’s opinion. D) The woman doubts the man’s athletic ability.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) She has packed it in one of her bags. C) She has probably left it in a taxi.B) She is going to get it at the airport. D) She is afraid that she has lost it.10. A) It ends in winter, C) It will last one week.B) It will cost her a lot. D) It depends on the weather.11. A) The plane is taking off soon. C) There might be a traffic jam.B) The taxi is waiting for them. D) There is a lot of stuff to pack.12. A) At home. C) At the airport.B) In the man’s car. D) By the side of a taxi.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) She is thirsty for promotion. C) She is tired of her present work.B) She wants a much higher salary. D) She wants to save travel expenses.14. A) Translator. C) Language instructor.B) Travel agent. D) Environmental engineer.15. A) Lively personality and inquiring mind. C) Devotion and work efficiency.B) Communication skills and team spirit. D) Education and experience.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. Atthe end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They care a lot about children. C) They want to enrich their life experience.B) They need looking after in their old age. D) They want children to keep them company.17. A) They are usually adopted from distant places.B) Their birth information is usually kept secret.C) Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.D) Their adoptive parents don’t want them to know their birth parents.18. A) They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents.B) They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.C) They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.D) They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search.19. A) Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.B) Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas.C) Understanding is the key to successful adoption.D) Adoption has much to do with love.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) He suffered from mental illness. C) He turned a failing newspaper intoa success.B) He bought The Washington Post. D) He was once a reporter for a majornewspaper.21. A) She was the first woman to lead a big U. S. publishing company.B) She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago.C) She committed suicide because of her mental disorder.D) She took over her father’s position when he died.22. A) People came to see the role of women in the business world.B) Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans’ mind.C) American media would be quite different without Katharine.D) Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just beard.23. A) It’ll enable them to enjoy the best medical care. C) It’ll protect them from possible financial crises.B) It’ll allow them to receive flee medical treatment. D) It’ll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.24. A) They can’t immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.B) They have to go through very complicated application procedures.C) They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.D) They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.25. A) They do n’t have to pay for the medical services.B) They needn’t pay the entire medical bill at once.C) They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.D) They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choice. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.As war spreads to many comers of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 36 . The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 37 of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) forthe Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children 38 as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogotáknown as The Schools of Peace.The classroom 39 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 40 ，peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 41 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 42 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992，provides a Website with resources for teachers and 43 on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International。
大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案
大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选择职业。
3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。
Choosing an OccupationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the nextcentury.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. Hefears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “t here will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 millionpeople a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink?［A］The rivers flowing into it have been diverted.［B］Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland.［C］Government planners over-pumped its water.［D］High temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects .［A］does more good than harm［B］solves more problems than what they created［C］does more harm than good［D］brings more water to people than expected3.The chief causes of water shortage include .［A］population growth and water waste［B］water pollution and dry weather［C］water waste and pollution［D］population growth and water pollution4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages?［A］living in rich areas［B］living in big cities but poor condition［C］depending on groundwater［D］bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries?［A］Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers.［B］Raw sewage into rivers and streams.［C］Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers.［D］Household cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water?［A］By covering the whole surface of the water.［B］By competitively using oxygen life in water needs.［C］By living more rapidly than other life in water .［D］By releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems?［A］government and housewives.［B］farmers and manufacturers.［C］ordinary people and manufacturers.［D］government and every person.8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.［A］Wait for the sale to start.［B］Get further information about the sale.［C］Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.［D］Buy a new suit.12.［A］He doesn’t think that John is ill.［B］He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.［C］He is aware that John is ill.［D］He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13.［A］Before six.［B］At six.［C］After six.［D］After seven.14.［A］It is bigger.［B］It has a prettier color.［C］It has a larger yard.［D］It is brighter.15.［A］Australian and American.［B］Guest and host.［C］Husband and wife.［D］Professor and student.16.［A］1∶30.［B］11∶00.［C］9∶30.［D］10∶00.17.［A］He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late. ［B］He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.［C］He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.［D］He prefers traveling with the woman.18.［A］He thinks she should visit her cousin. ［B］Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.［C］Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.［D］He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.［A］Two different types of bones in the human body.［B］How bones help the body move.［C］How bones continuously repair themselves.［D］The chemical composition of human bones.20.［A］They defend the bone against viruses.［B］They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.［C］They break down bone tissue.［D］They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21.［A］They have difficulty identifying these cells.［B］They aren’t sure how these cells work.［C］They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.［D］They’ve found similar cells in other species.22.［A］To learn how to prevent a bone disease.［B］To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.［C］To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.［D］To create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］A new fuel for buses.［B］The causes of air pollution.［C］A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.［D］Careers in environmental engineering.24.［A］Her car is being repaired. ［B］She wants to help reduce pollution.［C］Parking is difficult in the city.［D］The cost of fuel has increased.25.［A］A fuel that burns cleanly.［B］An oil additive that helps cool engines.［C］A material from which filters are made.［D］An insulating material sprayed on engine partsSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.［A］From three to five months.［B］Three months. ［C］Five months.［D］Four months.27.［A］Watch traffic.［B］Obey commands.［C］Cross streets safely.［D］Guard the door.28.［A］Three weeks. ［B］Two weeks. ［C］Four weeks. ［D］Five weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.［A］Two to four times.［B］Four to six times.［C］Four to eight times.［D］Six to ten times.30.［A］Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.［B］People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.［C］People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills.［D］Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31.［A］People dream so as to sleep better.［B］People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.［C］Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.［D］Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.［A］A sales representative.［B］A store manager.［C］A committee chairperson.［D］A class president.33.［A］To determine who will graduate this year.［B］To discuss the seating arrangement.［C］To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.［D］To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34.［A］Their names, phone numbers and job preference.［B］The names and addresses of their guests.［C］The names of the committee they worked on last year.［D］Their dormitory name, address and phone number.35.［A］In an hour.［B］Next week.［C］In one month.［D］Next year.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the English (36)system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40)if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)for the Ordinary (43)of the General Certificate of Education. (44). Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45). Evenat the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46).Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking placeswere51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car drivingcustomers52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54areas to outlying malls. And the growing55of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.［A］designed ［F］convenience ［K］cosmetics［B］take ［G］services ［L］started［C］heart ［H］fame ［M］downtown［D］needed ［I］various ［N］available ［C］though ［H］popularity ［M］cheapnessSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalizationis a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptanceor rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?［A］All international managers can learn culture.［B］Business diversity is not necessary.［C］Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.［D］Most people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.［A］is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around ［B］is different from the model of McDonald’s［C］shows the reverse of globalization［D］has converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought.［A］both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures［B］both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries ［C］admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world［D］both A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.［A］who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity［B］who have connections to more than one type of culture［C］who want to travel abroad［D］who want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.［A］earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas［B］all have the quality of patience［C］will follow the overseas local cultures［D］adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speedof the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chorus and responses.62.The passage is mainly concerned with .［A］the different tastes of people for sports［B］the different characteristics of sports［C］the attraction of football［D］the attraction of baseball63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that. ［A］it is only to the taste of the old［B］it involves fewer players than football［C］it is not exciting enough［D］it is pretentious and looks funny64.The author admits that.［A］baseball is too peaceful for the young［B］baseball may seem boring when watched on TV［C］football is more attracting than baseball［D］baseball is more interesting than football65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).［A］the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game［B］even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the result［C］the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well［D］the consequence was so bad that he could not bear to see it66.We can safely conclude that the author.［A］likes football［B］hates football［C］hates baseball［D］likes baseballPart Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Who won the WorldCup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?67 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to69 the news. Newspapers have one basic70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to71 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 72inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the74and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers76 of the latest news, today’s newspapers77 and influence readers about politics and othe r important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’economic choices78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very79 . Newspapers are sold at a price that80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The82in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends84on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment85 in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper ’ s value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.67.［A］Just when［B］While［C］Soon after［D］Before68.［A］to give［B］giving［C］given［D］being given69.［A］gather［B］spread［C］carry［D］bring70.［A］reason［B］cause［C］problem［D］purpose71.［A］make［B］publish［C］know［D］write72.［A］another［B］other［C］one another［D］the other73.［A］However［B］And［C］Therefore［D］So74.［A］value［B］ratio［C］rate［D］speed75.［A］spread［B］passed［C］printed［D］completed76.［A］inform［B］be informed［C］to informed［D］informed77.［A］entertain［B］encourage［C］educate［D］edit78.［A］on［B］through［C］with［D］of79.［A］forms［B］existence［C］contents［D］purpose80.［A］tries to cover［B］manages to cover［C］fails to cover［D］succeeds in81.［A］source ［B］origin［C］course［D］finance82.［A］way［B］means［C］chance ［D］success83.［A］measures［B］measured［C］is measured［D］was measured84.［A］somewhat ［B］little［C］much［D］something85.［A］offering［B］offered［C］which offered［D］to be offered86.［A］by ［B］with［C］at［D］aboutPart Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means (想找麻烦).88.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本来不必从银行借钱的).89.(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.90.I (将做实验) from three to five this afternoon.91.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to (诉诸武力).参考答案及解析Part I Writing【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。
