英国文化学习资料
英国文化习俗超全介绍)
英国常识
• 国歌：《上帝保佑女王》 • 首都：伦敦，英国第一
大城市及第一大港，欧 洲最大的都会区之一兼 世界三大金融中心之一。 人口751.24万，面积 1577.3平方公里。 • 语言：官方语言为英语, 此外还有威尔士语、爱 尔兰语等。
英国常识
• 面积：24.36万平方 公里，其中水域面 积占1.34%。
面积百分比%
人口百分比%
英格兰是英国面积最大、人口最多的地区，
是全国政治、经济的中心。
英国常识
• 国花：玫瑰 • 国鸟：红胸鸽 • 国石：钻石 • 国球：板球
『 靠
• • • • •
北 北 外 海 殖海
海 渔
海 油
贸 发
运 发
民 帝
吃
场 田 达 达 国海 』
殖民帝国
在历史上英国是世界上最大的殖民帝国，在其殖民统 治鼎盛时期，其殖民地面积比本土面积大150倍，占有地球 面积和人口的1/4，号称“日不落帝国”。目前英国的海外 殖民地尚存13处，其数量仍占殖民国家首位。
合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
简称：联合王国(United Kingdom)
2、英国常识
• 国旗：“米”字旗 • 由深蓝底色和红、白
色“米”字组成。 • 旗中带白边的红色正
“十”字代表英格兰 守护神圣乔治，白色 交叉“十”字代表苏 格兰守护神圣安德鲁， 红色交叉十字代表爱 尔兰守护神圣帕特里 克。
位女王之一。 • 加冕时间：1952年2月6日 • 头衔全称：托上帝洪福，大不列颠及北爱
尔兰联合王国与其属土及领地之女皇伊莉 莎白二世，英联邦元首，（基督教）信仰 的保护者，伊丽莎白二世。
英国文化入门1
Achilles' heel: --a single, fatal weak point --a Penelope’ Penelope’s web: --the task that can never be finished --the a Pandora‘s box： Pandora‘ box： --a process that, if started, will cause --a many problems that cannot be solved
His name wscaped me for the moment. 我一时记不起他的名字了。 A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 她独处时感到一种特殊的安宁。 An idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到了一个主意。
英语国家文化入门
第一讲 英语国家概况
一 概述
首先，可以避免在交流中出现误解和冲突。 The girl is as beautiful as a butterfly. butterfly. 汉语文化：庄周梦蝶、梁祝…… 汉语文化：庄周梦蝶、梁祝…… 英语文化：“轻浮” 英语文化：“轻浮”……
其次，了解英语学习的背景知识。 语言是有背景的，语言不能离开文化而存 在。 ——美国语言学家萨丕尔（Sapir， ——美国语言学家萨丕尔（Sapir， Edward） Edward）
姓名 中：族姓+（辈分）+ 中：族姓+（辈分）+己名 西：己名+（父名）+ 西：己名+（父名）+族姓 地址 西：个人门牌号— 西：个人门牌号—街—区—市—省—国 记时 西：秒，分，时，日，月，年
英国文化与习俗课件
英国教育体系强调教育的公平性和普及性，努力缩小社会经济差距，确保每个孩子 都有接受良好教育的机会。
英国高等教育
英国高等教育以其世界一流的 大学而闻名，如牛津大学、剑 桥大学等。
