09 习题答案
工程热力学 第五版 廉乐明 谭羽非 著 课后习题答案 中国建筑工业出版社 第5章 第6章作业 09年修订 1
5
湖南工业大学土木工程学院
建筑环境与设备工程教研室编制
过程。必要的一步是使系统先进行可逆绝热膨胀，等系统温度达到与环境 温度相等时，再进行可逆定温传热，过程就从 1-A-2，如图所示。而题中 进行的过程，是从点 1-B。
解：逆卡诺循环时，热泵供热系数为：
ε 2,c
=
T1 T1 − T2
=
20 + 273 (273 + 20) − (273 −10)
= 9.77
（1）热泵每小时从室外吸热量Q2
ε 2,c
=
Q1 Q1 − Q2
⇒ Q2
=
Q1 (ε 2,c ε 2,c
− 1)
= 100000 × (9.77 −1) 9.77
上。
4
湖南工业大学土木工程学院
建筑环境与设备工程教研室编制
p 1
T1
2
s
4
v
T2
3
T
1
2
T1
T1
s
v
T2
T2
4
3
v
s
解：首先把每个过程的热量交换计算出来：
1-2 定温吸热 q12 = T1 (s2 − s1 )
2-3 定容放热 q23 = cv (T2 − T1 )
3-4 定温放热 q34 = T2 (s4 − s3 ) 4-1 定熵压缩 q34=0
η tc
=
W Q1
⇒W
= ηtcQ1
=
30% ×10000
=
3000kJ
/h
建筑物得到的热量，即热泵输送的热量Q1’
ε 2,c
=
Q1' W
⇒
Q1'
《机械原理》习题答案-CH09
力作用点的速度方向： 沿移动副导路方向。
1) 凸轮从图示位置转过90º 后推杆的位移； 图示位置推杆的位移量S0应 是沿推杆的导路方向(与偏距圆 相切)从基圆开始向外量取。 凸轮从图示位置转过90º 后 推杆的位移等于推杆从图示位 置反转90º 后的位移。 推杆从图示位置反转90º 后 的导路方向仍于与偏距圆相切。 其位移量S1 仍是沿推杆的导路 方向从基圆开始向外量取。 凸轮从图示位置转过90º 后推杆的位移：S=S1 -S0
2)远休2 2 dx / d ( s 0 s ) cos( 2) e sin( 2) 3 3 2 2 dy / d ( s 0 s ) sin( 2) e cos( 2) 3 3
3 [0, / 3] 5 5 5 dx / d (ds / d )sin( 3) ( s 0 s) cos( 3) e sin( 3) 6 6 6 3h 5 5 5 sin(3 3)sin( 3) ( s 0 s)( 3) e sin( 3) 2 6 6 6 5 5 5 dy / d (ds / d )sin( 3) ( s 0 s)sin( 3) e cos( 3) 6 6 6 3h 5 5 5 sin(3 3) cos( 3) ( s 0 s)sin( 3) e cos( 3) 2 6 6 6 4)近休阶段 4 [0,5 / 6] 7 7 dx / d ( s 0 s ) cos( 4) e sin( 4) 6 6 7 7 dy / d ( s 0 s ) sin( 4) e cos( 4) 6 6
1)推程阶段
1 [0, 2 / 3] dx / d (ds / d ) sin 1 ( s 0 s) cos 1 e sin 1 3h { [1 cos(3 1)]}sin 1 ( s 0 s) cos 1 e sin 1 2 dy / d (ds / d ) cos 1 ( s 0 s )( sin 1) e cos 1 3h { [1 cos(3 1)]}cos 1 ( s 0 s ) sin 1 e cos 1 2
C语言习题答案1-7章
程序设计基础(C语言版)习题第01章绪论一．选择题1.以下叙述中正确的是________。
A)程序设计的任务就是编写程序代码并上机调试B)程序设计的任务就是确定所用数据结构C)程序设计的任务就是确定所用算法D)以上三种说法都不完整参考答案：D【解析】程序设计通常分为问题建模、算法设计、编写代码和编译调试四个阶段。
所以选项A)、B)、C)说法都不完整。
2.以下关于简单程序设计的步骤和顺序的说法中正确的是。
A)确定算法后，整理并写出文档，最后进行编码和上机调试B)首先确定数据结构，然后确定算法，再编码，并上机调试，最后整理文档C)先编码和上机调试，在编码过程中确定算法和数据结构，最后整理文档D)先写好文档，再根据文档进行编码和上机调试，最后确定算法和数据结构参考答案：B【解析】设计一个能解决实际问题的计算机程序需要经过以下几个过程：①建立模型。
②算法设计：给出解决问题的步骤，即算法。
③算法表达：选择一种表达算法的工具，对算法进行清晰的表达。
④编写程序：选择一种程序设计语言，把以上算法程序化，这称为编写程序。
⑤程序调试：对编写好的程序进行调试，修改程序中的错误。
⑥程序文档编写与程序维护。
综上所述，B）选项是符合上述描述的，其他选项不恰当。
3.以下叙述中正确的是________。
A)C程序的基本组成单位是语句B)C程序中的每一行只能写一条语句C)简单C语句必须以分号结束D)C语句必须在一行内写完参考答案：C【解析】函数是C程序的基本组成单位；C语言书写风格很自由，不但一行可以写多个语句，还可以将一个语句写在多行中。
故本题答案为C)。
4.以下叙述中正确的是。
A)C程序中的注释只能出现在程序的开始位置和语句的后面B)C程序书写格式严格，要求一行内只能写一个语句C)C程序书写格式自由，一个语句可以写在多行上D)用C语言编写的程序只能放在一个程序文件中参考答案：C【解析】在C语言中，注释可以加在程序中的任何位置，选项A)错误。
高电压工程基础-第09章习题答案
第9章习题9.1 雷电流、落雷密度是怎样定义的？答：雷电流：雷击具有一定参数的物体时，流过被击物的电流与被击物之波阻抗有关，波阻抗越小，流过被击物电流愈大，当波阻抗为零时，流经被击物的电流定义为雷电流。
实际上被击物阻抗不可能为零，因此规程规定，雷电流是指雷击于电阻（等值）小于等于30欧的低接地电阻物体时，流过该物体的电流。
落雷密度：每一个雷暴日，每平方公里对地面落雷次数，γ称为地面落雷密度。
9.2 说明阀式避雷器中残压、额定（灭弧）电压、保护特性、续流的含义及定义。
答：残压：当避雷器上过电压的瞬时值达到放电间隙的冲击放电电压U时，间b隙击穿，电压波即被截断，这时避雷器呈现小电阻，它在最大允许冲击电流下的U。
压降称为残压R额定（灭弧）电压：我国有关规程规定，阀式避雷器的间隙灭弧电压，在中性点直接接地的系统中，应取设备最高运行线电压的80%，而在中性点非直接接地的系统中，取值不应低于设备最高运行线电压的100%。
保护特性：为了保证避雷器有良好的保护性能，要求间隙应有平坦的伏秒特性和较强的熄灭工频续流的能力，阀片电阻是非线性的，它在大电流（冲击电流）时呈现小电阻，以保证其上的压降（残压）足够低，而在冲击电流过后，阀片在电网的工频电压作用下呈现大电阻，以限制工频续流，有利于间隙灭弧。
续流：避雷器在雷电冲击作用下动作，冲击电压消失后，加在该避雷器上的恢复电压即系统的工频电压，它将使间隙中继续流过工频电流，称其为续流。
9.3 金属氧化物避雷器有哪些优点？答：金属氧化物避雷器优点如下：1）非线性系数α值很小；2）保护性能好；3）金属氧化物避雷器基本无续流，动作负载轻，耐重复动作能力强；4）通流容量大；5）结构简单，尺寸小，易于大批量生产，造价低；6）可适用于多种特殊需要。
9.4 试述雷击地面时，被击点电位的计算模型。
设雷电流I = l00 kA，被击点A对地的电阻R = 30Ω。
求A点的电位（雷电通道波阻抗Z0 = 300 Ω）。
计算机网络课后习题答案解析(第三章)
计算机网络课后习题答案（第三章）(2009-12-14 18:16:22)转载▼标签：课程-计算机教育第三章数据链路层3-01 数据链路(即逻辑链路)与链路(即物理链路)有何区别? “电路接通了”与”数据链路接通了”的区别何在?答：数据链路与链路的区别在于数据链路出链路外，还必须有一些必要的规程来控制数据的传输，因此，数据链路比链路多了实现通信规程所需要的硬件和软件。
“电路接通了”表示链路两端的结点交换机已经开机，物理连接已经能够传送比特流了，但是，数据传输并不可靠，在物理连接基础上，再建立数据链路连接，才是“数据链路接通了”，此后，由于数据链路连接具有检测、确认和重传功能，才使不太可靠的物理链路变成可靠的数据链路，进行可靠的数据传输当数据链路断开连接时，物理电路连接不一定跟着断开连接。
3-02 数据链路层中的链路控制包括哪些功能?试讨论数据链路层做成可靠的链路层有哪些优点和缺点.答：链路管理帧定界流量控制差错控制将数据和控制信息区分开透明传输寻址可靠的链路层的优点和缺点取决于所应用的环境：对于干扰严重的信道，可靠的链路层可以将重传范围约束在局部链路，防止全网络的传输效率受损；对于优质信道，采用可靠的链路层会增大资源开销，影响传输效率。
3-03 网络适配器的作用是什么?网络适配器工作在哪一层?答：适配器（即网卡）来实现数据链路层和物理层这两层的协议的硬件和软件网络适配器工作在TCP/IP协议中的网络接口层（OSI中的数据链里层和物理层）3-04 数据链路层的三个基本问题(帧定界、透明传输和差错检测)为什么都必须加以解决？答：帧定界是分组交换的必然要求透明传输避免消息符号与帧定界符号相混淆差错检测防止合差错的无效数据帧浪费后续路由上的传输和处理资源3-05 如果在数据链路层不进行帧定界，会发生什么问题？答：无法区分分组与分组无法确定分组的控制域和数据域无法将差错更正的范围限定在确切的局部3-06 PPP协议的主要特点是什么？为什么PPP不使用帧的编号？PPP适用于什么情况？为什么PPP协议不能使数据链路层实现可靠传输？答：简单，提供不可靠的数据报服务，检错，无纠错不使用序号和确认机制地址字段A 只置为0xFF。
基础化学习题09
第九章原子结构和元素周期律首页难题解析学生自测题学生自测答案章后习题答案难题解析[TOP]例9-1 什么是原子轨道？原子轨道是什么样子？析原子轨道不是像月球绕地球运动或地球绕太阳运动的那种圆形或椭圆形的运动轨迹，因为原子核外的电子具有波粒二象性，不可能同时有确定的位置和速度，也就无法按照一定方向行进。
电子的运动并不是没有规律可循：我们不能知道某一刻电子在什么位置，但是我们能知道它出现在那个位置的可能性有多大。
为了表达这样的概率，人们发现了波函数。
波函数的几何图形就是原子轨道的形状。
答原子中的电子在核外空间出现的概率是通过波函数描述的，波函数的平方的意义是电子在核外空间出现的概率密度。
习惯上把这种描述电子运动的波函数称作原子轨道。
原子轨道的角度部分和径向部分可以用几何图形表现出来。
角度部分的几何图形是原子轨道的形状，如s轨道是球形的，p轨道是哑铃形的。
径向部分的图形是曲线，例如径向分布函数曲线的峰表现据原子核一定距离处电子概率的极大值。
例9-2 概率密度、概率、径向分布函数之间是些什么关系？析概率就是可能性。
电子在原子核外的整个无限区间出现的概率为1，在空间某一有限区域出现的概率必小于1。
这个空间区域电子概率的大小与空间区域的大小和概率密度有关，是这两个因素的总体体现。
答概率密度反映了电子在原子核外的某一点周围微小区域单位体积内出现的概率，概率密度与此微体积的乘积就是这个微区域的电子概律；把微体积扩大到无限空间，概率等于1。
如果把微小区域定义为离原子核一定距离的球形表面乘以表面上微壳层的厚度，那么概率密度函数乘以求表面积所得到的径向分布函数，表现了离原子核一定距离处电子概率的大小。
例9-3 为什么周期表中从左到右原子半径减小，从上到下原子半径增大？非金属元素的原子一般都比金属原子小吗？析原子半径的大小可以表现为电子出现的平均概率离原子核的远近，或者直接说电子离核的远近，它受核对电子吸引力大小的直接影响。
高二数学课后习题答案
本题满分12分一块形状为直角三角形的铁皮直角边长分别为40cm与60cm现将它剪成一个矩形并以此三角形的直角为矩形的一个角问怎样剪法才能使剩下的残料最少
