考研完形填空红花绿叶词汇总总结
(梁钰)完形、阅读红花绿叶词及大小作文终极模板
一、完形填空红花绿叶法则:红花词: be subject to(遭受),while(前后对比),however, although, because, yet, for example, for instance,available(可使用的,可得到的),such as, necessary, therefore, address(解决),access(路径,通道), for, develop(制定), tend to(往往会…), tendency绿叶词:since, unless, about, if only, in case, lest, now that, as to, with regard to, with reference to, only if二、阅读理解红花绿叶法则:红花词:may, might, maybe, possible, not all, probably, some, change, not necessarily, sympathy(同情),more or less, be likely to, most, not enough, not every, perhaps, threat(威胁)绿叶词:must, always, never, the most(最高级),all, only, none, any, Indifference(漠不关心),biased(有偏见的),puzzling(感到迷惑的)三、小作文模板1.求职信/申请信(application 申请)Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter for the purpose of applying for the position [as posted in the newspaper].My qualifications, I believe, just meet your requirements. In the first place/first of all/firstly, English, as my major, is perfectly in line with this job. In addition/Moreover/furthermore, my previous work experience has helped me lay a solid foundation for the work here.At last/Finally/Last but not the least, I am a good team player and I am eager to learn. Please refer to my resume attached for more details.I would appreciate it a lot if you could schedule an interview for me. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours truly/sincerely,Li Ming2.推荐信(recommendation推荐)Dear Mary,I am writing this letter to recommend a movie to you. The name of the movie is The Pursuit of Happiness.Here are some reasons. In the first place/Above all/First of all/Firstly/To begin with, the plot(情节)of this movie is particularly moving(感人的).In addition, this movie is inspiring(激励人的). At last, the cast(卡司)演员阵容of this movie is very strong.I like this movie very much. I hope you can enjoy it too. I am looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Ming 3.辞职信(resignation辞职)Dear…,I am writing this letter for the purpose of resigning from my current position.After several months of work, I find it inappropriate for me to take this position for the following reasons. In the first place, I ever expected the job to be both challenging and rewards which has turned out to be the opposite. In the second, the salary has proved to be a lot lower than you originally promised and I have a large family to support. As a result, I have made up my mind to quit the job after much deliberation.Thanks a lot for having offered me the golden opportunity to work with the outstanding staff here. I sincerely hope you will approve of my resignation. I am genuinely sorry for any inconvenience caused.Yours truly,Li Ming4.建议信(suggestion, advice建议)To whom it may concern,I am writing this letter for the purpose of conveying(传达)my deepest(最深的) concern(担忧)about…It must be pointed out that the current situation(现状)is going from bad to worse. Accordingly(因此)/Therefore/So,it is urgent forus to take effective measures. In the first place, we should enhance(加强) the public’s awareness(意识) of the importance of it. In the second, we should appeal to(呼吁) the relevant departments to set up strict regulations(立法)against it.Thanks a lot for paying attention to this letter. I am looking forward to seeing some new changes in the society soon.5.感谢信(thanks)Dear…,I am writing this letter for the purpose of conveying my thanks for your warm reception(接待).Your friendly warmth made it possible that I have a pleasant time here. And it was your generous(慷慨的)help that allowed(允许)me the chance(机会)to know the culture(文化)here. I hope that you would visit our country so that I would get the opportunity to repay your kindness.Please accept my sincere(诚挚的)thanks. Wish you all the best.(祝你一切顺利)6.祝贺信(congratulation祝贺信)Dear…,I am…expressing my sincere congratulations on yourachievement.I know how hard you have worked to attain this goal. Therefore, I can imagine your excitement when you realized such an ambition. Indeed, no one could have been more deserving(应得的)than you. On the other hand, for me, it would be a real encouragement(鼓励)to see your pains(痛苦)rewarded(奖励). In short=All in all=In a word=In conclusion, I take great pride in your achievements. Please accept my sincere congratulations. I wish you still(仍然)further success.7.