高级英语 第四单元
高级英语unit4--课后练习答案（第6册）
高级英语unit4--课后练习答案（第6册）Unit 4P60Language workI．1. defy= refuse to obey violate=act against2. participating in= taking part in are banished from= are expelled3. we transcend the mundane= we go beyond our uninteresting everyday world4. undoes= works against , reverses the effect of5. usher in = lead, bring in affluence= prospering6. masquerades as = disguise itself as culminate in= ends with7. rendered in= presented inbrought to life= made more real and exciting8. regress to= go back to filter out=remove9. inherent in= intrinsic be taken for rides= cheated, deceived10. rely on= depend onII.1. fictionalized2. Containment3. violation4. perpetually5. transcend6. weightless7. disenchantment 8. affluence9. constraints 10. falsifiedIII.1.of the essence2. revolve around3. conform to4. floated out through5. concealing from6. usher in7. masquerading as 8. culminated in9. brought … to life 10. inherent in11. magic wand 12. revealing aboutIV. (注意掌握词语的引申意义)1.a computer simulation= a model of a problem or course of eventsmade y computer2.is defying= is not changed by3.were banished from=were sent out from4.evolutionary=gradual/doc/238667844.html,her in= celebrate6.filter out= remove7.don’t rely on finding me here= don’t expect to find me here8.a narcissist (n.) = a person with great admiration for himself9.conform to = meets or reaches10.floating around= spreading around, circulating among people V. P62改错name forput on →删除onin Arab→ in Arabiccompany like → company looked like 或者company was like publicity → publicother appalled→ other people 或者othersto used → to be usedforget → forgothead of a train→ head out of a traindisguste d→ disgustingVI.1. knew2. reality3. interests4. joined5. covered6. returned7. career8. start9. success 10. with 11. production 12. won 13. released 14. technique 15. cost 16. considered 17. motion 18. 20th 19. past 20. neverP63Translation1．Mundane matters such as going to the market to buy food do not interest her. ( The mundane)2．I still remember my carefree student days.3．It’s very difficult to undo the damage caused by inadequate parenting in a child’s early years. (It’s hard to remove…the damage because of …, due to…);4．The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance. (The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.)5．The Venice Film Festival has always been the showcase of the Italian cinema.6．She suffered brain damage from a car accident and regressed to the mental age of a five-year-old. (Because of …..,her brain was damaged and the intelligence regressed to….) 7．Be careful or he’ll take you for a ride. (you will be taken for a ride)8．Her story is a cautionary tale for women traveling alone.( alarming)9．She left her home and traveled across the sea in search of a utopia, but she never found it.10．The essence of his argument was that education should continue through our lives.P64 II.Movie experts say Walt Disney was responsible for the development of the art of animation. Disney’s artists tried to put life into every drawing. That meant they had to feel all the emotions of the cartoon creatures: happiness, sadness, anger, fear. The artists looked at themselves in a mirror and expressed each emotion: a smile, tears, a red face, wide-opened eyes. Then they drew that look on the face of each cartoon creature.Disney’s art of animation reached its highest point in 1940 with themovie Pinocchio. The story is about a wooden toy that comes to life as a little boy. Disney’s artists drew flat pictures. Yet they created a work of space and solid objects. Pinocchio was an imaginary world, yet it worked very real.。
高级英语unit 4片段讲解
They are very different, though they did seem to go on well when they met.
他们大不相同，可是见面后好像确实相处的不错。
opposite effect. 她试着让他平静下来，却似乎火上浇油了。 your opposite number (另一个单位) 与自己职位相等的人 the opposite sex 异性
n. 对立的人，对立面 prep. 与...相对，在...对面 与...合演 She starred opposite Tom Hanks.
continuation 继续，连续(of/ in sth.) This year saw a continuation in the upward trend in sales.
今年销售呈持续增长趋势。 延续部分，续篇 附加物，延续物
continue continual 多次重复的，频繁的 continuous 不断的，持续的
公司以无比的智慧决定关掉职工食堂。 无限的无穷尽的（without limits/ ends） finite 有限的
Imagination, faced with either the end of the world or its continuation, must remain incompelete. Only action can satisfy.
What do we need to meet the more important challenge of eliminating nuclear weapon?
高英Unit 4精华笔记
Unit 4Text 11. dispatchbe dispatched to do sth = be send to do sth 被派遣做某事2. constitute = form/ make up3. in existence 现存的，现有的The temple is the oldest one in existence in China .4 .the name/date/title escapes me 忘记① I recognized her face but her name escapes me.② Nothing escaped his attention.5. methodical / methodically 有条理的、有条理地He does things methodically.6. as it happens 恰巧、正好① As it happens, we have got a room vacant.② I saw him yesterday as it happens.7. It is left sb to do sth 把…事留给某人来做It is left dad to get the packing done.8. artistry9. char10. corpse/corps11. technically speaking= in technical terms12.be branded with 留下…的烙印Each cow was branded with the ranch’s logo.13. cartDon’t put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置14.fireball 火球15.thermal 热的、热能的16.ledge 壁架17.ditch 沟渠18. unearthly19. for good=for good and all=forever20. otherwiseHe reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.21. (VP) the true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared.22.A lies not in sth but in sth 不在于…而在于…23. rubble24. wreckage25.be dotted with 布满、分布The lake was dotted with sailboats.26. absencein the absence of 缺失缺乏～any evidence, the police had to let him go.27. in a flash 瞬间28.c ome into one’s own物尽其用、得到公认、充分发挥其能力①The two folk languages will at last come into their own.②Your suggestion will come into its own.③After many years of hard work, he came into his own.29. stumble30. outskirts31. in certain/some/one respects32. spare sb trouble/difficulty/pain 免除某人的麻烦…They did what they could to spare him any pain.33. intact=entire34. the end of the world= the doomed day 世界末日35. apprehend=fear36. peril=danger37. once and for all= completely38. counterpoise=counterbalanceHis fear of his father is counterpoised by a genuine respect.39. continuation40. none the＋比较级并没有…而…①I am none the wiser for your explanation.我并没有因为你的解释而开窍。
2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(4)
2021年《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（4）lesson4 本身选择死亡方式Lesson Four Die as You Choose制定关于安泰死的法律已经到了不能再回避的地步。
The need for laws on euthanasia cannot be dodged for much longer.在世界上某个较小的国家里，安泰死被医疗机构遍及接受，每年都有数千例公开实施。
In one of the world’s smaller countries，mercy-killing is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year.而在某个世界大国，安泰死虽然经常受到医疗机构的公开谴责，每年却以数倍于此的次数奥秘实施，且从未公之于众。
In one of the world’s biggest countries，euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment，secretly practiced many times more often，and almost never comes to light.但是，在上述阿谁国家有医生因为实施安泰死而在监狱里服刑呢？Which of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails？是在小国荷兰。
荷兰制定了有关安泰死的法律，能有效地办理它。
It is the small one，Holland，which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively.那位荷兰的医生违反了他国家的规定。
The Dutch doctor broke his country’s rules.有关安泰死的问题在所有国家都存在，决不仅出现在美国这个禁止安泰死的大国。
高级英语 unit4 language points 最新
Language Points of Unit Fourwait for 1）等待, 等候I've been waiting for the bus for half an hour.我等车已等了半个小时了。
2）观望形势后再作决定, 见风使舵She waited for the cat to jump before she made up her mind.她观望了形势以后才作出决定。
wait for call 等待呼唤I'll call you up at the office tomorrow morning; please wait for my call.我明天上午在办公室给你挂电话，请等我的电话。
wait for dead men's shoes等待别人死去以继承遗产The sons are waiting for dead men's shoes,but their father is still healthy.儿子们等着分遗产，可他们的父母却依然健在。
wait for the cat to jump 观望形势然后行动;看风使舵,随机应变Extend: means prolonged, continued; enl★rged in influence, meaning, scope, etc. Eg: Extended care: nursing care provided for a limited time after a hospital stay///Extended family : a group of relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, often including a nucle★r family, living together, esp. three generations are involved)大家庭,扩大的家庭(如数代同堂的家庭)clay: n.粘土, 泥土, Moist, sticky earth;,as clay in the hands of the potter任凭摆布dead and turned to clay死了Soil n.土壤, The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rockand mineral particles mixed with organic matter.Eg: Light, water, air and soil are essenti★l to the oilEarth: n., , The softer, friable part of land; soil, especially productive soil.泥：软且易碎的陆地部分；土，尤指肥沃的泥土Mud Wet, sticky, soft earth, as on the b★nks of a river. 泥：湿润、粘而软的泥土，如在河岸上Eg: The wheels are covered with mud.Fine: not coarse, in small particles.1）纤细的She likes to use pencils with fine points; I don't.她喜欢用笔头尖细的铅笔, 我不喜欢。
高级英语Unit4AliceWalker生平
Unit 4Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944, the eighth and last child of Willie Lee and Minnie Lou Grant Walker, who were sharecroppers. ['ʃeə,krɔpə] <美>佃农When Alice Walker was years old, she lost sight of one eye when one of her older brothers shot her with a BB gunby accident. In high school, Alice Walker was[,vælidik'tɔ:riən]致辞别辞者,辞别演说者of her,外加a"rehabilitation.[,ri:hə,bɪlɪ'teɪʃən]复兴scholarship" made it possible for her to go to Spelman, a college for black women in Atlanta, Georgia. After spending two years at Spelman, she transferred to SarahLawrenceCollege in New York, and during her junior year traveled to Africaas an exchange student. She received her bachelor of arts degreefrom SarahLawrenceCollege in 1965.After finishing college, Walker lived for a short time in New York, then from the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s,she lived in Tougaloo, Mississippi, during which time she had a daughter, Rebecca, in 1969. Alice Walker was active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's, and in the 1990's she is still an involved activist. She has spoken for the women's movement,the anti-apartheid['æntiə'pɑ:θaid]反种族隔离的movement, for the anti-nuclear movement, and so on.Alice Walker started her own publishing company, Wild Trees Press, in 1984. She currently resides in Northern Californiawith her dog, Marley.She receivedthe Pulitzer Prize in 1983 for The Color Purple.Among her numerous awards and honors are the Lillian Smith Award from theNational Endowment[en'daʊmənt](经常的)资助,捐助;捐助的财物等for the Arts, the Rosenthal['rəuzəntɑ:l](陶瓷)罗森塔尔制造的Award from the National Institute of Arts & Letters, a nomination for the National Book Award, a Radcliffe['rædklif]拉德克利夫(姓氏)Institute Fellowship, a Merrill Fellowship, a Guggenheim ['ɡuɡənhaim]格瓦拉的追随者Fellowship, and the Front Page Award for Best Magazine Criticism from the Newswoman's Club of New York. She also has received the Townsend Prize and a Lyndhurst Prize.紫色?获得普利策文学奖，使艾丽丝·沃克声名鹊起，成为美国历史上第一位获此殊荣的黑人女作家。
高级英语 Unit4 Nettles PPT
• when they first met,she was eight and he was nine. They have a period of happy time when Mike's father worked for her family, such as, they climbed into the cab when it rained. They played the game of war,she made weapons for Mike,and her name was called by Mike. Mike's father's job was all finished.Mike's father would leave the farm and move to another place for the new job, Mike would of course leave with his father.
