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跨文化交际期末试题

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Test Paper 1Ⅰ. Filling the blanks:1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while that inthe East is high-contextual2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adoptsDualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the Westfollows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East followssynthetic and concrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the Westuses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two co mprehensivecategories: those that are primarily produced by the body, suchas_________,________,_______; and those that the individualcombines with the setting, such as _______, _______,_______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbsand allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholarsname this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a morefanciful impression than information, and the information isusually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other“goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term thisstyle as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct withobjective information. To them, much-repeated words may meanless after a while. We may term the Western writing as________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western beliefholds that _______, while the Asian people believethat_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western beliefholds that _______, while the Asian people believethat_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia,Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming orientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. Itgoes by the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus art; objectivity versusimaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology;imagination versus subjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugationversus subjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science versus religion; objectivityversus subjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation. The Hinduthinks in order to _______. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing______, while in China, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are__________________________________, while the lowcontact countries are ________________________________.CA. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arabworld, Mediterranean countries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia,Middle EastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US,Britain, most Northern European countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US, Britain,most Northern European countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication,the high-contextual people are __________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German,SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese,JapaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese,BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese,Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble”of space (territory). Studies showthat people from ________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, -_________.AA. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries;North America, Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arabcountries, and many Asian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America, Arabcountries, and many Asian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries;South America, Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much moreimportant to the individual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, HispanicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______, ______,________for help, while in extended-family culture, people relymainly on ________for help. CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first, while inextended-family culture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel thatthey had _______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent;receiving; material; get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”;independent; giving; emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free;earning; financial; get involvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent;giving; spiritual; get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually________ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; whenbeing askedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; withoutwaiting to be askedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese fr iends give eachother emotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinesefriend is more likely to be ________ to give _______ advice to afriend, while an American friend will be ________ to give________ advice, instead she may raise questions to en courageher friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does onething instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship b etween parents and marriedsons, in China, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel betweenhis wife and his mother, a man should ____________. At most hemight hope to __________, and this was regarded as ________.In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______than that with his wife. He would be expected to______________. He might even be counseled to_______________ the vicinity of his parents’home to ease theconflict. DA. more important; side with his mother; side with his father;honorable; more important; side with no one; move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; lessimportant; side with his father; get away fromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable;more important; side with his wife; move intoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral;dishonorable; less important; side with his wife; move awayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is ahierarchy society. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance issmall, while in America, the power distance is large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of “face”,and “face” has the same social significance for these countries inthat one’s face is also the face of one’s group.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts” as opposed to“opinions”. ( T )5. A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is tolook upward, for the Hindu is to look inward, for the Confuciansis to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware ofthem, and we make judgments according to them. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than one of onlytwo possible choices. People everywhere possess the samevalues to different degrees, and the importance of that commonvalue, how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree. ( T)9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10.I n both China and Western countries, it is very common andusual for adults to fondle other people’s babies and very smallchildren to show their affection and friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into one harmonious identity.天人合一2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds responsein Nature. 天人感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in thecompany of “redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in closecontact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行7) A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch.轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信用trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety8)Ⅴ. Tell the meaning of the following gestures in differentcountries:Gesture 1 Gesture 2 Gesture 31.In the US, England, Sweden it is used together with the verbal message“Let’s keep our fingers crossed”to mean that _ the person is hoping forgood luck______________. In Greece and Turkey it means the breaking ofa friendship ________________. In parts of Italy it means _ OK _____.2.In the US it means Great, perfect, acceptable, OK_______________. InBelgium and France, it means _ zero_____. In Brazil, Turkey, Greece andMalta it has _ an obscene _____ meaning. In Japan it means ___ money_______. In Tunisia, it is used ___ as threat _______.3.It means ____ Slow down”, “relax” or “wait a second ________________.Test Paper 2下列各题请参阅了所指定的课本内容后，用中文回答，可翻译课本的内容作为答案。