英国高等教育注重培养学生的 研究能力和创新精神，提供多 种课程和研究方向供学生选择 。
现代主义建筑
20世纪初，英国出现了许多现代主义建筑，其简洁的线条、功能主义和材料创 新的特点在许多公共建筑和住宅中得以体现，如伦敦的巴比肯中心。
高科技建筑
近年来，英国的高科技建筑也备受瞩目，如伦敦的“小黄瓜”大楼和曼彻斯特 的“北方天使”雕塑，这些建筑运用了先进的结构技术和材料。
英国的自然风光与名胜古迹
圣诞节
皇家卫兵换岗仪式
英国最重要的节日之一，家人团聚、 互赠礼物、享用圣诞大餐。
在伦敦等地，可以观赏到皇家卫兵换 岗仪式，这是英国的传统仪式之一。
情人节
在情人节，人们会互赠卡片、鲜花或 巧克力，表达爱意。
CHAPTER 03
英国教育体系
英国教育体系概述
英国教育体系主要由国家资助，实行免费义务教育，涵盖了从小学到大学的各个阶 段。
公元449年至公元1066年，日 耳曼部落入侵不列颠，与当地 凯尔特人融合，形成了英格兰 民族。
诺曼征服
1066年，法国诺曼底公爵威廉 征服英格兰，带来了欧洲大陆 的文化和制度。
工业革命
18世纪末至19世纪初，英国率 先进行工业革命，成为全球工
业中心。
英国文化特点
01
02
03
绅士风度
英国人注重礼貌和绅士风 度，强调个人修养和社会 责任感。
英国文化学习知识背景简介
英国文化学习知识背景简介（一）第一节英国的地理一、概况英国是大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛东北部及附近许多岛屿组成的岛国。
东濒北海，面对比利时、荷兰、德国、丹麦和挪威等国；西邻爱尔兰，横隔大西洋与美国、加拿大遥遥相对；北过大西洋可达冰岛；南穿英吉利海峡行33公里就到法国。
英格兰全境面积为13万平方公里，占大不列颠岛的大部分。
这一地区自西向东分为4部分：以塞文河流域为中心的米德兰平原；海拔200米左右的高地；伦敦盆地；威尔德丘陵。
威尔士面积有2万余平方公里，境内多山、地势崎岖。
威尔士境内有1/4的土地被列为国家公园及天然保护区。
苏格兰和其周围的许多小岛，面积共为7.8万平方公里。
全境均属山岳地带只有中部较为低平。
北爱尔兰面积1.4万平方公里，隔爱尔兰海与大不列颠岛遥遥相望。
北爱尔兰气候属海洋性温带阔叶林气候。
最热天(7月)平均气温为13～17℃，最冷天(1 月)平均气温为4～7℃。
英格兰地势较低，年平均降水量830毫米，西部、北部山区雨量较大，最高可达4000毫米。
英国主要的矿产资料有煤、铁、石油和天然气。
硬煤总储量1700亿吨。
铁的蕴藏量约为38亿吨。
西南部康沃尔半岛有锡矿。
在柴郡和达腊姆蕴藏着大量石盐。
斯塔福德郡有优质粘土。
康沃尔半岛出产白粘土。
奔宁山脉东坡可开采白云石。
兰开夏西南部施尔德利丘陵附近蕴藏着石英矿。
在英国北海大陆架石油蕴藏量约在10～40亿吨之间。
天然气蕴藏量约在8600～25850亿立方米左右。
二、面积和行政区域英国是一个海岛国家，组成其国土的主要岛屿是大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛北部及一些小岛。
英国的水域有将近25万平方公里，陆地面积则有超过24万平方公里，分别为英格兰地区为13万平方公里，苏格兰地区为7.88万平方公里，威尔士2万平方公里，北爱尔兰1.36万平方公里。
首先分的话，英国分为4个地区国家，其都会是：英格兰England－伦敦London 、苏格兰Scotland－爱丁堡Edinburgh 、威尔士Wales－卡迪夫Cardiff 、北爱尔兰Northern Ireland－贝尔达斯特Belfast三、英国人口语言民族宗教据英国国家统计局的初步数据，受东欧移民潮的影响，英国人口为6021万，官方估计数字首次超过6000万，英国人口增长速度已升至20世纪60年代以来的最高水平。