《纽约客》(The New Yorker)，1925年创刊，周刊，美国纽 豪斯家族属下的康德· 纳斯特出版公司主办。综合文艺类刊物， 内容涉及政治观察、人物介绍、社会动态、电影、音乐戏剧、 书评、小说、幽默散文、艺术、诗歌等方面。该刊强调精品 意识，注重刊物质量，编辑方针严肃认真。 《纽约客》原为 周刊，后改为每年42期周刊加5个双周刊。从创刊伊始， 《纽约客》就特意表明，该杂志面向那些能够欣赏其幽默和 深入报道的读者。它将纽约市作为杂志的中心，使得这个城 市的网络，这个城市对戏剧、电影、博物馆的宠爱都成为一 种具有吸引人的商品。
• Marriage and divorce are both common experiences. In Western cultures, more than 90 percent of people marry by age 50. Healthy marriages are good for couples’ mental and physical health. They are also good for children; growing up in a happy home protects children from mental, physical, educational and social problems. However, about 40 to 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The divorce rate for subsequent marriages is even higher.
高英精品人教版必修4Unit4教案
Unit 4 Body LanguageWarming up and reading(一)there dimensional teaching aimsKnowledge and skill:1. Let the students know more about body language.2. Let the students can talk about body language freely.Ability aims:1. Encourage students to think about body language and talk about it.2. Learn to respect other cultures.3. Train students’ speaking ability through individual and group work.Emotional aims:1. To arise students’ interest in learning English.2. Let students have a better understanding of different customs.(二) Teaching important points1. Master language points and can use them to talk about body language.2. Learn to show respect to other cultures.(三) Teaching difficult points1. Talk about body language with partners by using new expressions.2. Have a better understanding of the whole passage.(四) Teaching methods1. Task-based teaching and learning.2. Pair work or group work to make every student learn in class.3. Asking-and- answering activity to help students understand the words andphrases.(五) Teaching aids:Blackboard and PPT(六) Teaching proceduresStep 1 GreetingToday we are going to use a different way to start our class, you guys need look at me and I will do some acting, you guys need do what I want you to do.Step 2 lead-in1. The definition of body language: a form of communication without using anywords.Body language: gesture, eye contact, facial expression, postureStep 3 warming up1. Different ways to meet or partShow some pictures about how to greet and how to say goodbye to each other.2. Do the gestureShow some picture about gesture and give the explanation of its different meanings.Step 4 ReadingTask 1 Fast readingRead the passage carefully and divide the passage into 4 parts. Match the main idea of each part.Para 1 A.Different people have different body language.Para 2&3 B. Summary of body language.Para 4 C. Meet the visitors at the airport.Para 5 D. People from different countries express greetings indifferent ways.Task 2 careful readingRead the first paragraph carefully and finish the T or F questions( T ) 1. Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year'sinternational students.( F ) 2. After an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.( T ) 3. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.Read the second and third paragraph carefully and match the left with the right column.Mr Garcia (Columbia) Julia Smith (Britain)Darlene Coulon (France) Akria Nagata (Japan)George Cook (Canada) 1.shakes hands and kisses others twiceon each cheek2.approaches others closely andtouches their shoulder and kisses them on the cheek3.does not stand very close to others ortouch strangers4.bows5.shakes handFind out the two mistakes the writer found in the airport:He approaches Ms Smith(Columbia)by _______ ______ _________ and_______ her on the ________The firstmistakeJulia Smith from She ______ ________ appearing_________ (Britain) and take a few steps _______ ______ Mr.Garcia.Japanese He ________ to Mr. Cook and his nose_________ Mr. Cook’s _______ ________. The secondmistakeGeorge Cook He ________ ________ _______ ________ tothe Japanese.Task 3. careful readingListen the rest part carefully and choose the right answer.1.Besides spoken language, people also use “unspoken language” through___.A.physical distanceB. actionsC. postureD. all above2. ___ prefer to bow rather than kiss others on the cheek.A.The FrenchB. The JapaneseC. The AmericanD. The Chinese3. Which countries approach others closely expect___.A.AmericaB. SpainC. ItalyD. England4. Why do we need study international customs?A.avoid difficultiesB. for funC.go to study abroadD. international communicationTask 4 Post readingAnswer the following questions1. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” What do you think this famous saying means?This saying means that when we are in a certain place, we should follow the customs of the people who live in that place, not our own customs.2. Did any students have similar greeting customs? If so, which ones?Yes. Tony from Colombia and Darlene from France had a similar greeting custom—a kiss. George from Canada and Ahmed from Jordan also had a similar greeting custom—a handshake, but Ahmed shakes hands only with men.Step 5 DiscussionGive a speech about how different countries greet others. Your speech should include the following information.You may start like this:It is my great honor to give you a speech here.As we all know ,not all cultures greet each other the same way. In France, …It’s necessary to learn about some body language, because it can reduce somemisunderstanding and avoid difficulties in communications. Step 6 Daily sentencesWhen in Rome, do as the Romans doStep 7 EntertainmentCan you guess what the following gesture from Japan means? Step 8 HomeworkRecite the new words of unit 4 and prepare for next period.Finish the exercise I on page 27。
高级英语第二册unit 4
Unit 4John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) 35th president of the United States⏹Family Background Kennedy’s ancestors came from Ireland and he was the first Roman Catholic tobecome president of the U.S. He was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, where his grandfather had been elected to many offices. His father Joseph P. Kennedy became the youngest bank president of the country at the age of 25. On September 12, 1953, Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married. They had three children.He wrote "Profiles in Courage",《勇敢者传略》which won a Pulitzer prize.↗1947-1952 served as representative in the congress 1952 elected to the senate↗1960 won the Democratic nomination for president and defeated Richard Nixon, Republican Assassination His assassination at Dallas in November 1963 was a shock from which the U.S. has found it hard to recover and the murder is still a riddle. In 1963, Kennedy journeyed to Texas for a speech-making tour. on November 22, he and his wife were cheered as their open car passed through the streets. Suddenly, at 12:30 in the afternoon, an assassin fired several shots, striking the president twice in the base of the neck and the head. Kennedy was rushed to Hospital, where he was pronounced dead about a half hour later. Within two hours, Vice president Johnson took the oath as president.⏹Contributions1. His most important act was his successful demand on Oct.22, 1962 that the Soviet Union dismantle its missile bases in Cuba.2. He established a quarantine(隔离检疫期) of arms shipments to Cuba3. He defied Soviet attempts to force the Allies out of Berlin.4. He made the steel industry rescind(废除) a price rise.5. He backed: civil rights movements; a mental health program; arbitration of railroad disputes; expanded medical care for the aged; astronaut flights and satellite orbitingLincoln and Kennedy⏹Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.⏹Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.⏹The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.⏹Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.⏹Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.⏹Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.shot in the head.⏹Lincoln’s secretary was named Kennedy. Kennedy’s secretary was named Lincoln.⏹Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.⏹Both successors were named Johnson.⏹Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.⏹Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.⏹John Wilkes Booth, accused of assassinating Lincoln, was born in 1839.⏹Lee Harvey Oswald, accused of assassinating Kennedy, was born in 1939.⏹Both names comprise fifteen lettersInauguration Day On April 30,1789, George Washington stepped onto a balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, placed his hand on a Bible and swore to “preserve, protest and defend the constitution of the United States”. He then read an earnest speech, calling for “united and effective government”. Thus began a unique American institution—Inauguration Day—those dramatic hours when a new president faces the people for the first time. He must tell the people what he’s going to do as president.The Inauguration Day has been on January 20 since 1937.⏹Inaugural Address Memorable words have been uttered in inaugural address. It is a speech, lectureofficially made by a person on taking office.⏹General Analysis of a Political SpeechThe purpose of a political speech is to explain, convince and persuade the people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they should support him.1. He must try every possible means to arouse the feelings of audience. What he says represents the interests of the whole people. successful appeal to the emotion of the audience2. specific policy The speech must contain high-sounding words and empty promises3. The speech must be concise and short4. clever-choice of words to convey different meanings/tones.5. the use of biblical style to make it formal/ rigid.6. the use of a lot of rhetorical devices to make his address as powerful/ impressive as possibleAs President of the United States, Kennedy has to address a worldwide audience. He has to appeal not only to the American people but also to the different groups of nations in the international community⏹Social Background Kennedy became President in 1960’sCold war marks the situation in 1960’s. The world is mainly divided into two hostile camps.1)socialist camp—headed by the Soviet Union2) capitalist camp—headed by the U.S.Kennedy was an eloquent speaker. He is specially trained. This speech is very powerful and wonderful. He lays his emphasis on the successful appeal to the emotion of the listeners. In fact, most Americans regard his inaugural address as one of the best delivery by an American President.Section I (paras.1-5)Introduction, the general statement of the basic policy of the USSection II (paras.6-10) He addresses different groups of allied nations and would-be allied nations; friends and would-be friends.Section III (paras.11-20) His specific policy toward the enemy.1. point out the danger2. point out he position of strength3. point out the situation and need.Both sides feel uneasy. a) Both sides are overburdened with the cost of modern weapons.b) Both sides are anxious with the wide spread arms.c) Both try to change the uncertain balance of military power.⏹Proposals: 1. control arms 2 . use science for peace purpose 3. enjoy human rightsObject: to make a new world orderSection IV (paras.21-27) conclusionHe calls on the Americans to support him and to sacrifice their lives for their country. He calls on the people of the whole world to unit and work for the freedom of menDetailed Study of the TextPara.1: Kennedy is emphasizing the importance of his election as president. It is not simply a victory of the Democratic Party over the Republican Party. It celebrates the freedom of people to elect freely their own head of state. It symbolizes the end of one presidential term (that of Eisenhower) and the beginning of a new term (that of Kennedy). The presidency or the office of president is renewed.1.freedom: We celebrate freedom. People in the US are free to choose their president.2.end: the end of Eisenhower’s presidential term3.beginning: the beginning of Kennedy’s presidential term4.renewal: the continuation of presidency and office of president5.change: the change from Eisenhower to Kennedy6.solemn oath: refer to an extremely formal and inspiring religious ritual. very serious.7. a century and three-quarters ago: The first presidential oath taken by Washington on April 30, 1789⏹Para.2: the general situation of this worldQuestion: In what way is the world different? The world is different in the way of science and technology. People have modern and advanced science and technology.☐power: the power of science and technologyScience can be used to get rid of poverty. Science can be used to destroy all human beingsEg. Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.