2023年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析(第一套)
2023年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析（第一套）第一部分：听力理解Section 1题目： What does the man imply? 选项： a. He could lend the woman some money. b. The woman should ask her brother for money. c. The woman should lend him some money. d. He could help the woman with her financial problem.解析：通过对对话内容的理解和推断，答案为b. The woman should ask her brother for money.Section 2题目： What does the woman suggest working on? 选项： a. The presentation slides. b. The design concept. c. The marketing strategy. d. The budget plan.解析：通过对对话内容的理解和推断，答案为d. The budget plan.…第二部分：阅读理解Passage 1题目：What is the main purpose of the passage? 选项： a. To encourage people to explore different cultures. b. To inform readers about the benefits of learning a second language. c. To analyze the impact of globalization on language learning. d. To introduce various language learning methods.解析：通过阅读全文内容的理解，答案为b. To inform readers about the benefits of learning a second language.Passage 2题目：What can be inferred about the ongoing research mentioned in the passage? 选项： a. It focuses on finding a cure for Alzheimer’s disease. b. It has not been successful so far.c. It may provide new insights into the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.d. It mainly involves the use of pharmaceutical drugs.解析：通过阅读全文内容的推断，答案为c. It may provide new insights into the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.…第三部分：完形填空题目：文章主要描述了什么？选项： a. 作者对人生象征的探讨。
长喜英语4级考前冲刺试题一(附答案)
4级考前冲刺试题一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Buy Books Online or in Bookstore? following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1. 有的人喜欢在网上书店买书2. 有的人却喜欢去传统书店买书3. 你的看法To Buy Books Online or in Bookstore?________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.Even Google won’t be around for ever, let alone FacebookIn the world of internet technology a company can go from zero to hero in a very short timeSome years ago, when the Google Books project, which aims to digitise all of the world’s printed books, was getting under way, the two co-founders of Google were having a meeting with the librarian of one of the universities that had signed up for the plan. At one point in the conversation, the Google boys noticed that their collaborator had suddenly gone rather quiet. One of them asked him what was the matter. “Well”, he replied, “I’m wondering what happens to all this stu ff when Google no longer exists.” Recounting the conversation to me later, he said: “I’ve never seen two young people looking so stunned (震惊的): the idea that Google might not exist one day had never crossed their minds.”And yet, of course, the librarian was right. He had to think about the next 400 years. But the number of commercial companies that are more than a century old is vanishingly small. Entrusting the world’s literary heritage to such transient (短暂的) organisations might not be entirely wise.Compared with my librarian friend, we have the attention span of newts. We are constantly overawed(使敬畏) by the size, wealth and dominance of whatever happens to be the current corporate giant. At the moment, the four leading monsters are Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon. Yet 18 years ago, Apple was weeks away from extinction, Amazon had just launched, Google was still three years away from incorporation and Facebook lay nine years into the future.At one level, all this proves is that in the technology world one can go from zero to hero is a very short time. (Or, in Apple’s case, from hero to zero and back to hero again in 36 years). Some of the industry’s greatest executives understood this very well. Andy Grove, for instance, who led Intel for 11 years, wa s famous for his mantra “Only the paranoid survive”. For many years—when he led Microsoft and before he embarked on saving the world—Bill Gates appeared to have the same sentiment tattooed on his forehead. And in both cases they turned out to be right: though Intel and Microsoft are still significant companies, their dominance has ended. The processors that dominatethe market for mobile devices are designed by ARM, a Cambridge company, not by Intel; and Microsoft’s monopolistic (垄断的) grip on the desktop computing market turned out to be a wastingasset.We understand pretty well the factors that determine the fortunes of companies that make things people buy—which is why, for example, one can predict that Apple won’t be able indefinitely to sustain its huge profit margins on its iDevices. Likewise, it’s pretty easy to predict where Amazon is headed: it aims to be the Walmart of the web, and is therefore likely to be around for quite a while. Google has a well understood and currently profitable business model and a hugetechnical infrastructure but ultimately is vulnerable(难防御的) to a well-resourced competitor armed with better search technology.This leaves Facebook, a company that has one billion products (called users) and earns its living by selling information about them to advertisers. Given that holders of Facebook accounts don’t pay for the service—and are therefore free to depart at any point—you’d have thought that its long-term durability would be questionable. And yet lots of informed and canny (精明的) investors disagree. They appear to regard the company as a sure-fire bet.The two key factors that will determine Facebook’s future are the power of network effects and the “stickiness” of its service—ie, the extent to which it can dissuade users from leaving. A network effect comes into play when the value of a product or service is dependent on the number of people using it. A telephone network with a million subscribers is infinitely more valuable then one with only 10. In technological ecosystems, network effects are very powerful: they explain, for example, how Microsoft came to dominate the market for desktop operating and office systems.In the early days of online social networking there were a range of different, incompatible (不兼容的) networks—Friendster, Orkut, MySpace and Facebook. But, over time, Facebook won out by attracting more users and growing more quickly than the others. And the more quickly it grew, the more powerful the network effect became, with the result that it is now the de facto (实际上存在的) standard for social networking. In fact, it is now so dominant that millions of people aroundthe world think that Facebook is the internet.If you put your faith in network effects, therefore, Facebook looks like a good investment because it’ll be around for the long term. If people want to do social networking, then it’ll be the only game in town. Facebook users will constitute a captive market and will be correspondingly exploited. And the company will be regulated as a monopoly.Which is where “stickiness” comes in. How much exploitation will users tolerate before they decide to quit? We know a lot about network effects but relatively little about this, which is why a new study by three scientists at the Swiss university ETH Zurich makes interesting reading. They examined several social networking services, seeking to identify what makes them resilient and what could cause them to decline. And they performed an empirical autopsy on a failed service—Friendster—using data gathered just before it closed. The key determinants of success or failure were (i) the average number of friends that users have and (ii) whether the difficulty of using the site comes to outweigh the perceived benefits. Facebook is doing OK on the first of these criteria but—in my experience—becoming increasingly vulnerable on the second as the company tries to “monetise (货币化)” its users. If Mark Zuckerberg’s empire can’t square this circle then not even the power of network effects will save it in the long run.1. When the librarian mentioned that Google might not exist one day, the two founder of the company ______.A) had expected the problemB) made a quick angry replyC) were extremely surprisedD) looked very frightened2. What does the author say about today’s commercial companies?A) Some of them will grow into corporate giants.B) They are doomed to failure from the start.C) They can help protect the literary heritage.D) Most of them were founded not long ago.3. According to the passage, what happened to Apple 18 years ago?A) It got very close to bankruptcy.B) It merged with a large company.C) It gained dominance in the market.D) It had just been established in the US.4. Some of the greatest executives knew well that in the technology world ______.A) nobody will be able to reproduce the success of AppleB) it will take quite a long time for a company to expandC) only through innovation can one achieve continued successD) a company can go from zero to hero in a very short time5. What is the fortune of Amazon according to the author’s analysis?A) It will take the place of Walmart.B) It will exist for a fairly long time.C) It may be taken over by its rival.D) It may lose the leading position soon.6. How do informed and clever investors see Facebook?A) Its business model is wrong in some way.B) It is a worthwhile investment in the long run.C) It is unlikely to profit by providing free services.D) It should be invested only in the short term.7. The example of M icrosoft’s gaining dominance in the desktop operating system shows that ______.A) free services are a big advantageB) technological updates are necessaryC) network effects are very powerfulD) the user number is not important8. In fact, the effect of Facebook became so powerful that it is now the standard for __________________________.9. Facebook seems a good investment to those who __________________________ network effects.10. According to the author, Facebook becomes __________________________ on the second of the criteria for deciding a social network’s success or failure.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.11. A) He read the newspaper. C) He listened to a radio report.B) He read the cabinet report. D) His secretary telephoned him.12. A) Lower the rent of his apartment. C) Rent his apartment to the local newspaper.B) Put an advertisement in a newspaper. D) Find a potential renter during the in-season.13. A) To have a rest. C) To take cold drugs.B) To see a doctor. D) To listen carefully.14. A) She will treat the man tonight.B) She’d like to lend money to the man.C) The man will also have lots of money soon.D) The man shouldn’t have spent all his money.15. A) The company will beat other companies in business.B) The failure of the football team was just as expected.C) The company will not sponsor the football team.D) The football team fell short of the company’s expectations.16. A) They are short of hands. C) They will not hire more people.B) The man needs more chances. D) The man will have a chance to take a holiday.17. A) Results of genetic research. C) The way to get the blood sample.B) The blood sample collection. D) Religious concern about genetic research.18. A) He has no choice but to go home in a minute.B) He is unable to have a drink with the woman.C) He’ll join the woman after the report is finished.D) He’s very happy to accept the woman’s invitation.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To ask for help finding a job.B) To ask him to give her some advice.C) To invite him to go shopping with her later.D) To find out what he’s doing during the summer.20. A) She might get a good job later.B) She could stay at a hotel at a discount.C) She might be able to get course credits for her work.D) It would give her a chance to make a lot of money immediately.21. A) Its strictness about punctuality. C) Its expensive rent.B) Its long-hour work. D) Its lower pay.22. A) Visit the hotel. C) Continue her job search for a while.B) Work in the clothing store. D) Make extra money while taking classes.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) The agents failed to deliver the wine.B) The consumers are not satisfied with the wine.C) The wine isn’t of the same brand as she ordered.D) The goods can’t get through the customs.24. A) Sometimes they are unreliable. C) On the whole they can be trusted.B) Obviously they have made a mistake. D) Generally speaking, they are very helpful.25. A) To ask the switchboard operator to take the message.B) To have the operator connect him to another office.C) To tell his forwarding agents to investigate the stuck goods.D) To send her enough amount of wine as quickly as possible.