道歉信(apology道歉)Dear…,I am…making a sincere(诚挚的)apology to you for my carelessness(粗心).When I arrived home, I found I made a terrible mistake. I fell awfully sorry for this. As I understand this is one of your favorites, I will try my best to make up for(弥补)my mistake as soon as possible.Please accept my heartfelt=sincere apology. I genuinely=sincere=heartfelt hope you can forgive me for my carelessness.8.投诉信(complaint投诉)To whom it may concern,I am…making a complaint about the laptop I bought last week. The reasons for my complaint are as follows. In the first place, the quality of this product is not good. In the second, the service of the staff is not satisfactory(令人满意的). Accordingly, I find it difficult to go on with my life and work by using this product.My demand is that you should take this matter into serious consideration(考虑)and give me a satisfactory reply as soon as possible. At the same time, I genuinely hope to see some improvement(改进)in your services.Yours truly,Li Ming9.邀请信(invitation邀请)Dear Sir or Madam,I am...inviting you to take part in this activity.The activity is scheduled to take place at school library at 9:00 a.m. on this Sunday. I will fell it an honor if you could come.Since your presence(到场)is of vital importance(至关重要)to this occasion(场合), I do hope you can make it. I am looking forward to seeing you at that day.10.介绍信(introduction介绍)Dear…,I am writing this letter for the purpose of introducing this person to you.Now he is studying in Peking University. He will graduate in July and pursue his master’s degree in your university. He will encounter (遭遇)a variety of difficulties. Therefore, he hoped to enjoy your guidance(指导)in some ways. I would be most grateful(感谢的)if you could kindly offer help.Thanks a lot for paying attention to this letter. I am looking forward to your reply.11.请求信(request请求)To whom it may concern,I am …asking you to help find a child in a remote area to offer financial(经济的)aid(帮助).My requirements for the candidate are as follows. In the first place, he must be in poverty and truly in need of help. In the second, the child should be hard-working and eager to learn. In addition, he or she must be willing to his or her hometown after graduation from university. I plan to send him or her a certain sum of money eachterm.四、大作文模板Here demonstrates a chart/picture/graph with regard to the different population’s quantity(数量)of city and countryside, ranging from 1990to2010. As is shown clearly in this thought-provoking(发人深思的)chart above,the change of the population in cities was obvious, which had picked up(增加) significantly from 300 million in 1990 to about 660 million in 2010. In comparison,the population in countrysides declined from about 810 million in 1990 to 670 million in 2010.Why does this phenomenon happen? There are numerous reasons accounting for it and I would like to explore a few of the most extraordinary ones here. Above all, I am strongly convinced that with technology and science progressing quickly in the past three decades, some people give plenty of priority to material possessions and personal interests, therefore, a growing number of people prefer to live in cities. In addition, this is partly due to the fact that we can make more money.In line with my personal thinking, there are two major factors ought to be taken into account seriously. On one hand, the public ought to arrange our life reasonably. On the other hand, the relevantdepartments of the government should fashion sounder laws (制定更加健全的法律)to ensure the benefit of each citizen. Only if these measures/initiatives are adopted effectively can we live a better life.兼职:doing part-time job大一:in the first year of the college。
2021考研英语完形填空之红花绿叶词
红花词:以下8个词(词组)均出现过3 次以上,每次都作为正确答案出现:however,while,although,for example,such as,because,available,subject,tend,against。
绿叶词:以下10个词均出现2-3次,但从未成为正确答案:at,if only,only if ,now that,unless,restrict,since,about,provided,about。
1. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack theeveryday survival skills need to turn their lives around. (2021年完形第14题)[A] when [B] once [C] while(C) [D] whereas解题:①红花词是[C] While—妥协逻辑关系词;②其核心特征为主从句/成份间语义的相反相对,因此只要判断出空前后(句内)语义相反相对即可。