英国文化(最新最全)
格林威治
格林威治位于伦敦东南的泰晤士河畔，这 里有昔日的皇家天文台、国家航海博物馆、 皇家海军学院以及风景秀丽的公园。格林威 治久负盛名，近100年来，各国出版的地图 都以经过伦敦格林威治的经线为本初子午线， 作为计算地理经度的起点，也是“世界时区” 的起点，并用它的计时仪器来校准本国时间。 站在格林威治瞭望台上眺望，泰晤士河岸的 绚丽风光一目了然，伦敦的景致也一览无余。
三位女王之一。 • 加冕时间：1952年2月6日 • 头衔全称：托上帝洪福，大不列颠及北爱
尔兰联合王国与其属土及领地之女皇伊莉 莎白二世，英联邦元首，（基督教）信仰 的保护者，伊丽莎白二世。
三大女王
英国女王伊丽莎白二世
荷兰的贝亚特里克丝女王
丹麦女王玛格丽特二世
女王家谱
• 曾曾祖母：维多利亚女王 • 曾祖母：亚历山德拉王后 • 祖父：乔治五世国王；祖母：玛丽王后 • 伯父：爱德华八世（温莎公爵）；伯母：辛普森夫人 • 父亲：乔治六世（约克公爵） • 丈夫：爱丁堡公爵、菲利普亲王 • 儿子代表：查尔斯王子；前媳妇：黛安娜王妃；现媳
妇：卡米拉 • 孙子代表：威廉王子，哈利王子
/v_show/id_XMTI4NjU1ODIw.html
女王年谱
• 1936年，爱德华八世退位，乔治六世继位，其被立为 王储。
• 1947年11月20日，与其远房表兄希腊和丹麦王子菲利 普·冯·石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因-宗德堡-格吕克斯堡结 婚。
（3）诗人隅(Poet‘s Corner)：拥有乔叟(Geoffery Chaucer)、济慈(John Keats)、弥尔顿(John Milton)、以 及莎士比亚等诗人的纪念碑。
伦敦大本钟
泰晤士河畔议会大厦的北面，耸立着高 高的钟楼，镶有大钟，名为“大本”。每 隔一小时，大钟根据格林威治时间发出沉 重而铿锵的响声，在数英里之外也能听到 钟声的回荡。
英国礼仪文化讲义(PPT28张)
在英国参加正式的宴会时要注意这样四个要求:
1、忌打带条纹式的领带； 2、忌不系长衬衫袖口的口子；
3、忌正式场合穿凉鞋；
4、忌浅色皮鞋配深色西服。
X X
X X
宴请礼仪
适宜的时间：
● ●
英国从事商务活动要避开7、8月
1、最孤独的时光，会塑造最坚强的自己。 2、把脸一直向着阳光，这样就不会见到阴影。 3、永远不要埋怨你已经发生的事情，要么就改变它，要么就安静的接受它。 4、不论你在什么时候开始，重要的是开始之后就不要停止。 5、通往光明的道路是平坦的，为了成功，为了奋斗的渴望，我们不得不努力。 6、付出了不一定有回报，但不付出永远没有回报。 7、成功就是你被击落到失望的深渊之后反弹得有多高。 8、为了照亮夜空，星星才站在天空的高处。 9、我们的人生必须励志，不励志就仿佛没有灵魂。 10、拼尽全力，逼自己优秀一把，青春已所剩不多。 11、一个人如果不能从内心去原谅别人，那他就永远不会心安理得。 12、每个人心里都有一段伤痕，时间才是最好的疗剂。 13、如果我不坚强，那就等着别人来嘲笑。 14、早晨给自己一个微笑，种下一天旳阳光。 15、没有爱不会死，不过有了爱会活过来。 16、失败的定义：什么都要做，什么都在做，却从未做完过，也未做好过。 17、当我微笑着说我很好的时候，你应该对我说，安好就好。 18、人不仅要做好事，更要以准确的方式做好事。 19、我们并不需要用太华丽的语言来包裹自己，因为我们要做最真实的自己。 20、一个人除非自己有信心，否则无法带给别人信心。 