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) He told no one about his disease.B) He worked hard to pay for his medication.C) He depended on the nurses in his final days.D) He had stayed in the hospital since he fell ill.27. A) She wanted to obey her mother.B) She found no one willing to listen to her.C) She thought it was shameful to have AIDS.D) She was afraid of being looked down upon.28. A) To remember her father.B) To draw people’s attention to AIDS.C) To show how little people knew about AIDS.D) To tell people about the sufferings of her father.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) Your eyesight. C) The mechanical condition of your car.B) Your driving ability. D) Your knowledge of traffic regulations.30. A) To practice driving with an experienced driver.B) To drive under normal highway condition.C) To have the car checked by the license officer.D) To use it as an identification card.31. A) The license office provides the test vehicle.B) The examiner shows how to start, stop or park.C) The examiner watches you driving in your car.D) The test is carried out where there is little traffic.32. A) Drivers-to-be. C) License examiners.B) Traffic regulation makers. D) Policemen.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) She felt tired of taking care of patients.B) She had suffered a lot of mental pressure.C) She needed the right time to look after her children.D) She wanted to earn more money to support her family.34. A) They look like people raising pigs. C) They never do their work carefully.B) They look down upon cleaners. D) They always make a mess in their offices.35. A) Light-hearted because of her fellow workers.B) Happy because the building is fully lit.C) Tired because of the heavy workload.D) Bored because time passed slowly.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill inthe missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you havejust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you should check what you have written.Many businesses, such as department stores, restaurants, hotels and airline companies, use a credit system for selling their products and (36) _________. In a credit system, the seller (37)_________ to sell something to the buyer without (38) _________ receiving cash. The buyer (39) _________ the goods or services immediately and (40) _________ to pay for them later. This “buy-now-pay-later” credit system is quite old. People have been buying things on credit for centuries. But (41) _________ people use credit cards. There are two types of credit cards. One type is (42) _________ directly by a store to a customer. Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers. The store credit card can be used to make (43) _________ only at a particular store. The other kind of credit card is issued by a credit company. (44) ___________________________________________________________________. If you have a major credit card, you can buy airplane ticket, stay at hotels, and eat at restaurants with it. (45) ___________________________________________________________________. So if you want a credit card from a credit company, you generally have to make an application at a bank. (46) ___________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Women’s Day marks the role of women in both the past and the present. It was started to 47 the importance of working women and bring their problems to 48 . However, 49 the day is not a one-day agenda. The real challenge lies in the natural flow of feelings — honoring and celebrating womanhood on a particular March 8 only to forget its importance the next day is 50 . In countries like South Africa, the people celebrate the national Women’s Day on 9 August every year with a variety of event s. Women’s Day on 9 August marks the day, in 1956, when 20,000 women 51 on the Union Buildings in Pretoria to protest against one of the cornerstones of apartheid — the passed laws. The countries will nowadays celebrate the month of August, by a ceremony 52 women in politics and decision-making positions, and awarding them certificates of honor. InternationalWomen’s Day was 53 in the United States during the 1910s and 1920s, but then 54 . It was revived during the women’s movement in the 1960s, but without its socialist associations. In 1981, the U.S. Congress passed a 55 establishing National Women’s History Week. Since its founding, the National Women’s History Project has recognized and celebrated the rich and 56 contributions of women to the history and culture of the United States.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. WeA) declined I) essentially B) celebrating J) highlight C) paraded K) disrespectful D) commemorated L) diminished E) lightM) varied F) resolution N) promoting G) marchedO) determinationH) increasinglyunconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.57. The time needed in making decisions may ______.A) vary according to the urgency of the situationB) prove the complexity of our brain reactionC) depend on the importance of the assessmentD) predetermine the accuracy of our judgment58. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ______.A) can be associativeB) are not unconsciousC) can be dangerousD) are not impulsive59. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ______.A) trust our first impressionB) do as people usually doC) think before we actD) ask for expert advice60. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on ______.A) critical assessmentB) “thin sliced” studyC) sensible explanationD) adequate information61. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ______.A) tolerantB) uncertainC) optimisticD) doubtfulPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens (外国的) fit for deportation(驱逐出境). That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle (横跨) laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while withoutcommitting themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.62. According to the passage, “b irds of passage” refers to those who ______.A) immigrate across the AtlanticB) leave their home countries for goodC) stay in a foreign country temporarilyD) find permanent jobs overseas63. It is implied in the second paragraph that the current immigration system in the US ______.A) needs new immigrant categoriesB) has loosened control over immigrantsC) should be adopted to meet challengesD) has been fixed via political means64. According to the author, what do today’s birds of passage want?A) Financial incentives.B) A global recognition.C) Opportunities to get regular jobs.D) The freedom to stay and leave.65. What does the author suggest do in the end of the passage?A) Force all illegal immigrants to leave US for good.B) Abolish the current immigrant managing system.C) Treat today’s birds of passage with legal tolerance.D) Introduce stricter immigration quotas in America.66. The author intends to tell us that it is a big mistake to ______.A) be tolerant toward illegal immigrantsB) give permanent residence to aliensC) link specific migrants to specific jobsD) see all immigrants as legal or illegalPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE thatbest fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its 67 force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most 68 in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The 69 of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more 70 , more traveling, the overloading of public services and 71 to those deviants (不正常的人) and criminals who are 72 to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always 73 in the relative anonymity (匿名) of urban life, 74 today’s ease of movement makes its 75 more difficult than ever; there is much evidence 76 its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become 77 in their homes by the fear of crime around them.As a defense 78 these 67. A) challenging C) mobilizingB) motivating D) interacting68. A) infinite C) excessiveB) intense D) intricate69. A) presence C) combinationB) encounter D) diffusion70. A) disputes C) conflictsB) quarrels D) interference71. A) confrontation C) absorptionB) exposure D) admission72. A) compelled C) inducedB) driven D) drawn73. A) heightened C) declinedB) flourished D) swung74. A) moreover C) andB) provided D) but75. A) management C) commitmentB) isolation D) control76. A) that C) whichB) what D) because77. A) trapped C) surroundedB) blocked D) confined78. A) of C) toward。
大学英语四级考试考前冲刺试卷(一)答案详解
（7）做 出 总 结 ，并 进 行 主 题 的 延 伸 。
—
11 —
闪光词汇
enthusiasm China fever enhance culture exchange 流 to sum up
n. 热 情 中国热 v. 加 强 文化交 总之
版权所有 翻印必究
phenomenon comprehensive strength appeal to arouse
4. 【答 案 】C
— 13 —
版权所有 翻印必究
【解 析 】信 息 明 示 题 。 由 21 people have been rescued.可 知 ，21 人 已 经 被 营 救 了 ，故 选 C。 News Item 3
There has been modest growth in tourism worldwide, despite 2 years of terrorism, war and disease. And China is the engine driving it, according to the World Tourism Organization. International tourist numbers reached a record 702 million last year, a rise, of 2.7 percent over 2001, the year of the September 11 attacks. France remains the most popular destination, receiving more than 77 million visitors, followed by Spain, United States, and Italy. China, however, marked 11 percent growth over that period, attracting 36.8 million international visitors. It ranks fifth among leading tourism nations. By 2020, it will be top, with predictions of 130 million visitors per year. Chinese themselves are also becoming a major force as travelers. According to a Xinhua report, over 16.6 million Chinese traveled abroad last year, up 37 percent from the previous year. Their numbers are expected to grow to 30 million by the end of the decade, and 100 million in 2020. 5. Which country ranks second among leading tourism nations? 6. How many visitors will China receive by 2020 according to the predication? 7. According to a Xinhua report, what percent did the number of Chinese traveling abroad increase last year? 5. 【答 案 】C
2020年大学英语四级考前押题卷及答案解析完整版
【高分版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will
As we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved. There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.
C. so that we don’t break any rules.
D. so that we don’t run into trouble.
【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
【解析】关键词是identify the risks，关键句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. 所以答案很明显是A。
2020年大学英语四级考前押题卷及答案解析完整版
Part I Writing
【标准版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will
新东方：英语四级考试模拟冲刺卷 含答案
新东方：英语四级考试模拟冲刺卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter based on the outline below. You should write at least 120 words. You live in a room in college whi ch you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at t he college.1）要求下学期换一个新房间。
2）解释原因。
3）要求单间。
答题卡Part II Reading (skimming and scanning) (15 minutes)Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly a nd answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 17,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B）,C）,and D）.For questions 8—10,complete the se ntences with the information given in the passage.The Modern Olympic GamesThe Modern Olympic Games might have remained just a part of history without th e dream of one Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin. Coubertin believed that sport and exe rcise were very important for the health and happiness of every man and also for the nation. He therefore tried, in 1892, to interest other Frenchmen in his dream of starting a modern form of the early Greek Games. His ideas were strongly criticized by many people, who did not really understand what he was trying to do. It is perhaps sad that the great work Pierre de Coubertin did to bring back the Games was never properly r ecognized during his lifetime. Gradually, however, people all over the world became int erested in his ideas and at a meeting in Paris in 1894, with representatives from twelve different countries; plans were made to hold the first modern Games in Athens in 1899.Organizing the first modern Games, however, was not without problems. The Gree k government was unhappy with the decision to hold the Games in Athens, as they ha d serious economic problems at the time and did not feel they were in a position to sp end the necessary money. It seemed therefore that the Games would be finished befor e they had even begun. Prince Constantine of Greece, however, gave his support to C oubertin and the newly-formed Olympic Committee and other rich Greeks soon followed his example. Enough money was collected in Greece and abroad to build a new stadi um and pay all the other costs.On 5th April, 1896, a crowd of over 60 000 people watched the King of Greece o pen the first modernOlympic Games. There were, however, very few competitors －only two hundred and eighty-five. Australia, Austria, Britain, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, H ungary, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA, were the only countries to send athletes to the Games and most of the athletes who did come had to pay for their own travel an d other costs. There were ten sports in the first program －cycling, gymnastics, tennis, swimming, athletics, fencing, weight-lifting, rowing, wrestling and shooting; there were a lso other non-sporting events, such as concerts and ballet, just as there had been at t he early Games.At the first modern Olympics almost all the gold medals were won by American s portsmen, but the most famous of all the first medal winners was a young Greek named Spyros Louis, who came from a small village in the mountains near Athens. It was he who won the long and difficult race, the Marathon, and gave the Greeks the national win they had hoped for.The Greeks would have been happy to keep the Games in Greece but Coubertin believed strongly that the Olympics should be