空格处所在句子前半部份指出“还有许多人,__不酗酒吸毒,精神也正常”,说明他们不会有问题,但后半部份又提出“就是没有改善生活现状的生存技术”,很显然前后矛盾,组成语义上相反关系,故红花词while正确。
2. Not everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing.(2021年完形第7题)[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided(B) [D] Except that解题:①红花词是[B] Although—妥协逻辑关系词;②其核心特征为主从句/成份间语义的相反相对,因此只要判断出空前后语义相反相对即可。
考研英语完型填空红花绿叶考研技巧
考研英语完型填空红花绿叶考研技巧考研英语完型填空红花绿叶技巧一、红花绿叶原则在考研英语完型填空中,有一些关键词被称为“红花”,因为它们经常出现在正确答案中,而有些关键词被称为“绿叶”,因为它们经常出现在错误答案中。
了解这些红花绿叶的规律,可以帮助我们更准确地选择正确答案。
二、红花关键词1、名词:在完型填空中,名词是经常出现的一种关键词。
在选择答案时,要特别注意名词的词义和语法搭配。
2、形容词:形容词用来描述名词的性质和特征,也是完型填空中常见的关键词。
在选择答案时,要注意形容词的词义和语法搭配。
3、动词:动词是英语中非常重要的一种词类,也是完型填空中常见的关键词。
在选择答案时,要注意动词的词义、时态、语态和主谓一致等语法规则。
4、常见搭配:英语中有很多习惯性搭配,这些搭配也是完型填空中的常见考点。
在选择答案时,要注意词语之间的搭配关系。
三、绿叶关键词1、介词:介词是英语中一个非常小的词类,但它在完型填空中却经常出现。
在选择答案时,要注意介词的用法和搭配。
2、副词:副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,也是完型填空中常见的关键词。
在选择答案时,要注意副词的用法和搭配。
3、连词:连词用来连接句子和句子,或者句子和短语之间,也是完型填空中常见的关键词。
在选择答案时,要注意连词的用法和搭配。
4、冠词:冠词是一种虚词,用来修饰名词,在英语中也非常重要。
在选择答案时,要注意冠词的用法和搭配。
四、红花绿叶技巧应用在完型填空中,当遇到一个空格时,我们可以先看看空格前后有哪些关键词,特别是红花关键词。
如果空格前后的关键词与红花关键词有关,那么我们就可以根据红花关键词的词义和语法搭配来选择答案。
如果空格前后的关键词与绿叶关键词有关,那么我们就可以根据绿叶关键词的用法和搭配来排除错误答案。
五、实例分析下面以一道考研英语完型填空为例来说明红花绿叶技巧的应用:The 1980s and 1990s saw a 24-hour economy, with the 24-hour McDonald's and the 24-hour Starbucks. This 24-hour economy has 25 into a 24-hour health care industry, 26 night nurses and home health aides.21、A) exclusively B) typically C) formerly D) initially 211、A) business B) culture C) education D) entertainment 2111、A) combined B) complemented C) integrated D) inserted 21111、A) transformed B) translated C) transferred D) transferred211111、A) creating B) causing C)迫使 D)建议2111111、A) so as to B) in order to C) in order that D) for the purpose of21题是一个完型填空,根据红花绿叶技巧,我们可以先看看空格前后有哪些关键词,特别是红花关键词。
(完整word版)考研英语完型填空和阅读理解红花绿叶词高频固定搭配短语
一、考研英语完形填空(一)红花绿叶词红花词however/but/yet/although/though; while/whereas; in spite of;no matter how; whether...or...even if/even though/even whenon the contrary; rather than;on the other hand;unlike(转折和让步---对比关系)becasue/as; so/therefore/thereby/thus/consequently; lead to/result from; because of/due to/owing to/on account of(因果)in fact/in effect/furthermore/moreover/in addition/besides; still/ also; indeed/furthermore(递进)so that/so...that...(目的和结果)and/or/as well as(并列)which/than/that(关系词)绿叶词if/providing/supposing; until/unless; as if/if only/lest; in casesince/now thatwhat/who/whomlikewise; forever; other than; but for补充:作为正确答案的高选频词汇Convert, reverse, respond, ignore, consume, identify, expect, maintain, increase, decrease…(动词)Substantially, significantly; incidentally, approximately; irregularly; exceedingly…; far/even/much 加强比较级(副词)Extensive; excessive; significant; reverse, particular; vulnerable/susceptible; available; identifiable…(形容词)Without; against; on; beyond; for(介词)二、考研英语阅读理解(一)观点态度词作者态度题:理解全文主旨大意,体会作者的语气,特别注意形容词的修饰。
完型填空红花绿叶原则
【考研冲刺】完形填空的红花绿叶原则2012年11月11日08:07:24一、四分技巧:(与英语水平无关,人人可拿到4分)1、利用“红花绿叶”原则:(2~5道红花绿叶题/每年)⑴、红花词(必选的词):√,,,。
⑵、绿叶词(必不选的词):×①(11次),,,(不放在名词后,不引导定语和同谓语从句)。
②虚拟语气系列词:,(唯恐、以免、万一),,(否则、要不然)。
【的虚拟语气跟原】。
(表示与真实情况相反和不相符的情况。
①与过去情况相反,从句用过去完成时;②与现在情况相反,从句用一般过去时;③与将来情况相反,用 + V原形。
)(=I 但愿,要是),【注意: () 如果】③表示关于的词:、、、。
2、利用答案分布的规律:⑴、每篇完形填空中A、B、C、D作为正确选项的个数各在4—6个之间:8(2001):【A 5, B 5,C 5,D 5】9(2002):【A 5, B 5,C 5, D 5】10(2003):【A 5, B 4,C 5, D 6】11(2004):【A 6, B 5,C 4, D 5】12(2005):【A 5, B 5,C 5, D 5】13(2006):【A 6, B 4,C 6, D 4】14(2007):【A 5, B 5,C 5, D 5】可见,全部选A 得3分。
【评分时:没2.5分,都给四舍五入为3分。
】⑵、A作为正确选项的个数最多。
⑶、没有连续三个答案都一样的情况,连续两个答案都一样的情况为0—3个,相邻答案彼此都不一样的概率为17—20。
⑷、在五个一组的答案中,至少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项,在每组接缝处不会连续两个答案都一样。
【选项答案分布规律-对于阅读同样适用→阅读20个选项中:A、B、C、D分别平均5个。
】3、总结:◆得4分,方法:利用“红花绿叶”原则,可得至少1分+剩余题全部选A,可得3分=4分。
二、四分到七分技巧:(与英语水平有点关系,但是关系不大目标:7分)1、同义原则:※(4~7道同义词辨析题/每年)⑴、在四个选项中,有两个或三个实词(动、名、形、副)互为同义词时,答案往往在其中;※⑵、在四个选项中,有两个或三个虚词(介、连、感叹)互为同义词时,答案往往都不选;※⑶、当四个选项有一个共同意义时,该意义往往不能入选,要看选项的特殊含义。
考研英语完形填空的解题技巧及规律(超实用!!!)
