英语语法专题名词和冠词修改后
2012届高三英语一轮复习语法精讲:专题1 冠词和名词(北师大版)
专题一冠词和名词一、冠词一、概念冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。
英语中的冠词有两种,一种是定冠词the,另一种是不定冠词a和an。
二、用法1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 和an与数词one 同源,是―一个‖的意思。
a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,而an 则用于以元音音素开头的单词前,均表示泛指。
(1)表示―一个‖,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr Ling is waiting for you.(2)代表一类人或物。
As a middle school student, I must put all my heart into my studies.Tom wants to buy an English-Chinese dictionary for his sister's birthday.(3)词组或短语。
a little / a few / as a rule / in a hurry2.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有―那(这)个‖的意思,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。
Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.(2)上文提到过的人或事。
The association says about nine percent of college students in the United States study foreign languages.(3)指世上独一物二的事物。
the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar―美元‖;the fox―狐狸‖。
与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人。
高考英语_2019语法考点通关讲义:名词和冠词
第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律课提示:对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。
解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分,如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。
【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3.(2016·四川卷)Any smell might attract natural enemies_ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.5.(2018·桂林市联考)To them,life is a _competition (compete)—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.6.(2018·济南期末检测)Julie is one of the women(woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions.7.(2018·漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.8.(2018·昆明第一中学适应性训练)Engelbart, the inventor of the computer mouse, developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer, obtaining a patent for it long before the mouse's(mouse) widespread use.[规律总结]1.提示词为名词时,分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变,则一般考查所给名词的复数形式;如果作定语表示“……的”,则一般考查名词的所有格。
专题01 单句改错之名词、代词和冠词专项练习-2021年高考英语语法单句改错精选专题训练(1)
单句改错之名词、代词和冠词专项练习(1)【高考考点分析】名词改错:短文改错对名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的单复数误用、可数名词与不可数名词误用、名词普通格与所有格的误用等。
冠词改错:短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及不定冠词a和an的误用、不定冠词a/an 和定冠词the的混用、冠词的多用或漏用等。
代词改错:短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格/宾格误用、形容词性物主代词/人称代词和反身代词的误用、各类代词的误用与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的错用等。
1. I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.答案:advices →advice解析:advice 是不可数名词,无复数形式,故将 advices改为 advice.2. Many students eyesight is getting poorer and poorer.答案:students →studen ts'解析:修饰名词eyesight 应用名词所有格。
前面有Many 修饰,应用名词复数,故将 students 改为 students'.3. It's nice feeling to know we have helped to save those people's lives.答案:在nice前加a解析:feeling 意为“感觉”,为可数名词,此处泛指一种很好的感觉,应加不定冠词,故在nice前加a.4. My teacher taught me a lot. It was then that I realized the value of learning a foreign language and made up our mind to learn English better.答案:our →my解析:根据主语I可知,此处代词应与主语I保持一致,且此处作定语,故将 our改为my.5. For those who want to study abroad, it is necessary for they to have a good knowledge of English.答案:they →them解析:for为介词,后面接代词宾格,故将 they 改为 them.6. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from the others in our small town.答案:himself →him解析:which 指代先行词 voice,动词set后的宾语为“他”,主语和宾语不一致,应用宾格形式。
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词1.冠词和名词一、不定冠词a(an)的主要用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。
表示one 概念。
eg. ①a girl 一位女孩 ②an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个。
eg. ① His father is a doctor. ② I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于表示时间、速度或价格等意义的名词之前,表示单位,译为“每一”。
eg.① The rent is $100 a week.D. 指某人或某物,意为a certain ,常用在第一次提到某人或某物时。
eg. ① A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。
E. 用于抽象名词前,表示抽象名词具体化。
(success,difficulty, failure,help, beauty, comfort,danger, pride, honor, pleasure,pity)eg. ① What a pleasant surprise you brought us. F. 表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。
eg. ① have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。
② have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。
三年(2022-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(全国通用)专题01冠词、名词(解析版)
三年真题4M oi冠有苴名祠昌信翌值。