truly international and would not allow thi s to happen. It was therefore decided to hold the next Games in Paris in 1900. Sadly, however, the Paris Games and the following Games, held in St. Louis, America, in 19 04, were poor examples of Coubertin's dream and Coubertin himself did not even trave l to the St. Louis Games. For these two Games were more like circus shows than seri ous international sports meetings. Only fifteen non-Americans went to the 1904 Games, mainly because the high travel costs prevented others from competing. Olympic events were mixed with other sports and events, and the Games were organized to continue over many months, so that as much money as possible could be made by the organiz ers from the selling of tickets.It was not until 1908, when the Games were held in London, that international rul es and distances were introduced；until then the events had been the decision of the o rganizing nation alone. The London Games were far better organized than any of the o ther modern Games but it took many more years before Coubertin's dream of a truly i nternational meeting of sportsmen became a reality. It was necessary to make many ch anges before the Olympic Games became as well-organized and as popular as they ar e today.Since 1896 the Games have been held every four years, except for a break durin g the years of the two World Wars. Gradually the number of competitors who take part in each Games has grown and so has the number of countries. In 1896, only thirteen countries were represented and only two hundred and eighty-five competitors took part. Today, however, as many as one hundred and twenty-two countries send athletes to t he Games and more than seven thousand men and women come to the Games to tak e part. In recent years, the number of events has grown to twenty-one, eleven of whic h are also open to women.It is interesting that Coubertin, whose ideas were born in the late nineteenth centu ry, probably never imagined that women would ever play a part in the new Olympics. Women had never competed in the early Greek Games; indeed, for many years they w ere not even allowed to watch. In modern times, the London Games in 1908 were the first in which women took a serious part －36 women came to the Games to compete. The first woman to win an Olympic event was the British Tennis Player, Charlotte Coo per, who won a tennis event in 1900. From 1908, however, the number of events bega n to grow with the introduction of ladies’ gymnastics. Athletics events for women were i ntroduced in 1928 at the Games held in Amsterdam. Today, women are as highly-train ed and as fit as men. Although in almost every sport women and men compete separa tely, in horse-riding events they compete against each other and women have shown o ver the years that they are just as good.The International Olympic Committee, whose home is in Lausanne in Switzerland, is responsible for all the important decisions of the Olympic Movement. The members o f this committee are chosen not by their governments but by members already on the committee and they are therefore above politics or group interests. Most of the members are simply rich m en who wish to keep Coubertin’s ideas alive. Not every country is r epresented, therefore, because this would mean more than 120 members and no decisi ons would ever be made.However, each country must form a National Olympic Committee before it is allow ed to send competitors to the games and this committee must be recognized by the In ternational Olympic Committee. At present, more than 136 countries have formed such a committee. The National Committees are responsible for organizing the national team s and for deciding which competitors to send. Competitors cannot choose to go to the Games －they must be chosen and this means competing against their own countrym en. It is not even enough to be the best in the country, for each competitor must be a ble to reach the standard expected for entry to the Games. These standards change e ach year as sportsmen and sportswomen improve. Some countries are not able to sen d all the competitors they would like to, even if they have reached the expected standa rd, because of the cost. The National Committee must then decide whether to send the competitors who have the most chance of winning or whether, instead, to send compe titors to represent each sport even though some of them have little hope of doing well.Not only the competitors but also the team manager must be paid for. The manag er is an extremely important member of the team；he is responsible for the competitors while they are at the Games and his job includes, for example, getting the competitors to each event on time and helping with medical or personal problems. Most countries ask the people for money to help pay for the costs of travel and training. A lot of mon ey is given by businesses and companies who also give, for example, clothes, shoes a nd uniforms.The city where the Games are to be held is chosen by the International Olympic Committee；this is usually decided five years before the Games are to take place. Sev eral cities may wish to hold the Games in any one year and the Committee decides o nly after it has listened to and seen the arguments and plans of each city. Once chose n, the city then has five years to prepare.1. Coubertin planned to hold the first modern Olympic Games in_________ in Ath ens.A. 1894B. 1896C. 1899D. 19002. The competitors of the first Olympic Games came from all of the following coun tries EXCEPT__________.A. UKB. HungaryC. SwitzerlandD. Norway3. Which of the following was NOT part of the first Olympic Games?A. concertsB. circusC. fencingD. boxing4. According to the passage, the most successful modern Olympic Games was the one held in_________A. Athens, GreeceB. St. Louis, AmericaC. Paris, FranceD. London, UK5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Women were not allowed to participate in the ancient Olympics.B. Women were not allowed to watch the Olympic Games in the past.C. Women appeared in the Amsterdam Olympic Games.D. Before 1908 there were no women in the Olympic Games.6. Women and men always compete separately except in_______A. tennisB. racingC. swimmingD. horse-riding7. What do we learn about the International Olympic Committee (IOC)?A. Every country has its representatives in IOC.B. The representatives in IOC speak for their own countries.C. Most representatives in IOC are wealthy.D. The representatives in IOC are elected by their own country.8. It was _________________ that are responsible for organizing the national tea ms and for deciding which competitors to send.9. Both the competitors and ___________ must be paid for.10. Every city chosen to hold the Olympic Games usually have___ to preparePart III Listening Comprehension (35mins)Section ADirections: In part A, you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The questions and the questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.11. A Go to the football match with the woman.B Ask the woman to help him write the term paper on history.C Finish the last tow chapters of history assignment.D Take part in the football match.12. A she wants to borrow the man’s student cardB the tickets are less expensive than she expectedC she won’t be able to get any discount for the ticketD the performance turns out to be disappointing13. A it’s far from being ready B it contains some valuable ideasC she needs another week to get it readyD it has nothing to do with the internet14. A He is suffering from the difference of time zones.B He has been studying hard at night.C He finds biology difficult fo learn.D He has not adjusted to a new culture.15. A A lesson requires student’s active involvementB students usually take an active part in a lectureC more knowledge is covered in a lectureD there is a larger group of people interested in lesson16.A The pictures of night view are really better than he expectedB He didn’t k now how he finished his role in the playC The film hasn’t been processed yetD He didn’t have enough film17. A He often complains. B he is a short person.C He is worried about something.D He is a happy sort of person.18. A He can’t miss the bank. B She forgot to tell him one thing.C It’s no use going there.D The bank is close to the corner. Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard19. A A vacation trip to Yellowstone ParkB A lecture by a visiting professorC Her biology thesisD A research project on Yellowstone Park20. A More buffalo are surviving the winterB Fewer buffalo are dying of diseaseC More buffalo are being bornD Fewer buffalo are being killed by hunters21. A She is from Wyoming and eager to visit Yellowstone ParkB She needs the money to continue her studyingC She has been studying animal diseasesD Her thesis adviser is heading the projectQuestions 22-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A) She knew about it by reading a booklet.B) She knew about it by reading a student union introduction.C) She knew about it by reading a newspaper.D) She knew about it by reading a magazine.23.A) Because they want to preserve the natural beauty of the campus.B) Because they want to protect the students’ right for living space.C) Because they want to conserve the place for future use.D) Because they want to sell the place for a better price.24. A) They will organize a meeting to discuss a proposal.B) They will organize a protest to express their opposition.C) They will organize an appeal-letter signing activity.D) They will organize a march around the campus.25. A) She will participate in the protest.B) She will sign the appeal letter.C) She will take part in a meeting of the Student Action Union.D) She will attend her class as usual.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A How much exercise they get every day?B What they are most worried about?C How long their parents accompany them daily?D What entertainment they are interested in?27. A get enough entertainmentB have more activitiesC receive early educationD have regular checkups28. A be no place for playB be near a common areaC have no TV setsD have a computer for studyPassage TwoQuestions 29-32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) To look for two of her close friends.B) To stay at home and study.C) To share an apartment with friends.D) To move out and live alone.30. A) She couldn’t find a good place to stay.B) Her friend and she couldn’t afford the rent.C) A friend left he r for work’s sake.D) She quarreled with her friends.31. A) Because her home was far way form school.B) Because her parents asked her to do so.C) Because she was bored living outside.D) Because the place where she lived caught fire.32. A) Because she was disappointed in the college.B) Because she kept moving all the time and couldn’t concentrate on studying.C) Because her home was too far away from school and it was inconvenient.D) Because she was not interested in study at all.Passage ThreeQuestions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Italian people.B) German people.C) British people.D) French people.34. A) Wash the dishes.B) Have her own meal.C) Make plans for other activities.D) Serve some wine.35. A) OddB) CrazyC) RegularD) RomanticSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, youshould check what you have written.The Romans built great “aqueducts”to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Roman (36) _____even set up a (37)___ health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people.When the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these (38) _____ methods of treatment (39) _____ from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions, which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the (40) _____. They shut up (41) _____ sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have (42) _____ powers. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost.Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean countries. They took big parts of the old (43)_____ lands. (44) ______________________________ Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries.(45)___________________________________________ Slowly, European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. (46) ____________________________Part IV Reading comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following t he passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each cho ice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The song “Happy birthday to you” is sung all over the world just before the birthd ay boy or girl blows out the candles on the cake.It is so simple that children as young as three can sing it without ___47___. The song, with its ___48___ title “Good Morning to You”, was wr itten in 1893 by the two si sters, Mildred and Patty Smith Hill. They were the daughters of a ___49___ Kentucky couple, who believed in female education at a time---the mid-nineteenth century--- when it was still a ___50___ idea and who trained their two daughters to be schoolteachers. They were long involved in elementary education.A birthday cake with ___51___ candles is also indispensable at one's birthday par ty. It may derive, ___52___, from the ancient Greek practice of offering to Artemis, goddess of the moon, a round honey cake into which a candle was stuck. After German b akers ___53___ the modern birthday cake in the Middle Ages, a similar ___54___ was adopted for happiness at birthdays.The candle-blowing-out custom may be associated with double meaning at birthda ys. Some people believe that each birthday is another step toward the end, and what we ___55___ at birthday gatherings is not only our growth, but our transience. Thus, c andles at birthdays are ___56___ of life and death, hopes and fears, increase and loss, and so on.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语四级模拟测试(一)(附答案)