一、完形填空的解题技巧及规律:1、利用“红花绿叶“原则:红花词(必选的词):however、although、yet、because绿叶词(必不选的词):since、ever since、now that、what;in case、lest、if only、or else(虚拟语气系列词);about、as to、with regard to、with/in reference to(与“关于”意义有关的词)2、答案分布的规律:⑴、每篇完形填空中A、B、C、D作为正确选项的个数各在4—6个之间;⑵、A作为正确选项的个数最多;⑶、没有连续三个答案都一样的情况,连续两个答案都一样的情况为0—3个;⑷、在五个一组的答案中,最少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项,在每组接缝处没有连续两个答案都一样的情况;3、完形填空文章特点:⑴、文章字数:240—280之间;⑵、首段首句不出题,是主旨句(2001年除外),除首句外基本每句话都要出题;⑶、总分结构进行到底;⑷、每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者态度;⑸、逻辑关系非常明确:五大逻辑关系:(按照考核频度排序)① 对立关系(包括:转折、让步及其他);② 因果关系;③ 并列关系;④ 总分关系⑤ 递进关系。
4、同义原则:⑴、在四个选项中,有两个实词(动、名、形、副)互为同义词时,答案往往在其中;⑵、在四个选项中,有两个虚词(介、连、感叹)互为同义词时,答案往往都不选;⑶、当四个选项有一个共同意义时,该意义往往不能入选,要看选项的特殊含义。
5、做题理念:⑴、首段首句没有读懂就不要做下去;⑵、能够用顺序的方法做对的题目,尽量不要用逆序带入的方法;⑶、能够用阅读方法做对的题目,尽量不要用同义词辨析方法做。
6、表语题解题方法(系动词后面出的题):当表语是名词时,它与主语是对等关系;当表语是形容词时,或相当于形容词时,与主语是修饰关系。
7、逻辑关系题解题方法:⑴、定义:通过前后句的意思及其内在关系,判定答案的题目。
2020考研英语完型、新题型、翻译考场加分技巧点拨
2020考研英语完型、新题型、翻译考场加分技巧点拨第一部分、完形填空红花绿叶原则及16条规律一、四分技巧:(与英语水平无关,人人可拿到4分)1、利用“红花绿叶”原则:(2~5道红花绿叶题/每年)⑴、红花词(必选的词):√However,although,yet,because。
⑵、绿叶词(必不选的词):×①since(11次),ever since,now that,what(what不放在名词后,不引导定语和同谓语从句)。
②虚拟语气系列词:if only,in case(唯恐、以免、万一),lest,or else(否则、要不然)。
【in case/lest的虚拟语气跟should+V原】。
(表示与真实情况相反和不相符的情况。
①与过去情况相反,从句用过去完成时;②与现在情况相反,从句用一般过去时;③与将来情况相反,用would/could+V原形。
)if only(=I wish但愿,要是),【注意:only if(=if)如果】③表示关于的词:as to、with regard to、with/in reference to、about。
2、利用答案分布的规律:⑴、每篇完形填空中A、B、C、D作为正确选项的个数各在4—6个之间:Passage8(2011):DADBA CDBBA BCBAC ADCDC【A5,B5,C5,D5】Passage9(2012):ADCBB ADDCB DAACB DACBC【A5,B5,C5,D5】Passage10(2013):ABCDC BDCADADBDC DBACA【A5,B4,C5,D 6】Passage11(2014):CDADA BCDABACDBA BBDAC【A6,B5,C4,D 5】Passage12(2015):CBACB ADADBCADCD BCDAB【A5,B5,C5,D 5】Passage13(2016):ABDAD CBCAACBDCC ABCAD【A6,B4,C6,D 4】Passage14(2017):BDACC DBABC ADACB DCABD【A5,B5,C5,D 5】可见,全部选A得3分。
考研英语完型红花绿叶词汇
【一代红花词】however although yet because=in that while available/availability 【二代红花词】熟词僻义主词subjectdisposableaveragemeandevelop meet upon/on 熟词僻义adj./v.遭受n.研究对象(be subject to 贬义遭受...)adj.一次性的(disposable w orkers 临时工)adj.普通的;大众的(averageman 普通大众)adj.平均的(mean value 平均值)v.患(病)v.满足prep. 一...就基本释义n. 主题,主语,科目adj.可处理的adj.平均的v.意味着v.发展v.遇见;开会prep. 关于;在...之上perform functions 起作用/ play a part in扮演一个角色shape immediateclaim address accommodate companyin perspective downcrydraftside interpretation credit v.对...产生影响adj.直接的(the immediate relative 直系亲属)(the immediate superior 顶头上司)v.索赔v.解决;演讲v.适应(adjust to)v.陪伴(in the c ompany of 伴随着)正确地adj.失落的;失望的(let down 失落;失望;沮丧)n.口号n.草案v.支持(side with)n.口译;司法解释(interpret)v.归功于(credit sth to sb)形状,塑造adj.立刻的v.宣布;声称n. 地址v.容纳n. 公司用透视法的adj.下降v.哭n. 草图;草稿v.制定n. 边n. 翻译n. 学分;信用【三代红花词】affect for example such as something some 的合成词【绿叶词】since ever since now that what only unless In case if only or else about as t owithregardtoin reference toarare bird career put down to in question value share pictureturn around put message perform一个杰出的人 n.成就 v.归因于谈论到的 v.重视 v.具有 n.局面;情况(a big picture 整体;全局 ) v.使...好转 v.说;解释n.信号;主旨;中心思想 v.履行;执行珍禽 n. 事业;职业 v.放下 n. 价值 v.分享 n. 照片;图画v.转身;环顾四周 v.放 n. 信息 v.表演。
考研英语完型绿叶词
绿叶词(必不选的词):since、ever since从那时到现在、now that、what;虚拟语气系列词:in case万一、lest、if only(=I wish)、or else;与“关于”意义有关的词:about、as to、with regard to、with/in reference to单词解释:✓Lest conj.唯恐, 以免, 免得, (用于fear, be afraid之后, 等于that)例子:Be careful lest you fall from that tree.要当心, 以免从树上摔下来。
I was afraid lest he might come too late.我怕他来得太晚。
In case/lest 虚拟语气,跟should +V原______________________________________________________________________________ ✓as toprep.(介词)(1)With regard to:关于:We are puzzled as to how it happened.关于它是如何发生的,我们很迷惑(2)According to:按照:candidates who were chosen as to ability.候选者是根据能力选出的_______________________________________________________________________________(1)只引导主、宾、表从句(2)前面不能有名词,不能引导定语从句、同位语从句(3)后面从句不完整 98%是定语从句、1%是what从句、1%是省略式的状语从句。
定语从句和状语从句所缺成分不同:定语从句缺名词和状语;省略式状语从句缺系动词和主语。
_______________________________________________________________________________when时间状语连词主句和从句的谓语动作同时发生,时态要一样;但是所有的时间状语连词,(尤其是when),有这样一个特殊要求,当一个动作比另一个动作发生在前,有明显的先与后的时候,发生在前的动作要比发生在后的动作还要往前推一个时态。
考研英语完型红花绿叶词汇
n.成就
n.事业;职业
put down to
v.归因于
v.放下
in question
谈论到的
value
v.重视
n.价值
share
v.具有
v.分享
picture
n.局面;情况
(a big picture整体;全局)
n.照片;图画
turn around
v.使...好转
v.转身;环顾四周
put
【一代红花词】
however although yet because=in that while available/availability
【二代红花词】熟词僻义
主词
熟词僻义
基本释义
subject
adj./v.遭受n.研究对象
(be subject to贬义遭受...)