成激倒年份卷别冠词(2022-2024)三年(14考)名词的数与格(2022-2024)三年(18)命题趋势2024新高考I卷the favorites;richness冠词:高考中考查频率较新高考II卷themes;visibility高的冠词主要表现在不定全国甲卷A-An(改错)treasures;completion冠词与定冠词的用法辨析上。
业考查定冠.通表特指租丕定冠词表泛损为主」2二对丕定冠.通.旦.与._迎_的用.法的看查也二真是戋查的热.点.2._3..对固定短谊中一冠.词的考查也是高考•的常考.浙江卷1月the criticism;2023新高考I卷a新高考II卷the arrival;interview全国甲卷a(语填);the-a;(改错)warning;butterfly-butterflies(改错)全国乙卷same前面加the(改错)wonders浙江卷1月the events2022新高考I卷the populations成.2..一名词的词改错:完形填空考查名词义辨析。
语法填空和:1.名词的单复数规新高考II卷The son's全国甲卷a protection全国乙卷the responsibility浙江卷1月the invitation火V父H j勺/|、冽火11父。
乙.名词的格3.名词与其他词类的转换形式。
浙江卷6月the photographer皆盛翁偷。
围腐皆源考点01定冠词1.(2024・新高考I卷•高考真题)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for________first time.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。
(完整版)初中英语语法15个专题汇总(带习题和答案)
目录专题一名词 (1)专题二数词、冠词 (8)专题三介词、连词 (14)专题四代词 (21)专题五形容词、副词 (31)专题六动词的分类 (39)专题七情态动词、系动词 (46)专题八动词时态 (52)专题九被动语态 (58)专题十非谓语动词 (64)专题十一简单句、并列句 (73)专题十二祈使句、感叹句 (81)专题一三宾语从句 (87)专题一四定语从句 (94)专题一五状语从句 (102)专题一名词1.名词的数1.概述:名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
2.可数名词及其单复数:可数名词有单复数变化,其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰,还可用many,few, a few, some, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修饰。
构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。
1)复数的规则构成法:绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾—s或—es构成的。
具体规则如下图:a.单复同形的:Chinese—Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, deer—deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)b。
熟记下列词的复数变化:man—men, woman—women, policeman-policemen, foot—feet,tooth-teeth, mouse—mice, child—childrenc. 以man, woman做定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变:a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变:a girl student—two girl students3. 不可数名词:不可数名词没有单复数。
如:water, meat, air等。
在表示数量时,通常用以下方法。
1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。
英语语法总结冠词和名词
英语语法总结冠词和名词英语语法复习知识扼要总结版Chapter 1简单句(Simple Sentences)1.一.名词的格:of 属格的构成及逻辑语义关系1.1 of属格的构成基本构成:N1+of+N2。
N表示名词;一般来说,of属格主要用于以下两种情形:一是,表示无生命物体的名词的所有关系。
比如:eg:the roof of the church教堂的屋顶/the name of the song 歌曲的名字/the title of the book 书名/the leg of the table 因此,总体来说,’s所有格主要用于有生命的名词,而of属格主要用于无生命的名词二是,当有生命的名词后面接短语或从句修饰时,也用of属格。
比如:eg:I took the advice of an old man that I met during a journey and decided to make something of myself.译文:我听从了在一次旅行中遇到的一位老人的建议,决定干出一番大事业。
1.2of属格的逻辑语义关系介词of可以表示很多种逻辑语义关系,读者最熟悉的应该是它表示的“所有关系”,译成“......的”。
比如:eg:The mother of the boy in a red suit is president of our company.穿红色西服的那个男孩的妈妈是我们公司的总经理。
除此以外,of还可以表示其他语义关系,共计十余种,这里只讨论三种:主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。
A.主谓关系:从右往左翻译基本结构:N1+of+N2。
N表示名词;一般来说,这里N1是由不及物动词变化过来的名词,表示某个行为,这一行为是由N2来发出的。
或者说N2是N1行为的执行者。
比如:eg:the arrival of my mother【点睛】:这里第一个名词arrival是由不及物动词arrive变化过来的,它表示一个行为;而第二个名词my mother则是这个行为的执行者,即相当于说my mother arrived.译文:我妈妈到了eg:the rise of the U.S. Superpower超级大国美国的兴起/the growth of agriculture农业增长B.动宾关系:从左往右翻译基本结构:N1+of+N2。
高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词知识精讲
高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词【本讲主要内容】英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词【知识总结归纳】1. 名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句子中可以作主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,名数词连用可以做状语。
在使用名词时,要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词,以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。
如:a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而:many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前,much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的意义。
冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
a (an)是不定冠词,an用在元音发音开始的词语前。
如:an hour, an English book。
the 是定冠词。
1〕不定冠词:不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。
关于它的用法,用四个字概括,“每、一、类、某〞。
①表示“每日〞、“每周〞……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个〞,但仍译为“一个〞、“有个〞。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2〕定冠词的用法:①特指某人或某物,指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。
Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。
专题01 名词、冠词-2022年高考英语语法易错点快速突破(解析版)
专题01 名词冠词一真题感悟1.(2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换。
动词变为名词。
前面是the,后面是介词of,中间应当使用名词形式。
2.(2021高考全国乙卷)_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词单复数。
根据下文range from whale watching to hiking...可知活动不止一个,需用复数形式。
3.(2020高考全国卷I)The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。