跨文化交际考试题目

跨文化考试大纲范围：Unit 1-4题型：1. T or F 10*2’=20’(Unit 1-4 Post-class Activities 2. )2. 填空10*2’=20’(Unit 1-4 Post-class Activities 1. )3. 选择题5*2’=10’4. 阅读理解5*2篇*3’=30’5. 案例分析2*10’=20’T or FUnit 11.T Culture can be seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order actappropriately in a given culture.2.F Culture is a static entity while communication is a dynamic process.3.TCulture mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistake. The linguistic mistake means thatsomeone is not fully expressing his or her idea while culture mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding.4.F All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.5.T Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may notbe the same.6.F One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.7.T Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.8.F In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from culturalgeneralization.Unit 21.F Norms involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just orunjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or in appropriate, and kind or cruel.2.T Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typicallyfollow. There are two types, one is formal, the other is informal.3.F In low-context cultures, the verbal message contains most of the information and very littleis embedded in the context or the participants. Chinese culture is the typical example.4.T Individual cultures such as the United States believe that people are only supported to takecare of themselves, and perhaps their immediate families.5.F Cultures with short-term orientation, such as the United States, Great Britain, Canada, andJapan, often do not place a high priority on status, are concerned with short-term results. 6.T In industrialized societies like the United States, the mastery-over-nature view tends topredominate.7.F Both Americans and British show respect for tradition.8.T In being-in-becoming orientation, people spend a portion of their lives in mediation andcontemplation in an attempt to purify and full advance themselves.Unit 31.F Verbalcommunication is more important than nonverbal communication.2.F“Dragon” means the same to the Westerner as “龙” to the Chinese.3.F The Chinese phrase “知识分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”.4.T A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language.5.F There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chineseproverbs.6.T Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo.7.T Patterns of thought vary with culture.8.T Both English and Chinese have resources to the deductive and the inductive.Unit 41.T Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.2.F Some researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 65% of information iscommunicated through speaking, and over 35% is sent by nonverbal means.3.F Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures.4.T Arabs belong to touch cultures.5.T In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience.6.T he appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures.7.T Paralanguage may imply the connotation of the actual words.8.F Silence cues can be interpreted as evidence of agreement all over the world.填空Unit 11.Intercultural communication occurs when a member of one culture produces a message forconsumption by a member of another culture.2.Co-culture refers to groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics,perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices.3.Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and socialpractices.munication is the process through which individuals respond to and create messages toadapt to the environment and one another.nonverbal language movement multiply revealing tonelimit distinction further remark contact gestureHow do we communicate? The first answer that is likely to come to most people’s minds is through language: we speak, we listen, we read, we write. When we think further, we become increasingly aware that we also communicate in nonverbal ways, through gestures and body movements. The signals given by our “body language” are often more revealing than the words we use . Most of us will have had the experience of someone saying something to us—making a flattering remark, for instance—that we felt we increase. Why did we feel that? Maybe it was the tone in which it was said, or something in the person’s movement or eye contact with us.When we turn to communication processes across cultures, the complexities and complications multiply. Language is again the obvious example. If you speak only English and the person you try to talk to speaks only Japanese, communication will be limited—though you will, if you both really try, be able to understand each other to some extent by means of gestures. Even with speakers of the same language, problems may be the result of intercultural difference, distinctions that is subgroups with a culture.Unit 2uncertainty avoidance, collective, feminine, power distance1.Individuals from high power distance cultures teach their members that people are not equalin this world and that everybody has a rightful place.2.High uncertainty avoidance cultures try to avoid ambiguity by providing stability for theirmembers, establishing more formal rules, not tolerating deviant ideas and behaviors.3.In collective cultures such as those in Indonesia, Pakistan, China and West Africa, people areborn into extended families that support and protect theme in exchange for their loyalty. 4.Feminine cultures promote sexual equality and hold that people and the environment areimportant.Unit 3Denotative meaning, Connotative meaning, Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning1.Denotative meaning tend to be described as the definitional, “literal”, “obvious”or“commonsense” meaning of a word.2.Connotative meaning is used to refer to the socio-cultural and“personal”associations(ideological, emotional, etc.) of the word.3.In case of Inductive reasoning, one stores a number of specific instances and induces ageneral law or rule or conclusion that governs or subsumes the specific instances.4.Deductive reasoning is a movement from a generalization to specific instances: specificsubsumed facts are inferred or deduced from a general principle.Unit 4Chronemics, Kinesics, Proxemics, Nonverbal communication1.Nonverbal communication refers to the message sent without using words.2.Proxemics is the way we use fixed space and personal space.3.Kinesics includes gestures, body movement, facial expressions, and eye contact.4.Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.案例分析The Chinese woman has taken the American tourist’s given name for the surname, since the order of the surnames of Chinese and English names are just the opposite. As in both cultures a title is usually used with the surname, they feel unnatural when their given names are used with the titles. According to British custom, it’s quite normal for persons who first meet to address each other by their full names and never by their given names alone. The correct form should be Miss. Lucy Webster.On the other hand, the British tourist thinks that Li Hong’s surname is her husband’s surname, since she is unaware of the fact that in China women still use their own surname after marriage. The correct form should be Ms. Li Hong.Unit 11.Cultural Puzzles(1) a. No. Ignoring others’suggestion is impolite and offensive.b. Yes. When you try something new, it may be difficult at first. After a while, you will getaccustomed to it.c. Yes. You could learn about other’s customs by asking for cultural explanations. You couldask, for example, a teacher: "Would you mind if I use your lastname? In my country, it is polite for students to use their teacher’s last name.(2) A.a. No. Even if this was true, she wouldn't expect a wife to say this about her own husband.To her, the Japanese woman insulted her own husband.b. No. Even if this was true, she wouldn't expect the Japanese woman to compare theirhusbands' appearance.c. Yes. A statement like this about one's spouse in the U.S. would be considered very disrespectful.If an American woman said this about her husband, people might think that they didn't havea good relationship.B. a. No. This would not be a Japanese way for a wife to say that she didn't like her husband.b. Yes. In Japan, a person would be considered boastful and not modest enough if he or shecomplimented his or her family members in front of others. Instead, some Japanese (particularly those who are more traditional) might say something slightly negative just to show that they are being modest and not overly proud.c. No. See b.Unit 2阅读理解Read the following passage, then choose the best answer.(1) B (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) D阅读理解Read the following passage, and then answer the questions briefly.(1) Context refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event.(2) No.(3) They emphasize interpersonal relationships, nonverbal expression, physical setting, and socialsetting.(4) Low-context communicators tend to use linear logic. High-context communicators, however,may use spiral logic.(5) Because it fosters competition and confrontation instead of consensus.Cultural Puzzlea.No. This is a rude answer and would discourage the other speaker from continuing talking.It’s possible that the person asking the question does not think it is personal. There are other more polite ways to say that you don’t want to answer a question.b.Possibly, but the person might ask you the question again. For example, if someone asks you,“What do you think of the government in your country?” A general answer could be, “I think all governments have their problems. Each should deal with their own problems.”But a statement like this is just a response to the question, not a real answer. The person who had asked you the question might ask again.c.Yes. There are questions that are apparently personal in one culture, but not in another. Ifyou said, “It is hard for me to answer that question because people in my country usually don’t ask it,” people will not feel offended by your not answering the question, and might find it instructive.Unit 3阅读理解Read the following passage, and then do the exercises.(1) D(2) C(3) The pronunciation of the final syllable of ‘chairman’ is /m’n/ as in the pronunciation of ‘woman’.(4) The author argues that the male meaning of ‘man’ is no longer dominant.(5) The impact is more in formal and/or written language areas (e.g. the media). Ordinary peoplestill tend to use words ending in ‘man’. Therefore in informal language use there has been little or no impact.(6) Regardless of language structure in any society, non-sexist language use does not meanchange will occur i f people’s attitudes and behaviors do not change.阅读理解Read the passage and then decide whether the statements are True or False according to the information given in the passage.F T F T F5.a.No. Sometimes it is better not to correct the person right away, especially if he or she is verybusy. Also, if other people are present, the person may be embarrassed to find out he or she pronounced your name incorrectly. However, if the person pronounces your name incorrectly more than once, you should tell him or her.b.Yes. If you want to be polite and formal, it is best to apologize first, and then say your namecorrectly.c.Yes. If the situation is informal, you can just say your name correctly without apologizing.Unit 4阅读理解Read the following passage, and then fill in the blanks.(1)physical of psycho logical distance(2) individual, social(3) the objective need or condition(4) our personal space(5) a constant but absent-minded lookCultural Puzzlesa. No. There is no information showing that the Americans did something wrong.b. No. It’s told that the Japanese were enjoying themselves.c. Yes. The Japanese culture is very group-oriented. When one person left (and this wasprobably the leader), the rest felt that they had to leave, even if they did n’t want to.Americans don’t usually arrive or leave in groups, so this behavior seemed strange to them. The Japanese guests were trying to be polite by avoiding staying too long at the party. They didn’t realize that two hours was too short for the Americ ans and that the Americans might get hurt by the fact that their guests left early.。