听力（略）Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and you should decide which is the best choice. (40 points)Passage 1Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars, but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are necessary part of life.Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and neighbors' children as well. Another drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.26. Many families in the U.S. own cars because ________.A) cars are a source of pleasure for themB) they need a car to form a car poolC) they live more than a mile away from the schoolD) cars form necessary part in their life27. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned though they certainly drive cars?A) Office workers.B) Police and mail carriers.C) Salesmen and farmers.D) Factory workers.28. Paragraph 3 suggests that in the United States ________.A) children have to walk to schoolB) school buses take all the children to schoolC) mothers drive children to schoolD) families usually live within a mile from the school29. "A car pool" most probably means ________.A) a number of people sharing the use of a carB) a place for parking carsC) a group of tourists driving alternativelyD) a place for learning to drive30. What is the author's advice about the use of cars?A) To provide larger parking spaces.B) To build better roads.C) To produce fewer automobiles.D) To form more car pools.Passage 2Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Recent fires have destroyed much of Indonesian forests and pose the latest threat to the survival of the endangered orangutans（红毛猿）. Thirty orangutans fleeing their burning forest home have been killed by villagers, who see the animals as crop raiders. Orangutan mothers have been killed so that their young can be captured and sold into the illegal wildlife pet trade. Orangutan experts continue to receive orangutan infants whose mothers have been killed while searching for food in plantations and fields.The fires, caused by drought and coupled with fire-setting methods to clear forests, have destroyed more than two million acres. When fire gets into the rainforests' layer of dry peat (partly decayed plant material which covers the soil), it can burn slowly off and on for months or years after the original fire. These fires continue until heavy rainfall soaks the peat through and through. Orangutans once numbered in the hundreds of thousands, but their population has dropped to roughly 25 000 due to fire, the destruction of forests from felling trees for timber and agriculture, and losses linked to the live-animal trade. Before the fires, only 40 percent of the orangutans' original habitat remained, and now, their habitat has become even smaller.31. What can be the best title for this passage?A) Fires Drive Orangutans to Danger.B) Orangutans Are Precious Animals.C) Fires in Indonesia Keep on Flaming.D) Orangutans Endanger the Crops of Indonesia.32. Which of the following is true about villagers?A) They set fire in order to kill orangutans for food.B) They are ignorant of wild life pets trade.C) They dislike orangutans because they destroy crops.D) They continue to receive orangutans infants.33. According to this passage, fires in Indonesia ________.A) will not end until it starts to rainB) will be eventually put out by human effortC) will die out when the winds stop blowingD) will only stop when the peat is totally wet34. Some people buy orangutans because ________.A) they want to save orangutansB) they want to keep orangutans as petsC) they want to build new homes for orangutansD) they want to take care of orangutan infants35. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decreasing of orangutans in Indonesia?A) The forests have been burned to make land for agriculture.B) Most of orangutans' forests have been destroyed.C) Mother orangutans have been caught and sold in pet-animal market.D) Trees have been cut down for human profits.Passage 3Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Don't try kicking the tires on a very modern and strange car developed by students at Coventry University. Not only does the car have no tires, it has no steering wheel, either.The Coventry Concept Car, as it is called is a completely new design that looks more like a snail（蜗牛）than an automobile. No working model, or functional form of the vehicle exists yet, but its designers recently introduced a life-sized model and explained how a real one would work. Electric motors would move rapidly undulating pad（形成波浪状气垫）underneath the car; moving the vehicle in any direction at speeds up to 480 km per hour. The motion would be a much faster way of crawling ? the way snails move. (Muscles in the bottom of a snail's flat foot contract （收缩）in waves that push the snail along the ground.)Steering of the snail car would be handled automatically by an onboard computer, which would receive signals from orbiting satellites. Those signals would help guide the snail car along a preprogrammed route.Even the car's color could be computer-controlled, the student designer suggested. Instead of a painted out appearance, the snail car would sport an electronically sensitive film that changes color according to its surroundings.36. The Coventry Concept Car is designed mainly based on ________.A) the appearance of a snailB) the movement of a snailC) the life-size of a snailD) the behavior of a snail37. Which of the following is true about the Coventry Concept Car?A) Its first working model can run at 480 km per hour.B) Its direction is controlled by a steering wheel.C) It moves in all directions on a pair of flat feet.D) It travels automatically along preprogrammed routes.38. The color of the car can be changed ______.A) by applying different films onto its exteriorB) automatically in accordance with its surroundingsC) by signals received by the car computerD) according to the customer's requirement39. The word "sport" in the last but one line most probably means _______.A) applyB) wearC) runD) notice40. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A) A Car at a Speed of a SnailB) A Computer-Controlled Electronic VehicleC) A Car Without Tires and Steering WheelD) A Car with No Functional FormPassage 4Question 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?Many people are afraid to assert themselves（坚持自己的权利）. Dr. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always a 'superior' around: a parent, a teacher, a boss who 'knows better'."But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help those people assert themselves. They offer "Assertiveness Training" courses ? AT for short. In the AT course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger motive ? the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense. You go by the other person's label. But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.41. The problem the writer talks about is that _______.A) some people buy things they don't wantB) some people are afraid of arguing for themselvesC) there are too many "superiors" around usD) there is too much pressure from our society42. The cause of the problem discussed in this passage is that _______.A) some people have a low self-imageB) there is always someone around who "knows better"C) salesmen talk people into buying things they don't wantD) people don't share opinions in a group43. The set-up of our society often _______.A) makes people distrust themselvesB) makes things more favorable for "superiors"C) keeps people from knowing as much as their "superiors"D) helps people to learn to speak up for their rights44. A T is one solution to the problem in this passage, but one thing AT doesn't promote is to help people ________.A) to share their feelingsB) to have a right to be oneselfC) to overcome their fear before othersD) to be more aggressive45. The title for this passage could be ________.A) Assertiveness TrainingB) Loss of Self-respectC) The Importance of Human RightsD) Share Your Feelings with OthersPart III Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. (10 points)46. Those high school students _____ to computer games will usually lose interest in their studies.A) absorbed B) addicted C) approached D) adapted47. What did you put in your suitcase? It's almost _____ mine.A) four times as heavy as B) four times heavier as C) as four times heavy as D) as heavy as four times48. In some countries today, it is still illegal for doctors to help a woman have a(n) _____.A) pregnancy B) abortion C) miscarriage D) embryo49. Metal _____ when cooled and expands when heated.A) decreases B) reduces C) condenses D) contracts50. The employees were afraid to ask for a salary raise _____ they should lose their jobs.A) lest B) or else C) so that D) in order that51. There has been a heated controversy over the new traffic _____ forbidding automobiles in downtown during the daytime.A) laws B) bans C) alerts D) regulations52. She has won a _____ prize for her poems published in the past 10 years.A) privileged B) awarded C) prestigious D) rewarded53. Each man and woman must sign _____ full names before entering the examination room.A) his B) her C) their D) one's49. Giving the child problems he can't solve will only ________ him.A) frustrate B) challenge C) conquer D) press54. It is pleasant to see that the whole community has participated in this environmental action with great _____.A) validity B) vow C) vigor D) vision55. As they can't have a child of their own, they're going to _____ a little girl.A) adapt B) adopt C) adjust D) receive56. It's no use _____ wit him. You might as well argue with a stone wall.A) arguing B) of arguing C) in arguing D) to argue57. The official figures of unemployment revealed that millions of citizens could hardly make a _____ living.A) honest B) decent C) appropriate D) suitable58. The company has been found guilty violating copyright laws _____ a regular _____.A) for ... reason B) by ... way C) on ... basis D) to ... degree59. Believe it or not, he arrived in America with only 25 dollars _____.A) by his name B) to his name C) in his name D) with his name60. _____ is no reason for dismissing her.A) A few minutes late B) Owing to a few minutes late C) Because she was a few minutes late D) Being a few minutes late61. I handed in the application two months ago, but I have not received any response _____.A) in date B) out of date C) to date D) on date62. In the course of a day our students do far more than just _____ classes.A) attending B) attended C) to attend D) attend63. The newspaper didn't mention its secret _____ who provided the information for the event.A) resource B) source C) origin D) cause64. The clothes a person wears may express his _____ or social position.A) state B) significance C) determination D) status65. If I hadn't turned off the power before you touched the wires, you _____ now.A) wouldn't have smiled B) didn't smile C) wouldn't be smiling D) couldn't have smiledPart IV TranslationSection A:Directions: Read the following passage and translate the 5 underlined sentences into Chinese.(5 points)(66) To be successful at business, you not only have to be good at what you do, but you have to be good at letting others know how good you are at what you do. You have to come up with a plan to get your product or service in the market place. You have to come up with a marketing plan. (67) This marketing plan involves two parts: you have to figure out who the market is; and you have to make the product or service known to that market. These two work together.It is a rare case in marketing when a product has appeal to everyone regardless of sex, age, income level or special interests. (68) The more typical case is that a product will appeal to a limited group of people who are willing to put down their hard-earned dollars to buy what you have to sell.(69) The basic question to keep in mind as you develop your marketing plan is: Who would want to buy the type of product I make and how can I develop it to be saleable to these special people? Once you define your market, you often have to modify your product to fit that market. Sometimes the answer to this question is clear and logical. Often, however, a business person has to do some research and experimentation to find the answer. (70) Many a business has failed because people didn't consider this obvious but critical question: Who is the market?66. ____________________________________________________________________________67.____________________________________________________________________________68. ____________________________________________________________________________69. ____________________________________________________________________________70. ____________________________________________________________________________Section BDirections: In this section, you will translate 5 sentences below into English. (10 points)71. 一群科学家上周在一次新闻发布会上宣布的克隆计划在全世界引起了轩然大波。
4级考前冲刺试题一参考答案及录音文本