1.3.1.1 单调性 x2－4x＋6，x≥0， 9．(09·天津文)设函数f(x)＝ 则不等式f(x)＞f(1)的解集是( ) x＋6，x＜0， A．(－3,1)∪(3，＋∞) B．(－3,1)∪(2，＋∞) C．(－1,1)∪(3，＋∞) D．(－∞，－3)∪(1,3) 2[答案] A [解析] ∵f(1)＝3，∴当x≥0时，由f(x)＞f(1) 得x－4x＋6>3， ∴x＞3或x＜1.又x≥0，∴x∈[0,1)∪(3，＋∞)．当x＜0时，由f(x)＞f(1)得x＋6＞3∴x＞－3， ∴x∈(－3,0)．综上可得x∈(－3,1)∪(3，＋∞)，故选A. 10．设(c，d)、(a，b)都是函数y＝f(x)的单调减区间，且x1∈(a，b)，x2∈(c，d)，x1f(x1)与f(x2)的大小关系是( ) A．f(x1)f(x2) C．f(x1)＝f(x2) D．不能确定 [答案] D [解析] 函数f(x)在区间D和E上都是减函数(或都是增函数)，但在D∪E上不一定单调减(或增)． 如图，f(x)在[－1,0)和 [0,1]上都是增函数，但在区间[－1,1]上不单调． 16．讨论函数y1－x在[－1,1]上的单调性． [解析] 设x1、x2∈[－1,1]且x1x1≥0,1≥x2>0，x1f(x2)，∴f(x)在[0,1]上为减函数， 1－x11－x2 当－1≤x1<0，－1a2 17．求证：函数f(x)＝x＋a＞0)，在区间(0，a]上是减函数． x a2(x－x)(x－x)(xx－a2)a2a2 [解析] 设0＜x1＜x2≤a，f(x2)－f(x1)＝(x2＋－(x1＋)＝(x2－x1)＋x2x1x1x2x1x2 (x－x)(xx－a2)a22∵0＜x1＜x2≤a，∴0＜x1x2＜a，∴0，∴f(x2)＜f(x1)，∴f(x)＝x＋a>0)在(0，a]上是减函数． x1x2x 1.3.1.2 最值 2．函数y＝x|x|的图象大致是( ) 2 x x≥0[答案] A [解析] y＝ 2，故选A. －x x<0 4．已知f(x)在R上是增函数，对实数a、b若a＋b＞0，则有( ) A．f(a)＋f(b)＞f(－a)＋f(－b) B．f(a)＋f(b)＜f(－a)＋f(－b) C．f(a)－f(b)＞f(－a)－f(－b) D．f(a)－f(b)＜f(－a)＋f(－b) [答案] A [解析] ∵a＋b＞0 ∴a＞－b且b＞－a，又y＝f(x)是增函数 ∴f(a)＞f(－b) 且f(b)＞f(－a)故选A. 8．函数y＝|x－3|－|x＋1|有( ) A．值4，最小值0 B．值0，最小值－4 C．值4，最小值－4 D．值、最小值都不存在 －4 (x≥3) [答案] C [解析] y＝|x－3|－|x＋1| ＝ 2－2x (－1＜x＜3) 4 (x≤－1) m10．(08·重庆理)已知函数y＝1－x＋x＋3的值为M，最小值为m，则的值为( ) M 1123A. C. 4222 [答案] C [解析] ∵y≥0，∴y＝1－x＋x＋3 4＋2(x＋3)(1－x) (－3≤x≤1)， m2∴当x＝－3或1时，ymin＝2，当x＝－1时，ymax＝22，即m＝2，M＝2，∴M2 12．已知函数f(x)在R上单调递增，经过A(0，－1)和B(3,1)两点，那么使不等式|f(x＋1)|<1成立的x的集合为________． [答案] {x|－113．如果函数f(x)＝－x2＋2x的定义域为[m，n]，值域为[－3,1]，则|m－n|的最小值为________． [答案] 2 [解析] ∵f(x)＝－x2＋2x＝－(x－1)2＋1，当m≤x≤n时，－3≤y≤1，∴1∈[m，n]， 又令－x2＋2x＝－3得，x＝－1或x＝3，∴－1∈[m，n]或3∈[m，n]， 要使|m－n|最小，应取[m，n]为
计算机网络第六版课后习题答案
计算机网络第六版课后习题答案第一章概述1-01 计算机网络向用户可以提供那些服务？答：连通性和共享1-02 简述分组交换的要点。
答：（1）报文分组，加首部（2）经路由器储存转发（3）在目的地合并1-03 试从多个方面比较电路交换、报文交换和分组交换的主要优缺点。
答：（1）电路交换：端对端通信质量因约定了通信资源获得可靠保障，对连续传送大量数据效率高。
（2）报文交换：无须预约传输带宽，动态逐段利用传输带宽对突发式数据通信效率高，通信迅速。
（3）分组交换：具有报文交换之高效、迅速的要点，且各分组小，路由灵活，网络生存性能好。
1-04 为什么说因特网是自印刷术以来人类通信方面最大的变革？答：融合其他通信网络，在信息化过程中起核心作用，提供最好的连通性和信息共享，第一次提供了各种媒体形式的实时交互能力。
1-05 因特网的发展大致分为哪几个阶段？请指出这几个阶段的主要特点。
答：从单个网络APPANET向互联网发展；TCP/IP协议的初步成型建成三级结构的Internet；分为主干网、地区网和校园网；形成多层次ISP结构的Internet；ISP首次出现。
1-06 简述因特网标准制定的几个阶段？答：（1）因特网草案(Internet Draft) ——在这个阶段还不是RFC 文档。
（2）建议标准(Proposed Standard) ——从这个阶段开始就成为RFC 文档。
（3）草案标准(Draft Standard)（4）因特网标准(Internet Standard)1-07小写和大写开头的英文名字internet 和Internet在意思上有何重要区别？答：（1）internet（互联网或互连网）：通用名词，它泛指由多个计算机网络互连而成的网络。
；协议无特指（2）Internet（因特网）：专用名词，特指采用TCP/IP 协议的互联网络区别：后者实际上是前者的双向应用1-08 计算机网络都有哪些类别？各种类别的网络都有哪些特点？答：按范围：（1）广域网WAN：远程、高速、是Internet的核心网。
结构设计原理(第四版)叶见曙第1-9章课后习题答案 已按新版更新
结构设计原理课后答案第一章1-1 配置在混凝土梁截面受拉区钢筋的作用是什么？P8答：当荷载超过了素混凝土的梁的破坏荷载时，受拉区混凝土开裂，此时，受拉区混凝土虽退出工作，但配置在受拉区的钢筋将承担几乎全部的拉力，能继续承担荷载，直到受拉钢筋的应力达到屈服强度，继而截面受压区的混凝土也被压碎破坏。
钢筋的作用是代替混凝土受拉（受拉区混凝土出现裂缝后）或协助混凝土受压。
1-2 试解释一下名词：混凝土立方体抗压强度；混凝土轴心抗压强度；混凝土抗拉强度；混凝土劈裂抗拉强度。
答：混凝土立方体抗压强度P9：我国国家标准《普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准》（GB/T 50081-2002）规定以每边边长为150mm 的立方体为标准试件，在20℃±2℃的温度和相对湿度在95%以上的潮湿空气中养护28d ，依照标准制作方法和试验方法测得的抗压强度值（以MPa 为单位）作为混凝土的立方体抗压强度，用符号cu f 表示。
混凝土轴心抗压强度P10：我国国家标准《普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准》（GB/T 50081-2002）规定以150mm ×150mm ×300mm 的棱柱体为标准试件，在20℃±2℃的温度和相对湿度在95%以上的潮湿空气中养护28d ，依照标准制作方法和试验方法测得的抗压强度值（以MPa 为单位）称为混凝土轴心抗压强度，用符号c f 表示。
混凝土劈裂抗拉强度P10：我国交通部部颁标准《公路工程水泥混凝土试验规程》（JTG E30）规定，采用150mm 立方体作为标准试件进行混凝土劈裂抗拉强度测定，按照规定的试验方法操作，则混凝土劈裂抗拉强度ts f 按下式计算：20.637ts F F f A ==πA 。
混凝土抗拉强度P10：采用100×100×500mm 混凝土棱柱体轴心受拉试验，破坏时试件在没有钢筋的中部截面被拉断，其平均拉应力即为混凝土的轴心抗拉强度，目前国内外常采用立方体或圆柱体的劈裂试验测得的混凝土劈裂抗拉强度值换算成轴心抗拉强度，换算时应乘以换算系数0.9，即0.9t ts f f =。
微机原理 部分习题答案
微机原理部分习题答案2009年01月17日星期六22:46忘记是哪个出版社的了，反正是王忠民主编应该是西电出版社吧~~~~老师PPT里给的课后题答案拿来大家参考~~第二章计算机中的数值和编码1、将十进制数转换为二进制和十六进制129.75=81.C H 218.8125=0DA.D H 15.625=0F.A H 47.15625=2F.28 H2、将下列二进制数转换为十进制和十六进制(1)111010 B=3A H=58(2)(2) 1011 1100.111B=0BC.E H=188.875(3)0.1101 1B=0.D8H =0.84375(4)(4) 11110.01 B=1E.4H =30.254、完成下列16进制的加减法运算。
(1)0D14B H (2) 9C28.E H(3) 1678 .FC H (4) -80D7 H5、计算下列表达式的值（1）155.A H (2) 103.CE (3) 36.5259、设有变量……..X+Y = 1B8 H Y+Z =161 HY+Z=13B H Z+V=0CC H(1)不正确不正确不正确正确（2）正确正确正确溢出2009年01月17日星期六22:46第三章80X86微处理器1．简述8086／8088CPU中BIU和EU的作用，并说明其并行工作过程。
答：(1) BIU的作用：计算20位的物理地址，并负责完成CPU与存储器或I/O端口之间的数据传送。
(2) EU的作用：执行指令，并为BIU提供所需的有效地址。
(3)并行工作过程：当EU从指令队列中取出指令执行时，BIU将从内存中取出指令补充到指令队列中。
这样就实现了取指和执行指令的并行工作。
2．8086／8088CPU内部有哪些寄存器?其主要作用是什么?答：8086／8088CPU内部共有14个寄存器，可分为4类：数据寄存器4个，地址寄存器4个，段寄存器4个和控制寄存器2个。
其主要作用是：(1)数据寄存器：一般用来存放数据，但它们各自都有自己的特定用途。
基础化学习题09
第九章原子结构和元素周期律首页难题解析学生自测题学生自测答案章后习题答案难题解析[TOP]例9-1 什么是原子轨道？原子轨道是什么样子？析原子轨道不是像月球绕地球运动或地球绕太阳运动的那种圆形或椭圆形的运动轨迹，因为原子核外的电子具有波粒二象性，不可能同时有确定的位置和速度，也就无法按照一定方向行进。
电子的运动并不是没有规律可循：我们不能知道某一刻电子在什么位置，但是我们能知道它出现在那个位置的可能性有多大。
为了表达这样的概率，人们发现了波函数。
波函数的几何图形就是原子轨道的形状。
答原子中的电子在核外空间出现的概率是通过波函数描述的，波函数的平方的意义是电子在核外空间出现的概率密度。
习惯上把这种描述电子运动的波函数称作原子轨道。
原子轨道的角度部分和径向部分可以用几何图形表现出来。
角度部分的几何图形是原子轨道的形状，如s轨道是球形的，p轨道是哑铃形的。
径向部分的图形是曲线，例如径向分布函数曲线的峰表现据原子核一定距离处电子概率的极大值。
例9-2 概率密度、概率、径向分布函数之间是些什么关系？析概率就是可能性。
电子在原子核外的整个无限区间出现的概率为1，在空间某一有限区域出现的概率必小于1。
这个空间区域电子概率的大小与空间区域的大小和概率密度有关，是这两个因素的总体体现。
答概率密度反映了电子在原子核外的某一点周围微小区域单位体积内出现的概率，概率密度与此微体积的乘积就是这个微区域的电子概律；把微体积扩大到无限空间，概率等于1。
如果把微小区域定义为离原子核一定距离的球形表面乘以表面上微壳层的厚度，那么概率密度函数乘以求表面积所得到的径向分布函数，表现了离原子核一定距离处电子概率的大小。
例9-3 为什么周期表中从左到右原子半径减小，从上到下原子半径增大？非金属元素的原子一般都比金属原子小吗？析原子半径的大小可以表现为电子出现的平均概率离原子核的远近，或者直接说电子离核的远近，它受核对电子吸引力大小的直接影响。
人体解剖生理学课后习题答案
人体解剖生理学课后习题答案绪论~第二章绪论生理领域做出重要贡献的部分著名科学家：亚里士多德（Aristotle，公元前384-322）古希腊著名生物学家，动物学的远祖。
最早对动物进行分类研究的生物学家，对鱼、两栖、爬行、鸟、兽等动物的结构和功能作了大量工作。
盖伦（Galen，129-199）古希腊解剖学家、医生。
写出了大量医学和人体解剖学方面的文章。
维萨力欧（Vesalius，1514-1564）比利时解剖学家。
开始用人尸作解剖材料，被誉为现代解剖学奠基人，1543年发表《人体的结构一书》，首次引入了寰椎、大脑骈胝体，砧骨等解剖学名词。
哈维（Havey，1578-1657）英国动物生理学家，血液循环理论的创始人。
1682年发表《动物心脏和血液运动的解剖论》一书，其研究标志近代生理学的开始。
洛维（Lower R，1631-1691）英国解剖学家。
首次进行动物输血实验，后经丹尼斯（Denis）第一次在人类进行输血并获得成功。
列文虎克（Avan Leewenhock，1632-1723）荷兰生物学家。
改进了显微镜，观察了动物组织的微结构，是首次观察到细菌和原生物的微生物学家。
林奈（Linnaeus，1707-1778）瑞典博物学家。
1735年出版《自然系统》，奠定了动物学分类的基础。
伽尔夫尼（Galvani L，1737-1798）意大利生理学家。
首次发现机体中的带电现象，进行了大量“动物电”方面的实验，开创了生物电研究的先河。
巴甫洛夫（Sechenov IM，1829-1905）德国著名生理学家。
在心血管神经支配、消化液分泌机制方面进行了大量研究，首次提出高级神经活动的条件反射学说。
施塔林（Starling EH，1866-1927）英国生理学家。
1915年首次宣布“心的定律”的发现，对循环生理作出独创性成就。
1902年与裴理斯（Beiliss WM）合作，发现刺激胰液分泌的促胰液素，1905年首次提出“激素”一词。
大学教材课后习题答案大全
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计算机组成原理课后习题答案(一到九章)
作业解答第一章作业解答1.1基本的软件系统包括哪些内容？答：基本的软件系统包括系统软件与应用软件两大类。
系统软件是一组保证计算机系统高效、正确运行的基础软件，通常作为系统资源提供给用户使用。
包括：操作系统、语言处理程序、数据库管理系统、分布式软件系统、网络软件系统、各种服务程序等。
