小升初英语专项代词
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四. 代词
人称代词
1.人称代词的形式
2. 人称代词的用法
1) 在句中作主语,用主格。 如: I am a teacher . Are you OK ?
2) 在动词和介词后作宾语,用宾格。 如: Please give me a pen . 3)单数人称代词连用时,其词序为:第二人称,第三人称和第一人称。 如: you and I ; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I
4) 复数人称代词连用时,其词序一般和汉语一样。 如: we and you ; you and they 5) we ,you ,they ,he 都用来泛指一般的人。 如: They say Mike is a good boy . 6) it 用作人称代词,指动物或其他事物,有时也指人,尤指婴儿,小孩。
如: I have a ball –pen . It is very nice . Who is it ? It is me . 7)it 用作指示代词,表示“这”或“那”。如 : How far is it from here ?
It ’s about 1km away .
物主代词
1. 物主代词的形式
2. 物主代词的用法
1) 形容词性物主代词用在名词前,不能单独使用。 如:This is my bag .
2)名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,使用时后面不再加名词。如:That bike is his.
指示代词
1.表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”,等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。有this ,that ,these ,those等。
2.this(these)一般用来指在时间和空间上较近的事物;that(those)则指较远的事物。
如:This is a table.That is a sofa.These books are theirs.Those books are ours.
疑问代词
疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用于询问“何人”“何物”“什么”。小学阶段常用的疑问代词有who, whose, which和what。
虽然who和whose都用于对人的提问,但whose询问的是所有关系,相当于一个定语,因此whose后常跟名词,而who则没有这种用法,who只能用于对人的提问。
不定代词
凡不是用来指明代替特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的有:both ,all ,some ,any , every , each, many, much, few, a few, little, a little。
1.both指两者“都”;all指三者及三者以上“都”。
如:Both of you are wrong.All students are right.
2.some表示“一些,某些,某个”,any表示“一些,任何”。some多用于肯定句中,any多用于否定句和疑问句中。
如:There are some trees in the street.Are there any trees in the street?
如果说话人希望得到肯定回答时,疑问句中可用some。如:Would you like some coffee?
some还可用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句中。如:Can I have some glue?
3.every表示“每一个”可以和one ,body ,thing组合成everyone ,everybody ,everything 。当every及其复合词做主语时,后面动词要用第三人称单数形式。
each 表示“每个”,强调个体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Everyone of this class does well in Chinese.Everybody is at school now.
4、many和much都是表示数量的不定代词,都有“许多、大量”的意思。much后面接不可数名词,many后面接可数名词。
5、few和little也是表示数量的不定代词,为否定含义,都有“几乎没有”的意思。few后面接可数名词,little后面接不可数名词。
6、a few 和a little也是表示数量的不定代词,为肯定含义,都有“少数、少量”的意思。a few后面接可数名词,a little后面接不可数名词。
反身代词:
myself ,yourself ,itself / herself / himself ,ourselves ,yourselves ,themselves
另外:one的反身代词为oneself
1.有些动词需反身代词,如:dry ,cut, enjoy, hurt, help等。
如:We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
注意:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up , sit down , stand up等。如:Please sit down.请坐。2.用作表语,如:结构be oneself 。如:I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。
◆习题检测
一、把下面表格填写完整
二、根据下列句子说法.从方框中选出恰当的9个代词填空。(注意大小写)
my his we its him their
mine hers our it yours they
1. Andy and I ar e making a model plane.→_________are making a model plane.
2.Does the black bike belong to you ?→Is the black bike_______?
3.The big house among the mountains belongs to them. →______big house lies among the mountains.
4.It is her computer. →The computer i s _______.
5.I can’t find my glasses.→The glasses are not _______.Where is _________glasses?
6.The tail belongs to the white dog. →The white dog is waging (摆动)______tail happily.
7.Mom and Dad bought a birthday gift for him. →________bought a birthday gift for him. →The birthday gift was________.
三、从括号中选择正确的词填空。
1.(This/These)are my letters and (that /those)is my brother’s.
2.(This/These)shoes are Ms. Jones.
3.How (many/much)apples do you have?
4.---Is there (some/any )water in the fridge? -----Yes. there is (some/any).
5.(Everybody/Nobody)needs friends.
6.Hurry up !There are (a few /few )minutes left.
7.(What/Which)do you like better ? Surfing or skating?
8.-----What’s in the letter? -----It’s (anything /nothing)important.
9.---So you are James Cotton! ----(It’s/That’s)right. My name is James.
10.----What did you say just now? ---(Nothing/Everything).
四、选择填空
1.Are they _______raincoats or ______?
A. their, ours
B. their, our
C. theirs, ours
D. their, us
2.Help _______ to some chicken .
A. themself
B. them
C. yourself
D. yourselves