4级考前冲刺试题一参考答案及录音文本4 级考前冲刺试题一参考答案及录音文本参考答案Part I Writing【参考范文】To Buy Books Online or in Bookstore?When it comes to where we should buy books, online or in bookstore, different people will offer different opinions. Some people prefer to buy books online, while others would like to buy books in bookstore. As to me, I would rather buy books in bookstore than online.It is incontestable that buying books online has great advantages. For example, the books are much cheaper than those in bookstore. But when there is quality problem, it is not so easy to ask for a refund. The following reasons can account for my preference.First, buying books in bookstore can ensure that the books we buy are what we need. A good example to illustrate is that we can stay at bookstore to learn about the book we want to buy in detail. Second, we may discover the quality problem before we pay for the book. Third, we can get the book we want as soon as we pay for it without waiting for several days. To conclude, to buy books in bookstore has incomparable advantages.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. C)2. D)3. A)4. D)5. D)6. B)7. B)8. social networking 9. put their faith in 10. increasingly vulnerablePart III Listening Comprehension11. A) 12. B) 13. A) 14. A) 15. A) 16. C) 17. B) 18. B) 19. B) 20.A)21. D) 22. D) 23. D) 24. C) 25. A) 26. A) 27. D) 28. B) 29. D) 30.A)31. C) 32. A) 33. C) 34. D) 35. A)36. services 37. agrees 38. immediately 39. receives40. promises 41. nowadays 42. issued 43. purchases44. Credit cards from credit companies can be used to buy things almost anywhere45. Most large credit companies are connected to large banks46. After an applicant receives a credit card, he or she can use the card to make purchasesPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. J) 48. E) 49. I) 50. K) 51. G) 52. N) 53. D) 54. A) 55. F) 56. M)57. A) 58. A) 59. C) 60. D) 61. C) 62. C) 63. C) 64. D) 65. C) 66.D)Part V Cloze67. B) 68. B) 69. A) 70. C) 71. B) 72. D) 73. B) 74. D) 75. D) 76.A)77. A) 78. B) 79. A) 80. C) 81. B) 82. D) 83. C) 84. A) 85. C) 86.B)Part VI Translation87. would never have missed the chance88. be measured purely by examination results89. adjusted to the harsh weather there90. do they know about German91. at the thought of meeting him录音文本Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. W: Mr. Johnson, have you heard the morning news report? Mill has resigned his post as PrimeMinister.M: I didn’t turn on the radio this morning, but I did see the headlines. If you remember, he threatened to leave the office at the last cabinet meeting.Q: How did Mr. Johnson learn that the Prime Minister has resigned?12. M: I am assigned the work to Africa for one year and I want to rent my apartment during thisperiod. But still no one would rent it.W: It is the off-season of renting. Have you posted an advertisement in the local newspaper?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Are you listening to me? You are not really with you at the moment. What has happened to youtoday?M: Sorry, maybe it is because of these cold drugs I’m taking. And I am feeling very sleepy.Q: What is the man probably going to do?14. M: I’m ashamed to say I can’t afford to go out tonight. I’ve spent all my money.W: Don’t worry. I’m loaded right now.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: Will the failure of the football team sponsored by our company affect our sales and marketingcampaign?M: No way! The team might not be the winner but the company is.Q: What does the man mean?16. M: I am so exhausted and I haven’t taken a holiday fora long time. My chances would be better ifthey hired more people.W: Give up that idea. They always want to keep the cost down.Q: What does the woman imply?17. W: So, have you collected the blood sample so we could do our genetic research?M: I’m afraid we are in trouble. The people we’re testing have religious concern about the workwe’re doing, so I couldn’t collect the sample.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?18. W: Tom, we’re all going out for a drink after work. Fancy joining us?M: Thanks, but I’m afraid I can’t. I’ve got to finish this report before I go home tonight.Q: What does the man mean?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneW: Oh, Ken, I have been meaning to talk to you.M: Hi, Denise! What’s up?W: I have this great job lined up to manage a clothing store at the mall.M: Oh, say in detail, please.W: Well, one of the professors in my department just told me about a summer practice program that is available. She thinks I might be able to practice in the office at the Wayfarer Hotel here in town.M: That sounds like a great opportunity, too. Why not take advantage of it?W: I’d love to, especially since I’m studying hotel management. It would be a great way to get some practical experience in my field.M: And you never know, it might lead to something with them after graduation. They’re one of the biggest hotel chains in the area.W: You’re right. But the problem is that I wouldn’t be making nearly as much money as I would be working in the clothing store. Not to mention the discount I’d get on clothes there.M: How much money can you get from your practice work?W: Very little money. But I can get a free room and board for the summer.M: Well, if I were you, I’d take it anyway. You can always get a job during the school year next year to make a few extra bucks.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. Why does Denise like to talk to Ken?20. Why might the summer practice be a good opportunity for Denise?21. What’s the main disadvantage of the summer practice for Denise?22. What does Ken suggest Denise do?Conversation TwoM: Hello, this is John Burns from the Top Company Ltd. I’m phoning to return Ms. Thompson’s call. W: Oh, hello, Mr. Burns. This is Susan Thompson speaking. I’m glad you ring back so soon. There’s a serious problem, I’m afraid. You know that order for 500 cases of Top Whiskey we put recently? M: Oh, yes.I saw to it myself. What’s the problem? Hasn’t it arrived?W: Well, in a way, but it’s stuck at the customs. There’s something wrong with the declaration, it seems. Some kind of omission or error.M: Oh, really? That’s strange. Do you know what it is?W: Well, I only heard that some of the details were incomplete and the customs can’t let the consignment through.M: Ms. Thompson, I’ll tell you what I’ll do. Our forwarding agents are handling this delivery and they’re generally very reliable. Er, let me just get on to them.W: Yes, if you would. And can you let me know as soon as possible when I can have the Whiskey?Time’s rather short and our customers are waiting for the wine, you know.M: Of course. I’ll see to it, Ms. Thompson, and if at all possible, you’ll get a call today.W: Well, getting the delivery today would suit me better. Oh, one other thing, I’m out of the office after 12 o’clock. If you call me after this time, would you leave a message with our switchboard operator? I’ll tell her to expect your call.M: Yes, I spoke to her before. I’ll get things moving as quickly as I can.W: Right. Thanks. Goodbye then, Mr. Burns.M: Goodbye. You’ll be hearing from us very soon.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we know from the woman’s complaint?24. What does the man say about their forwarding agents?25. What is the man asked to do at the end of the conversation?Section BPassage OneI was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember my mother’s words as if it were yesterday —“Carol, I don’t want you to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful when you are around him.”AIDS wasn’t something we talked about in my country when I was growing up. From then on, I knew that this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened. My father’s other children lived far away, so it fell to me to look after him.We couldn’t afford all the necessary medication for him, and because dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn’t even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost. The teacher’s words were drowned as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage.I did not share my burden with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates who had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside table even though he was too weak to feed himself.I had known that he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret, I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless, I called a woman at the non-profit National AIDS Support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky to find someone who cared. She saved my life.I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn’t want to call attention to AIDS. I do.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What does Carol tell us about her father?27. Why did Carol keep her father’s disease a secret?28. Why did Carol write the passage?Passage TwoTo get a driver’s license, you must take a series of tests. The first test is the vision test. This test checks your eyes to see if you have to wear glasses when you drive. The second test is a written test that checks your knowledge of highway and traffic regulations. You can prepare for this test by studying a booklet that you can get at the driver’s license office. After you pass the written test, you receive an instruction permit. This permit allows you to practice driving with an experienced driver. The last test you have to take is a road test. This checks your driving ability. If you pass it, you will receive your driver’s license.When you go to the driver’s license office to take the road test, you must provide your own vehicle. First, the license examiner checks the mechanical condition of your car. Then, the examiner gets into the car with you and asks you to drive in regular traffic. While you are driving, the examiner tests you forsuch things as starting, stopping, turning, backing up, and parking. If you can’t control the car properly, or if you violate a traffic regulation while you are taking the test, you fail the examination. You will have to practice driving more until you take the road test again and pass it. Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. What does the second test check?30. What does the instruction permit allow you to do?31. What do we learn about the road test?32. Who are the most probable readers of the passage?Passage ThreeMargaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.She trained as a nurse, but had to give it up when her elder child became seriously ill. “I would have liked to go back to it, but the shifts are all wrong for me, as I have to be home to get the children up and off to school.”So she works as a cleaner instead, from 9 p.m. till 6 a.m. five nights a week for just ￡90, before tax and insurance. “It’s better than it was last year, but I still think that people who work unsocial hours should get a bit extra.”The hours she’s chosen to work mean that she sees plenty of the children, but very little of herh usband. However, she doesn’t think that puts any pressure on their relationship.Her work isn’t physically very hard, but it’s not exactly pleasant, either. “I do get angry with people who leave their offices like a place for raising pigs. If they realized people like me have to do it, perhaps they’d be a bit more careful.”The fact that she’s working all night doesn’t worry Margaret at all. Unlike some dark buildings at night, the building where she works is fully lit, and the women work in groups of three. “Since I’ve got to be here, I try to enjoy myself — and I usually do, because of the other girls. We all have a good laugh, so the time never drags.”Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living. “They think you’re a cleaner because you don’t know how to read and write,”said Margaret. “I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I’d been doing, but I don’t think that way any more. I don’t dislike the work though I can’t say I’m mad about it.”Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. Why did Margaret quit her job as a nurse?34. Why does Margaret get angry with people who work in the office?35. How does Margaret feel when at work?Section CMany businesses, such as department stores, restaurants, hotels and airline companies, use a credit system for selling their products and (36) services. In a credit system, the seller (37) agrees to sell something to the buyer without (38) immediately receiving cash. The buyer (39) receives the goods or services immediately and (40) promises to pay for them later. This “buy-now-pay-later”credit system is quite old. People have been buying things on credit for centuries. But (41) nowadays people use credit cards. There are two types of credit cards. One type is (42) issued directly by a store to a customer. Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers. The storecredit card can be used to make (43) purchases only at a particular store. The other kind of credit card is issued by a credit company. (44) Credit cards from credit companies can be used to buy things almost anywhere. If you have a major credit card, you can buy airplane ticket, stay at hotels, and eat at restaurants with it. (45) Most large credit companies are connected to large banks. So if you wanta credit card from a credit company, you generally have to make an application at a bank. (46) After an applicant receives a credit card, he or she can use the card to make purchases.上一页下一页。
考前冲刺英语四级考试模拟试题与答案详解
考前冲刺英语四级考试模拟试题与答案详解在距离英语四级考试仅剩几天的时候，进行模拟试题的练习是非常重要和有效的一种备考方式。
本文将为大家提供一份英语四级考试模拟试题，并对试题中的每个选项进行详细解析，帮助大家更好地理解和掌握英语四级考试的要点和技巧。
一、听力部分听力部分一直是英语四级考试中较为重要的一部分，也是许多考生备考时容易忽视的一部分。
接下来是一段听力材料，请听完后回答相关问题。
（听力材料略）1. What is the man's problem?A) He lost his wallet.B) He missed the bus.C) He forgot his keys.D) He can't find his glasses.解析：选C。
通过仔细聆听听力材料，我们可以听到男士说“我把钥匙忘在家里了”，因此他的问题是忘带了钥匙。
2. What is the woman's suggestion?A) The man should buy a new pair of glasses.B) The man should take a taxi home.C) The man should ask his wife for help.D) The man should go to the event without the glasses.解析：选C。
女士建议男士向他的妻子寻求帮助，所以答案为C选项。
二、阅读理解部分阅读理解部分是英语四级考试的重点考察内容之一，考生需要通过阅读短文，回答相关问题。
Passage 1(文章内容略)3. What is the passage mainly about?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The history of running.C) Different types of sports shoes.D) The popularity of marathons.解析：选D。
2020年大学英语四级考前押题卷及答案解析完整版
D. so that we don’t run into trouble.
【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
【解析】关键词是identify the risks，关键句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. 所以答案很明显是A。
在论述上，叙述略显罗嗦。第二段心理描写过多，虽然流畅生动，但却使这篇考场作文超过了规定字数，反而成为失分点，这一点要引以为戒。
【高分版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will
As we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved. There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.