1.2计算机硬件系统由哪些基本部件组成？它们的主要功能是什么？1.31)2)3)1.41.5以保证总①可以减少各个部件之间的连线数量，降低成本；②便于系统构建、扩充系统性能、便于产品更新换代。
1.6按其任务分，总线有哪几种类型？它们的主要作用是什么？答：按总线完成的任务，可把总线分为：CPU内部总线、部件内总线、系统总线、外总线。
1.7计算机的主要特点是什么？答：计算机的主要特点有：①能自动连续地工作；②运算速度快；③运算精度高；④具有很强的存储能力和逻辑判断能力；⑤通用性强。
1.8衡量计算机性能有哪些基本的技术指标？以你所熟悉的计算机系统为例，说明它的型号、主频、字长、主存容量、所接的I/O设备的名称及主要规格。
答：衡量计算机性能的基本的技术指标有：①基本字长；②主存容量；③运算速度；④所配置的外部设备及其性能指标；⑤系统软件的配置。
1.9单选题（1）1946年，美国推出了世界上第一台电子数字计算机，名为__A__。
A.ENIACB.UNIVAC-IC.ILLIAC-IVD.EDVAC（2）在计算机系统中，硬件在功能实现上比软件强的是__C__。
A.灵活性强B.实现容易C.速度快D.成本低（3）完整的计算机系统包括两大部分，它们是__C____。
A.运算器与控制器B.主机与外设C.硬件与软件D.硬件与操作系统（4）在下列的描述中，最能准确反映计算机主要功能的是___D___。
A.计算机可以代替人的脑力劳动B.计算机可以存储大量的信息（5（6（71.10（1（2（3（4（5（6答：①应用领域（7）银河I（YH-I）巨型计算机是我国研制的①。
新概念英语第二册课后习题答案全
Unit 1:Lesson 01 A Private ConversationLesson 02 Breakfast or LunchLesson 03 Please Send Me a CardLesson 04 An Exciting TripLesson 05 No Wrong NumbersLesson 06 Percy ButtonsLesson 07 Too LateLesson 08 The Best and WorstLesson 09 A Cold WelcomeLesson 10 Not for JazzLesson 11 One Return Deserves AnotherLesson 12 Goodbye and Good LuckLesson 13 The Greenwood BoysLesson 14 Do You Speak EnglishLesson 15 Good NewsLesson 16 A Polite RequestLesson 17 Always YoungLesson 18 It Often Does ThisLesson 19 Sold OutLesson 20 One Man in a BoatLesson 21 Mad or NotLesson 22 A Glass EnvelopLesson 23 A New HouseLesson 24 It Could Be WorseUnit 2:Lesson 25 Do the English Speak EnglishLesson 26 The Best Art CritistLesson 27 A Wet NightLesson 28 No ParkingLesson 29 TaxiLesson 30 Football or PoloLesson 31 Success StoryLesson 32 Shopping Made EasyLesson 33 Out of the DarknessLesson 34 Quick WorkLesson 35 Stop ThiefLesson 36 Across ChannelLesson 37 Olympic GamesLesson 38 Everything Except the Weather Lesson 39 Am I AlrightLesson 40 Food and TalkLesson 41 Do You Call That a HatLesson 42 Not Very MusicalLesson 43 Over the South PoleLesson 44 Through the ForestLesson 45 A Clear ConscienceLesson 46 Expensive and UncomfortableLesson 47 A Thirsty GhostLesson 48 Did You Want to Tell Me Something Unit 3：Lesson 49 The End of the DreamLesson 50 Taken for a RideLesson 51 Reward for VirtueLesson 52 A Pretty CarpetLesson 53 Hot SnakeLesson 54 Stick FingersLesson 55 Not a Gold MineLesson 56 Faster Than SoundLesson 57 Can I Help You, MadamLesson 58 A Blessing in the SkyLesson 59 In or OutLesson 60 The FutureLesson 61 Trouble with the HarborLesson 62 After the FireLesson 63 She Was Not AmusedLesson 64 The Channel TunnelLesson 65 Jumbo versus the PoliceLesson 66 Sweetest HoneyLesson 67 VolcanosLesson 68 PersistentLesson 69 But not MurderLesson 70 Red, the DangerLesson 71 A Famous ClockLesson 72 A Car Called BluebirdUnit 4:Lesson 73 The Record HolderLesson 74 Out of the LimelightLesson 75 SOSLesson 76 April Fools DayLesson 77 A Successful OperationLesson 78 The Last OneLesson 79 By AirLesson 80 The Crystal PalaceLesson 81 EscapeLesson 82 Monster of FishLesson 83 Off the ElectionsLesson 84 On StrikeLesson 85 Never too Old to LearnLesson 86 Out of ControlLesson 87 A Perfect AlibiLesson 88 Trapt in the MineLesson 89 A Slip of the TongueLesson 90 Whats the SupperLesson 91 Three Men in a BasketLesson 92 Asking for TroubleLesson 93 A Noble GiftLesson 94 Future ChampionsLesson 95 A FantasyLesson 96 The Dead Return摘要写作参考答案（Key to Summary writing）Unit 1Lesson 1 A Private ConversationThe writer went to the theatre last week.He did't enjoy the play.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind him.They were talking loudly.The writer couldn't hear the actors.He turned round.He said he couldn't hear a word.The young man said,'This is a private conversation!'.(53 words)Lesson 2 Breakfast or LunchThe writer always gets up late on Sundays.He got up late last Sunday.His aunt telephoned then.She had just arrived by train.She was coming to see him.He said,'I am still having breakfast'.His aunt was surprised.It was one o'clock.(45 words)Lesson 3 Please Send Me a CardPostcards always spoil the writer's holidays.He spent his holiday in Italy last summer.He tought about postcards every day.He didn't send any cards to his friends.He bought thirty-seven cards on the last day.He staied at home all day.He didn't write any cards.(47 words)Lesson 4 An Exciting TripThe writer has just received a letter from his brother,Tim.Tim is an engineer.He has been in Australia for six months.He has already visited many places.He is in Alice Springs now.Tim has never been abroad before.He is enjoying his trip very much.(48 words)Lesson 5 No Wrong NumbersMr.Scott has opened his second garage in Pinhurst.His firstgarage is in Silbury.Silbure is five miles away from Pinhurst.Mr.Scott can't get a telephone for his new garage.He has just bought twelve pigeons.They carry messages from one garage to the other in three minutes.(48 words)Lesson 6 Percy ButtonsThe writer has just moved to a house in Bridge Street.A beggar knocked at her door yesterday.He sang songs.The writer gave him a meal and a glass of beer in return for this.The beggar's name is Percy Buttons.He calls at every house once a month.(50 words)Lesson 7 Too LateDetectives were waiting at the airport all morning.They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa.Two men took the parcel of the plane.Two detectives opened it.The parcel was full of stones and sand.(39 words)Lesson 8 The Best and WorstJoe Sanders has the best garden in town.He wins 'The Nicest Garden Competition'each year.Bill has a fine garden.Joe's is better.The writer's garden is terrible.He always win a little prize for the competition.(37 words)Lesson 9 A Cold WelcomeWe went to the Town Hall on New Year's Eve.There were a lot of people there.The Town Hall clock will strike twelve in twenty minutes.At five to twelve,it stopped.It refused to welcome the New Year.The crowd began to laugh and sing.