be of+抽象名词,且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。
4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。
外研版英语中考语法专项——冠词与名词 知识梳理+实战演练(含答案)
外研版英语中考语法专项冠词与名词冠词常见考点记忆导图语法精讲名词常见考点记忆导图语法精讲实战演练一、用a, an, the或“/”填空1. (平阳模拟)—Do you know______________ man who led his team to Wuhan to fight against COVID-19?—Of course. He is Zhong Nanshan, our national hero.2. My birthday is coming soon. Daniel will send me______________ MP4 as my birthday present.3. Eric is not going to Nanjing by______________ plane. Instead, he is taking______________ train.4. I think English is______________ useful language, and it’s also______________ important language.5. —Do you play______________ piano in your free time?—No. I like sports. I often play______________ soccer with my friends.二、选择填空或用所给词的适当形式填空()1. (温州中考)Lucy’s father works in No. 1 Hospital. He is a______________ .A. teacherB. doctorC. postmanD. policeman()2. (温州市鹿城区模拟)As a fan of basketball, the death of Kobe was a big______________. I even couldn’t believe it when I heard the news.A. surpriseB. troubleC. problemD. difference3. The mother and father birds fed them every day. The______________ (baby)grew bigger and bigger.4. Kate was excited to receive some beautiful roses from her husband on______________ (woman)Day.5. —How far is your home from school?—It’s about two______________ (hour)walk.6. Could you tell me the______________ (high)of Mount Qomolangma?7. The show I Am a Singer helps audiences rediscover many good______________ (voice).参考答案第26课冠词与名词实战演练一、1. the 2. an 3. /, a/the 4. a, an 5. the, /二、1—2. BA3. babies4. Women’s5. hours’6. height7. voices。
高考高中英语核心语法详解 冠词
高考高中英语核心语法详解冠词冠词1.核心理解: 冠词其实属于限定词中的一种,最为常见,具体属于中位限定词。
2.分类:不定冠词a/an;定冠词the;零冠词;3.不定冠词(1)核心理解:a/an视为one的弱化,其内涵是说数量一个,单数概念;用于泛指,就是指事物中的任意一个,一类或一种。
例:She bought a cat.她买了一只猫。
He is an expert on DNA.他是DNA方面的专家。
(2)语音规则:a+辅音音标开头的单词;an+元音音标开头的单词。
例:a small island / an islanda European / an American4. 定冠词the (请参阅之前所发文章“词频01the”)5.零冠词:主要是名词本身,决定了不需要冠词,这种情况称之为零冠词。
(1)复数名词前用零冠词:Decisions in the EU are based on consensus.欧盟的决定是基于共识作出的。
(2)抽象名词前用零冠词:Wisdom is better than strength.智慧胜于力量。
抽象名词是概念化的东西,不是具体的事物,因此不需要特指或泛指,采用零冠词。
(3)专有名词前用零冠词:Beijing is a large city. 北京是个大城市。
专有名词的唯一性决定了要采用零冠词。
(前)中(后):(前修饰①限定词部分+前修饰②形容词部分)+ 中心词部分+ (后修饰部分)1. 核心理解:该位置的形容词在传统语法上称之为前置定语,主要用于描述名词,内涵是稳定不变,与名词本身所代表的常态不变类似。
2. 规则:该位置是形容词词性,只要放在该位置,一律视为形容词。
例:a diligent student 勤奋的学生a confusing plot 令人困惑的情节a broken heart 心碎3. 前②位置出现形容词词组前②位置是一个形容词词组,需要用一个连字符,构成复合形容词。
史上最全的英语语法大全(精心整理)
英语语法1.名词1.1名词复数的规则变化1.2其他名词复数的规则变化1.3名词复数的不规则变化1.4不可数名词量的表示1.5定语名词的复数1.6不同国家的人的单复数1.7名词的格2.冠词和数词2.1不定冠词的用法2.2定冠词的用法2.3零冠词的用法2.4冠词与形容词+名词结构2.5冠词位置2.6数词3.代词3.1人称代词的用法3.2人称代词之主、宾格的替换3.3代词的指代问题3.4并列人称代词的排列顺序3.5物主代词3.6双重所有格3.7反身代词3.8相互代词3.9指示代词3.10疑问代词3.11关系代词3.12every,no,all,both,neither,nor3.13none,few,some,any,one,ones3.14代词比较辩异one,that和it3.15one/another/the other3.16“the”的妙用3.17anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each 3.18both,either,neither,all,any,none 3.19many,much3.20few,little,a few,a little4.形容词和副词4.1形容词及其用法4.2以-ly结尾的形容词4.3用形容词表示类别和整体4.4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序4.5副词及其基本用法4.6兼有两种形式的副词4.7形容词与副词的比较级4.8as+形容词或副词原级+as 4.9比较级形容词或副词+than 4.10可修饰比较级的词4.11many,old和far4.12the+最高级+比较范围4.13和more有关的词组5.动词5.1系动词5.2什么是助动词5.3助动词be的用法5.4助动词have的用法5.5助动词do的用法5.6助动词shall和will的用法5.7助动词should和would的用法5.8短语动词5.9非谓语动词6.动名词6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语6.2Worth的用法7动词不定式7.1不定式作宾语7.2不定式作补语7.3不定式主语7.4It's for sb.和It's of sb.7.5不定式作表语7.6不定式作定语7.7不定式作状语7.8用作介词的to7.9省to的动词不定式7.10动词不定式的否定式7.11不定式的特殊句型too…to…7.12不定式的特殊句型so as to 7.13不定式的特殊句型Why not 7.147不定式的时态和语态7.15动名词与不定式8.特殊词精讲8.1stop doing/to do8.2forget doing/to do8.3remember doing/to do8.4regret doing/to do8.5cease doing/to do8.6try doing/to do8.7go on doing/to do英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法,群里都是说英语,没有半个中文,而且规则非常严格,是一个超级不错的英语学习环境,群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人,还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
高考英语语法专题名词