B) makes them known to others
C) understands their true values
大学英语四级听力冲刺题及答案
大学英语四级听力冲刺题及答案大学英语四级听力冲刺题及答案在日常学习和工作生活中，我们会经常接触并使用试题，试题是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的。
你知道什么样的`试题才是好试题吗？以下是店铺精心整理的大学英语四级听力冲刺题及答案，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
大学英语四级听力冲刺题及答案篇1Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.12.A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.B) The man should buy a car of his own.C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.13.A) Get more food and drinks.B) Ask his friend to come over.C) Tidy up the place.D) Hold a party.14.A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.D) The woman should contact John Smith first.15.A) He understands the woman's feelings.B) He has gone through a similar experience.C) The woman should have gone on the field trip.D) The teacher is just following the regulations.16.A) She will meet the man halfway.B) She will ask David to talk less.C) She is sorry the man will not come.D) She has to invite David to the party.17.A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements.C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.18.A) Check their computer files.B) Make some computations.C) Study a computer program.D) Assemble a computer.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) It allows him to make a lot of friends.B) It requires him to work long hours.C) It enables him to apply theory to practice.D) It helps him understand people better.20.A) It is intellectually challenging.B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time.C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.D) It demands physical endurance and patience.21.A) In a hospital.B) At a coffee shop.C) At a laundry.D) In a hotel.22.A) Getting along well with colleagues.B) Paying attention to every detail.C) Planning everything in advance.D) Knowing the needs of customers.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A) The pocket money British children get.B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.C) The things British children spend money on.D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.24.A) It enables children to live better.B) It goes down during economic recession.C) It often rises higher than inflation.D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade.25.A) Save up for their future education.B) Pay for small personal things.C) Buy their own shoes and socks.D) Make donations when necessary.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
4级冲刺试题 (一)
四级冲刺试题（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Waste Sorting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前许多人扔垃圾时不分类2. 由此带来的问题3. 提倡垃圾分类的意义Waste Sorting___________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Whose Rules Are These, Anyway?The director of the art-rich yet cash-poor National Academy Museum in New York expected strong opposition when its board decided to sell two Hudson River School paintings for around $15 million.The director, Carmine Branagan, had already approached leaders of two groups to which the academy belonged about the prospect. She knew that both the American Association of Museums (AAM) and Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD) had firm policies against museums’ selling off artworks because of financial hardship and were not going to make an exception.Even so, she said, she was not prepared for the directors group’s “immediate and punitive” response to the sale. In an e-mail message on Dec. 5 to its 190 members, it condemned the academy, founded in 1825, for “breaching (违反) one of the most basic and important AAMD’s principles” and called on members “to suspend any loans of works of art to and any collaboration on exhibitions with the National Academy.”Ms. Branagan, who had by that time withdrawn her member ship from both groups, said she “was shocked by the tone of the letter, like we had committed some crimes.” She called the withdrawal of loans “a death knell (丧钟声)” for the museum, adding, “What the AAMD have done is basically shoot us while we’re wounded.”Beyond shaping the fate of any one museum, this exchange has sparked larger questions over a principle that has long seemed sacred. Why, several experts ask, is it so wrong for a museum to sell art from its collection to raise badly-needed funds? And now that many institutions are facing financial hardship, should the ban on selling art to cover operating costs be eased?Lending urgency to the discussion are the painful efforts of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, which has one of the world’s best collections of contemporary art but whose endowment (捐赠) is said to have shrunken to $6 million from more than $40 million over the last nine years. Wouldn’t it be preferable, some people asked this month, to sell a Mark Rothko painting or a couple o f Robert Rauschenberg’s legendary “combines” — the museum owns 11 — than to risk closing its doors? (Ultimately, the museum announced $30 million bailout (援助) by the billionaire Eli Broad last week that would prevent the sales of any artworks.) Yet defenders of the prohibition warn that such sales can damage an institution and the damage is impossible to repair. “Selling an object is a knee-jerk (下意识的) act, and it undermines core principles of a museum,” said Michael Conforti, president of the directors’ as sociation and director of the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, Massachusetts. “There are always other options.”The sale of artwork from a museum’s permanent collection, known as deaccessioning, is not illegal in the United States, provided that any terms accompanying the original donation of artwork are respected. In Europe, by contrast, many museums are state-financed and prevented by national law from deaccessioning.But under the code of ethics of the American Association of Museums, the proceeds sh ould be “used only for the acquisition, preservation, protection or care of collections.” The code of the Association of Art Museum Directors is even stricter, specifying that funds should not be used “for purposes other than acquisitions of works of art f or the collection.”Donn Zaretsky, a New York lawyer who specializes in art cases, has sympathized with the National Academy, asking why a museum can sell art to buy more art but not to cover overhead costs or a much-needed education center. “Why should we automatically assume that buying art always justifies a deaccessioning, but that no other use of proceeds —no matter how important to an institution’s mission —ever can?” he wrote.Even Patty Gerstenblith, a law professor at DePaul University in Chicago known for her strong standpoint on protecting cultural heritage, said her position had softened over the years. “If it’s really a life-or-death situation, if it’s a choice between selling a Rauschenberg and keeping the museum doors open, I think there’s s ome justification for selling the painting,” she said.But several directors drew a much harder line, noting that museums get tax-deductible donations of art and cash to safeguard art collections for the public. Selling off any holdings for profit would thus betray that trust, they say, not to mention robbing a community of art, so no exceptions for financial hardships should be allowed.Dan Monroe, a board member of the directors’ group and the director of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Mass., said that almost any museum can claim financial hardship, especially now that endowments are suffering. “It’s wrong to look at the situation from the standpoint of a single institution,” he said. “You have to look at what would happen if every institution went this route.It’s a classic slippery slope this thinking goes: letting one museum sell off two paintings paves the way for dozens of museums to sell off thousands of artworks, perhaps routinely. “The fact is as soon as you breach this principle, everybody’s got a hardship case,” Mr. Monroe said. “It would be impossible to control the outcome.”Deaccessioning has proven thorny for museums even when the money is directed into accepted channels like acquisitions.Sometimes the controversy centers on the irreplaceable nature of the object for sale, as when Thomas Hoving, then the director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, began aggressively sorting out its collection in the early 1970s, selling high-profile paintings like Van Gogh’s “Olive Pickers” and Rousseau’s “Tropics”. The Metropolitan owned only one other painting by Rousseau, and the resistance was fierce.Yet critics of strict deaccessioning rules make a public-access argument as well. “Most big museums can’t show 90 percent of the objects they own —it’s all in storage,” said Michael O’Hare, a cultural policy professor at the University of California, Berkeley. “What’s wrong with selling these objects to smaller museums or even private collectors, who are more likely to put them on display?”At the National Academy, Ms. Branagan called deaccessioning an act of last resort, one that she would not have considered without a “long-range financial and programmatic” plan. Branagan said she told her members as much before they voted for the sale — 181 to 2 in favor — in November:“I remember saying: unless you believe you can support sweeping change, then do not vote for deaccessioning,” she said. “The tragedy isn’t that we’re going to sell these four pieces. That’s not a tragedy. Thetragedy would be if in l0 or 15 years we were back here having the same conversation.”1. What do we learn about the National Academy Museum from the passage?A) It will go broke because of the lack of artwork collections.B) It decided to sell some artworks due to funding problems.C) It won support from the director groups in the painting sales.D) Its director opposed the board’s decision to sell the paintings.2. What delivered a death blow to the National Academy according to Ms. Branagan?A) The decision to sell art. B) The response of the public.C) The suspending of the loans. D) Her membership withdrawal.3. According to the passage, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles ______.A) overcame the financial difficulty B) defended the ban on selling artC) o wns the world’s largest collections D) succeeded in its artworks sale4. Deaccessioning in Europe is different from America in that ______.A) it is permanently legal B) it is respected by its peopleC) it is supported by the state D) it is prohibited by law5. Under the code of the AAMD, the use of funds from the sale of artwork is restricted to ______.A) protecting artworks B) covering operating costsC) buying art for collection D) educating the public6. How does Donn Zaretsky, a New York lawyer, see the sale of artwork?A) It can cause damage to the image of the museum.B) It should be approved if the purpose is reasonable.C) It makes perfect sense in the business world.D) Art should be bought and sold at will as a commodity.7. Some directors disagreed to sell artworks to ease financial hardships because ______.A) the money is far from enough to solve the problemB) selling art collections is a robbery according to lawC) the hardships are temporary and will be over soonD) the profit purpose would betray the trust of the public8. According to Dan Monroe, lifting the restriction for the National Academy Museum may __________________________ for routine sale of artworks in the future.9. When Thomas Hoving sold a painting by Rousseau, he faced fierce resistance because the painting is ________________________.10. Professor O’Hare assumed that small-sized museums were _______________________ to exhibit theircollections so that people would benefit more.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He enjoys writing home every other week.B) He doesn’t write home once a week now.C) He has been asked to write home regularly.D) He never fails to write home once a week now.12. A) He’ll ask Steven when he talks to him.B) He wants to invite the Johnsons to come.C) He isn’t sure how many people will go.D) He doesn’t know if they can get a room.13. A) It won’t be nice and fine.B) It will be sunny but not warm.C) It will be perfect and pleasant.D) It won’t be sunny but hot.14. A) The teacher postponed the meeting.B) There won’t be a test this afternoon.C) The students will be attending the meeting.D) The students will take an English test this afternoon.15. A) She has no idea of what the man should buy.B) She thinks a hair dryer would be a good gift.C) She wants to know what’s making the noise.D) She can’t hear the man because of the noise.16. A) She took a history class last year.B) She doesn’t trust the man’s opinion.C) She didn’t like her sociology professor.D) She probably won’t take any history classes.17. A) He hopes the woman likes modern art.B) He really appreciates the woman’s gifts.C) The modern art prints are too expensive.D) People enjoying modern art would like the prints.18. A) He hasn’t accepted the job offer.B) He has received many job offers.C) He will let the woman have the job.D) He will write a letter to another company.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Meals are provided for free on campus.B) Students are much securer on campus.C) Students are free to choose their roommates.D) Students have more chances to make friends.20. A) They may have to obey certain housing rules.B) A deposit may be required to rent an apartment.C) Dormitories are very limited on campus.D) They have to do the housework themselves.21. A) Renters needn’t maintain the house.B) Renters can cook in the apartments.C) Renters have freedom to select their roommates.D) Renters are free to do anything that they like.22. A) Sign a housing contract. B) Earn money to buy a car.C) Earn money to pay the rent. D) Buy furniture for the apartments.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She does her homework.B) She works as a babysitter.C) She does some teaching work.D) She attends weekend classes.24. A) One of her friends introduced it to her.B) She got it through a notice near the bus stop.C) One of her teachers recommended her to do it.D) She happened to meet a person who offered the job.25. A) Ask his teachers for help.B) Paste notices on wire poles.C) Register in job center of the university.D) Put up notices on community bulletin boards.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) A website for them to upgrade.B) A way of buying and selling goods.C) A place to exhibit their own photos.D) A chance to buy things at low prices.27. A) For fun.B) To make money.C) For gathering the engineers.D) To fulfill a task of his company.28. A) By making e-photos.B) By listing items online.C) By charging for each sale.D) By bringing callers together.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) They often regret writing poor works.B) Some of them write surprisingly much.C) Many of them hate reading their own works.D) They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.30. A) People think in words and sentences.B) Human ideas are translated into symbols.C) People think by connecting threads of ideas.D) Human thoughts are expressed through pictures.31. A) Most people believe we think in symbols.B) Loving our own writing is scientifically-reasonable.C) The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.D) Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work. Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) He lives with his mother.B) He has a handsome income.C) He often goes out with friends.D) He graduated with six O-levels.33. A) He will soon lose his job.B) He has very little spare time.C) He has no time to learn driving.D) He is too young to get a credit card.34. A) He had done well in all his exams.B) He was good at playing computer games.C) He had written some computer programs.D) He had learnt to use computers at school.35. A) He received lots of job offers.B) He was eager to help his mother.C) He lost interest in school studies.D) He wanted to earn his own living.