(46 words)Lesson 10 Not for JazzWe own an old clavichord.It was made in 1681.My grandfather bought the instrument many years ago.A visitor damaged it recently.She tried to play jazz on it.She broke two of the strings.My father's friend is repairing it now.(45 words)Lesson 11 One Return Deserves AnotherI was having dinner at a restaurant.I see Tony Steele aftera while.He always borrows money from his friends.Tony sat at my table.I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.He gave me the money at once.He wanted me to pay for his dinner.(49 words)Lesson 12 Goodbye and Good LuckWe'll meet Captain Charles Alison at Portsmouth Harbour eary tomorrow moring.He will be in his small boat,Topsail.He will leave at eight o'clock.We'll say goodbye to him.He will take part in an importantrace across the Atlantic.(40 words)Lesson 13 The Greenwood BoysThe Greenwood Boys are singers.They will be coming here tomorrow.Most of the young people will be meeting them at the station.They will gave five peiformances.The police will be trying to keep order as usual.(38 words)Lesson 14 Do You Speak EnglishThe writer gave a lift to a young man in the south of France last year.They greated each other in French.The writer doesn't speak any French.They sat in silence.The young man said,'Do you speak English?' at the end of the journey.He was English himself.(49 words)Lesson 15 Good NewsMr.Harmsworth wanted see me.I felt nervous.I went into his office.He said business was very bad.The firm couldn't pay such large salaries.Twenty people had already left.He didn't ask me to leave.He offered me an extra thousand pounds a year!(47 words)Lesson 16 A Polite RequestTraffic police usually give you a ticket if you park your car in the wrong place.The writer found a polite note on his car in Sweden.The traffic policeman wanted him to pay attention to their street sighs.Everyone can't fail to obey a request like this.(48 words)Lesson 17 Always YoungMy aunt Jennifer is an actress.She is over thirty years old.She often appears on the stage as a young girl.Jennifer will act the part of a girl of seventeen in a new play soon.She never tells anyone how old she really is.(46 words)Lesson 18 It Often Does ThisThe writer had lunch at a village pub.She couldn't find her bag after her meal.She couldn't pay the bill.The landlord soon found it for her.His dog had taken it into the garden.(36 words)Lesson 19 Sold OutThe play was going to begin at any moment.I asked for two tickets.There were none left.Susan and I were disappointted.A man hurried to the ticket office just then.He returned two tickets.They were for next Wednesday's performance.I boughtthem.(45 words)Lesson 20 One Man in a BoatFishing is the writer's favourite sport.Some unlucky fisherman catch old boots and rubbish.The writer isn't not so lucky.He never catches anything.He isn't really interested in fishing.He is only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all.(44 words)Lesson 21 Mad or NotThe writer is slowly going mad.He lives near an airport.Passing planes can be heard night and day.Most of his neighbours have left their homes.He has been offered money to leave.He determined to stay here.Everyone says he must be mad.They are probably right.(49 words)Lesson 22 A Glass EnvelopJane crossed the Channel last year.She threw a bottle into the sea.It contains a piece of paper with her name and address on it.She received a letter from a girl in Holland ten months later.They write to each other regularly now.They send their letters by post.(50 words)Lesson 23 A New HouseMy sister will come to England next year.If she comes,she will get a surprise.I have a new house in the country.I have invited my sister to star with me.It is a very modern house.It has get many large rooms and a lovely garden.(48 words)Lesson 24 It Could Be WorseI had just lost fifty pounds.I felt very upset.I told the manager about it.He couldn't do anything.He began complain about this wicked world.A girl came in with the money just then.She had found it outside my room.There is still some honesty in this world.(51 words)Unit 2Lesson 25 Do the English Speak EnglishI arrived at a railway station in London and asked a porter the way to my hotel,but he couldn’t understand me. He understood me at last but I couldn’t understand his answer. My teacher never spoke English like that. The porter said I shall learn English soon.. Each person speaks a different language inEngland. They understand each other but I don’t understand them.(67 words)Lesson 26 The Best Art CritistThe writer studies art and paints a lot of pictures. Many people don’t really understand modern art. Paintings don’t always have a meaning. They are something pretty patterns. Young children not only appreciate modern paintings better than others,but noticed more also. The writer’s young sister went into his room yesterday and examined his new picture. He had hung it upside down and she noticed this immediately.(67 words)Lesson 27 A Wet NightThe boys put up their tent in the middle of a flied and cooked over an open fire. They told stories and sang songs after their meal but it began to rain so they crept into their tent. The boys woke up in the middle of the night. The tent was full of water so they rushed outside. A stream had formed in the field and flowed right under their tent.(68 words)Lesson 28 No ParkingJasper White believes in ancient myths. Car owners always park their cars outside his gate so he has put up ‘No Parking’ signs but they haven’t paid any attention to them. He has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is Medusa’s head. He wants her to turn cars and their owners to stone but she hasn’t done so yet.