高考英(Ying)语语法专题名词答(Da)案:introduction由空格前的定冠词the可知其后(Hou)应接名词作介词with的宾语.2.(2017·全国(Guo)卷Ⅲ,66)She is determined to carry on with her________ (educate).答(Da)案:education形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语.由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education.3.(2017·浙江高考,56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.答案:carrots由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……;少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots.4.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案:studies根据句子谓语动词show可知,主语应该是名词的复数形式.5.(2016·全国(Guo)卷Ⅰ,61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).答(Da)案:attraction根据空格前的形容词top可知应用(Yong)名词,形容词常用作定语来修饰名词.6.(2016·全国(Guo)卷Ⅱ,42)Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve).答(Da)案:achievement介词of后要用名词作宾语.a sense ofachievement “成就感”.7.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister.答案:days few修饰可数名词复数,故答案为days.every few days “每隔几天”.8.(2016·江苏高考,阅读C)The weather ________(effect), both good and bad, are felt in many places.答案:effects句子的谓语为are felt,由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects.9.(2016·北京高考,阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案:growth形容词important用来修饰名词;根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列. 10.(2015·浙江高考,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案:stress动词reduce后需用名词作宾语,stress “压力,紧张”,是不可数名词.句意:减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受.一、可数(Shu)名词的数可数名词都有单(Dan)数和复数之分.(一)名词复数的(De)规则变化(二)名词(Ci)复数的不规则变化二、不可数(Shu)名词不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词,一般没有单(Dan)复数之分.1.常考的(De)不可数名词2.抽象名词(Ci)具体化抽象名词在表(Biao)示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常见的和常考的有:3.物质名词的复(Fu)数现象(1)有些物质名词(Ci)用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物.paper(纸)—papers(证件(Jian),论文)custom(风(Feng)俗习惯)—customs(海关)arm(胳膊(Bo))—arms(武器,装备)air(空气)—airs(摆架子,装腔作势)(2)有一些物质名词用复数形式,表示由大量该物质组成的事物. sand(沙子)—sands(沙滩,沙漠)water(水)—waters(水域,水体)time(时间)—times(时代)wood(木头(Tou),木材)—woods(树林)(3)有些物质名词用复数形(Xing)式表示不同的种类,如food, wine,metal, fish, vegetable等(Deng).The wines of France are among the best in the world.三、名(Ming)词的所有格1.有生命的名词,其所(Suo)有格一般在名词后加-'s.his father's boss 他爸爸的老板2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格.today's paper 今天的报纸England's shore 英国的海岸the car's design 这辆车的设计We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.3.在某些习惯用语中,也需要加-'s所有格.for friendship's sake 为了友情at a stone's throw 一箭之远at one's finger's tip 手头上有at arm's length 保持距离;在伸手可及处at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷4.无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系.the window of the room 这个房间的窗户5.如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s.Jane and Mary's mother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关(Guan)系)Jane's and Mary's mothers简的妈妈和(He)玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)6.双重(Zhong)所有格:“a/two/some ...+名词+of+名词's/名词性(Xing)物主代词”构成双重所(Suo)有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物.a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Although these _______ (measure) are not effective forever, they are vitalfor now.答案:measures根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断,主语应用复数形式measures.2.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste a widevariety of ________ (apple).答案:apples a (wide) variety of “各种各样的”,修饰复数名词.句意:在苹果节人们可以看到,并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果.3.The __________ (life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks tothe effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.答案:lives句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式,由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语.4.It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________答(Da)案:介(Jie)词of之后要用名词, a form of“一种沟通方(Fang)式”.5. I had no ________ (choose) but to prepare for it, though.答(Da)案:choice形容词no后面应(Ying)跟名词.have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”,固定搭配.6.Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案:adjustments句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校将做出调整.make adjustments是固定表达,意为“做出调整”.7.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ (think) and then let me know.答案:thought句意:现在没必要告诉我你的答案.认真考虑,然后告诉我.some后应跟名词,thought “思索,考虑”.8.Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ (child) hungrystomach.答案:child's此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”,空后是名词stomach,提示词是child,空前是不定冠词a,故用child的所有格形式. 9.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his________ (balanced) and had a bad fall.答(Da)案:balance句意:小(Xiao)男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤.根据空(Kong)格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语.lose one's balance “失去(Qu)平衡”.10.—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money fora new one?—That's a good ________ (suggest).答(Da)案:suggestion句意:——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车,为什么不先买一辆二手车呢?——这是个好建议.由常识可知形容词修饰名词,故good 后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion.Ⅱ.单句改错1.“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background._____________________________________________________答案:grow→growth考查词性转换.由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth.2. As a witness, he gave the police a vivid descriptions of the accident._____________________________________________________答案:descriptions→description考查名词.description “描述,描写”,give sb. a description为固定短语,意为“向某人作描述”.3.You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed._____________________________________________________答案:possessions→possession考查固定短语.take possession of “拥有,占有”,固定搭配.4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill.____________________________________________________答(Da)案:skill→skills考查名(Ming)词的数.由many修饰可数名词复数可知(Zhi)应用skills.5.Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.____________________________________________________答(Da)案:第一(Yi)个me→mine 考查双重所有格.此处表示“我的几个朋友”,应用“n.+of+名词性物主代词”结构.Ⅲ.语法填空1__ (I) published. Although I've tried hard, none of my __2__ (book) have been published. This is really ____ (upset).3This morning, Ireceived a call from a publisher and __4__(tell) once again that there was no way my book would be published. ____ (feel) sad, I left home and5went to the park near my apartment. At the park, I sat down on the bench near the grass.While I was sitting there, I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. Hewas running on the grass, ____ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy6when he enjoyed the__7__ (free) of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass,ued to run as fast __but he quickly got up and contin8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing____ (happen).910Seeing that, I was ____(true) inspired. I suddenly realized that Ishouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead, I should cheer up and keep on trying.1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9.________ 10.________篇章导(Dao)读:本(Ben)文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地(Di)上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景,从而受到启发:人生遇到挫折不能气馁,而是要振作起来,继续努力奋斗.1.mine考(Kao)查双重所有格.由(You)设空前的“a book of”可知,应填名词性物主代词,且此处表示“我的一本书”,故填mine.2.books考查名词的数.根据主谓一致原则,none of后可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词复数形式,book为可数名词,故应填books.3.upsetting考查词性转换.副词really修饰形容词,this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事,由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语.4.was told考查动词的语态和时态.句意:我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版.句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系,因此需用被动语态,且由“this morning”可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态.5.Feeling考查非谓语动词.feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I,是主动关系,因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语,表示原因.Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad.6.with考查介词.with的复合结构作伴随状语.7.freedom考查词性转换.根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词,即在草地上奔跑的自由.8.as考(Kao)查连词.as fast as he could “尽可能(Neng)快地”,as ... as为固(Gu)定结构.9.had happened考查(Cha)动词的时态.句意:摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来,依然面带笑容(Rong)地奔跑着,好像什么事也没有发生似的.根据语境可知,as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设,因此需用虚拟语气.10.truly考查词性转换.句意:看到此情此景,我真的受到启发.副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired.Ⅳ.短文改错Dear Peter,I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so in this way you can learn fromteachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible.Besides, it is good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and rememberChinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which you will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning Chinese, too. We hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours ,Li Hua答案:Dear Peter ,I'm glad to give you some advices ①advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here is ②are a few suggestions.First, it is important to take a Chinese course, so ③becausein this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helped ④helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it \⑤it∧is possible. Besides, it is ∧⑥agood idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easier ⑦easily. You can also make more Chinese friends, from which ⑧whomyou will learn a lot about China. They can help you learning ⑨learn Chinese, too. We ⑩Ihope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua1.advices→advice 考查不可(Ke)数名词.advice是不可(Ke)数名词,没有复数形式.2.is→are 考查主谓(Wei)一致.