n.主题,主语,科目
disposable
prep.一...就
prep.关于;在...之上
perform functions / play a part in
起作用
扮演一个角色
shape
v.对...产生影响
形状,塑造
immediate
adj.直接的
(the immediate relative直系亲属)
(the immediate superior顶头上司)
adj.下降
cry
n.口号
v.哭
draft
n.草案
n.草图;草稿
v.制定
side
v.支持(side with)
n.边
interpretation
n.口译;司法解释(interpret)
红花绿叶原则
一、完形填空的解题技巧及规律:1、利用“红花绿叶“原则:红花词(必选的词):however、although、yet、because绿叶词(必不选的词):since、ever since、now that、what;in case、lest、if only、or else(虚拟语气系列词);about、as to、with regard to、with/in reference to(与“关于”意义有关的词)2、答案分布的规律:⑴、每篇完形填空中A、B、C、D作为正确选项的个数各在4—6个之间;⑵、A作为正确选项的个数最多;⑶、没有连续三个答案都一样的情况,连续两个答案都一样的情况为0—3个;⑷、在五个一组的答案中,最少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项,在每组接缝处没有连续两个答案都一样的情况;3、完形填空文章特点:⑴、文章字数:240—280之间;⑵、首段首句不出题,是主旨句(2001年除外),除首句外基本每句话都要出题;⑶、总分结构进行到底;⑷、每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者态度;⑸、逻辑关系非常明确:五大逻辑关系:(按照考核频度排序)①对立关系(包括:转折、让步及其他);②因果关系;③并列关系;④总分关系⑤递进关系。
4、同义原则:⑴、在四个选项中,有两个实词(动、名、形、副)互为同义词时,答案往往在其中;⑵、在四个选项中,有两个虚词(介、连、感叹)互为同义词时,答案往往都不选;⑶、当四个选项有一个共同意义时,该意义往往不能入选,要看选项的特殊含义。
5、做题理念:⑴、首段首句没有读懂就不要做下去;⑵、能够用顺序的方法做对的题目,尽量不要用逆序带入的方法;⑶、能够用阅读方法做对的题目,尽量不要用同义词辨析方法做。
6、表语题解题方法(系动词后面出的题):当表语是名词时,它与主语是对等关系;当表语是形容词时,或相当于形容词时,与主语是修饰关系。
7、逻辑关系题解题方法:⑴、定义:通过前后句的意思及其内在关系,判定答案的题目。
考研完形填空红花绿叶词汇总总结
Run (及物动词是表:管理,操控)同义词一般都不选however然而,但是=otherwise否则,但是Above all 首先,尤其是(表并列)完形填空:一、见到很可能选的词:1、一代红花(很可能选):however(一定有逗号,然后看意思—前后相反)入选概率大于but,有类似用法的有:for example=for instance;though(仅当副词的时候可以放句中,前后加逗号,当连词不行)nevertheless(然而,不过),it turns out(其结果是,被证明是,放句中,前后加逗号)AlthoughYet表示“尚未”(用在否定句或疑问句)—反义—already(已经,用于肯定句)Still表示无变化的延续性Eg:the guests are already here. But the meat is not ready yet. It still has to be cooked for another five minutes.特:have you finished the work already?You are very speedy表惊奇Because(从属连词,引导从句)——for(并列连词,引导并列句)(1)位置:because既可以放句首,也可以放句中;for当连词时只能放句中,For当介词时可以放在句首,既其后跟着的是名词或名词短语,跟句子则不行。
从属连词放句中时前面不能加逗号,并列连词放句中时前面逗号可加可不加Because(只能选)it was raining,i was lateI was late,for it was raining(2)because连词(跟句子),because of介词(后接名词)(3)Because= in thatwhile(转折,让步,并列)(1)放句首,一般表“尽管”,引导让步状语while he has time,it doesn’t mean he has capacity and patience.(2)而,而且=whereas,表示对比的并列关系you like sports while i like read (3)可以引导省略句,从句主语和主句主语相一致,从句是系表结构,同时满足时,可以省去从句中的主语和系动词;he will go to school while( he is) ill. Eg: the phenomenon provide a way for companies to remain globally competitive while(the phenomenon is被省略了)avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens. 因为前是to,后是ing,不能用and并列。
完型总结
完型填空总结一、红花绿叶词红花词:however, but, although, because, frequently, against, with绿叶词:since, ever since, now that, therefore, if only, provided终极法宝:正确答案往往是最简单的,本质上最短的。
若没时间做,全猜A二、分词性总结1、关联词①对立关系:转折,让步判断对立关系的依据:句式上前后为一肯一否或者前后褒贬色彩不一。
转折与让步的区别:转折是真实的事实,让步是假设的事实;转折能直接否定前边的,让步不能。
②因果关系:原因,结果③条件关系④并列关系⑤递进关系:furthermore, moreover:在前文的基础上新增加一个论点Indeed:仅是对前文语气上的肯定与强调。
⑥举例总分:标志:前复后单知识点一:区分whereas和while一些人与另一些人的对比用while;猜想与现实的对比用whereas 知识点二:as / while 可以引导省略式让步状语从句主从句逻辑主语一致;从句是be doing的结构;从句中的主语和系动词可省去While watching TV, I have my dinner.动名词前填空时要考虑as,while.知识点三:若插入成分为关联词、词组,将其提前到该句句首分析。
2、动词①主谓一致:看主语能不能做出此动作Eg: inpress+人 ensure sth assure sb of sth②动宾一致:不及物动词介词搭配一致;抽象性与具体性一致;褒贬一致。