(62 words)Lesson 29 TaxiCaptain Ben Fawcett has bought a small Swiss aeroplane and uses it as a taxi. It is called a ‘Pilatus Porter’ . It can not only carry seven passengers, but can land anywhere also. Captain Fawcett has taken passengers to many strange places. He refused to fly a businessman to Rockall. The journey was too dangerous.(56 words)Lesson 30 Football or poloThe writer sat by the river last Sunday. Some children were playing games nearby. One of the children kicked a ball hard and it went towards a passing boat. The man in the boat neither saw the ball nor heard people shouting. The ball hit the man and the children ran away. However, the man was not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank. (67 words)Lesson 31 Success story？Frank Hawkins was telling the writer about his experiences as a young man.Frank used to work in a small shop as a boy.He used to repair bicycles there.He bought his own shop in 1958 and he made spare parts for aeroplanes in his twenties.He employed a lot of people in a few years.His wife came into the room after a while.She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle.(68 words)Lesson 32 Shopping made easyA detective watched a well-dressed woman in a large store one Monday.She bought a few small articles and she chose an expensive dress.The assistant wrapped it up for her and the woman took it with her.She did not pay for it,so the detective arrested her. The assistant was her daughter. She gave her mother a free dress once a week.(60 words)Lesson 33 Out of the darknessThe girl set out from the coast one afternoon and was caught in a storm.Her boat struck a rock,so she jumped into the sea.She swam eight miles that night.She reached the shore early next morning.She had seen a light high up on the cilffs and she cllimbed up.She found herself in hospital a day later.(55 words)Lesson 34 Quick workDan Robinson was worried.He had received a letter from the local police.Yesterday he went to the station.He is not worried any more.The police have found his bicycle.Dan was not only surprised but amused as well.His bicycle was stolen twenty years ago.He was fifteen then.(44 words)Lesson 35 Stop thief!Roy is finding his new job as a bus driver exciting.He saw two thieves in Catford Street recently.They were running out of a shop and Roy drove his bus straight at them,so they dropped the stolen money and got into a car.Roy drove his bus into the back of their car then and damaged it.Afte this he telephoned the police.Both men were arrested later. (64 words)Lesson 36 Across the ChannelDebbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.She is eleven and she is a strong swimmer.Debbie hasbeen trained by her father.He will follow her in a small boat.Debbie's mother will be waiting on the English coast.She swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.(49 words)Lesson 37 The Olympic GamesThe Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time,so the government will be putting up new buildings just outside the capital.Kurt Gunter has designed the buildings and workers will have completed the new stadium by the end of next year.The Games will be held in this country for the first time and we are looking forward to them. (62 words)Lesson 38 Everything except the weatherThe writer's friend,Harrison,had spent many years in the Mediterranean,but he wanted to retire in England so he bought a house in the country.The summer that year was very bad and he complained about the weather.In the end Harrison not only sold the house but also left the country.(48 words)Lesson 39 Am I all right?lington refused to tell his patient,Mr.John Gilbert,whether his operation had been successful.The next day the patient telephoned lington and inquired about a certain patient,Mr.John Gilbert.The doctor answered a number of questions about the patient and then asked whether the caller was a relative.The caller then told him who he was.(50 words)Lesson 40 Food and talkThe writer sat beside Mrs. Rumbold at the dinner party.He tried to make comversation, but she was busy eating.He talked about the new play at 'The Globe' and about the holidays.She answered his questions briefly.Then he asked her if she was enjoying her dinner and she answered that if he have eaten morn and talked less, they would both have a good dinner.(63 words)Lesson 41 Do You Call That a HatThe wirter's wife was trying on a hat and he didn't like it. He sat down and waited for her.Then they began arguing again.He had bought a terrible tie the day before but his wife didn’t like it. He said,‘A man can never have too many ties.' His wife used exactly the same argument and she bought the hat. It looked like a lighthouse.(67 words)Lesson 42 Not Very MusicalWe watched a snake charmer in a square in Old Delhi. He had a long pipe and two large baskets. He played a tune and the snake in one of the baskets rose to follow the movements of the pipe. Then the snake charmer played modern tunes but the snake continued to dance slowly. It didn't know the difference between Indian music and jazz.(64 words)Lesson 43 Over the South PoleIn 1929,the American explorer ,R.E.Byrd became the first man to fly over the South Pole. He took a lot of photographs during the flight but then ran into difficulties. His plane couldn't get over the mountains so he orded his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane then flew over the mountains and continued without further trouble.(63 words)Lesson 44 Through the ForestTwo men tried to steal Mrs.Sterling's handbag. She was having a picnic at the time. They took the bag after a struggle and ran through the trees. She ran after them and caught up with them. The men had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag. Mrs.Sterling ran straight at them so they dropped the bag and ran away.