《跨文化交际》考试试题(附答案)

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received thenews that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world asone in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Take the word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postman’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings havesurprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。

荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷考试课程：跨文化交际考试时间：120分钟专业：国际商务总分：100分---一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化的要素之一？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 肤色D. 性别2. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个层次的文化差异是最难以觉察和理解的？A. 表面文化B. 非语言文化C. 核心文化D. 价值观文化3. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种策略是针对文化差异进行适应的策略？A. 避免策略B. 否认策略C. 融合策略D. 转移策略4. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是有效沟通的重要因素？A. 语言水平B. 礼貌态度C. 文化敏感度D. 地位高低5. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个是文化差异的主要表现形式？A. 同化B. 异化C. 互动D. 观察6. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念不符合文化相对主义？A. 文化多样性B. 文化普遍性C. 文化变异性D. 文化相对性7. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种能力不是有效沟通的关键能力？A. 语言能力B. 礼貌表达能力C. 自我中心能力D. 文化敏感能力8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为不符合文化适应的原则？A. 尊重对方文化习惯B. 主动学习对方语言C. 保持自身文化不变D. 理解对方价值观9. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是非语言沟通的表现形式？A. 书面沟通B. 口头沟通C. 肢体语言D. 电话沟通10. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种心态有助于有效沟通？A. 自我中心B. 开放心态C. 歧视心态D. 偏见心态---二、判断题（每题2分，共20分）11. 文化是一种稳定不变的社会现象。

（）12. 表面文化是指文化的核心价值观和信仰。

（）13. 跨文化交际中，语言是文化传播的最重要工具之一。

（）14. 文化相对主义认为所有文化都是平等的。

（）15. 在跨文化交际中，适应性是唯一的有效策略。

（）16. 跨文化交际中，尊重对方文化是沟通的基本前提。

跨文化交流与管理考试试题及答案

跨文化交流与管理考试试题及答案一、选择题1. 以下哪个是跨文化交流的定义？A. 不同文化之间的信息传递B. 跨越语言和文化差异的沟通C. 不同国家之间的商务交流D. 各种文化间的身体接触答案：B2. 跨文化管理的目标是什么？A. 实现文化的融合B. 解决文化冲突C. 提高企业竞争力D. 促进国际合作答案：C3. 以下哪个是有效的跨文化交流技巧？A. 推销自己的文化观念B. 强制他人接受自己的价值观C. 尊重并尝试理解他人的文化D. 将自己的文化强加给他人答案：C二、简答题1. 请简述跨文化交流的重要性及对个人和企业的影响。