常考意群1:生产Produce:作名词时表示农产品(工业产品为product)Creat:强调新东西Generate:产生光、电、热、能源,或情绪的变化Manufacture:大规模的机器生产工业产品Yield:农产品 crops/profits常考意群2:倾向Tend to:客观倾向Incline/ intend/ attempt to: 主管倾向常考意群3:限制Subject:①易受…的,易患…的:subject to headackes②以…为条件的,取决于:our plans are subject to the weather.③隶属于,受支配:you are subjected to the laws.Limit:数量,范围,程度Binding/bound:法律,合同的限制Restrain: from crying 情感、欲望上的限制Confined:地点,种类的限制(禁闭…)常考意群4:影响Affect:不好的影响Influence:好的影响常考意群5:扩大Increase:数量增长Expand:面积Extend:时间、空间的延长Inflate:体积、通货膨胀Add: 强调新增加Raise: 由小变大,在原有的基础上增长Enhance:加抽象名词3、名词★若选项中有上下句、上下文的原词或同义词,优先选常考意群1:花费Cost:成本代价,可加抽象名词,一般都是正确答案Value: (n)价值,重要性 values 表示价值观(v)重视,评价Price:价格,奖赏,表示具体的钱常考意群2:好处、利益Profit:利润Benefit:津贴=welfareInterest:兴趣;利益三者抽象时都表示“利益”,单数。
【备考】考研英语完型填空讲义
考研英语完型填空讲义(一)四分原则1、利用“红花绿叶“原则:红花词(必选的词):however、although、yet、because做好的方法是:先选择再检查绿叶词(必不选的词):since、ever since从那时到现在、now that、what;虚拟语气系列词:in case万一、lest、if only(=I wish)、or else;与“关于”意义有关的词:about、as to、with regard to、with/in reference to2、答案分布的规律:⑴、每篇完形填空中A、B、C、D作为正确选项的个数各在4—6个之间;⑵、A作为正确选项的个数最多;⑶、没有连续三个答案都一样的情况(查检),连续两个答案都一样的情况为0—3个;相邻答案彼此都不一样的概率为17-20(即相邻答案几乎不一样).⑷、在五个一组的答案中,最少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项,在每组接缝处没有连续两个答案都一样的情况;Eg.P48 2002年 21、29、31、35P52 2004年22、25、40、P56 2006年 7、18(so跟thus同意,选Cas)P60 大纲样题4、83、完形填空文章特点:⑴、文章字数:240—280之间;⑵、首段首句不出题,是主旨句(2001年除外),除首句外基本每句话都要出题;⑶、总分结构进行到底;⑷、每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者态度;⑸、逻辑关系非常明确:※五大逻辑关系:(按照考核频度排序)①对立关系(包括:转折、让步及其他);②因果关系;③并列关系;④总分关系⑤递进关系。
(二)四分到七分技巧1.同义原则2.逻辑关系原则3.表语原则4.复现原则5.杀熟原则1、同义原则:(每年考4到7个)⑴、在四个选项中,有两个实词(动、名、形、副)互为同义词时,答案往往在其中;⑵、在四个选项中,有两个虚词(介、连、感叹)互为同义词时,答案往往都不选;⑶、当四个选项有一个共同意义时,该意义往往不能入选,要看选项的特殊含义。
完形填空红花绿叶词
完形填空红花绿叶词完形填空是英语考试中常见的题型,它要求考生根据上下文语境,在给定的空格中选择合适的词语,使文章衔接通顺,语意连贯。
其中,红花绿叶词是在完形填空中经常出现的一类词语,指的是修饰、补充或者替代名词、动词的一类词语。
本文将介绍红花和绿叶词的作用及常见用法,并举例说明。
红花词是指修饰、补充或者替代名词的词语。
它可以进一步描绘或者具体描述名词的特征或者性质,增添文章的表达力。
例如,在句子“I saw a beautiful, red flower in the garden.”中,"beautiful"是红花词,它修饰了名词"flower",进一步描述了这朵花的特征,使读者对这朵花有了更加直观的理解。
绿叶词是指修饰、补充或者替代动词的词语。
它可以进一步描述或者补充动词的行为或者状态,增加文章的细节或者感情色彩。
例如,在句子"He spoke confidently and fluently during the presentation."中,"confidently"和"fluently"都是绿叶词,它们修饰了动词"spoke",进一步描述了演讲者的表现,使读者对这位演讲者的印象更加深刻。
红花和绿叶词在完形填空中具有重要的作用,能够帮助考生选择正确的答案,同时也能够提高文章的流畅度和表达能力。
在解答完形填空题时,考生可以注意以下几点:首先,要仔细阅读题目并理解上下文的语境,确定空格所在句子的意义和逻辑关系。
其次,要根据句子的语法结构和上下文的逻辑关系,选择合适的词性和语义。
最后,要注意词与词之间的搭配和修辞关系,保持句子的语意连贯和修辞准确。
举个例子,假如完形填空的上下文是关于一个人赴约的故事,其中一句话是:"He arrived ______ for the meeting." 空格处需要填入一个绿叶词来修饰动词"arrived",帮助补充叙述人物到达会议的状态。
考研英语完形填空--红花绿色词原则完整版本
两大原则,力保四分第一:红花绿叶原则每次出现,每次都选的单词为红花词。
每次出现,每次都不选的词为绿叶词。
红花词(按排名):however,also,yet,while,because(一定背着,很重要)绿叶词:是见到后不选的词:排名第一的是:since,而且谁跟since谁倒霉,since家族都不选,同义词:eversince,nowthat一次都没选过。
还有绿叶词:what,它是著名的说和关系词,不选。
What不能跟在名词后,就不能引导定语从句和同谓语从句。
而定语和同谓语是考试的大热门。
所以它是个绿叶词。
还有两拨绿叶词,一个是涉及到虚拟语气的词。
而在考研的历年考题中却出现得很少,是因为考研完型填空选材因素,完型填空都选于比较严肃的话题,而虚拟语气不能适应严肃的场景,故出现得很少。
排第一的是:If only;要想了解这个词,还有only if ,only if就是if;但if only却不是only,only if既不是红花也不是绿叶。
If only用英文来解释的话,相当于I wish,相当于要是,只要,要是什么什么多好呀。
If only的用法,它的后面跟从句,从句的时态,如果与过去的情况相反,从句用过去完成时。
如果与现在情况相反,从句用一般过去时。
如果从句与将来的情况相反,从句用过去将来时,用would/could+动词原形。
If only或者I wish后面跟句子,它后面的句子都是过去时态,这也是是否选此词的依据。
如果不是过去时,直接排除!例 44 its economy continues to recover,44.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that所以不选CA variety of activities should be organized 35 participants canremain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without f eeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 .35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if所以不选还有in case,它等于lest,是唯恐,以免,万一。