(66 words)Lesson 45 A Clear ConscienceThe local buther,Sam Benton,was taking his savings to the post office but he lost his wallet. Sam not only received half his money three months later,but received a note as well.The note said:‘A thief,yes,but only 50 per cent a thief!'The thief included a note every time he sent Sam more money. The last note said: ‘I am 100 per cent honest now!’(68 words)Lesson 46 Expensive and UncomfortableThe plane from London arrived at Sydney airport and workers unloaded a number of wooden boxes. They contained clothing. One of the boxes was extremely heavy so a worker opened it. He found a man on top of a pile of woolen goods. The man was arrested. He had travelled in the box from London. He had to pay 3,500 pounds. An ordinary tickets costs 2,000 pounds.(65 words)Lesson 47 A Thirsty GhostMr. Ian Thompson bought a public house recently but it is haunted,so he is going to sale it. There was a strange noise in the bar one night and the room was in disorder next morning. Mr.Thompson found five empty whisky bottles. He doesn’t believe that some villagers broke into the bar and had a drink. Anybody in the village doesn’t want to the pub.(68 words)Lesson 48 Did You Want to Tell Me SomethingThe dentist in the story had pulled out one of the writer’s teeth and had told him to rest for a while. He asked several questions but the writer couldn’t answer them. His mouth was full of cotton wool. He suddenly discovered something wrong but he couldn’t say anything. The dentist eventually removed the cotton wool from his mouth and the writer told him he had pulled out the wrong tooth.(72 words)Unit 3:Lesson 49 The end of a dreamA young man in Teheran bought a real bed for the first time in his life.He slept on the roof of his house because the weather was hot.Three nights later,the bed was swept off the roof during a storm.The man was not only unhurt but still on his mattress.As the bed was in pieces,he carried his mattress indoors and after he had put it on the floor he went back to sleep. (72 words)Lesson 50 Taken for a rideThe writer wanted to go go Woodford Green but as he didn't know the way,the conductor promised to tell him where to get off.When they arrived at the bus terminus,the writer asked if they were at Woodford Green.The conductor then realized that he had forgotten to put him off.The writer stayed on the bus because it was going back. (59 words)Lesson 51 Reward for virtueHugh is so fat that he has gone on a diet.He has forbidden himself all the foods he likes but he has not lost weight.When the writer visited him yesterday,he hid a large parcel under his desk.The parcel contained chocolates and sweets.Hugh said that he had to reward himself occasionally because his diet was so strict. (56 words)Lesson 52 A pretty carpetThe writer has been trying to get his new room in order all morning.This has proved difficult because he owns over a thousand books which cover every inch of floor space at the moment.His sister helped him to carry one of his old bookcases up the stairs a short while ago.She got a surprise when she saw the room,but she thought that the books made a pretty carpet.(68 words)Lesson 53 Hot snakeNow that firemen have put out a big forest fire in California,they have been trying to discover its cause.There was no evidence that it was started by broken glass or a cigarette end.However a fireman has just solved the mystery.He noticed the remains os a snake which had been dropped by a bird on to some electric wires.In winding itself round the wires,the snake had sent sparks to the ground and this caused the fire.(75 words)Lesson 54 Sticky fingersAs soon as the writer returned home from the shops she began to make some meat pies.When the telephone rang soon afterwards,her fingers were very sticky.She spent ten minutes talking to Helen Bates on the telephone.After that she looked at the mess she had made.Her fingers,the telephone and the doorknobs were covered with pastry.Just then the postman rang the doorbell.He wanted her to sign for a registered letter.(68 words)Lesson 55 Not a gold mine‘The Revealer' is a new machine which is used for detecting buried gold. Using this machine, a research party recently tried to find gold in a cave near the seashore. Although they examined the cave thoroughly they only found a small gold coin which was practically worthless. However many people believe that the machine many reveal something of value soon. (60 words)Lesson 56 Faster than sound!A lot of old cars entered for the race, which is held once a year.A great many loud explosions could be heard when they set off and though many cars broke down during the race, a few managed to complete the course. The winning car went downhill so quickly that its driver had a lot of difficulty trying to stop it. (62 words)Lesson 57 Can I help you,madam?Though the woman in jeans hesitated for a moment, she entered an expensive shop and asked to see a dress that was in the window. On being told by an assistant that the dress was sold, the woman returned the following morning dressed in a fur coat. The assistant was eager to serve her this time. After making him bring her almost everything in the window, the woman finally bought the dress she had first asked for. (77 words)Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise?The number of visitors to the village of Frinley has increased because there is said to be a ‘cursed tree’ near the church. Since the villagers believe that if anyone picks a leaf he will die, they have asked the vicar to have the tree cut down. As the tree is a useful source of income, the vicar has refused to have the tree cut down. Meanwhile, though tourists have been picking leaves, not one of them has come to harm. (81 words)Lesson 59 In or out?Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside the front gate and bark so that someone would open it. Ever since my husband trained him to open the gate himself, Rex has developed another bad habit. He barks when he is in the garden so that someone will let him out. After this he lets himself in and barks until someone opens the gate again. Now that my husband has removed the gate, Rex has disappeared. (75 words)Lesson 60 The futureThe writer visited a fortune-teller at a village fair who told him that a relation was coming to see him. She added that a woman he knew well would speak to him when he left the tent and he would follow her out of the fair. This came true because his wife spoke to him when he went outside. She told him they had to meet his sister at the station and she led him out of the fair. (79 words)Lesson 61 Trouble with the HubbleWhen the Hubble telescope was launched into space in April 1990, the pictures it sent us were very disappointing because the main mirror was faulty. Four astronauts will soon be making the necessary repairs, and eventually, pictures from the Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. (54 words)Lesson 62 After the fireIt took the firemen nearly three weeks to get the forest fire under control. Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which would destroy the surrounding villages. To prevent this, the forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month. By the time that it began to rain, the grass had taken root in many places. (75 words)Lesson 63 She was not amusedWhen Jeremy Hampden, who is greatly admired for his great sense of humour, was invited to make a speech at a wedding reception, he immediately agreed to do so. Since the speech contained a lot of funny stories, it was a great success. When his six-year-old daughter, Jenny, wanted to go home after his speech, Jeremy was disappointed. She had not enjoyed it because she did not like to see so many people laughing at him. (76 words)Lesson 64 The Channel TunnelThe tunnel, which the French engineer, Aime Thome, planned to build under the English Channel in 1858, would be ventilated by tall chimneys built above sea level. An Englishman, William Lowe, suggested a better plan two years later. Passing trains would solve the problem of ventilation in his proposed double railway-tunnel because they would draw in fresh air behind them. Though work began forty-two years later, it was stopped because the British feared invasion. However, the tunnel was officially opened on March 7, 1994. (85 words)Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the policeAfter having decided to take some presents to a children’s hospital, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, dressed up as Father Christmas and set off down the main street of the city riding an elephant called Jumbo. On being told that he was holding up the traffic, Jimmy agreed to go at once but Jumbo refused to move, so fifteen policemen had to push him off the main street. As he had a good record, however, Jumbo was not arrested. (79 words)Lesson 66 Sweet as honey!The Lancaster bomber was not too badly damaged when it crashed on a remote island in the South Pacific.Then the wreck remained undisturbed for twenty-six years until it was rediscovered in an aerial survey of the island.The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France,where a group of enthusiasts will be having it restored.They will have to have three of the engines rebuilt,but the fourth engine is still in perfect condition because a colony of bees had turned it into a hive and it was totally covered in beeswax.(94 words)Lesson 67 VolcanoesTazieff,the Polish scientist,went to Lake Kivu in the Congo in 1948 to observe a new volcano which he called Kituro.Aftertaking photographs,he had to leave almost at once because a river of liquid rock threatened to surround him.He escaped just in time but he returned two days later when the volcano had become quiet.This time he climbed into the mouth of Kituro in order to take photographs and measure temperatures.(70 words)Lesson 68 PersistentEven though Elizabeth tried to avoid meeting Nigel Dykes,she was not able to do so. As he always insisted on accompanying her,she had to think of a way of preventing him from following her around all morning.When she told him she was going to the dentist,he said he would come with her because there was always plenty to read in the waiting room.(63 words)Lesson 69 But not murder!Mr.Eames had driven successfully through heavy traffic during his third duiving test when the examiner instructed him to drive out of town.He told him to suppose that a child would suddenly cross the road in front of him.Mr. Eames would have to stop the car within five feet when the examiner tapped on the window.Though he tapped loudly,Mr.Eames did not react quickly enough and was told that he had just killed the child.(73 words)Lesson 70 Red for dangerA drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring during a bullfight and shouted rude remarks and waved a red cap.Ignoring the matador,the bull charged at the drunk,but he stepped aside to let it pass.The crowd cheered and the drunk bowed.Just after this,three men dragged the drunk to safety while the bull looked on sympathetically before it once more turned its attention to the matador.(66 words)Lesson 71 A famous clockAfter the Houses of Parliament were burnt down in 1834,Sir Benjamin Hall was made responsible for the construction of a huge clock,which became known as Big Ben.It is very accurate despite its immense size,for offcials from the Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. This clock,which has rarely gone wrong,can be heard on the B.B.C. when it is striking, because microphones are connected to the clock tower.(69 words)Lesson 72 A car called BluebirdSir Malcolm Campbell set up a land-speed record in 1935 duiving a car called Bluebird,which had been secially built for him.His average speed was incorrectly declared to be 299 miles per hour,but this mistake was corrected later.He had averaged 301 miles an hour.Years later,his son,Donald,also broke a record and his car was also called Bluebird.(55 words)。
