高三英语一轮复习语法专题:(浙江)冠词
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答案 1.the 2.a 3.the
[考 点 清 单]
考点一 不定冠词的考查 规则❶ 不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名 词前,an用在以元音音素开头的名词前。 注意:一个词是以元音音素开头还是辅音音素开头,是根据其发 音而不是根据字母。对于这类的词要记住下面两句话中加黑单词: In a university,a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool.This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工 具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
规则❸ 用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和 最高级前。 Purple Sun is the most moving film that I have ever seen. 《紫日》是我看过的最动人的电影。 规则❹ 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用时,表示一类人或 事物。 The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately. 受伤者被立刻送往医院。
The Whites settled down in Canada last year. 去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
规则❼ 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前,但“play+表示中国 乐器的名词(如erhu二胡,pipa琵琶)”中,名词前不用冠词。 the east东部 play the piano 弹钢琴 My brother is playing the violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet. 我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
考点二 定冠词的考查 规则❶ 用在名词前表示特指。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
规则❷ 用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。 the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky天空 the world 世界 注意:有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。 space太空 nature自然 man人类 Do you know who invented the telephone? 你知道是谁发明了电话吗?
规则❸ a+most 表示“很”,“非常”。 —Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? ——你昨天玩得开心吗? —Yes,as you know,the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere. ——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。 规则❹ 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一, 又一”。 In order to find a better job,he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定学习另一门外语。
考点三 零冠词的考查 规则❶ 称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、 补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,五分之一的学生将 继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。 规则❷ 在月份、季节、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯 用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。 A year can be divided into four seasons—spring,summer, autumn and winter. 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
规则❺ 用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the dozen等, 但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词,如by weight,by height等。 —It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year. —Right,he will also get paid by the week. ——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。 ——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。 规则❻ 定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“全家人” 或“夫妇俩”。
4.【误】As result,the plants are growing everywhere.(2014·全国Ⅰ) 【正】As a result,the plants are growing everywhere. 【探究】as a result 意思是“结果”,为固定短语。
5.【误】Corn is an useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals. 【正】Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals. 【探究】useful开头的第一个音素为辅音/j/,故用不定冠词a。
2.【误】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016·全国Ⅰ,短文改错) 【正】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. 【探究】此处应该表示“在短期内”,名词period是可数名 词,意为“时期,一段时间”,当其用单数形式且前有形容 词作定语时,前面要用不定冠词a。
规则❺ 表示单位时间内的频度,不定冠词含有“每”的概念。 In order to shape myself,I attend Yoga classes twice a week.为了塑 造自己的体形,我每周上两次瑜伽课。 规则❻ 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概 念时,可以与不定冠词连用。如:a success一个成功的人或一件 成功的事;a pleasure一件令人高兴的事。 It’s a pleasure to work with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。
[易 错 防 范]
易错点1 泛指、特指含糊不清 Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso. 误填 a;the 答案 the;a [句意:专家们认为最近发现的那幅油画可能是 毕加索的画。第一空特指“最近所发现的那幅画”,故用定冠 词;第二空泛指“毕加索的一幅画”,故用不定冠词。]
3.【误】Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 【正】Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in the countryside. 【探究】句意:现在我生活在一个城市,但是思念我农村的家 乡。这里countryside是特指,故应加定冠词。
2.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.(2016·全国Ⅱ,48)
3.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ,62)
规则❸ as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的单数名 词置于句首,名词前不用冠词。 Child as he is,he knows much about the world. 尽管他是个孩子,但知道的很多。 规则❹ no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。 There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. 天下没有免费的午餐。 规则❺ 高考中常见的纯不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用。这 些 词 有 : baggage , luggage , furniture , health , weather , fun , space( 太 空 ) , advice , word( = news) , progress , information , news,luck,wealth(财产),homework等。 What fine weather it is today!今天多好的天气呀!