考研英语红花绿叶词
考研英语红花绿叶词考研英语完形填空红花绿叶原则1.红花词汇(必选的单词) however although yet because熟词僻义(基本可以选) disposable(一次性)cry口号 subject(易遭受, be subject /to be subjected to) address解决 accommdate适应,容纳 company伙伴 in the wake of陪伴,伴随,随着 context 环境 average普通的 mean平均的,吝啬,小气 in question讨论的,探讨的 down沮丧,失望 put down归因于 put dowm to claim索赔abserve遵守career成就rare优秀的,杰出的value重视in perspective正确 put解释,说明 develop得病的得,患病的患 share 具有,拥有 perform起作用的起,做事情的做 affect some及合成词such as for example放句中,前后加逗号2.绿叶词汇(必不选的单词)①since(家族都不选) even since ,now that,what.②涉及虚拟语气的词汇(表示与现实相反或不相符的情况) if only 但愿. 与过去相反,从句过去完成与现在相反,一般过去时与将来情况相反would/could+v 所以用if only 最少是过去时.一般在文中很少选择,in case(唯恐,万一以免),lest,or else.(否则要不然)③表示关于的词as to,with regard to,about,with︱in reference to,3.概率原则:1.每篇完形填空中,A,B,C,D作为正确选项的个数在4-6之间。
2.A选项出现的次数最多,蒙一水的A。
3.没有连续三个答案都一样的情况。
连续两个答案都连在一起的答案0-3.相邻答案都不一样的概率17-20.4.五组答案中至少要出现3个字母作为正确选项,每组接缝处没有连续两个答案是一样的情况。
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Run (及物动词是表:管理,操控)同义词一般都不选however然而,但是=otherwise否则,但是Above all 首先,尤其是(表并列)完形填空:一、见到很可能选的词:1、一代红花(很可能选):however(一定有逗号,然后看意思—前后相反)入选概率大于but,有类似用法的有:for example=for instance;though(仅当副词的时候可以放句中,前后加逗号,当连词不行)nevertheless(然而,不过),it turns out(其结果是,被证明是,放句中,前后加逗号)AlthoughYet表示“尚未”(用在否定句或疑问句)—反义—already(已经,用于肯定句)Still表示无变化的延续性Eg:the guests are already here. But the meat is not ready yet. It still has to be cooked for another five minutes.特:have you finished the work already?You are very speedy表惊奇Because(从属连词,引导从句)——for(并列连词,引导并列句)(1)位置:because既可以放句首,也可以放句中;for当连词时只能放句中,For当介词时可以放在句首,既其后跟着的是名词或名词短语,跟句子则不行。
从属连词放句中时前面不能加逗号,并列连词放句中时前面逗号可加可不加Because(只能选)it was raining,i was lateI was late,for it was raining(2)because连词(跟句子),because of介词(后接名词)(3)Because= in thatwhile(转折,让步,并列)(1)放句首,一般表“尽管”,引导让步状语while he has time,it doesn’t mean he has capacity and patience.(2)而,而且=whereas,表示对比的并列关系you like sports while i like read (3)可以引导省略句,从句主语和主句主语相一致,从句是系表结构,同时满足时,可以省去从句中的主语和系动词;he will go to school while( he is) ill. Eg: the phenomenon provide a way for companies to remain globally competitive while(the phenomenon is被省略了)avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens. 因为前是to,后是ing,不能用and并列。
同时出现while和whereas,选while,因为它可以引导省略句。
available,availability2、二代红花(熟词辟意,可能选):subject(遭受,屈服于,臣服于)be subject to+贬义词disposable(一次性的,可处理的)disposable plastic bagaverage(普通的,大众的)average man 普通大众mean(平均的)mean value 平均值means(方式,首段)develop(患)develop a coldmeet(满足) =cater forupon=up(一……就……)upon coming home i began to do my homeworkperform functions=play a part in 起作用Shape 对……产生影响=have an effect onImmediate (直接的,较为抽象)the immediate relative/superior; immediate results Instant (直接的,意向相较具体) instant coffee速溶咖啡Claim(索赔)声称,宣布Accommodate(适应,容纳,提供住宿)=adjust to changesCompany(陪伴n/v)in the company of 伴随着In perspective 正确的,恰当的Down (失落,失望的,沮丧的)let down失落/feel down感到失落Cry(口号)=sloganDraft (草案)Side(支持v)side withInterpretation(口译,司法解释)解释Translation(笔译)Credit(归功于)credit sth. to sb. 