☐Man has made great progress in science and technology so he has the power (scientific farming, speedy transportation, mass production, etc.) to abolish poverty, but he also has the power (missiles, bombs, nuclear weapons, etc.) to destroy human life. Hence the world is different now.revolutionary belief: it refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of HappinessAnd yet the same... around the globe:Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.⏹Para.3: general policy of the US☐People in the US must keep and defend human rights not only in the US but also in the world as well. We dare not... first revolution: We dare not forget that we are the descendants of those who fought the war of independence. Hence we must always bear in mind the beliefs and ideals our ancestors fought and died for. We must be prepared, if necessary, to fight and die for them today.torch: metaphor. Its original reference is to the Olympic Games before which a torch is carried from runner to runner. Here it refers to “inspirations and ideals”.temper: v. to cause to become firm 使变坚韧tempered by war: The Americans of the 20th century fought two world wars, so they are well tempereddisciplined: received training that developed self control and characterhard and bitter peace: peace but cold war, hence “hard and bitter’’to witness or permit the slow undoing: to see or allow the gradual abolishing of⏹Para.4: strong determination. Kennedy puts the US in the position of the world leader, and he says inorder to keep human rights, “we shall pay any price, bear any burden, ...”.☐The address is to both friends and foes. It promises to support any friend and to oppose any foe.The phrases “pay any price, bear any burden and meet any hardship” are intended to shore up the waning confidence of her allies as much as to warn any prospective foe.⏹Para.5: transition A one sentence paragraph that functions as a transition from the general to thespecific. In the following paragraphs he will be addressing different specific groups of nations.⏹Para.6: the specific policy toward his friends and would-be friendsTo those old allies…split asunder:In this paragraph Kennedy addresses the white European countries in general but his words are specifically directed to the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon countries, such as Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with whom the United States shares a common cultural and spiritual heritage.ally: n. a country that has a treaty or an agreement to help and support another country, allied: ad. the Allied and Associated Powers (World War I)cultural and spiritual origins: Greek, Roman and Nordic mythology, literature, art, music etc.Later these nations were linked closer by the spiritual tie of Christianity.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures: United and working togetherwe can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.United we can do everything. Divided we can do nothingpowerful challenge: a strong, powerful threat posed by the socialist camp.If we are quarreling and split apart, we can not compete with the strong, powerful enemy in front of us Those two have been at odds with one another for ages. 那两个人合不来已经很久了。
Keys to Exercises4高级英语第四单元课后题答案
1. 他指出，想要简洁明了地表达自己观点的 时候，他总会遇到很大的困难，但是达尔 文认为正是这个困难，促使他对每一个句 子进行长时间和有针对性的思考，同时也 使他得以在观察和推理中发现错误。这也 就使他具有了相对优势。
In my opinion, doing more is better than promising more, since people are willing to be served sincerely. What we should lay more emphasis on is what we do and how we can virtually improve the level of service. Only in this way can we make people satisfied with what we do.
Writing(2019)
VII
As can be seen from the cartoon, a
hen is making promises that her eggs are all
round and consist of shells, egg whites and
yolks. We all know that hen’s duty is to lay
Language Points： 1. charge 指责 2. reasoning 推理 3. well founded 理由充分的；有根据的
3. 另一方面，达尔文并不接受一些批评家对 他的指责（尽管这些指责经过了充分论 证），即虽然达尔文善于观察，但是他并 不善于推理。
高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙4单元课后题及规范标准答案
Lesson One1.And it is an activity only of humans.And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.2.Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French againsthis own language.The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8.English had come royally into its own.English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lowerclasses.The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11.There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us. “There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.Translationa.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do notindulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。
高级英语第一册Unit4文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
高级英语第一册Unit4文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案Unit 4 Everyday Use for Your GrandmamaEveryday Use for Your Grandmama 教学目的及重点难点Objectives of TeachingTo com prehend the whole storyTo lean and m aster the vocabulary and expressionsTo learn to paraphrase the difficult sentencesTo understand the structure of the textTo appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and Difficult pointsThe comprehension of the whole storyThe understanding of certain expressionsThe appreciation of the writing techniqueColloquial, slangy or black EnglishCultural difference between nationalities in the USIV. Character AnalysisDee:She has held life always in the palm of one hand."No" is a word the world never learned to say to her.She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.She was determined to share down any disaster in her efforts.I. Rhetorical devices:Parallelism:chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffleMetaphor:She washed us in a river of...burned us... Pressed us ...to shove us away stare down any disaster in her efforts...Everyday Use for your grandmama -- by Alice WalkerEveryday Use for your grandmamaAlice WalkerI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I m ade so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is m ore com fortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can com e and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that nevercom e inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, hom ely and asham ed of the burn sc ars down her arm s and legs, eying her sister with a m ixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child cam e on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mot her and child em brace and smile into each other's face. Som etimes the m other and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have m ade it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated lim ousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with m any people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty m an likeJohnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells m e what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is em bracing m e with tear s in her eyes. She pins on m y dress a large orchid, even though she has told m e once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, m an-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as m ercilessly as a m an. My fat keeps m e hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire m inutes after it com es steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the m eat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way m y daughter would want m e to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car – son has much to do to keep up with m y quick and witty tongue.But that is a mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even im agine m e looking a strange white m an in the eye? It seem s to m e I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature."How do I look, Mam a?" Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for m e to know she's there, almost hidden by the door."Come out into the yard," I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way m y Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to theground.Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. She's a wom an now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Som etimes I can still hear the flam es and feel Maggie's arms sticking to m e, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seem ed stretched open, blazed open by the flam es reflect-ed in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look at concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house tall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don't you do a dance around the ashes? I'd wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the m oney, the church and m e, to send her to Augusta to school. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks' habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn't necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the mom ent, like dimwits, we seem ed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation from high school; black pumps to m atch a greensuit she'd made from an old suitsom ebody gave m e. She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. Her eyelids would not flicker for minutes at a tim e. Often I fought off the tem ptation to shake her. At sixteen she had a style of her own' and knew what style was.I never had an education m yself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don't ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now.Som etimes Maggie reads to m e. She stumbles along good-naturedly but can't see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. She will marry John Thom as (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then I'll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to m yself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a m an's job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the side in '49. Cows are soothing and slow and don't bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned m y back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin: they don't m ake shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just som e holes cut in the sides, like the portholes in a ship, but not round and not square, with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. She wrote m e once that no m atter where we "choose" to live, she will m anage to com e see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?"She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed.Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. She read to them.When she was courting Jimmy T she didn't have m uch tim e to pay to us, but turned all her faultfinding power on him. He flew to m arry a cheap city girl from a fam ily of ignorant flashy people. She hardly had time to recompose herself.When she com es I will meet -- but there they are!Maggie attempts to m ake a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with m y hand. "Come back here," I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells m e it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as it God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car com es a short, stocky m an. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. "Uhnnnh," is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your toot on the road. "Uhnnnh."Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts m y eyes. There are yel-lows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earrings gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she m oves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her arm pits. The dress is loose and flows, and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go "Uhnnnh" again. It is her sister's hair. It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtails thatrope about like small lizards disappearing behind her ears."Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!" she says, coming on in that gliding way the dress m akes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with "Asalamalakim, m y mother and sister!" He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of m y chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see the perspiration falling off her chin."Don't get up," says Dee. Since I am stout it takes som ething of a push. You can see m e trying to m ove a second or two before I m ake it. She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peeks next with a Polaroid. She stoops down quickly and lines up picture after picture of m e sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cowering behind me. She never takes a shot without m aking sure the house is included. When a cow com es nibbling around the edge of the yard she snaps it and m e and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polaroid in the back seat of the car, and com es up and kisses me on the forehead.