答案：跨文化交流的重要性在于促进不同文化之间的相互理解和合作。

对个人而言，跨文化交流可以开阔视野，增强自我意识和文化敏感度，提高交际能力和解决问题的能力。

对企业而言，跨文化交流有助于拓展市场，提高员工的跨文化管理能力，增强企业的国际竞争力。

2. 跨文化管理中的文化冲突如何解决？答案：解决跨文化管理中的文化冲突需要采取以下措施：- 尊重他人文化差异，避免将自己的文化价值观强加给他人；- 建立有效的沟通渠道，加强信息传递和理解；- 通过培训和教育提高员工的跨文化意识和文化敏感度；- 寻求第三方的帮助，例如跨文化咨询公司或专业中介机构。

三、论述题论述：跨文化交流对企业的国际化发展有何重要意义？在当今全球化的背景下，企业的国际化发展已成为趋势。

跨文化交流对于企业的国际化发展具有重要意义。

首先，跨文化交流有助于企业拓展国际市场。

不同国家和地区有不同的文化和消费习惯，只有通过有效的跨文化交流，企业才能更好地了解当地的市场需求和文化背景，从而制定适应当地市场的营销策略和产品定位。

其次，跨文化交流能够提高企业员工的跨文化管理能力。

在国际化发展过程中，企业往往需要派遣员工到不同的国家工作，员工需要具备良好的跨文化交流能力才能适应当地的工作环境和与当地员工进行有效的合作。

通过跨文化交流的培训和教育，企业能够提高员工的跨文化意识和文化敏感度，使其更好地适应跨国工作环境。

《跨文化交际》题集

《跨文化交际》题集一、选择题（每题10分，共100分）1.跨文化交际主要研究的是：A. 不同国家之间的政治关系B. 不同文化背景的人们之间的交流与互动C. 国际经济的合作与发展D. 全球气候变化的影响2.在跨文化交际中，哪种行为可能被视为不尊重他人？A. 直视对方的眼睛以示真诚B. 在交谈中频繁点头表示赞同C. 在未经允许的情况下触摸他人的头部D. 礼貌地询问对方的个人生活3.“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的区别在于：A. 沟通中直接信息的多少B. 人们使用语言的频率C. 社会习俗的复杂性D. 对时间的重视程度4.下列哪项不属于非言语交际的形式？A. 肢体语言B. 面部表情C. 语音语调D. 书面文字5.在一些文化中，沉默可能被视为：A. 同意的标志B. 思考的表示C. 不尊重的行为D. 沟通的一种方式6.“文化休克”通常发生在：A. 一个人长时间处于自己的文化中B. 一个人初次接触并适应新的文化环境时C. 一个人对某种文化有深入了解之后D. 一个人在不同文化之间频繁切换时7.下列哪项是跨文化交际中常见的挑战？A. 语言障碍B. 价值观差异C. 沟通风格的不同D. 以上都是8.在一些文化中，时间被视为一种：A. 可以随意支配的资源B. 必须严格遵守的规则C. 可以用来建立社会关系的工具D. 以上都有可能是，取决于具体的文化9.“面子”在跨文化交际中是一个重要的概念，它通常指的是：A. 一个人的社会地位B. 一个人的自尊心和荣誉感C. 一个人在外貌上的吸引力D. 一个人在经济上的实力10.下列哪项不是促进跨文化交际有效性的策略？A. 增强文化意识B. 发展跨文化沟通技巧C. 避免与不同文化背景的人交往D. 尊重并适应不同的文化习俗二、填空题（每题10分，共50分）1.在跨文化交际中，__________是指由于文化差异而导致的沟通障碍或误解。

2.__________文化强调直接、明确的沟通方式，而__________文化则更注重含蓄和间接的表达。

英语跨文化期末考试题

一、定义题：1Intercultural communication is a form of communication that aims to share information across different cultures and social groups. It is used to describe the wide range of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them.2Globalization : is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure基础设施, including the rise of the telegraph and its posterity 后世;子孙the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.3Culture shock: Culture shock is a common experience of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Culture shock also can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations.4High context implies that a lot of unspoken information is implicitly transferred during communication.Low context implies that a lot of information is exchanged explicitly through the message itself and rarely is anything implicit or hidden.In a higher-context culture, many things are left unsaid, letting the culture explain. Words and word choice become very important in higher-context communication, since a few words can communicate a complex message very effectively to an in-group (but less effectively outside that group), while in a low-context culture, the communicator needs to be much more explicit and the value of a single word is less important.5Definition of nonverbal communication:nonverbalsystem of symbols, signs and gestures developed and used by members of a culture to bring specific messages to expression.二、图表说明：1.需求曲线三角p412.海伦教授文化层次大纸三、翻译：红楼梦p144文化语言p121第4段管理者一词在世界范围内广泛运用，但是在不同的文化中它有着不同的重要程度和含义。

跨文化交际期末考问题及答案

Chinese： To show respect to the other or give
the face to the other
American：Illegal as the child abuse
Warm up
• 2. What is a good friend in Chinese and
mind, you can buy me a red rose to show your apology.” Then the man bought her a rose and they went to a hotel together to study more about the skirt.
What is intercultural communication? What have you learned from this class?
3. Intercultural Communication
• Samovar & Porter
Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities.
• Non verbal communication includes those important but unspoken signals that individuals exhibit, specifically: body language (encompassing carriage/posture, appearance, listening, eye contact), hand gestures, and facial expressions. Non-verbal communication makes up the majority of the communication that we engage is, although it isn't always conscious.A very good example is:

