太阳能充电控制器及逆变器设计

摘要

太阳能光伏发电现已成为新能源和可再生能源的重要组成部分，也被认为是当前世界最有发展前景的新能源技术。目前太阳能光伏发电装置已广泛应用于通讯，交通，电力等各个方面，其核心部分就是充电控制器。

在总体方案的指导下，本设计使用低功耗、高性能，超强抗干扰的STC89C52单片机作为核心器件对整个电路进行控制。系统硬件电路由太阳能电池充放电电路，电压采集和显示电路，单片机控制电路和RS232串口通信电路组成，主要实现对蓄电池电压的采集和显示。软件部分依据PWM（Pulse Width Modulation）脉宽调制控制策略，编制程序使单片机输出PWM控制信号，通过控制光电耦合器通断进而控制MOSFET管开启和关闭，达到控制蓄电池充放电的目的，同时按照功能要求实现了对蓄电池过充、过放保护和短路保护。实验表明，该控制器性能优良，可靠性高，可以时刻监视太阳能电池板和蓄电池状态，实现控制蓄电池最优充放电，达到延长蓄电池的使用寿命。

关键词：充电控制器太阳能光伏发电PWM脉宽调制

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic power generation has become an important part of new energy and renewable energy, it is considered the current world's most promising new energy technologies. At present solar photovoltaic device has been widely used in communications, transport, electricity and other aspects, the core part is the charge controller.

Under the guidance of the overall program, the design uses low-power, high performance, super anti-jamming STC89C52 microcontroller as a core device to control the entire circuit. Hardware circuit consists of a solar battery charging and discharging circuit, voltage acquisition and display circuit, the MCU control circuit and RS232 serial communication circuit, the main achievement of the acquisition and display battery voltage. Software is based in part on PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pulse width modulation control strategy, programming the microcontroller output PWM control signal, by controlling the photocoupler on-off the control MOSFET opening and closing, to control battery charging and discharging purposes, and in accordance with the functional requirements implemented the battery over charge, over discharge protection and short circuit protection. Experiments show that the controller performance, high reliability, can always monitor the state of solar panels and batteries to achieve optimal control of battery charge and discharge, to prolong battery life.

Keywords:charge controller, solar photovoltaic, PWM pulse width modulation

目录

摘要I Abstract II 目录III 1 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景和意义 (1)

1.2 太阳能充放电控制器现状 (2)

1.3 设计主要任务 (3)

2 太阳能充电控制器的总体设计方案 5

2.1 太阳能路灯系统基本结构 (5)

2.2 充电控制器的控制策略 (7)

2.3 控制器的整体设计方案 (9)

3 太阳能充电控制器的硬件电路设计11

3.1 系统层次原理图 (11)

3.2 单片机最小系统 (12)

3.2.1 STC89C52的简介 (12)

3.2.2 单片机的最小系统及扩展电路 (14)

3.3 充放电电路 (16)

3.4光耦驱动电路 (18)

3.5 A/D转换电路 (19)

3.5.1 ADC0804的简介 (19)

3.5.2 ADC0804外围接线电路 (20)

3.6 LCD显示电路 (22)

3.7 E2PROM数据存储电路 (23)

3.8 串口通信电路 (25)

4 12V转交流220V逆变器 (28)

4.1方波的产生 (28)

4.2 场效应管驱动电路 (29)

4.3 场效应管电源开关电路 (30)