常用意:学分,信用A rare bird 一个杰出的人Career (成就)Put down to(归因于)he put down his failure to his lazinessIn question (谈论到的)the problem in question is solved咱们谈过的那个问题已经解决了Value (重视)value education重视教育Share(具有,股份)they share same characterPicture(局面,情况)a big picture 整体全局Turn around (使……好转,有起色)turn our life/career/academic performance aroundPut (说,解释)Message(信号,主旨中心)what’s the massage of the passage?Perform(履行,执行)3、三代红花词:affect(影响v,effect是n),for example=for instance(一定有逗号)后接例子such as,something以及some的合成词二、绿叶词:Since 因为,既然,自从I have worked in this company since 1980(介词)I have worked(现在完成)in this company since i left(一般过去时)school(连词)将现在完成与一般过去连在一起时,比较容易备选Since 3 years ago(不可丢)ever since,now that,what,only(只有大写加状语放在句首,后面要倒装时入选Only in this way can we succeed)UnlessIn case(that)=lest=for fear(that)唯恐,以免,万一(后面的句子should+v原型,或者省略should)In case 是连词,后面只能跟句子(有它则必有俩个谓语动词),但in case of 后可以加名词If only= i wish(但愿,要是……就好了)虚拟语气的标志词很少作为正确选项入选,如suggest(建议),advise等,其后面一般都只用过去时态。
(与过去情况相反,用had done;与现在情况相反,用did、were;与将来情况相反,用would、could)eg:I wish you had visited me last night.例外:if 从句——与过去相反,从句用had down,主句用would have down;与现在相反,从句did、were,主句would do;与将来相反,从句用were to do,主句用would do通过主从句的时态判断连词。
Or else(否则)About= as to = with regard to = with/in reference to (关于)不能将前后关系规定太明确,所以一般不选特:当as to=according to 按照,根据时,可能入选。
三、单句单题:(一个句子一个空)往往与前后的意思关系不大,越是集中越好。
四、逻辑关系题:逻辑关系词:连词(短语)、副词(短语)、表逻辑关系的介词、分词、副词(1)转折:however;though(副词,放句中加逗号);in fact(转折或递进);but;while;nevertheless(前后加逗号);yet(2)让步:even if(即使);although(尽管);while(虽然,尽管);though;even though;much as(虽然,然而);as;whereas(然而)(3)因果:because,so,when(因为)(4)对比:whereas;while(而)(5)递进:indeed(的确);even(甚至);above all;also(也,和)(6)列举:for example;for instance;such as(总——分)(7)总结:so far(8)并列:similarly(9)条件:when(如果);if五、高频考点:1、as引导定语从句/状语从句——从句部分缺东西,则一般是定语从句(1)as作为关系代词引导定语从句,先行词可以是名词,也可以是句子Eg:he is honest as we know(从句成分不完整,know及物动词,为定语).As time went by(从句成分完整,故为状语), they fell in love(2)as引导的定语从句,位置灵活,可前置Eg:as we know he is honestas was discussed before(3)as与which区别:在引导限制性定语从句时(不加逗号),as只能用在一些固定结构中——as…as…;so…as…;such…as…;the same…as…Eg:he has many books which are displayed here.(他拥有的书在这里展出)He has as many books as are displayed here.(他拥有的书和这里展出的书一样多)在引导非限制性定语从句时,as表示主从句一致;而which表示主从不一致Eg:he has been married, as we expect.He has been married, which is unexpected.2、than引导定语从句:从句中缺名词;主句中有比较级;从句一定要缺主语;对比情况不明显Rather than 而不是Other than 除…之外I’m taller than you(are tall).状语从句He drinks more wine than is good for his health(定语从句)考试放向:than 后词的时态There should be more anxieties over the risk of getting cancer than A in the mind of the public.A exist(主语是复数)B existsC existingD existed3、but引导定语从句:关系代词从句缺名词;主句要有否定成分;but=that/who…notEg: there is no one but errs(动词,犯错). = there is no one that doesn’t errs.4、as引导倒装句表让步:(尽管……也)adj/adv/分词/名词(无冠词)/短语+ as +主语+ 谓语(表语提前)Young as he is,he is knowledgeable.(副词提前)much as i respect him,i cannot agree with him(名词提前)(前无冠词)child as he is,he is knowledgeable(最高级提前)(前无冠词)oldest in our workshop as he is,he works hardest. (强调表语)Lazy a boy as he is,he is kind to help the others.(分词提前)praised as he was,he remained modest.(动词提前)try as you will,you won’t manage it.Fail as i did,i would never stop try.5、转折和让步都属于对立关系:意思、褒贬色彩,句式结构(前后肯否不一)选择:(1)其他对立:against(对抗);on the contrary(相反)instead of;rather than,admit(承认,程度较小),ignoring(忽视);by contrast(相比之下)(2)转折:however;though(副词,放句中加逗号);in fact(转折或递进);but;while;nevertheless(前后加逗号);yet(3)让步:even if(即使);although(尽管);while(虽然,尽管);though;even though;much as(虽然,然而);as;whereas(然而)转折与让步的区别:全否为转折;部分否定是让步Although(从属)与but(并列);because(从属)和so(并列)不能在句中同时出现从属连词与并列连词不能同时出现,从属可前可后,前不加逗号;并列连词只能放后,逗号可加可不加。