主(Zhu)语suggestions是复数形式,谓语动词也应该用复数.3.so→because 考查(Cha)连词.后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因,而非结果.4.helped→helps 考查动词的时态.本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处,应用一般现在时.5.去掉whenever后的it或(Huo)在it后加is 考查省(Sheng)略.whenever it is possible的(De)省略形式为whenever possible.6.good idea前(Qian)加a 考查名(Ming)词的数.idea是可数名词.7.easier→easily 考查副词.修饰谓语动词learn and remember应用副词.8.which→whom 考查关系代词.定语从句的先行词Chinese friends是指人的名词短语,且关系词在从句中作宾语,故关系代词应用whom.9.learning→learn 考查非谓语动词.help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”.10.We→I 考查人称代词.根据短文开头I'm glad to give you some ... 可知,应将We改为I.。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解2---冠词(解析版)
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题二冠词一、不定冠词微专题易错点1.不定冠词 a/an 表示人或事物的某一类(泛指)①用于辅音音素发音开头的词前, 如:a book;a②用于元音音素发音开头的词前,如 an ant , an interesting storyan注意:以元音字母开头,发音却以辅音音素开头的单词,如: a European, a university, a usual job, 以辅音字母开头,发音却以元音音素开头的单词,如: an hour,an honest boy, an unusual job 注意字母发音,a “u” ;an “a/e/i/o/f/h/l/m/n/r/s/x”2.相当于one Give me a glass of water. 给我一杯水。
3.相当于 any, every, per A square has four sides. 正方形有4条边。
4. a/an+物质名词/专有名词/抽象名词:"a/an+物质名词”表示“一阵一场,一杯”等a heavy rain 一场大雨 ; a coffee 译本:一杯咖啡"a/an+专有名词”表示"某一个不认识的人”a Mr. WangA Mr.Smith has called to see you. 有位史密斯先生打电话要见你。
"a/an+抽象名词”表示"一个具体的人或物”a success 一个成功的人/一件成功的事;a failure一个失败的人/一件失败的事5.表示一种,一场或某次动作的一次,一番 It was a just war. 那是一场正义之战。
6.表示引起某种情绪的事 It's a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴与你交谈。
7.表示性质特征等“相同” They are of a height.他们一样高。
8.a/an+序数词/形容词最高级+单数可数名词:"a/an+序数词” 表示“又一,再一” give me a second chance"a/an+形容词最高级+单数可数名词”表示"非常的.." a most interesting book9.含有不定冠词的固定搭配as a result/consequence结果 keep an eye on照看take a rest/break休息一下 in a word简言之in a hurry匆忙地 in a way/sense在某种意义上make a living谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上pay a visit to 参观;拜访 go on a diet节食at a loss不知所措 give sb. a hand / do sb. a favor 帮助某人have a cold感冒 all of a sudden 突然have a fever/temperature 发烧 give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车have a gift for... 在……方面有天赋 have a word with 与……谈话a waste of... 浪费…… once in a while 偶尔二、定冠词the微专题易错点1.特指某人某事①这些人或事往往是第二次提到的John bought a TV set and a radio, but he returned the radio the next day.约翰买了一台电视和一个收音机,但次日他就把收音机退了回去。
高中英语写作中常出现的十大语法错误
高中英语写作中常出现的十大语法错误高中英语写作中常出现的十大语法错误引导语:高中生在英语学习中或多或少都会存在错误,尤其是在英语作文写作中,语法错误不可避免,下面应届毕业生培训网就整理了高中英语写作常出现的一些错误,希望大家能够引以为鉴。
一、主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性(person/number agreement)错误由于汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。
而学生主要用汉语思维,因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。
例如:1.A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.2.He go to school by bike every day.分析:a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。
b中He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
二、时态(Tense)错误高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。
英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。
中文里没有时态区分。
动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如“着”、“了”、“过”等副词小词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。
实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。
例如:1.A baby can cry as soon as it was born.2.I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.3.I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.正确的句子:1.A baby can cry as soon as it is born.2.I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.3.I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.分析:第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。
英语语法专题名词和冠词ppt
are to animals. ( 06山东 ) A. as B. that C. what D. which
4.Engines are to machines ____ hearts
复合句的种类
without mentioning ____ his teammates had done. ( 06上海 ) A. what B. which C. why D. while
名词复数的规则变化(5)
a tomato some tomatoes some potatoes some heroes Heroes love tomatoes and potatoes.