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fillin the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.It’s amazing that in a modern, huge city like New York, problems with the weather and subway can create complete chaos for millions of New Yorkers. This winter, New York City has been the (36) _______ of many a snow storm. We had one a (37) _______ months ago that dumped about 15 inches of snow on the city. Luckily, that storm (38) _______ over a weekend, so New Yorkers, who were famous for always being out and about, holed themselves in their (39) _______, only venturing out into the snow for food.The winter has been so (40) _______ . Just when we think spring has finally arrived, it starts to snow. One day, it may be 60 degrees Fahrenheit, and the next day, it may be below (41) _______ with snow and dangerous winds! Sometimes the wind and snow make it so cold and unbearable that I feel as if my heart will stop (42) _______ when I go outside.No matter what, when there are (43) _______ changes in weather, and certainly when there is snow, (44) ________________________________________________________________________________. Everyone I k n o w t a k e s t h e s u b w a y.(45) ________________________________________________________________________________. For myself, I have no choice but to take the subway everywhere I go. I cannot afford to take a taxi everywhere. So basically, if t h e s u b w a y s t o p s w o r k i n g,I h a v e n o w a y o f g e t t i n g a n y w h e r e.(46) ________________________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity, because shopping today seems to 47 that personal element which existed when the shopkeeper knew all his 48 customers personally. He could, for instance, remember which brand of tea Mrs. Smith usually bought or what sort of washing powder Mrs. Jones49 .A prosperous general store might have employed four or five assistants, and so there were very few problems in management as far as the 50 was concerned. But now that the supermarket has 51 the general store, the job of the manager has changed 52 . The modern supermarket manager has to cope with personnel of as many as a hundred, apart from all the other everyday problems of running a large business.Every morning the manager must, like the commander of an army division, carry out an 53 of his store to make sure that everything is ready for the business of the day. He must see that everything is running smoothly. He will have to give advice and make decisions as problems 54 ; and he must know how to get his huge personnel to work efficiently with their 55 responsibilities. No matter what he has to do throughout the day, however, the supermarket manager must be ready for any 56 that may happen. They say in the trade that you are not really an experienced supermarket manager until you have dealt with a flood, a fire, a birth and a death in your store.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.When it comes to using technology to foster education, the prevailing wisdom has been that more is better. Over the past decade, universities around the globe have invested heavily in the wired classroom, adding everything from external laptop connections to Blu-ray DVD players. But there is little evidence that these devices enhance learning — and, critics believe, they might actually hinder it, making both students and teachers passive. What if classrooms were restored to the pre-Internet days of wooden tables and chalk?Take technology out of the classroom. Jose Bowen, dean of the Meadows School of the Arts at Southern Methodist University in Texas, has done just that. He wants his faculty to “teach naked”, meaning without the aid of any machines. “Just because you have a PowerPoint presentation doesn’t mean you have a good lecture,” he argues. Classroom time should be reserved for discussions with the professor, aimed at teaching students to think critically, argue, and raise new questions. Due to the grim (严峻的) economic climate at most universities, he says, avoiding new technology is also a sound way to save money.Bowen, who teaches music, delivers content via podcasts (播客), which students must listen to on their own time. He then quizzes them on the mater ial before every class to make sure they’ve done the work, and uses class time for discussions and research according to the recorded lessons. He’s been teaching the same material for 25 years, but since he implemented the new way, he says, his students have been more engaged and scored better on exams. College students asked by researchers to list what motivates them have consistently emphasized teacher enthusiasm, organization, and rapport(融洽的关系), while naming lack of active participation as a major disincentive (遏制因素). Last spring the British Educational Research Journal published a survey that found that 59 percent of students called at least half their lectures boring — particularly those involving PowerPoint.Technology has a place in education, but it should be used independently by students outside the classroom. That gives them more time to absorb lectures via podcast or video, and frees teachers to spend class time coaching students in how to apply the material rather than simply absorb it.57. What’s the opinion of critics about the technology used in the classrooms?A) It helps enhance teaching and learning.B) It puts extra financial burden on schools.C) It may serve as an obstacle to learning.D) It has injected great vitality into the class.58. What does Jose Bowen expect his teachers to do?A) To teach the students how to use technology after class.B) To explain the materials clearly in their unique ways.C) To give PowerPoint presentation when teaching.D) To teach the students without the aid of technology.59. According to the passage, class time should be used to ______.A) discuss how to treat technologyB) learn the materials by heartC) promote students’ critical thin kingD) update students on new information60. What do we learn from the third paragraph?A) Active participation in class stimulates students to learn.B) Students need tests to check what they have learned.C) Most students regard lectures with PowerPoint as less boring.D) Teachers’ influence is the most important factor in teaching.61. What is the author’s attitude towards using technology in the classroom?A) Concerned.B) Indifferent.C) Optimistic.D) Disapproving.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.A theme is emerging from the flood of recent corporate earnings reports: Cost cuts are boosting profits. Investors are cheering, but they shouldn’t. Even in these tough times, more CEOs should be talking about how they are seeking out investments, developing new technologies and making acquisitions.That’s what will set their companies up for a stronger future. Intel Corp.’s former CEO Gordon Moore had it right when he said years ago that “you can’t save your way out of a recession.” He meant that even in the toughest times, companies have to spend money on new ideas. Recessions always end, Moore often said, and when they do, companies that embraced innovation (创新) during the downturn won’t be stuck with obsolete product s and services. Instead, they’ll have new things to offer once demand picks up again.“Customers don’t come out of recessions spending the way they did before,” said Chunka Mui, who has studied how companies can capitalize on opportunities during crises at his Chicago-based consulting firm, The Devil’s Advocate Group. “They demand something different.”Surprisingly few companies are following Moore’s advice of innovating during recessions. Many have been weakened by the pullback in consumer and business spending as well as tight credit conditions, which is making it harder for companies to get loans to fund their operations. That’s driven some to hold cash and make drastic cost cuts. They’re slashing (大幅度削减) jobs and wages and closing stores and factories.T he aggressive cuts have allowed companies to exceed Wall Street’s expectations for their earnings. In fact, the “good” news has sent the Dow Jones industrial average above 10,000 for the first time in a year. The problem is that too many companies are maki ng widespread, not focused cuts. They’re telling every division to cut 10 percent of their work force or slashing marketing dollars by the same amount companywide.“That is a quick way to rid a company of costs. But it doesn’t help it get in a better position going forward”, says Cesare Mainardi, managing director at the consulting firm Booz & Co. and co-author of the new book Cut Costs, Grow Stronger, “and a downturn like this should force people’s hand”.62. What does the author think companies should do during a recession?A) Cut jobs and wages so as to save more money.B) Seek ways to make the company go forward.C) Try hard to get loans to fund their operations.D) Motivate the employees by raising the salaries.63. According to Gordon Moore, when the r ecession ends, companies that didn’t innovate will ______.A) enjoy faster development with the money savedB) set up more factories as consumer demand growsC) be hindered by out-of-date products and servicesD) attract more customers with traditional products64. How do consumers change after the economic crisis?A) They lose confidence in the market. B) They start to live within their means.C) They have different ways of spending. D) They try to avoid unnecessary expenditure.65. What’s Cesare Mainardi’s opinion about companies’ large-scale cuts?A) They do no good to companies’ future development.B) They help the companies out of the crisis quickly.C) They are the only way to get the expected profits.D) They force the employees to work much harder.66. What can be the best title for this passage?A) Recession Not as Bad as Expected B) Ways to Save You Out of the CrisisC) Financial Crisis Spreading the World D) Innovation Needed Even in RecessionsPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.。
高校英语专业大学英语四级考试冲刺题及答案
高校英语专业大学英语四级考试冲刺题及答案在准备应对大学英语四级考试时，冲刺阶段的练习非常重要。
通过针对性的训练，提高自己的英语能力，对于取得好成绩至关重要。
本文将提供一系列大学英语四级考试冲刺题及答案，帮助同学们进行复习备考。
第一部分：听力理解听力理解是大学英语四级考试中的重要部分，也是很多同学备考时感到困难的一部分。
下面是一道典型的听力理解题及答案，供同学们进行练习。
题目：What does the woman mean?答案：She doesn't know where the man should go.解析：这道题目是一道典型的交际意义题。
我们听到女士说了一句"I don't know where you should go."通过听力，我们可以判断出答案是"She doesn't know where the man should go." 这道题目考察了听力理解中的交际意义。
第二部分：阅读理解阅读理解是大学英语四级考试中的另一个重要部分。
下面是一篇阅读理解文章以及相关问题的答案。
文章：Many ancient Chinese dishes are still popular today. One of them is Peking Duck. Peking Duck has been prepared since the imperial era and is famous for its thin and crispy skin. It is traditionally served with pancakes, cucumber, and a special sauce made from fermented soybeans. To cook Peking Duck, the chef must follow a specific process. First, the duck is cleaned and air is pumped into it to separate the skin from the fat. Then it is soaked in boiling water flavored with herbs. After that, it is hung up to dryfor several hours. Finally, it is roasted in an oven until the skin turns golden and crispy.题目：What is Peking Duck known for?答案：Its thin and crispy skin.解析：根据文章可知，Peking Duck是因其薄脆的皮而出名的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
大学英语四级考试考前冲刺试卷（一）答案与详解Part I Writing高分范文My View on Innovation①I'm not sure if you have heard one of Steve Jobs'famous remarks,"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower",which stresses the significance of innovation.②It goes without saying that innovation can promote the advancement of society and is the most essential quality for anyone who wants to achieve success.③With innovation,any progress will be possible;however,once indulged in conservatism, everything will remain stagnant.④Therefore,by some means or other we must come to know how to be innovative.⑤On the one hand,from the standpoint of a nation,the government should encourage innovation and foster the mindset of continuous learning.⑥Only by doing this can our nation achieve new breakthroughs in all walks of life.⑦On the other hand,from the perspective of individuals,we should enrich our knowledge reserves and arm ourselves with up-to-date knowledge.⑧Only when we are equipped with vast stores of knowledge can we think out different methods when solving a problem.⑨We should always commit it to our memory that innovation is of great significance to usa J1.⑩In our daily life,we need to cultivate the habit of applying new thoughts and methods into practice.PartⅡListening ComprehensionQuestions1to4axe based on the conversation you have just heard.1．A。
2．D。
3．C。
4．D。
Conversation TwoM:(5)You say your shop has been doing well.Could you give me some idea of what "doing well"means in facts and figures?W:Well,"doing well"means averaging￡1,200or more a week for about7years,making almost a quarter of a million pounds.And"doing well"means your earnings are rising. Last year,we did slightly over50,000and this year,we hope to do more than60,000.So, that's good if we continue to rise.M:Now,that's gross earnings,I assume.What about your expenses?W:Yes,that's gross.The expenses,of course,go up steadily.And since we've moved to this new shop,the expenses have increased greatly,because it's a much bigger shop.So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are.They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year,which is not high.(6)Commercially speaking,it's fairly low,and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.M:(7)And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about.How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?W:Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing,because we don't make a point of publicizing.That was a lesson we learned very early on.(8)We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week.He was very unhappy and never as friendly again.So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make.But we are on very good terms with all the shops.None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that.I think it's a nice friendly relationship.Maybe if they did know what we made,perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5．B。
6．C。
7．A。
8．D。
Passage OneBirds are famous for carrymg things around．Some，like homing pigeons，can be trained to deliver messages and packages．Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride．(9)Canadian scientists have found a worrisome．new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around．Way up north in the Canadian ArctiC．seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds five．Some l0．000pairs of the birds，called flllitlars，a kind of ArctiC seabird．make their nests on Devon Island．north of the Arctic Circle．(10)The fllfinars travel some400kilometers over the sea to find food．When they return home，their droppings end up all around their nesting sites，including in nearby ponds．(11)Previously．scientists noticed ponutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind．Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea．The bodies of fish and other meat—eaters Can build up high levels of the chemicals．To test the polluting power of fulmars，researchers coUected samples of deposit from11 ponds on Devon Island．In ponds closest to the colony，the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds．The poHutantS in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulIIlars eat when they’re out on the ocean．(12)People who five，hunt，or fish near bird colonies need to be carefitl，the researchers say．The birds don’t mean to cause harm，but the chemicals they calTy Can cause major problems．Questions9to12are based on the passage you have iust heard．9．B。