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie's hand. Maggie's hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. Or m aybe he don't know how people shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie."Well," I say. "Dee.""No, Mama," she says. "Not 'Dee', Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!""What happened to 'Dee'?" I wanted to know."She's dead," Wangero said. "I couldn't bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress m e.""You know as well as m e you was nam ed after your aunt Dicle," I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her "Big Dee" after Dee was born."But who was she nam ed after?" asked Wangero."I guess after Grandma Dee," I said."And who was she nam ed after?" asked Wangero."Her mother," I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. "That's about as far back as I can trace it," I said.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the branches."Well," said Asalamalakim, "there you are.""Uhnnnh," I heard Maggie say."There I was not," I said, before 'Dicie' cropped up in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?"He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like som ebody inspecting a Model A car. Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over m y head."How do you pronounce this nam e?" I asked."You don't have to call m e by it if you don't want to," said Wangero."Why shouldn't I?" I asked. "If that's what you want us to call you, we'll call you. ""I know it m ight sound awkward at first," said Wangero."I'll get used to it," I said. "Ream it out again."Well, soon we got the name out of the way. Asalam alakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard. After I tripped over it two or three tim es he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber, but I didn't really think he was, so I don't ask."You must belong to those beet-cattle peoples down theroad," I said. They said "Asalamalakirn" when they m et you too, but they didn't Shake hands. Always too busy feeding the cattle, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the m en stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said, "I accept som e of their doctrines, but farming and raising cattle is not m y style." (They didn't tell m e, and I didn't ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.)We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn't eat collards and pork was unclean. Wangero, though, went on through the chitlins and corn bread, the greens and every-thing else. She talked a blue streak over the sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn't afford to buy chairs."Oh, Mama!" she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. "I never knew how lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints," she said, running her handsunderneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee's butter dish. "That's it!" she said. "I knew there was som ething I wanted to ask you if I could have." She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. She looked at the churn and looked at it."This churn top is what I need," she said. "Didn't Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?""Yes," I said."Uh huh, " she said happily. "And I want the dasher,too.""Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?" asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at m e."Aunt Dee's first husband whittled the dash," said Maggie so low you almost couldn't hear her. "His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.""Maggie's brain is like an elephants," Wanglero said, laughing. "I can use the churn top as a center piece for the alcove table,‖she said, sliding a plate over the churn, "and I'll think of som ething artistic to do with the dasher."When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out.I took it for a moment in my hands. You didn't even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of sm all sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of m y bed and started rifling through it. Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. Out cam e Wangero with two quilts. They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and then Big Dee and m e had hung them on the quilt fram es on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern. The other was Walk Around the Mountain. In both of them were scraps of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bit sand pieces of Grandpa Jarrell's Paisley shirts. And one teeny faded blue piece, about the size of a penny m atchbox, that was from Great Grandpa Ezra's uniform that he wore in the Civil War."Mama," Wangero said sweet as a bird. "Can I have these old quilts?"I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed."Why don't you take one or two of the others?‖ 1 asked. "These old things was just done by m e and Big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.""No," said Wangero. "I don't want those. They are stitched around the borders by m achine.""That'll m ake them last better," I said."That's not the point," said Wanglero. "These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!" She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them."Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, com e from old clothes her mother handed down to her,‖ I said, m ovi ng up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero)moved back just enough so that I couldn't reach the quilts. They already belonged to her. "Imagine!" she breathed again, clutching them closely to her bosom."The truth is," I said, "I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thom as."She gasped like a bee had stung her."Maggie can't appreciate these quilts!" she said. "She'd probably be backward enough to put them to everyday use.""I reckon she would," I said. "God knows I been sav age ‘em for long enough with nobody using 'em. I hope she will! ‖ I didn't want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned, out of style."But they're priceless!" she was saying now, furiously, for she has a tem per. "Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they'd be in rags. Less than that!" "She can always m ake so me more,‖ I said. "Maggie knows how to quilt. "Dee (Wangero) looked at m e with hatred. "You just will notunderstand. The point is these quilts, these quilts!""Well," I said,, stum ped. "What would you do with them?""Hang them," she said. As it that was the only thing you could do with quilts.Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as they scraped over each other."She can have them, Mam a,‖ she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. "I can 'm ember Grandma Dee without the quilts."I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind of dopey, hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with som ething like fear but she wasn't m ad at her. This was Maggie's portion. This was the way she knew God to work.When I looked at her like that som ething hit m e in the top of m y head and ran down to the soles of m y feet. Just like when I'm in church and the spirit of God touches m e and I get happy and shout. I did som ething I never had done before: hugged Maggie to m e, then dragged her on into the room, snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero's hands and dumped them into Maggie's lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open."Take one or two of the others," I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber."You just don't understand," she said, as Maggie and I cam e out to the car."What don't I under stand?" I wanted to know."Your heritage," she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, "You ought to try to m ake some-thing of yourself, too, Maggie. It's really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mam a still live you'd never know it."She put on som e sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled; maybe at the sunglasses. But a real mile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was tim e to go in the house and go to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1) Alice Walker: born 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, America and graduated from Sarah Lawrence College. Her books include The Third Life of Grange Copeland ( 1970 ), Meridian ( 1976 ), The Color Purple(1982), etc.2)"made it": to become a success, to succeed, either in specific endeavor or in general3) Johnny Carson: a man who runs a late night talk show4)hooked: injured by the horn of the cow being milked5) Jimmy T: 'T' is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting.6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865)10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descendingfrom a common ancestor11) Ream it out again: "Ream" is perhaps an African dialect word meaning: "unfold, display". Hence the phrase may mean "repeat" or "say it once again"12) pork was unclean: Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered to be unclean.13) Chitlins: also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food,a common dish in Afro-American households14) rump prints: depressions in the benches made by constant si tting15) sink: depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumbs and fingersBackground informationThe author wrote quite a number of novels, among them were The Color Purple which won the Pulitzer Prize of Fiction （普利策小说奖）and The Am erican Book Award （美国图书奖）. In 1985, the Color Purple was m ade into a m ovie which won great fam e .Everyday Use for your grandmama 课文讲解/Detailed Study Everyday Use for Your Grandmama--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study of the Text1. wavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.The wavy lines are m eant to represent water.Here in the text the word describes the m arks in wavy patterns on t he clay ground left by the broom.*im age - 1* (此处加一细曲线图)2. groove: a long narrow path or track made in a surface, esp.to guide the movement of sth.A groove is a wide, deep line cut into a surface.The cupboard door slides open along the groove it fits into.3. homely: simple, not grand, (of people, faces, etc.,) not good-looking, ugly If som eone is homely, they are not very attractive to look at; uased in Am.E.4. awe: Awe is the feeling of respect and am azement that you have when you are faced with sth. wonderful, frightening or com pletely unknown., wonderThe child stared at him in silent awe.5. confront: to face boldly or threateningly, encounterIf a problem, task, or difficulty confronts you, or you are confronted with it, it iss sth. that you cannot avoid and m ust deal withI was confronted with the task of designing and building the new system.6. totter: to m ove in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall, to walk with weak unsteady stepsThe old lady tottered down the stairs.7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very com fortable car, esp. one with a glass screen between the front and back seats. Limousines are usually driven by a chauffeur [ou]cf:sedan / saloon is a car with seats for four or m ore people, a fixed roof, and a boot (the space at the back of the car, covered by a lid, in which you carry things such luggage, shopping or tools) that is separate from the seating part of the car convertible: a car with a soft roof that can be folded down or removedsports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speedcoupe [?ku:pei] a car with a fixed roof, a sloping back, two doors and seats for four peoplestation wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E) a car which has a long body with a door at the back end and space behind the back seats8. gray / grey: used to describe the colour of people‘s hair when it changes from its original colour, usu. as they get old and before it becom es white9. tacky: (Am.E, slang) shabby10. overalls: are a single piece of clothing that combines trousers and a jacket. Your wear overalls over your clothes in order to protect them from dirt, paint, etc. while you are working The breast pocket of his overalls was filled with tools. (工装裤)11. hog:a. a pig, esp. a fat one for eatingb. a m ale pig that has been castratedc. a dirty personswine: (old & tech) pigboar [o:]: male pig on a farm that is kept for breedingsow [au]: fully grown female pig12. sledge hammer: large, heavy hammer for swinging with both hands, a large heavy hammer with a long handle, used for sm ashing concrete13. barley: 大麦14. pancake: a thin, flat circle of cooked batter (糊状物) made of milk, flour and eggs. usu. rolled up or folded and eaten hot with a sweet or savory f illing inside15. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other wayIf you sidle som ewhere, you walk there uncertainly orcautiously, as if you do not want anyone to notice youA m an sidled up to m e and asked if I wanted a ti cket for the m atch..16. shuffle: slow dragging walkIf you shuffle, you walk without lifting your feet properly off the groundHe slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.If you shuffle, you move your feet about while standing or move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncom fortable or embarrassed.I was shuffling in my seat.cf:totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle17. blaze: to burn with a bright flam eA wood fire was blazing, but there was no other light in the room.n. the sudden sharp shooting up of a flam e, a very bright fireThe fire burned slowly at first, but soon burst into a blaze.18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) fam ily, with alternate m aplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice美洲金缕梅, 落叶灌木或小乔木. 原产于北美和亚洲. 其分叉小枝从前用为魔杖, 这寻找地下水, 故俗称魔杖.19. dingy: dirty and fadedA building or place that is dingy is rather dark and depressing and does not seem to have been well looked after,.This is the dingiest street of the town.Clothes, curtains, etc. that are dingy are dirty or faded.20. raise: to collect together。