名词复数的不规则变化(1)
foot -- feet child - children tooth -- teeth mouse -- mice
exercise-exercises
名词复数的规则变化(3)
以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加-s变复数: two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
| |专有名词 | |
| 名 | | 个体名词 | |
| | | | 可数名词 |
| | | 集体名词 | |
| |普通名词 | | |
| 词 | | 物质名词 | |
副词,介词短语或句 子
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语 补足语
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形容词,名词,介词 短语等
She always keeps the house clean.
高考英语语法名词冠词和代词考点精讲
高考英语语法名词冠词和代词考点精讲知识讲解知识点一名词2.可数名词复数的不规则变化(1)改变单数名词内部元音字母。
如:foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—mice,man—men, woman—women, goose—geese。
(2)由man, woman构成的合成名词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如one Englishman, two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans。
注:man, woman作定语的复合名词变复数时,将两部分皆变为复数形式。
如:women doctors, men cooks。
boy和girl作定语时,只变中心词。
如:girl students。
(3)外来词。
如:basis—bases, crisis—crises, analysis—analyses, medium—media。
(4)单复数同形的名词。
如:deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, works (工厂), means, crossroads, series, spacecraft, aircraft, headquarters。
(5)常以复数形式出现的名词。
如:clothes衣服, glasses眼镜, chopsticks筷子, compasses圆规, scales天平, trousers裤子, goods货物, contents目录, times时代, surroundings环境, belongings 财产, earnings收入, arms武器, manners礼貌, customs海关, papers文件。
(6)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如:people, police。
有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。
常见的这类词有:paper纸—papers论文water水—waters水域custom习惯—customs海关manner方式—manners礼貌look看—looks外貌time时间—times时代wood木材—woods树林sand沙子—sands沙滩注:表示“两个人共有……”时,需在最后一个名词后加“-s”;当表示“两个人各自有……”时,两个名词后都要加“-s”。
高考英语一轮总复习专题一名词和冠词学案(含解析)新人教版
语法专题突破专题一名词和冠词考点精讲一名词考点一可数名词1可数名词变复数形式时一般在词尾加s或es,变化形式如下表:构成方法例词一般在词尾加s map→maps,sea→seas,girl→girls以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加es (stomach 除外) class→classes,box→b oxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes以f或fe 结尾的词变f或fe为v,再加esleaf→leaves,knife→knives,wife→wives,wolf→wolves加sbelief→beliefs,chief→chiefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,gulf→gulfs,safe→safes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es party→parties,family→families,story→stories,pany→panies以元音字母加y结尾的名词,加s toy→toys,boy→boys,day→days,ray→rays以辅音字母加o结尾的名词一般加eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes不少外来词加spiano→pianos,photo→photos,kilo→kilos两者皆可volcano→volcanoes/volcanos以元音字母加o结尾的名词加sradio→radios,bamboo→bamboos,z oo→zoos名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:构成方法例词增加字母child→children,ox→oxen且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.英语知识在国际贸易中是必不可少的。
It is a waste of time reading such a novel.读这种小说就是浪费时间。
高中语法复习专题一--名词和冠词
专题一名词和冠词(一)名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。
friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh时一般加es。
bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(3)词尾是辅音字母+y时,变y为i再加es。
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母+y时,直接加s。
guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时,多将f或fe变为ves。
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词,有些直接加s,有些加es。
bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录:名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语,但不能作谓语。
记法:规则变化名词单数变复数,直接加-s占多数;s,x,z,ch,sh来结尾,直接加上-es;词尾是f或fe,加-s之前先变ve;辅母+y在词尾,把y变i再加-es;词尾字母若是o,常用三个已足够,要加-es请记好,hero, tomato, potato。
2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚;英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数,是在中心名词后加-s。
初中英语冠词的常见错误及纠正方法
初中英语冠词的常见错误及纠正方法初中英语中常见的冠词错误有:
1. 缺少冠词:有时学生会忘记在名词前加上适当的冠词。
例如,“I have cat”应该改为“I have a cat”。
2. 不必要的冠词:有时学生会误用冠词,将其加在不需要的地方。
例如,“I want to go to the school”应该改为“I want to go to school”。
3. 冠词错用:学生们有时会错误地使用不同的冠词。
例如,“I
like an apple”应该改为“I like apples”。
纠正这些冠词错误的方法包括:
1.多读多写:通过多读多写英语文章和句子,加强对冠词的掌握和理解。
2. 注意语法规则:学生们应该熟悉英语中冠词的使用规则,包括定冠词(the)、不定冠词(a/an)和零冠词(不使用冠词)的情况,以便正确地运用于句子中。
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名词的分类
专有名词和普通名词
专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称, 如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词, 如:book,sadness等。
普通名词又分为四类
1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的 个体,如:apple。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的 集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实 物,如:milk。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、 感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数 名词(Countable Nouns) 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不 可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)
所以一般情况下我们所说的名词复数指的就是可 数名词的复数问题
名词复数的规Leabharlann 变化(1)一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/ map-maps book-books
bag-bags
2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ car-cars
名词复数的规则变化(2)
以s, sh, ch,x 等结尾的词 加 -es读 /iz/
词变复数时,直接加-s变复数:
monkey---monkeys
holiday---holidays
名词复数的规则变化(4)
以f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加-s
roof---roofs
b. 去f, fe 加-ves half---halves knife---knives leaf---
leaves wolf---wolves life---lives
thief---thieves
c. 均可
handkerchief -- handkerchiefs /
handkerchieves
一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof) 上面有个保险箱(safe)。
D • 8. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.
