状语从句

状语从句大扫描

定义：在复合句中用来修饰谓语动词、非谓语动词或是整个句子的分句叫状语从句。通常由一个连接词引导，或由一个起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句一般分为九大类：

1．时间状语从句：

时间状语从句分类如下：

(1) 表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。由when, while, as, as soon as等引导。如：

When I arrived home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.

Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

He sang as he walked.

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.( 在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句也表将来，这时从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。)

(2) 表示时间先后，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after, before。

After the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）

It was (not) long before I forgot it all. (It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)

He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）

我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)

(3) 表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有whenever（无论何时，每当），every time（每次）, each time（每次）等。

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.

Every time I went to his house, he was out.

Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

（4）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since, ever since, until, till等。如：It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is＋一段时间＋since…是常用句型）

我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)

You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长）自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.( ever since可以放在句末，since则不能)

这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。

My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。

Things went well until / till one night an accident happened. 事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上发生了意外。

I knew nothing about it until he told me. 他告诉我了我才知道。

2．地点状语从句

地点状语从句主要由where（在/到……的地方）, wherever（在/到任何……的地方）引导：Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet. 武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.你最好在有问题的地方做个记号。= You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.

3．原因状语从句

表示原因的状语从句可以由because/ in that, since/ now (that) （既然）, as, for, considering （that）（考虑到）, seeing （that）（由于）等连词引导：

I do it because I like it. (because不能与so连用)

Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.

As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

Considering (that) they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

4．目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear (that)（以便）等，目的状语从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：Let’s take the front seats so that we may see more clearly.

School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

He took the name down for fear (that) he might forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

5．结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that (如此……以致……), such…that (如此……以致……)等。

He didn’t plan his time well so that he didn’t finish the work in time.

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.（such是形容词，后接名词）

They are such good students that we all like them very much.

It is such fine weather that we want to go camping.

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.（so是副词，后接形容词或副词）He ran so fast that I couldn’t follow him.

注意

Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much.

= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much.

但是，当名词被many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不用such。

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一