高级英语unit4 课文解释 最新
Unit Four Everyday UseI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room.When the hard 1.clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, ( Before the word “ lined”, the link verb “ is” omitted. anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breeze s that never come inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and 3.ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy (and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, (1. She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life) that “ no” is a word the world never learned to say to her. (2. She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her)You‟ve no d oubt seen those TV shows where the child who has 5 “ made it”is confront ed (2. faced)( Eg: Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists), as a surprise, by her own mother and father, ( brought face to face with her own mother and father unexpectedly)totter ing in weakly from backstage. (A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child 8.embrace and smile into each other‟s face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought togetheron a TV program of this sort.( “ This sort” carries a derogatory tone, suggesting that the TV. Program is of inferior kind)Out of a dark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people.There I meet a smiling, gray sporty man like Johnny Carson ( a man who runs a late night talk show) who shakes my hand and tell me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tears in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky ( 1.inelegant)(3.of vulgar quality) flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough,man-working hands. (The phrase” in real life” is transitional, linking this paragraph and the o ne above, implying that those TV programs are nothing but make-believe and the narrator is very skeptical of them . In reality she has the typical features of a black working woman)In the winter, I wear flannel nightgown s to bed and overall s(during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. ( Because I am fat, I feel hot even in freezing weather)I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming (4. giving out steam) from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before 10.nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pancake. ( My daughter wishes me to have a slender figure and a fair complexion like an uncooked barley pancake: a simile comparing the skin to barley dough which has a creamy, smooth texture. This sentence suggests that Dee is rather ashamed of having a black working-class woman as her mother) My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. (5. eloquent in speech)But that is a11. mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white in the eye ( to look sb. In the eye: Eg: If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you’ll be able to look anyone in the eye.) ? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, ( 4. It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible because of discomfort, nervousness, timidity, etc.) ( with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. ( in order to avoid them as much as possible, also from discomfort, shyness, etc)Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.“ How do I look, Mama?” Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she‟s there, almost hidden by the door.“Come out into the yard,” I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog 12.run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ( Maggie is so shy that she never raises her head or eyes when looking at and talking to people, and she is always so nervous and restless that she is unable to stand still. Shuffle:)ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.Dee is lighter than Maggie,( Light here refers to the color of one’s skin, complexion, not weight. Theword fair is similar to light, and the opposite is dark)with nicer and a fuller (6. charmingly round)14. figure. She‟s woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie‟s arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flake s. ( Nominative absolute construction,) Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them. And Dee. I see her standing off ( stand away; in a distance) under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look of concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house falling toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don‟t you do a dance around the ashes? I‟d wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money , the church and me,( Incorrect grammar, it should be the church and I )to send her to Augusta ( city in eastern Georgia. the family lives in the rural area in Georgia, a southern state in America.)to school. She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks‟ habits,whole lives upon us two,( The narrator implies that the books Dee read to them were written by the white people and full of their language and ideas, falsehood and their way of life. Other folks refer to the white people. By reading those books, Dee forced them to accept the white people’s views and values.)sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. ( Her reading was like a trap, and we were like animals caught in the trap, unable to escape. Underneath her voice suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice) She washed us in a river of make-believe, (5. She imposed on us lots of falsity) burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn‟t necessarily need to know. (6. she imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us ) Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwit s, ( slang,2 stupid person, a simpleton)we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation ( to attend her graduation ceremony)from high school; black pump s (7. low-cut shoes without straps or ties) to match ( match: Eg: This blouse doesn’t match the color or the style of the shirt) a green suit she‟d made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down (8. to stare back at another until the gaze of the one stared at is turned away. )any 17.disaster in her efforts. ( She was determined to face up and defeat any disaster with her efforts. Here disaster is personified)Her eyelid s would not flicker for minutes at a time. ( Again it shows that Dee was undaunted with a strong character. She would look at anybody steadily and intently for a long time)Often I fought off the temptation to shake her .( Often I wanted so much to shake her, but I restrained myself. Usually you shake somebody in order to rouse that person to the awareness of something) At sixteen she had a style of her own: ( At sixteen she had a style of her own way of doing things.)and knew what style was. ( And she knew what was the current, fashionable way of dressing, speaking, acting, etc.))I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don‟t ask me why: in 1927 colored (a group other than the Caucasoid, specially black)asked fewer questions than they do now. ( In 1927, the colored people were more passive than they are now)Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumble s along good naturedly ( She often makes mistakes while reading, but never losing good temper.)but can‟t see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. ( 7.She is not bright as she is neither good-looking nor rich)She will marry John Thomas ( who has mossy( 9.not clean ) teeth in an earnest face) and t hen I‟ll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man‟s job. I used to love to milk till I was hook ed (injured by the horn of the cow being milked)in the side in ‟49. Cows are sooth ing and slow and don‟t bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin.: they don‟t make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes out in the sides, like the porthole s in a ship, but not round and not square.,( irregular in shape) with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. ( to demolish) She wrote me once that no matter where we “choose” to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, “ Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?”( A rhetorical question, meaning Dee was not an easy person to get along with, and she never really had any true friends)She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about ( linger around) on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned(4.expressed or worded well) phrase, the cute shape, the scalding(Harshly critical ) humor that erupted(T o force out violently.) like bubble s in lye. She read to them.When she was 19.courting Jimmy T ( “T”is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting)she didn‟t have much time to pay to us, but turned all he r faultfinding power on him. He flewto marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy( cheap and showy) people. She hardly had time to recompose (To restore to composure; calm.)( recompose: She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself)herself.When she comes I will meet—but there they are! ( Before I could meet them, ( in the yard), they have already arrived)Maggie 20.attempted to make a dash for the house, In her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand.( I stop her from rushing off with my hand. Note: the simple present tense is used in this paragraph and the following five paragraphs describe the past actions. The purpose is to make the story telling more vivid.)“ Come back here,” I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as if God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky(chubby, plump) man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky( full of short, twisty curls,3.tightly curled.) mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. ( inhale her breath)“ Uhnnnh,” ( an exclamation of a strong negative response) is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road. ( An elliptical “ Uhnnnh.” Sentence . It’s the kind of disgusted response you have when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road.) Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in the hot weather. (8.Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day)A dress so loud (10. unpleasant attractive bright color e.g. a loud pattern.( a dress in such loud colors.)it hurts my eyes. There are yellows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. ( There are bright yellow and orange colored patterns which shine even more brightly than the sun.)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earring s gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpit s. The dress is loose and flows, ( The dress is loose and moves gently and smoothly) and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go ( 5. say ( used to describe dialogues) “Uhnnnh” again. It is her sister‟s hair. ( This time it’s her sister’s hair style that makes Maggie utter an exclamation of dislike and disapproval)It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtail s that rope about ( that move about)like small lizard s disappearing behind her ears.“Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!” ( phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation) she says, coming on inthat gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with “Asalamalakim,( Phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting ) my mother and sister!” He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see perspiration falling off her chin.“Don‟t get up, “ says Dee. Since I am stout, ( fat)it takes something of a push.( I have to push myself up with some effort to get up )You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. ( 9.You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up) She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peek s next with a Polaroid.( a camera that produces instant pictures) She stoop s down quickly and lines up (11. take many pictures in a sequence) picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cower ing behind me. ( with Maggie huddling behind me because of fear and nervousness)She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. ( Every time she takes a picture she makes sure that the house is in it. It shows how important she thinks the house is. We are reminded how she used to hate the house)When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snap s it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polarold in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead. ( Not usual. Normally people kiss each other on the cheeks for greeting)Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie …s hand.( Meanwhile Dee’s boyfriend is trying to shake hands with Maggie in a fancy and elaborate way)Maggie‟s hand is as limp as a fish, and 22.probably as cold, despite( despite: Despite the flood, the losses on agricultural production were not that serious) the sweat and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like ( 6. as if ) Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. ( 6. shake hands in a fancy and elaborate way) Or maybe he don‟t know( ungrammatical spoken English. There are quite a few instances of such use of language in the story) how to shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie. (10. Soon he knows that won’t do for Maggie. So he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie. Give up: to admit failure and stop trying)“Well,” I say. “Dee.”“No, mama,” she says. “ Not …Dee‟. Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!”“What happened to …Dee‟?” I wanted to know.“She‟s dead,”(The girl called Dee no longer exists. With the new name, she is born again)Wangero said. “ I couldn‟t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.”“ You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicie,” I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. ( She was named Dee)We called her “ Big Dee” after Dee was born.” ( As we named our daughter after her aunt, we added “Big” before her aunt’s name to make a distinction)But who was she named after?” asked Wangero.“ I guess after Grandma Dee,” I said.“ And who was she named after?” asked Wangero.“Her mother,” I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. “ That‟s about as far as I can trace it,” I said. Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War ( the war between the North ( the Union) and the South ( the Confederacy) in the U.S ( 1861-1865)through 23 branches. ( branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor) (11. As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don’t want to go on either. In fact, I could have traced it back before the Civil War through the family branches)“Well,” said Asalamalakim, “there you are.”“Uhnnnh,” I heard Maggie say.“There I was not, “ I said, “ before …Dicie cropped up ( in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?”He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody 24. inspecting a Model A car.( in 1909 Henry Ford mass-produced 15 million Model T cars and thus made automobiles popular in the States. In 1928 the Model T was discontinued and replaced by a new design--- the Model A—to meet the needs for growing competition in car manufacturing.) Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head. (12. Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way)“How do you pron ounce this name?: I asked.“ You don‟t have to call me by it if you don‟t want to,” said Wangero.“Why shouldn‟t I?” I asked. “ If that‟s what you want us to call you, we‟ll call you.”“I know it might sound awkward at first,” said Wangero.“ I‟ll get used to it, “ I said. “Ream it out again.” ( “Ream” is perhaps an African dialect word meaning “ unfold, display”. Hence the phrase may mean “ repeat” or “ say it once again”Well. Soon we got the name out of the way.( We overcame the difficulty and managed to pronounceit at last)Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard . After I tripped over (8 mispronounced it, failed to say it correctly.)twice or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber,( Incorrect grammar, it should be “Whether ( if” he was a barber)but I didn‟t really think he was, so I don‟t ask.“ You must belong to those beef-cattle people ( 9. people who breed and fatten cattle for meat) down the road, “ I said. They said “Asalamalakim” when they met you, too, but they didn‟t shake hands. Always too busy: feeding the cattles, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said,” I accept some of their doctrine s, but farming and raising cattle is not my style.” ( They didn‟t tell me, and I didn‟t ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.) We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn‟t eat collard s and pork was unclean.( Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered unclean)Wangero, though, went on through the chitlin s ( also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food, a common dish in Afro-American households)and corn bread, the greens ( green leafy vegetables eaten cooked or raw) and everything else. She talked a blue streak( ( colloquial) anything regarded as like a streak of lightening in speed, vividness etc. T alk a blue streak:10. to talk much and rapidly) over ( while occupied or engaged in, Eg. To discuss the matter over lunch. // Let’s talk about the matter over a cup of coffee) the 25.sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn‟t afford to buy chairs.“Oh, Mama!” she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. “ I nev er knew how 26.lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints,”( depressions in the benches made by constant sitting) she said, running her hands underneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee‟s butter dish. “ That‟s it!” she said. “ I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have.” She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. ( The milk in it had become clabber by now.) She looked at the churn and looked at it.“The churn top is what I need,” she said. “ Didn‟t Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?”“Yes,” I said.“Uh, huh,”( interjection) an exclamation indicating an affirmative response)She said ha ppily. “ And I want the dasher (12. an instrument to be used to stir the milk)too.”“ Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?” asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me.“Aunt Dee‟s first husband whittled that dash,” said Maggie so low you almost couldn‟t hear her.” His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.”“ Maggie‟s brain is like an elephant‟s,” (Elephant’s are paid to have good memories. Here Dee is being ironic)Wangero said, laughing. “ I can use the churn top as a centerpiece for the alcove ta ble,” she said, sliding a plate over the churn, “ and I‟ll think of something artistic to do with the dasher.”When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You don‟t even have to look close to see where ha nds pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink(depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumb and fingers) in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. ( searching through the trunk as if she was ransacking and robbing the house.)Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. ( Maggie was reluctant to come out from the kitchen.) Out came Wangero with two quilts. ( inverted sentence order to achieve vividness of description)They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and the Big Dee and me and hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern.( The design on the quilt had, perhaps, a single star) The other was Walk Around the Mountain.( Perhaps a quilt design showing a mountain) In both of them were scrap s of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell‟s Paisley shirts.( shirts having an elaborate, colorful pattern of intricate figures. It is called after paisley, a city in Scotland where shawls of such designs were originally made) And one teeny ( colloquial)variation of the word “tiny”) faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, ( a matchbox which costs a penny ( a US cent)that was from Gre at Grandpa Ezra‟s uniform that he wore in the Civil War.“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird. “ Can I have these old quilts?”I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slam med.“Why don‟t you take one or two of the others?” I asked. “These old things was just done by me and big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.”“No,” said Wangero. “ I don‟t want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.”“That‟ll make them last better,” I said.“ That‟s not the point,” said Wangero. “ These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!”She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them. ( This shows how she cherished the quilts and how determined she was to have them. Later we will learn that the mother offered Dee a quilt when she went away to college. At that time she thought the quilts were old-fashioned. Note the change Dee’s attitude towards the quilts.)“Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, moving up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero) moved back just enough so that I couldn‟t reach the quilts. They already belonged to her.“Imagine!” she breathed again, clutch ing them closely to her bosom.“The truth is,” I said, “ I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas.” ( Incorrect grammar:)She gasp ed like a bee had stung her.“Maggie can‟t appreciate these quilts!” she said. “She‟d probably be backward e nough to put them to everyday use.”( Here the snobbish Dee says that Maggie is not as well educated or sophisticated as she and that Maggie will not be able to appreciate the value of the quilts and will use them just as quilts, not as works of art)I reckon she would,” I said. “God knows I been saving …em for long enough with nobody using …em. I hope she will!” I didn‟t want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned , out of style.“But they‟re priceless!”( italicized for emphasis)she was saying now, furiously; for she has a temper. “ Maggie would put the m on the bed and in five years they‟d be in rags. Less than that!”( 13. If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years) “She can always make some more,” I said. “ Maggie knows how to quilt.”Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. “ You just will not understand. The point is these quilts , these quilts!”“Well,” I said,stump ed.( colloquial) puzzled, perplexed, baffled)“ What would you do with them?”“ Hang them,” she said. As if that was the only thing you could do with quilts. ( She answered the question firmly and definitely as if that was the only right way of using quilts)Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as theyscrapped over each other.“She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. “ I can…member( spoken English--- remember) Grandma Dee without the quilts.”I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind dopey, ( colloquial) mentally slow or confused; stupid)hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn‟t mad at her. This was Maggie‟s portion.( one’s lot; destiny) This was the way she knew God to work. (14.she knew t his was God’s arrangement) When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. ( It shows that one is suddenly filled with a new spirit or a thoroughly thrilling and exciting emotion caused by an entirely new experience)Just like when I‟m in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her into the room, snatch ed the quilts out of Miss Wangero‟s hands and dump ed them into Maggie‟s lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open.“Take one or two of the others,” I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber.“You don‟t understand,” she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car.“What don‟t I understand?” I wanted to know.“Your heritage,” she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, “ You ought to try to make something of yourself, too, Maggie. It‟s really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you‟d never know it.”She put on her some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled: maybe at the sunglasses. But a real smile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the home and go to bed.11。