跨文化交际期末考试

跨文化交际期末考试名词解释Unit 1:Economic globalization: the integration of national economic into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.*Barter system: farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money.Global village: all the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the internet.Melting pot: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.Cultural diversity: the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.Communication: meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part to share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.Intercultural communication:communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol systems are distinct enough alter the communication eventComponents of Communication：①Source: The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.②Encoding: Encoding is the process of putting an idea intoa symbol.③Message: The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process ,the verb; the message is the resulting object.④Channel:The term channel is used technical to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.⑤Noise: T he term noise technically refers to anything that the message the source encodes.⑥Receiver: The receiver is the person who attends to the message.⑦Decoding:The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.⑧Receiver response: It refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.⑨Feedback:Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.10．Context: The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes places and which helps define the communication.Pragmatics: the study of effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior. Semantics: the study of the meaning of words.Denotation:the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.Connotation: the suggestive meaning of a word --- all thevalues, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word. the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.Taboo:some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.Euphemism: the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.Unit 5:Chronemics: the study of how people perceive and use time.Monochromic time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.Polychromic time: being involved with many things at once.Proxemics: the perception and use of space.Kinetics: the study of body language.Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.Unit 9:A planetary culture: a culture that integrates eastern mysticism with western science and rationalism.Intercultural person: represents someone whose cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his or her own culture.caseUnit11.What are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village?1）Convenient transportation systems 2）Innovation communication systems3）Economic globalization 4）Widespread migrations2.What are the three aspects where the cultural differences exist?The three aspects where the cultural differences exist are:1)the material and spiritual products people produce2)What they do3)What they think3.What are the three ingredients of culture?1. Artifacts (the material and spiritual products people produce)2. behavior (what they do)3. concepts (beliefs, values, world views…) (what they think)4.How to understand cultural iceberg?What we can see about culture is just the tip of the iceberg, which refers to something changing more rapidly such as clothing, language, gestures etc.The majority of the iceberg is intangible and beyond sight, which refers to something deeply rooted and hard to change such as belief, interpersonal relationship, values, etc.5.What are the characteristic of culture?Culture is shared, learned, dynamic and ethnocentric.Enculturation6.What are the characteristic of communication?Communication is dynamic, irreversible, symbolic, systematic, transactional and contextual.Unit 2-47.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?The Americans tend to address only with given names while the Chinese may use the full name. Even when the full names areused in some formal accessions by the Americans, the given names would be placed before the surname while the Chinese would do the opposite.Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage while the Americans seldom do so.The Chinese tend to address the people with titles but in English only a few occupation or titles could be used.8.How is the Chinese writing style different from the American style?The Chinese employ a circular approach in writing. In this kind indirect writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be ‘turning and turning in a widening gyre.’ The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly.In contrast, the Americans are direct and linear in writing with the factual-inductive pattern. An English expository paragraph usually begins with a topic statement supported by example and illustrations, proceeds, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to all other ideas in the whole essay.9.What are the social functions of compliments?Compliments have a series of social functions: creating or reinforcing solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism, starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment.Unit 510. What are the different features of M-time and P-time?M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation, punctuality and promptness. It features one event at a time and time is perceived as a linear structure. P-time is less rigid and clock-bound. It features several activities at the same time andtime is perceived as more flexible and more human-centered.Unit 611. How is gender different from sex?Sex: biological、permanent、with an individual property.Gender: socially-constructed、varied over time and across cultures、with a social and relational quality.12.What has influenced the gender socialization?According to researchers,there are two primary influences on gender socialization: family communication, particularly between mothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.13. What are the six principles for effective cross-gender communication?1) Suspend judgement; 2) Recognize the validity of different communication styles;3) Provide translation cues. 4) Seek translation cues.5) Enlarge your own communication style. 6) Suspend judgementUnit 914.What are the American/Chinese cultural values like in terms of Cultural Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck? （ppt中的补充内容）As far as the human nature is concerned, American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer nature. They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are future-oriented. They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the problem. They are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the benefits of the group.As far as the human nature is concerned, Chinese cultureholds that it is good but corruptible without proper education. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can live in harmony with nature. They also have a cyclical time concept and therefore they are past-oriented. They have a being-and-becoming attitude towards activity and think that man should keep an inner peace as nothing is eternal. They are quite collective and therefore they focus more on the benefits of the group.)。