遗传学第二,第三章课后习题答案
遗传学综合试题班级：09生1 姓名：李学梅学号：20091052106综合试题（A）一．名词解释（每小题2分，共20分）1. 遗传学：2. 染色体：3. 连锁遗传图（遗传图谱）：4.剂量效应：5.转导：6.测交：7.从性遗传(sex-influenced inheritance)：8.遗传平衡、基因平衡定律：9.物理图谱：10.Mendel：二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 真核生物mRNA最初转录产物必须经过加工才能成为有功能的mRNA。
加工过程包括在5’端加（），在3’端加（）。
2研究生物的遗传特征从亲代到子代的遗传规律的科学称为（）。
3.作图函数表示重组率与（）的关系。
4. 基因型方差可进一步分解为加性方差，（）方差和（）方差。
5在经典遗传学中，基因既是（）的基本单位，也是（）的基本单位。
6、细胞中形态和功能相同的一对染色体称为（）。
7.QTL作图一般要经过（），（），（），（）等几个过程。
8. 作统计分析在基因互作中，积加作用、隐性上位作用和抑制作用在Ｆ2代的分离比例分别是( ) 、( ) 和( ) 。
9. 在同一地块中同时种植P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2等6个世代，测得某性状的方差VF1＝2.5，VF2＝11.6，VB1＝7.4，VB2＝8.1。
则该性状的广义遗传力为( ) ，狭义遗传力为( ) 。
10. 、在小群体中由于随机抽样而引起的基因频率的随机波动称为 ( )。
三、判断题（每小题1分，共10分。
你认为正确的，在括号中打“√”，你认为错误的，在括号中打“×”。
）1、在正常的情况下，50个卵母细胞将产生200个成熟的单倍体卵。
（）2、已知生物的tRNA种类在 40种以上，而氨基酸的种类只有20种，由一种以上的tRNA转运一种氨基酸的现象称简并。
（）3、在任何一个随机交配的大群体内，不论初始状态的基因型频率如何，只要经过一代的随机交配，常染色体上的基因就会达到平衡状态。
遗传学第二,第三章课后习题答案
遗传学综合试题班级：09生1 姓名：李学梅学号：20091052106综合试题（A）一．名词解释（每小题2分，共20分）1. 遗传学：2. 染色体：3. 连锁遗传图（遗传图谱）：4.剂量效应：5.转导：6.测交：7.从性遗传(sex-influenced inheritance)：8.遗传平衡、基因平衡定律：9.物理图谱：10.Mendel：二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 真核生物mRNA最初转录产物必须经过加工才能成为有功能的mRNA。
加工过程包括在5’端加（），在3’端加（）。
2研究生物的遗传特征从亲代到子代的遗传规律的科学称为（）。
3.作图函数表示重组率与（）的关系。
4. 基因型方差可进一步分解为加性方差，（）方差和（）方差。
5在经典遗传学中，基因既是（）的基本单位，也是（）的基本单位。
6、细胞中形态和功能相同的一对染色体称为（）。
7.QTL作图一般要经过（），（），（），（）等几个过程。
8. 作统计分析在基因互作中，积加作用、隐性上位作用和抑制作用在Ｆ2代的分离比例分别是( ) 、( ) 和( ) 。
9. 在同一地块中同时种植P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2等6个世代，测得某性状的方差VF1＝2.5，VF2＝11.6，VB1＝7.4，VB2＝8.1。
则该性状的广义遗传力为( ) ，狭义遗传力为( ) 。
10. 、在小群体中由于随机抽样而引起的基因频率的随机波动称为 ( )。
三、判断题（每小题1分，共10分。
你认为正确的，在括号中打“√”，你认为错误的，在括号中打“×”。
）1、在正常的情况下，50个卵母细胞将产生200个成熟的单倍体卵。
（）2、已知生物的tRNA种类在 40种以上，而氨基酸的种类只有20种，由一种以上的tRNA转运一种氨基酸的现象称简并。
（）3、在任何一个随机交配的大群体内，不论初始状态的基因型频率如何，只要经过一代的随机交配，常染色体上的基因就会达到平衡状态。
理学 概率论与数理统计_第三版龙永红完整答案
概率论与数理统计龙永红，第三版，高等教育出版社课后习题详细答案厦门大学 经济学院08经济 周玉龙08金融 王骁 李政宵09金融 孙士慧 许彩灵 唐艺烨联合编写2011年2月16日 第一版注意：若要打印，请不要打印34页之后的内容！只有34页之前的内容才是校对过的！2010年的时候半期考试考到3.1，即34页之前的内容。
目录前言 (3)编写任务记录 (4)练习1‐1 (5)练习1‐2 (6)练习1‐3 (7)练习1‐4 (9)练习1‐5 (12)习题一 (13)练习2‐1 (15)练习2‐2 (17)练习2‐3 (18)练习2‐4 (20)练习2‐5 (23)习题二 (26)练习3‐1 (29)练习3‐2 (35)练习3‐3 (40)练习3‐4 (43)练习3‐5 (48)练习4‐1 (49)练习4‐2 (50)练习4‐3 (51)练习4‐4 (53)练习5‐2 (54)练习5‐3 (55)练习5‐4 (56)练习5‐5 (56)练习5‐6 (58)前言各位学弟学妹们，大家好。
这份答案是我在2010年学习概率统计的时候，和几个好朋友一起编写的。
我在大二上学线性代数的时候，当时找不到习题答案，于是很多不会做的题目，我就直接放弃了，期末线性代数成绩很不理想。
大二下在学概率统计的时候，我决定要把书上的题目都做会，但当时找不到一本参考答案，于是便想到了自己来编写一本答案书。
这样我不仅可以强迫自己把书上的题目都做了，更重要的是，我还可以帮助今后很多的学弟学妹学习概率统计。
于是找到08经济系的周玉龙同学，由他撰写手写初稿答案；我又找了几个愿意加入的朋友，我们一起将手写初稿录入进电脑，他们是09金融的孙士慧、许彩灵、唐艺烨和08金融的李政宵；我再将电子版初稿打印下来，并在上面进行打印错误的校正，再由我将这些错误在电脑中改过来。
最后整理排版，这就是你眼前的这本电子书。
撰写初版答案是辛苦的，将初版手写答案录入电脑更是非常辛苦。
建筑结构抗震设计习题解答李国强版
4. a 中软场地上的建筑物抗震性能比中硬场地上的建筑物抗震性能要差 （建筑物条件均同）。 b. 粉土中粘粒含量百分率愈大,则愈容易液化. c．液化指数越小，地震时地面喷水冒砂现象越轻微。 d．地基的抗震承载力为承受竖向荷载的能力。
土层厚度：第 i 实测标贯点所代表的土层厚度的上界取上部非液化土层的底面或第
i 1实测标贯点所代表土层的底面；其下界取下部非液化土层的顶面或相邻实测标贯点
的深度的均值。
测点
测点深度 （m）
土层厚度
标准贯入度
土层中点 权函数 液化指数
（m） 实测值 临界值 深度（m） wi
I IE
0
－
1.0
未测 不计算
i 1
6950 0.3329 12606.72
T1 2
6
Giui2
i 1 6
2
Gi u
i 1
3308.05 1.0245s 12606.72
第四章的习题解答
1．见教材。
2．多层砌体结构一般不考虑垂直地震作用。 3．a.增强纵横墙的连接；b.加强楼盖的整体性；c.约束墙体裂缝的开展；
5．a.正确；b. 正确；c. 正确；d.错误，因两方向的ξ不一定相同。 6．a.500mm，2Ф6，1m；b.端部，拐角；c. 主拉应力理论，剪摩擦理论；
d.小于，小于，等于；e.芯柱
7．解：楼梯间的楼层剪力 V 82.8kN
2.08 2.08 5
2
10
4
0
即： 5 2 2 6.24 5 2 4.3264 0
12 31.2
2 2
31.2
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第九章计数器和定时器电路
习题与答案
1、8253主要由哪几个部分组成？
解：数据总线缓冲器、读写控制电路、控制字寄存器以及三个计数器
2、（1）8253内部有哪几个通道？简要说明CLK、OUT和GA TE引脚的含义。
（2）8253-5通道2工作于方式3，输入时钟频率为1MHz，OUT引脚输出周期为10ms 的方波。
已知通道0的口地址为3F0H，试编写初始化程序段。
解：（1）8253内部有三个计数通道，计数器#0、#1、#2。
CLK为时钟信号输入引脚，GATE为门控信号输入引脚，OUT引脚根据各种工作方式的不同，输出各种工作波形。
（2）MOV AL，10010110B
MOV DX，3F3H
OUT DX，AL
MOV AL，1000
MOV DX，3F2H
OUT DX，AL
3、8253使用通道1，工作在方式2，要求产生2ms的定时中断，8253的CLK输入端的时
钟周期为0.84µs，试写出初始化程序段。
（假设端口地址为0FCH~0FFH)
解：计算2ms对应的时间常数
N＝2mS／0．84µs＝2×1000／0．84＝2381＝094DH
初始化编程：
MOV AL ,75H
OUT 0FFH ,AL
MOV AL ,81H
OUT 0FDH ,AL
MOV AL ,23H
OUT 0FDH ,AL
4、假设8253各端口的地址分别为40H一43H，若计数器0，OUT引脚输出1KHZ的连续
方波信号；计数器1，每秒钟产生18．2次连续的方波信号；计数器2，每15．12µs，输出一次连续的单脉冲信号。
CLK＝1．19MHZ。
对以上通道进行初始化编程。
解：TC（计数周期）＝1/1.19MHZ＝0.84µs
计数器0：N＝1000/0.84＝1190=04A6H
计数器1：N=54900/0.84=65357=FF4DH
计数器2：N=15.12/0.84=18=12H
初始化编程：
MOV AL, 36H ；通道0
OUT 43H, AL
MOV AL, 0A6H
OUT 40H, AL
MOV AL, 04H
OUT 40H, AL
MOV AL, 76H ；通道1
OUT 43H, AL
MOV AL, 4DH
OUT 41H, AL
MOV AL, 0FFH
OUT 41H, AL
MOV AL,94 H ；通道2
OUT 43H, AL
MOV AL, 12H
OUT 42H, AL
5、假设8253各端口的地址分别为40H一43H，CLK＝1MHZ，若要计数器产生周期为1s
的方波，请问使用一块8253如何达到目的？并写出初始化编程。
解：在只用一个计数器的情况下。
由于计数值：
N＝1000000/1＝106≥65536
故可以采用计数器级联的方式实现题目的要求。
级联方法：计数器0的CLK接1MHZ的时钟脉冲，计数值为1000，工作于方
式3；再将计数器0的OUT接于计数器1的CLK端口。
令计数器1也工作于
方式3，计数值为1000，就可以在计数器1的OUT输出得到所需要的方波。
初始化程序：
MOV DX, 43H ；初始化计数器0
MOV AL, 37H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 00
MOV DX, 40H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 10
OUT DX, AL
MOV DX, 43H ；初始化计数器1
MOV AL, 77H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 00
MOV DX, 41H
OUT DX, AL
MOV AL, 10
OUT DX, AL。