规则❻ 在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可 数名词作表语时前要加冠词。 He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher. 他成了一名医生而他的弟弟成了一名教师。
[正 误 探 究]
1.【误】At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016·全国Ⅲ,短文改错) 【正】At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 【探究】at first表示“起初”,是固定搭配,first前没有冠词。
An hour ago,an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一小时前,一个老人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,去完成一项光 荣的任务。 规则❷ 不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人 或某一物。 The story happened in a small town in Victoria. 故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。
冠词
[感 悟 高 考]
单句语法填空
1.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ,70)
规则❼ 具有动作意义的名词在与动词have,take,make等构成短 语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。如:take a look看一看;have a try试一试。 You had better go to the factory and have a look. 你最好到厂里去看一看。 规则❽ 不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中 。如:a waste of浪 费……;all of a sudden突然;as a rule通常;as a result 由于;as a whole总体上;for a while 一会儿 It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起, 我把她的生日给忘了。
[考 点 清 单]
考点一 不定冠词的考查 规则❶ 不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名 词前,an用在以元音音素开头的名词前。 注意:一个词是以元音音素开头还是辅音音素开头,是根据其发 音而不是根据字母。对于这类的词要记住下面两句话中加黑单词: In a university,a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool.This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工 具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
规则❸ 用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和 最高级前。 Purple Sun is the most moving film that I have ever seen. 《紫日》是我看过的最动人的电影。 规则❹ 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用时,表示一类人或 事物。 The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately. 受伤者被立刻送往医院。
The Whites settled down in Canada last year. 去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
规则❼ 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前,但“play+表示中国 乐器的名词(如erhu二胡,pipa琵琶)”中,名词前不用冠词。 the east东部 play the piano 弹钢琴 My brother is playing the violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet. 我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
考点二 定冠词的考查 规则❶ 用在名词前表示特指。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
规则❷ 用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。 the sun太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky天空 the world 世界 注意:有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。 space太空 nature自然 man人类 Do you know who invented the telephone? 你知道是谁发明了电话吗?
规则❸ a+most 表示“很”,“非常”。 —Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? ——你昨天玩得开心吗? —Yes,as you know,the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere. ——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。 规则❹ 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一, 又一”。 In order to find a better job,he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定学习另一门外语。
考点三 零冠词的考查 规则❶ 称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、 补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,五分之一的学生将 继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。 规则❷ 在月份、季节、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯 用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。 A year can be divided into four seasons—spring,summer, autumn and winter. 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
规则❺ 用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the dozen等, 但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词,如by weight,by height等。 —It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year. —Right,he will also get paid by the week. ——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。 ——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。 规则❻ 定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“全家人” 或“夫妇俩”。
4.【误】As result,the plants are growing everywhere.(2014·全国Ⅰ) 【正】As a result,the plants are growing everywhere. 【探究】as a result 意思是“结果”,为固定短语。
5.【误】Corn is an useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals. 【正】Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals. 【探究】useful开头的第一个音素为辅音/j/,故用不定冠词a。
2.【误】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016·全国Ⅰ,短文改错) 【正】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. 【探究】此处应该表示“在短期内”,名词period是可数名 词,意为“时期,一段时间”,当其用单数形式且前有形容 词作定语时,前面要用不定冠词a。
规则❺ 表示单位时间内的频度,不定冠词含有“每”的概念。 In order to shape myself,I attend Yoga classes twice a week.为了塑 造自己的体形,我每周上两次瑜伽课。 规则❻ 具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概 念时,可以与不定冠词连用。如:a success一个成功的人或一件 成功的事;a pleasure一件令人高兴的事。 It’s a pleasure to work with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。
[易 错 防 范]
易错点1 泛指、特指含糊不清 Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso. 误填 a;the 答案 the;a [句意:专家们认为最近发现的那幅油画可能是 毕加索的画。第一空特指“最近所发现的那幅画”,故用定冠 词;第二空泛指“毕加索的一幅画”,故用不定冠词。]
3.【误】Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 【正】Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in the countryside. 【探究】句意:现在我生活在一个城市,但是思念我农村的家 乡。这里countryside是特指,故应加定冠词。
2.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.(2016·全国Ⅱ,48)
3.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ,62)
规则❸ as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的单数名 词置于句首,名词前不用冠词。 Child as he is,he knows much about the world. 尽管他是个孩子,但知道的很多。 规则❹ no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。 There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. 天下没有免费的午餐。 规则❺ 高考中常见的纯不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用。这 些 词 有 : baggage , luggage , furniture , health , weather , fun , space( 太 空 ) , advice , word( = news) , progress , information , news,luck,wealth(财产),homework等。 What fine weather it is today!今天多好的天气呀!
规则❻ 在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可 数名词作表语时前要加冠词。 He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher. 他成了一名医生而他的弟弟成了一名教师。
[正 误 探 究]
1.【误】At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016·全国Ⅲ,短文改错) 【正】At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 【探究】at first表示“起初”,是固定搭配,first前没有冠词。
An hour ago,an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task. 一小时前,一个老人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,去完成一项光 荣的任务。 规则❷ 不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人 或某一物。 The story happened in a small town in Victoria. 故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。
冠词
[感 悟 高 考]
单句语法填空
1.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ,70)
规则❼ 具有动作意义的名词在与动词have,take,make等构成短 语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。如:take a look看一看;have a try试一试。 You had better go to the factory and have a look. 你最好到厂里去看一看。 规则❽ 不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中 。如:a waste of浪 费……;all of a sudden突然;as a rule通常;as a result 由于;as a whole总体上;for a while 一会儿 It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起, 我把她的生日给忘了。