• A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves
Homework
• Finish all the exercisers in the WB.
piece cup glass/bottle pair
提高型 练习
A • 1. –How many do you want?-Two, please.
• A. kilos of eggs B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of egg D. kilo of bread
D • 2. –Help yourself to some _________.
a German
some Germans
American --Americans Canadian--Canadians
Australian--Australians
a policeman
some policemen
Englishman – Englishmen Frenchman -- Frenchmen
一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life)危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife) 杀死了一只狼(wolf)。
名词复数的规则变化(5)
a tomato
some tomatoes
Heroes love tomatoes and potatoes.
some potatoes
有些词通常都是复数形式: shoes, gloves, …
必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(2)
d. people有两种意思:人/人们;民族
There are 56 peoples in China.
民族(加-s构成复数)
There are 56 people in the room.
人(们)(本身就是复数)
• Review what we learnt in this period.
Thank you for listening.
谢谢!
bus-buses
watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ bridge- bridges exercise-exercises
名词复数的规则变化(3)
以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名
e.这些是最常见的不可数名词,一般都没有复数形式 news, information, weather, work(工作),
bread, knowledge, advice, fun
但是可以加上一些表示单位的名词来够成短语:
a ____ of paper / bread / meat / work / advice a ____ of tea / coffee a ____of water / milk a ____ of glasses / trousers / gloves
名词复数的不规则变 化(4):好玩的 “fish”
可数名词
one fish 一条鱼
fishes 不同种类的鱼/各种 各样的鱼
不可数名词 some fish一些鱼肉
three fishes 三条鱼
Exercise
写出下列名词的复数形式: 1. pencil-box ______ 2. wife _______ 3. Sunday ________ 4. city ______ 5. dress _______ 6. Englishman ________ 7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________ 9. zoo ________ 10. exam________ 11. Ger man ____ 12.child________
C • 7. Yesterday a few _____ came to visit some ______ in Shantou.
• A. German; places of interest B. Germans; places of interests • C. Germans; places of interest D. Germen; places of interest
⑤有些名词的复数形式表示特别的意义。
papers(报纸,稿件) works(工厂,作品) times(时代) drinks(饮料) manners(礼貌) ⑥部分物质名词可以用复数表示种类。
silks
fruits foods
⑦word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用,也不用
数。
守信
keep one’s word
报纸/试卷/文件/讲义 – 纸张 次数/倍数 – 时间 玻璃杯 – 玻璃 房间 – 空间 鱼 – 鱼肉
b.有些词虽以-s结尾但却是单数: news , physics , politics, ...
c.有些词始终是复数形式: people(人们), clothes, trousers, glasses(眼镜) , works(著作), goods(货物), times(时代)...
some heroes
foot -- feet
tooth -- teeth
名词复数的不规则变化(1)
child - children
mouse -- mice
名词复数的不规则变化(2)
man -- men woman -- women
men doctors
women teachers
一些需要强调的表示人的名词复数
• -Thank you. I really like them.(2001汕头) • A. fish B. orange C. bread D. cakes
C • 3. The little baby has two _______ already.(2001天津)
• A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
与某人说句话
have a word/a few words 与w某it人h吵s嘴b.
have words wit留h言sb.
leave word 简而言之
in a word
in other words 换句话说
必须注意的若干名词方面的问题(1)
a.有些词既可数又不可数但意思不同:
paper time glass room fish …