跨文化交流考试题

Examination1.what is intercultural communication?what have you learned from this class?Intercultural communication is a form of communication that aims to share information across different cultures and social groups. It is used to describe the wide range of communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization or social context made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Intercultural communication is sometimes used synonymously with cross-cultural communication. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them. Many people in intercultural business communicationargue that culture determines how individuals encode messages, what medium they choose for transmitting them, and the way messages are interpreted.[1] The European researcher Daniele Trevisani pointed out the semantic distinction between Intercultural and Cross-Cultural Communication should be clearly specified: Intercultural Communication properly refers to the study of the "interaction" between people from different cultures, while Cross-Cultural Communication specifically refers to the comparisonof how people from different cultures communicate. In other words,Cross-Cultural Communication is a "static differential image" depicting differences in communication patterns across different cultures, while Intercultural Communication studies "dynamic interactional patterns", what happens when people from at least two different cultures meet and interact, and what "frames" are generated from this interaction, e.g. understanding vs. misunderstanding, agreement vs. disagreement, cultural adaptationvs. cultural isolation, emerging of "third cultures", conflict vs. cooperation, intercultural team cohesiveness vs. team misunderstandings, intercultural projects success vs. projects failure, emotional improvement vs. emotional deterioration, and any other relational outcome (Trevisani, 2005).[2] In a broader sense, Intercultural communication encompasses cross-cultural communication, international communication, development communication, and intercultural communication's narrower referent, intercultural communication proper.[3] With regard to intercultural communication proper, it studies situations where people from different cultural backgrounds interact. Aside from language, intercultural communication focuses on social attributes, thought patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. It also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. Intercultural communicationplays a role in social sciences such as anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics, psychology and communication studies. Intercultural communication is also referred to as the base for international businesses. There are several cross-cultural service providers around who can assist with the development of intercultural communication skills. Research is a major part of the development of intercultural communication skills.[4][5]2.Explain the difference between verbal communication and non-verbal communication in details.--Verbal communicationconsist of messages being sent and received continuously with the speaker and the listener, it is focused on the way messages are portrayed. Verbal communication is based on language and use of expression, the tone in which the sender of the message relays the communication can determine how the message is received and inwhat context.Factors that effect verbal communication:• Tone of voice• Use of descriptive words• Emphasis on certain phrases• Volume of voiceThe way a message is received is dependent on these factors as they give a greater interpretation for the receiver as to what is meant by the message is. By emphasizing a certain phrase with the tone of voice, this indicates that it is important and she be focused more on.Along with these attributes verbal communication is also accompanied with non-verbal cues. These cues make the message clearer and give the listener an indication of what way the information should be received.[23]Example of non-verbal cues• Facial expressions• Hand gestures• Use of objects• Body movementIn terms of intercultural communication there are language barriers which are effected by verbal forms of communication. In this instance there is opportunity for miscommunication between two or more parties.[24] Other barriers that contribute to miscommunication would be the type of words chosen in conversation. do to different cultures there are different meaning in vocabulary chosen, this allows for a message between the sender and receiver to be misconstrued.[25]6.Explain the pros and cons of nonverbal communication.Nonverbal Communication[edit]Nonverbal communication is behavior that communicateswithout words—though it often may accompanied by words.Nonverbal behavior can include things such as• facial expressions and gestures• clothing• movement• posture• eye contact.[26]When these actions are paired with verbal communication amessage is created and sent out. A form of nonverbal communicationis kinesic behaviour. Kinesic behaviour is communication through body movement—e.g., posture, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. The meaning of such behaviour varies across countries and affects intercultural communication. A form of kinesic nonverbalcommunication is eye contact and the use of the eyes to convey messages. Overall, nonverbal communication gives clues to what isbeing said verbally by physical portrayals.Nonverbal communication techniques used around the worldand in multiple cultures.Nonverbal communication and kinesic is not the only way to communicate without words. Proxemics, a form of nonverbal communication, deals with the influence of proximity and space on communication. Another form of nonverbal behaviour andcommunication dealing with intercultural communication is paralanguage. Paralanguage refers to how something is said, rather than the content of what is said—e.g., rate of speech, tone and inflection of voice, other noises, laughing, yawning, and silence. Paralanguage will be later touched on in the verbal section of intercultural communication.Nonverbal communication has been shown to account for between 65% and 93% of interpreted communication.[27] Minor variations in body language, speech rhythms, and punctuality often cause mistrust and misperception of the situation among cross-cultural parties. This is where nonverbal communication can cause problems withintercultural communication. Misunderstandings with nonverbal communication can lead to miscommunication and insults withcultural differences. For example, a handshake in one culture may be recognized as appropriate, whereas another culture may recognize itas rude or inappropriate.[27]Nonverbal communication can be used without the use of verbal communication. This can be used as a coding system for people who donot use verbal behaviour to communicate in different cultures, where speaking is not allowed.[28] An facial expression can give cues to another person and send a message, without using verbal communication.Something that usually goes unnoticed in cultures and communication is that clothing and the way people dress is used as aform of nonverbal communication. What a person wears can tell a lotabout them. For example, whether someone is poor or rich, young orold or if they have specific cultures and beliefs can all be said through clothing and style. This is a form of nonverbal communication.Overall, nonverbal communication is a very important concept in intercultural communication.3.Based on the Kluekhohn’s model ,explain American CultureValue in detail.1) = Human nature orientation 人性取向Westerners believe that human nature is basically evil due to their original sin.However, the evil nature can be saved through salvation,if one believes in Jesus and continues doing good things.2) = Man-nature orientation 人天取向Americans have historically believed that nature was somethingthat could and had to be mastered.Early West European immigrantsto North America encountered a vast, unforgiving wilderness that they set about to “tame”,and modern astronaut are working to “conquer” the space.时间取向3) = Time orientationFuture-orientated cultures emphasize what is to come and expectthe future to be grander and nicer than the present . The word “old”is associated with “falling behind” and “uselessness”, while the word “new” is related to progress,change and challenge.future orientation prevails in the western culture. Western people tend to believe that future should be grander and nicer than the present.In the future-oriented cultural context, it is easy for new products or new services to trigger consumers desire to buy. That iswhy the English advertisements tend to stress repeatedly that the advertised products are new。