高级英语上课件Lesson4
Lesson Four Die as You ChooseText:Para.1law on在……方面制定法律（正式）dodge: v. avoiddodge to left and right东躲西闪You’d better set off earlier in order to dodge the rush-hour. dodge the rush-hourdodge military servicedodge awkward questionseuthanasia: mercy-killingPara.2establishment: organizationcome to light: expose to public, reveal, uncover暴光languish: 缺乏活力，憔悴，饱受煎熬v. languish in/under sth. = suffer fromlanguish in poverty饱受贫穷的折磨languish under an iron controlforbid: ban; prohibitgo over重新Para.3bizarre: strange, uncommon, odd, ridiculous, peculiarclaim to do sth.声称做某事This is an unclaimed dog. 这是一只没人认领的狗。
at one’s request在某人的要求下vote on/for/against sb./sth.polemical: controversial, arguable有争议性的proponent支持者—opponent反对者in circumstancesPara.4yet=howevermacabre: gruesome adj.可怕的in privateon purpose: deliberately, intentionally有目的地，故意地consent（agree）同意/dissent不同意price：cost 代价Q 1: Yes.Q 2: Because it’s not permitted, it is taboo.Para.5prolong the throes延长痛苦throes pl. severe pain or suffering痛苦in the throes of （doing） sth.distinction between A and B A与B之间的区别hold out：remain；go on； continueQ 3: The distinction between killing and letting die. Yes.Q 4: A living will is a will in which the dying patient requests to die by refusing any medical treatment to prolong life.Para.6Culpable:受指责的--- blameless 无可责备的omit省略 v. –omission n. neglectThis sentence can be omitted in this text.take sth. as example把……作为一个例子stand: be in a position处于……位置gain from sth.=benefit from sth.从……获利No pays！No gains！不劳不获beat 痛揍/跳动/打倒某人beat sb. black and bluegive sb. a good beatingMy heart is beating fast.hit瞄准一点打I thrown a stone at the bird, but I didn’t hit it.hit sb. on the head 打中某人的头blow打击My father’s death is a big blow to me.strike撞到strike a match（划火柴）The clock strikes twelve.The village is stricken by an earthquake.fall unconscious: faintwithhold: v. hold sth. back, restrain拒绝给予，保留withhold one’s consent/agreement拒绝同意condemn: blame责备Para.7terminal: destinationformulate: stipulate规定swear one’s oathrule out 把……明确排除在外，禁止做……rule out: forbid, ban 划去, 排除, 取消The possibility cannot be ruled out.Para.9be appointed被任命为She is appointed class president. 她被任命为班长。
高级英语第二册unit-4
Unit 4 John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) 35th president of the United StatesFamily Background Kennedy’s ancestors came from Ireland and he was the first Roman Catholicto become president of the U.S. He was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, where his grandfather had been elected to many offices. His father Joseph P. Kennedy became the youngest bank president of the country at the age of 25. On September 12, 1953, Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married. They had three children.He wrote "Profiles in Courage",《勇敢者传略》which won a Pulitzer prize.1947-1952 served as representative in the congress 1952 elected to the senate1960 won the Democratic nomination for presidentand defeated Richard Nixon, Republican Assassination His assassination at Dallas in November 1963 was a shock from which the U.S. has found it hard to recover and the murder is still a riddle. In 1963, Kennedy journeyed to Texas for a speech-making tour. on November 22, he and his wife were cheered as their open car passed through thestreets. Suddenly, at 12:30 in the afternoon, an assassin fired several shots, striking the president twice in the base of the neck and the head. Kennedy was rushed to Hospital, where he was pronounced dead about a half hour later. Within two hours, Vice president Johnson took the oath as president.Contributions1. His most important act was his successful demand on Oct.22, 1962 that the Soviet Union dismantle its missile bases in Cuba.2. He established a quarantine(隔离检疫期) of arms shipments to Cuba3. He defied Soviet attempts to force the Allies out of Berlin.4. He made the steel industry rescind(废除) a price rise.5. He backed: civil rights movements; a mental health program; arbitration of railroad disputes; expanded medical care for the aged; astronaut flights and satellite orbitingLincoln and KennedyAbraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860.John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960. The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.Both were particularly concerned with civil rights. Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.shot in the head.Lincoln’s secretary was named Kennedy.Kennedy’s secretary was named Lincoln.Both were assassinated by Southerners. Both were succeeded by Southerners.Both successors were named Johnson.Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.John Wilkes Booth, accused of assassinating Lincoln, was born in 1839.Lee Harvey Oswald, accused of assassinating Kennedy, was born in 1939.Both names comprise fifteen lettersInauguration Day On April 30,1789, George Washington stepped onto a balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, placed his hand on a Bible and swore to “preserve, protest and defend the constitution of the United States”. He then read an earnest speech, calling for “united and effective government”. Thus began a unique American institution—Inauguration Day—those dramatic hours when a new president faces the people for the first time. He must tell the people what he’s going to do as president.The Inauguration Day has been on January 20 since 1937.Inaugural Address Memorable words have been uttered in inaugural address. It is a speech, lecture officially made by a person on taking office.General Analysis of a Political SpeechThe purpose of a political speech is to explain, convince and persuade the people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they should support him.1. He must try every possible means to arouse the feelings of audience. What he says represents theinterests of the whole people. successful appeal to the emotion of the audience2. specific policy The speech must contain high-sounding words and empty promises3. The speech must be concise and short4. clever-choice of words to convey different meanings/tones.5. the use of biblical style to make it formal/ rigid.6. the use of a lot of rhetorical devices to make his address as powerful/ impressive as possibleAs President of the United States, Kennedy has to address a worldwide audience. He has to appeal not only to the American people but also to the different groups of nations in the international community Social Background Kennedy became President in 1960’sCold war marks the situation in 1960’s. The world is mainly divided into two hostile camps.1)socialist camp— headed by the Soviet Union 2) capitalist camp—headed by the U.S.Kennedy was an eloquent speaker. He is specially trained. This speech is very powerful and wonderful. He lays his emphasis on the successful appeal to theemotion of the listeners. In fact, most Americans regard his inaugural address as one of the best delivery by an American President.Section I (paras.1-5)Introduction, the general statement of the basic policy of the USSection II (paras.6-10) He addresses different groups of allied nations and would-be allied nations; friends and would-be friends.Section III (paras.11-20) His specific policy toward the enemy.1. point out the danger2. point out he position of strength3. point out the situation and need.Both sides feel uneasy. a) Both sides are overburdened with the cost of modern weapons.b)Both sides are anxious with the wide spread arms.c) Both try to change the uncertain balance of military power.Proposals: 1. control arms 2 . use science for peace purpose 3. enjoy human rightsObject: to make a new world orderSection IV (paras.21-27) conclusionHe calls on the Americans to support him and to sacrifice their lives for their country. He calls onthe people of the whole world to unit and work for the freedom of menDetailed Study of the TextPara.1: Kennedy is emphasizing the importance of his election as president. It is not simply a victory of the Democratic Party over the Republican Party. It celebrates the freedom of people to elect freely their own head of state. It symbolizes the end of one presidential term (that of Eisenhower) and the beginning of a new term (that of Kennedy). The presidency or the office of president is renewed.1.freedom: We celebrate freedom. People in the USare free to choose their president.2.end: the end of Eisenhower’s presidential term3.beginning: the beginning of Kennedy’spresidential term4.renewal: the continuation of presidency andoffice of president5.change: the change from Eisenhower to Kennedy6.solemn oath: refer to an extremely formal andinspiring religious ritual. very serious.7. a century and three-quarters ago: The firstpresidential oath taken by Washington onApril 30, 1789Para.2: the general situation of this world Question: In what way is the world different? The world is different in the way of science and technology. People have modern and advanced science and technology.power: the power of science and technology Science can be used to get rid of poverty. Science can be used to destroy all human beingsEg. Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.Man has made great progress in science and technology so he has the power (scientific farming, speedy transportation, mass production, etc.) to abolish poverty, but he also has the power (missiles, bombs, nuclear weapons, etc.) to destroy human life. Hence the world is different now.revolutionary belief: it refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of HappinessAnd yet the same... around the globe: Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.Para.3: general policy of the USPeople in the US must keep and defend human rights not only in the US but also in the world as well. We dare not... first revolution: We dare not forget that we are the descendants of those who fought the war of independence. Hence we must always bear in mind the beliefs and ideals our ancestors fought and died for. We must be prepared, if necessary, to fight and die for them today.torch: metaphor. Its original reference is to the Olympic Games before which a torch is carried from runner to runner. Here it refers to “inspirations and ideals”.temper: v. to cause to become firm 使变坚韧tempered by war: The Americans of the 20th century fought two world wars, so they are well tempered disciplined:received training that developed selfcontrol and characterhard and bitter peace: peace but cold war, hence “hard and bitter’’to witness or permit the slow undoing: to see or allow the gradual abolishing ofPara.4: strong determination. Kennedy puts the US in the position of the world leader, and he says in order to keep human rights, “we shall pay any price, bear any burden, ...”.The address is to both friends and foes. It promises to support any friend and to oppose any foe.The phrases “pay any price, bear any burden and meet any hardship”are intended to shore up the waning confidence of her allies as much as to warn any prospective foe.Para.5: transition A one sentence paragraph that functions as a transition from the general to the specific. In the following paragraphs he will be addressing different specific groups of nations.Para.6: the specific policy toward his friendsand would-be friendsTo those old allies…split asunder:In thisparagraph Kennedy addresses the white European countries in general but his words are specifically directed to the English-speaking Anglo-Saxon countries, such as Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with whom the United States shares a common cultural and spiritual heritage.ally:n. a country that has a treaty or an agreement to help and support another country, allied: ad. the Allied and Associated Powers (World War I)cultural and spiritual origins: Greek, Roman and Nordic mythology, literature, art, music etc. Later these nations were linked closer by the spiritual tie of Christianity.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures: United and working togetherwe can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.United we can do everything. Divided we can do nothingpowerful challenge:a strong, powerful threat posed by the socialist camp.If we are quarreling and split apart, we can notcompete with the strong, powerful enemy in front of usThose two have been at odds with one another for ages. 那两个人合不来已经很久了。