跨文化沟通期末考试题及答案

跨文化沟通期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是文化差异的表现？A. 语言差异B. 饮食习惯C. 宗教信仰D. 个人兴趣答案：D2. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个行为可能被视为不礼貌？A. 握手B. 鞠躬C. 直视对方D. 赠送礼物答案：C3. 跨文化沟通中，以下哪个概念强调了文化对个体行为的影响？A. 个人主义B. 集体主义C. 权力距离D. 所有以上选项答案：D4. 根据霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论，以下哪个维度不是其分类之一？A. 个人主义与集体主义B. 男性化与女性化C. 长幼有序D. 权力距离答案：C5. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个策略不是有效的沟通策略？A. 保持开放心态B. 避免使用肢体语言C. 尊重文化差异D. 积极倾听答案：B二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 在跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于同一事件或行为的不同理解和解释。

答案：文化相对主义7. 跨文化沟通的障碍之一是_________，即对其他文化持有偏见或刻板印象。

答案：文化偏见8. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化间进行有效交流的能力。

答案：跨文化能力9. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于时间的理解和使用方式。

答案：时间观念10. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于空间的理解和使用方式。

答案：空间观念三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述跨文化沟通中的语言障碍及其克服方法。

答案：语言障碍包括语言差异、非言语沟通差异等。

克服方法包括学习对方的语言、使用简单明了的表达、利用肢体语言辅助沟通、寻求翻译帮助等。

12. 描述跨文化沟通中的文化适应过程。

答案：文化适应过程通常包括四个阶段：蜜月期、文化休克期、调整期和融入期。

在蜜月期，人们对于新文化充满好奇和兴奋；文化休克期则可能感到困惑和挫败；调整期是逐渐适应新文化的过程；最后，在融入期，人们能够自如地在新文化中生活和工作。

《跨文化交际》期末复习题

《跨文化交际》复习题一、判断题1.思维方式是指人们的思维习惯或思维程序。

（）2.文化是人们先天就有的。

（）3.中国人思考问题的程序是从小到大，美国人思考问题的程序则是从大到小。

（）4.由于汉字象形的特点，这是造成中国人偏好形象思维的主要原因之一。

（）5.京剧讲究唱、念、作、打，这是中国人擅长分析思维的一个表现。

（）6.中国人偏好分析思维，英美人偏好综合思维。

（）7.中国人强调人与人的和谐、人与自然的和谐，而西方人则认为人与自然是对立的。

（）8.中国人习惯于形象思维，因此在文章中，特别喜欢用形象的词汇。

（）9.思维能力没有民族性，但思维方式有民族性。

（）10.价值观是跨文化交际的核心。

（）11.不同民族的价值观是有所不同的。

（）12.价值观很容易发生变化。

（）13.消极的价值观指的是一个人或一个文化群体必须坚持的价值观。

（）14.中国文化认为天人合一，西方认为认为天人相分。

（）15.在英语中，以self为前缀的单词有100多个，这说明英国人比较提倡个人主义。

（）16.在中国社会，异性之间的接触被认为是天经地义的。

（）17.中国人提倡个人利益服从群体利益，必要时可以牺牲个人利益。

（）18.中国人认为越是稳定，越是统一，越是进步，这说明中国文化求稳。

（）19.中国的主流文化主张性恶论。

（）20.西方文化认为一切行为必须在法律法规的范围内进行，否则就会被绳之以法。

这说明西方文化是性善论。

（）21.邻里、老乡属于业缘关系。

（）22.同事、同学、战友属于情缘关系。

（）23.朋友、恋人之间的关系属于血缘关系。

（）24.中国所处的自然地理位置决定了中国的农业文化特征，而西方的海洋环境决定了西方文化的商业性质。

（）25.西方崇尚民主政治，具有平等意识。

（）26.中国社会的人际关系以工具型为主要取向。

（）27.规则和规范是一回事。

（）28.在中国，给新婚夫妇送礼品忌讳送钟，因为送“钟”就是“送终”。

（）29.在日本，人们比较忌讳数字“13”。

跨文化交际测试题

跨文化交际测试题本文是关于跨文化交际测试题的介绍和讨论，将通过一系列问题和情境来测试读者在跨文化交际方面的知识和技能。

请按照以下的格式回答问题，并在每个问题后面写出你的答案。

1. 请列举三个你所知道的跨文化交际的挑战，并简要解释它们。

答案：a) 语言差异：不同的文化有不同的语言和口音，这可能导致沟通障碍和误解。

b) 礼仪差异：礼仪在不同的文化中各不相同，例如在某些文化中，身体接触被视为亲密和友好，而在其他文化中则被视为侵犯个人空间。

c) 价值观差异：不同的文化有不同的价值观和信仰系统，其中一些可能与其他文化相冲突，导致误解和冲突。

2. 在一个跨文化沟通中，你认为最重要的是什么？请提供理由。

答案：在我看来，最重要的是拥有开放的心态和尊重他人文化的意愿。

这是因为只有当我们愿意接受并尊重不同的文化，才能真正打开跨文化交际的大门，并建立起互相的理解和合作。

3. 请列举三个你认为可以帮助你更好理解他人文化的方法。

答案：a) 学习他们的语言：学习他人的语言可以帮助我们更深入地了解他们的文化和思维方式。

b) 研究他们的历史和传统：了解他人的历史和传统可以帮助我们更好地理解他们的价值观和行为准则。

c) 与他们直接交流：与他人直接交流可以让我们更深入地了解他们的观点和经验，同时也增进我们之间的相互理解和尊重。

4. 描述一个你曾经经历过的跨文化交际挑战，并分享你是如何应对的。

答案：在我去某个东南亚国家旅行时，我遇到了一个跨文化交际挑战。

当地人使用的一种手势在我的文化中被视为侮辱和不礼貌，而我并不知道这一点。

当我首次使用这个手势时，对方的表情立刻变得十分生气。

面对这个挑战，我决定立即向对方道歉，并解释我之前并不知道这个手势的含义。

我还询问了当地人应该使用什么手势来表示友好和尊重。

通过诚实地道歉和努力去理解对方文化的做法，我最终解决了这个尴尬的局面，并与当地人建立起了良好的关系。

5. 提供一些建议，帮助我们更好地应对跨文化沟通中的困难和误解。

跨文化交际期末考试题及答案

跨文化交际期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是有效的沟通技巧？A. 保持开放态度B. 避免使用肢体语言C. 尊重文化差异D. 积极倾听答案：B2. 在不同文化背景下，以下哪种行为可能被误解？A. 直视对方眼睛B. 点头表示同意C. 用食指指人D. 握手答案：C3. 在跨文化交流中，以下哪种方式可以增进相互理解？A. 坚持自己的文化观点B. 避免讨论敏感话题C. 主动分享自己的文化背景D. 只关注自己的文化答案：C4. 以下哪个概念与跨文化交际密切相关？A. 文化适应B. 个人主义C. 集体主义D. 所有选项答案：D5. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个因素可能导致误解？A. 语言障碍B. 非语言信号C. 文化价值观差异D. 所有选项答案：D...二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述跨文化交际中“文化休克”的现象及其应对策略。

答案：文化休克是指个体在进入一个与自己文化背景不同的新环境时，由于文化差异而产生的困惑、焦虑和不适应感。

应对策略包括：提前了解目标文化，保持开放和灵活的心态，寻找支持系统，以及采取积极的适应措施。

2. 描述跨文化交际中的“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的特点。

答案：高语境文化（High-context culture）指的是在交流中，信息的传递依赖于非语言因素，如肢体语言、面部表情和情境背景。

低语境文化（Low-context culture）则强调语言的直接性和明确性，信息主要通过语言来传递。

三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一名国际商务谈判代表，你被派往一个与你文化背景截然不同的国家进行商务谈判。

请描述你将如何准备这次谈判，并在谈判中如何运用跨文化交际技巧。

答案：在准备谈判时，我会首先研究目标国家的文化、商业习惯和谈判风格。

我会学习基本的语言词汇，了解当地的礼仪和非语言交流习惯。

在谈判中，我会保持尊重和耐心，避免使用可能引起误解的肢体语言，积极倾听对方的观点，并在适当的时候表达自己的立场。

《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical pianoconcert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Takethe word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postma n’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。

跨文化交流与外语学习考核试卷

高中地理教材编写特点及应用浅析高中地理教材编写的特点是相对于初中地理教材更加深入和专业化。

高中生已经具备较为全面的大地理视野和基础知识，需要更高层次、更丰富、更系统化的知识。

因此，高中地理教材编写特别注重以下几个方面的应用。

一、注重框架梳理与重点突出高中地理教材要对地理学科基本理论给予透彻、深入的探究，注重地理概念的梳理与精炼，重点突出各个地理领域的前沿和热点问题的探究。

依照国家课程标准的要求，将地理知识框架进行科学、系统的建构和重建，体现主题和重心。

在教材编写过程中，要特别关注学生的实际需求和未来志向，使之符合信息时代的发展和用人需求。

二、加强实践运用与实证研究高中地理教材编写应该充分考虑学生的应用能力，使之学会在实践中认识和理解地理，融入实证研究的精神和方法，提高学生的创新思维和实践能力。

在注重学生基础知识和思维能力的同时，应该注重将理论知识与实际应用相结合，引导学生走进实验室和野外，亲身感受地理科学与技术在社会发展中的实际互动作用，并积极促进学生对地理问题的创新思考和研究。

三、注重跨学科融合现代地理学已逐步从独立的自然科学向普适的综合性学科转变，需要加强与其他学科的交叉与整合。

因此，高中地理教材编写要注重跨学科的融合，使之与社会科学、自然科学、工程技术学、地球科学等其他学科相关联，实现横向扩展和纵向深入。

四、加强案例教学与实际应用高中地理教材编写应该充分发挥案例教学的作用，重点突出国内外的案例，积极引导学生研究各地的地理数据与实际情况，并根据案例进行实际应用和解决问题，注重考查和评估学生的综合能力和实践操作能力。

五、人本关怀理念在高中地理教材编写中，应该贯彻人本关怀理念，从学生的兴趣、需求、优势、特长等方面入手，以学生为中心，注重培养学生学习主体能力和实践运用能力。

并且，要将地理知识的实用性与人文关怀做平衡，注重地理知识的人文内涵和价值观念的培养，丰富学生的思想和情感。

综上所述，高中地理教材编写应该发挥地理学科的学术优势和应用实践特点，尊重学生的发展规律和需求，使之符合现代科技和信息时代的发展要求，为培养具有国际竞争力和社会责任感的高素质人才提供坚实的理论和实践基础。