高级英语Unit-4--Everyday-use-知识点梳理
高级英语Unit-4--Everyday-use-知识点梳理Unit 4 Everyday use for your grandmammaWhat is a plot?If an author writes, "The king died and then the queen died," there is no plot for a story. But by writing, "The king died and then the queen died of grief," the writer has provided a plot line for a story.A plot is a causal sequence of events, the "why" for the things that happen in the story. The plot draws the reader into the character's lives and helps the reader understand the choices that the characters make.The Structure of a plot1.Exposition - introduction of themain characters and setting2.Rising Action - one (or more)characters in crisis3.Climax - point of highest emotion;turning point4.Falling Action - resolution ofcharacter’s crisis5.Denouement (outcome) - “untyingof plot treads”; resolutionNarration NarratorFirst-person narration; third-person narrationNarrator ≠ authorThe titleThe meaning of the title requires the reader to read deeper within the short story. The phrase “Everyday Use” brings about the question whether or not heritage should be preserved anddisplayed or integrated into everyday life. “Everyday Use” pertains not only to the quilt, but more so to people's culture and heritage and how they choose to honor it.The themeThe main theme in the story concerns the characters’ connections to their ancestral roots.Dee Johnson believes that she is affirming her African heritage by changing her name, her mannerisms, and her appearance, even though her family has lived in the United States for several generations.The themeMaggie and Mrs. Johnson are confused and intimi dated by her new image as “Wangero”. Their own connecti ons to their heritage rest on their memories of their mothers and grandmothers; they prefer to remember them for who they were as individuals, not as members of a particular race.Because of their differing viewpoints, they place different values on some old quilts and other objects in the home.The backgroundBy the 1960s, following the success of civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, some African Americans began to take pride in their heritage as a way of gaining their esteem, forging a group identity, and creating a platform for greater political power.Known as “black pride” or Black Nationalism, these ideas encouraged many young African Americans to learn about their cul tural ancestry, grow their hair into “Afros”, dress in t raditional African clothing, and reject their “slave names”. Cultural nationalismCultural nationalism was founded on the belief that blacksand whites have separate values, histories, intellectual traditions and lifestyles and therefore that in reality, there are two separate Americas.Cultural nationalism was often expressed a as a conceptual and aesthetic return to the motherland (rarely an actual return), a recognition of the African roots that blacks in America had begun to forget as a result of slavery, biased education and stereotyped representations in the mass media.In his article, "Black Cultural Nationalism," Ron Karenga, one of the strongest voices in favor of cultural nationalism, writes,"Let our art remind us of our distaste for the enemy, our love for each other, and our commitment to the revolutionary struggle that will be fought with the rhythmic reality of a permanent revolution"Cultural nationalism on a visual level was expressed in the same way, by the wearing of brightly colored African clothing, such as dashikis, and the adaptation of the Afro hair style, both symbolic representations of the important relationship between Blacks in America and their African roots.Mama (Ms Johnson)The narrator of the story.She is a middle-aged or older African-American woman living with her younger daughter, Maggie.Although poor, she is strong and independent, and takes great pride in her way of life.She is over weight, and built more like a man than a woman. She has strong hands that are worn from a lifetime of work.MaggieDee’s sister who was badly burned by a fire when she wasyoung.She has low self-confidence and becomes uncomfortable when Dee is around.Maggie contrasts Dee by showing a special regard for her immediate family.DeeMrs. Johnson’s older daughter.She is attractive, sophisticated, and well-educated.She is also very selfish, bold, and overly confident.When she returns home, she insists her family calls her Wangero because she wants to be a bigger part of her culture. The o nly reason she wants this is because it’s suddenly the new trend.the historical presentThe historical present (sometimes dramatic present) refers to the employment of the present tense when narrating past events. it is used in fiction, for “hot news” (as in headlines), and in everyday conversation. In conversation, it is particularly common with “verbs of communication” such as tell, write, and say (and in colloquial uses, go).The historical present has the effect of making past events more vivid.P1: the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavywavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.P1: It is like an extended living room.Extended: enlargedP1: When the hard clay is swept cleanA fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when wetand hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and pottery.粘土，泥土P1: the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular groovesFine: thin, in small particlesGroove nouna long narrow cut in the surface of sth hard:Cut a groove 3 cm from the top of the piece of wood.沟、槽P1: sit and look up into the elm tree榆树P2: homely and ashamed of the burn scarsNot handsome or beautiful: plain, unattractive. (Never say a woman or a girl is ugly. Say she is plain or homely.)Of a plain and unsophisticated nature: artless, unadorned, unpolished. (homely furniture)Of or relating to the family or household: domestic, household. (homely skills)P2: eying her sister with a mixture of envy and aweLook at and watch don’t suggest the feelings of the person who looks.To eye means to look carefully, suspiciously, or thoughtfully, with fear, doubt, envy, desire, etc.P2: eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awenoun [U] feelings of respect and slight fear; feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb:awe and respectHe speaks of her with awe.be / stand in awe of sb/sth to admire sb/sth and be slightly frightened of them/it:While Diana was in awe of her grandfather, she adored her grandmotheramazement, wonderP2: She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.The world has satisfied her sister’s every desire.Her sister has a firm control of life.P3: the child who has "made it" is confrontedTo have made it: if you make it, you are successful in achieving sth. Difficult, or in surviving through a very difficult period.I believe I have the talent to make it.You are brave and courageous. You can make it.P3: the child who has "made it" is confronted1 (of problems or a difficult situation) to appear and need to be dealt with by sb: the economic problems confronting the country3 to face sb so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation: This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.P3: her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage.1. [usually +adv. / prep.] to walk or move with weak unsteady steps, especially because you are drunk or ill/sick; stagger: She managed to totter back to her seat.2 to be weak and seem likely to fall: the tottering walls of the castleoutLoud enough so as to be heard. 大声讲！没人能把你怎么样。
高级英语Unit4课文导入.
• 6)"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!": phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation • 7) "Asalamalakim": phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting • 8) Polaroid: a camera that produces instant pictures • 9) the Civil War: the war between the North and the South in the U. S.(1861-1865) • 10) branches: branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor
• lye碱液15.112 • recompose vt.使恢复镇定16.116 • stocky a.矮胖的，结实的19.124 • kinky a.尤指头发交缠的，扭结的， 弯曲的19.126 • wriggle v.n.蠕动扭动19.127 • earring 耳环20.132 • bracelet手镯20.133
“Everyday Use: for your grandmamma”
“Everyday Use” took place at a time when dramatic changes of racial relationships was happening. Alice Walker is herself a strong civil right activist. Unlike Alice Walker, the narrator and Maggie in the story didn’t rebel against discrimination and oppression, but tried to find their peace and satisfaction in the present status.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The Domestication of Animals动物的驯化The domestication of wild species led directly to denser human populations by yielding more food than the hunter-gatherer lifestyle could provide. In societies that possessed domestic animals, livestock helped to feed more people by providing meat, milk and fertilizer, and by pulling plows. Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also furnished wool, leather, and land transport. Humans have domesticated only a few species of large animals, with “large” defined as those weighing over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Fourteen such species were domesticated before the twentieth century, all of them terrestrial mammals and herbivores. The five most import of these are sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle or oxen.野生物种的驯化直接导致了人类种群密度的增加，比狩猎采集者的生活方式提供了更多的食物。
在拥有家畜的社会里，牲畜通过提供肉类、牛奶和化肥，以及拉犁来养活更多的人。
大型家畜成为了社会动物蛋白的主要来源，取代了野生动物，他们还提供羊毛、皮革和陆地运输。
人类只驯养了一些大型动物，其中“大”被定义为体重超过100磅(45公斤)的大型动物。
在二十世纪之前驯养了十四种这样的动物，它们都是陆地哺乳动物和食草动物。
其中最重要的五个是绵羊、山羊、猪、马、牛或牛。
Small animals such as ducks, geese, rabbits, dogs, cats, mink, bees, and silkworms have also been domesticated. Many of these small animals provided food, clothing, or warmth. However, none of them pulled plows or wagons, none carried riders, and none except dogs pulled sleds. Furthermore, no small domestic animals have been as important for food as have large domestic animals.鸭子、鹅、兔子、狗、猫、鼬、蜜蜂和蚕等小型动物也被驯养。
许多小动物提供食物、衣服或温暖。
然而，没有一个人拉犁或马车，没有一个人带着骑手，只有狗拉雪橇。
此外，与大型家畜一样，小型家畜对食物的重要性也不高。
Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. There is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last Ice Age. The continent of Eurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. Having the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication.早期的放牧社会很快驯养了所有适合驯养的大型哺乳动物。
有考古证据表明，这些物种是在1万到4500年前被驯化的，这是在上一个冰河时代之后的农牧社会起源的最初几千年里。
欧亚大陆是大型哺乳动物驯化的主要场所。
在过去的4万年里，欧亚大陆拥有最多的野生哺乳动物，并在灭绝的过程中失去了最少的数量，因此成为了最适合驯化的物种。
Domestication involves transforming wild animals into something more useful to humans. Truly domesticated animals differ in many ways from their wild ancestors. These differences result from two processes: human selection of individual animals that are more useful to humans than other individuals of the same species, and evolutionary responses of animals to the forces of natural selection operating in human environments rather than in wild environments.驯化包括将野生动物转化为对人类更有用的东西。
真正的驯养动物在许多方面与它们的祖先不同。
这些差异是由两个过程产生的:个体动物的人类选择比其他个体对人类更有用，动物对自然选择的力量的进化反应在人类环境中而不是在野生环境中。
To be domesticated, a wild species must possess several characteristics. A candidate for domestication must be primarily a herbivore because it takes less plant biomass to feed a plant eater than it does to feed a carnivore that consumes plant eaters. No carnivorous mammal has ever been domesticated for food simply because it would be too costly. A candidate must not only weigh an average of over 100 pounds but also grow quickly. That eliminates gorillas and elephants, even though they are herbivores. Moreover, candidates for domestication must be able to breed successfully in captivity.要被驯化，野生物种必须具备几个特征。
一个驯养的候选人必须主要是食草动物，因为饲养食草动物所需的植物生物量要比消耗食草动物的食肉动物少。
没有食肉哺乳动物因为太昂贵而被驯养。
一个候选人不仅要平均体重超过100磅，而且要快速成长。
这就消除了大猩猩和大象，即使它们是食草动物。
此外，驯养的候选人必须能够在囚禁中成功繁殖。
Since almost any sufficiently large mammal species is capable of killing a human, certain qualities disqualify a wild animal for domestication. The animal cannot have a disposition that is nasty, dangerous, or unpredictable –characteristics that eliminate bears, African buffaloes, and some species of wild horses. The animal cannot be so nervous that it panics around humans. Large herbivores mammal species react to danger from predators or humans in different ways. Some species are nervous, fast and programmed for instant flight when they perceive danger. Others are less nervous, seek protection in herds, and do not run until necessary. Most species of deer and antelope are of the former type, while sheep and goats are of the latter.由于几乎任何足够大型的哺乳动物都能杀死人类，某些品质使野生动物丧失驯养能力。
这种动物不可能有一种令人讨厌、危险或不可预知的特性，这种特性可以消灭熊、非洲水牛和一些野马。
动物不可能如此紧张以至于它在人类周围恐慌。