21、为别人鼓掌的人也是在给自己的生命加油。 22、失去金钱的人损失甚少，失去健康的人损失极多，失去勇气的人损失一切。 23、相信就是强大，怀疑只会抑制能力，而信仰就是力量。 24、那些尝试去做某事却失败的人，比那些什么也不尝试做却成功的人不知要好上多少。 25、自己打败自己是最可悲的失败，自己战胜自己是最可贵的胜利。 26、没有热忱，世间便无进步。 27、失败并不意味你浪费了时间和生命，失败表明你有理由重新开始。 28、青春如此华美，却在烟火在散场。 29、生命的道路上永远没有捷径可言，只有脚踏实地走下去。 30、只要还有明天，今天就永远是起跑线。 31、认真可以把事情做对，而用心却可以做到完美。 32、如果上帝没有帮助你那他一定相信你可以。 33、只要有信心，人永远不会挫败。 34、珍惜今天的美好就是为了让明天的回忆更美好。 35、只要你在路上，就不要放弃前进的勇气，走走停停的生活会一直继续。 36、大起大落谁都有拍拍灰尘继续走。 37、孤独并不可怕，每个人都是孤独的，可怕的是害怕孤独。 38、宁可失败在你喜欢的事情上，也不要成功在你所憎恶的事情上。 39、我很平凡，但骨子里的我却很勇敢。 40、眼中闪烁的泪光，也将化作永不妥协的坚强。 41、我不去想是否能够成功，既然选了远方，便只顾风雨兼程。 42、宁可自己去原谅别人，莫等别人来原谅自己。 43、踩着垃圾到达的高度和踩着金子到达的高度是一样的。 44、每天告诉自己一次：我真的很不错。 45、人生最大的挑战没过于战胜自己！ 46、愚痴的人，一直想要别人了解他。有智慧的人，却努力的了解自己。 47、现实的压力压的我们喘不过气也压的我们走向成功。 48、心若有阳光，你便会看见这个世界有那么多美好值得期待和向往。 49、相信自己，你能作茧自缚，就能破茧成蝶。 50、不能强迫别人来爱自己，只能努力让自己成为值得爱的人。 51、不要拿过去的记忆，来折磨现在的自己。 52、汗水是成功的润滑剂。 53、人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。 54、成功的秘密在于始终如一地忠于目标。 55、只有一条路不能选择――那就是放弃。 56、最后的措手不及是因为当初游刃有余的自己 57、现实很近又很冷，梦想很远却很温暖。 58、没有人能替你承受痛苦，也没有人能抢走你的坚强。 59、不要拿我跟任何人比，我不是谁的影子，更不是谁的替代品，我不知道年少轻狂，我只懂得胜者为。 60、如果你看到面前的阴影，别怕，那是因为你的背后有阳光。 61、宁可笑着流泪，绝不哭着后悔。 62、觉得自己做得到和做不到，只在一念之间。 63、跌倒，撞墙，一败涂地，都不用害怕，年轻叫你勇敢。 64、做最好的今天，回顾最好的昨天，迎接最美好的明天。 65、每件事情都必须有一个期限，否则，大多数人都会有多少时间就花掉多少时间。 66、当你被压力压得透不过气来的时候，记住，碳正是因为压力而变成闪耀的钻石。 67、现实会告诉你，不努力就会被生活给踩死。无需找什么借口，一无所有，就是拼的理由。 68、人生道路，绝大多数人，绝大多数时候，人都只能靠自己。 69、不是某人使你烦恼，而是你拿某人的言行来烦恼自己。 70、当一个人真正觉悟的一刻，他放弃追寻外在世界的财富，而开始追寻他內心世界的真正财富。 71、失败并不意味你浪费�
英国文化学习资料1
Chapter One English HistioryI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following.1. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at .A. the Battle of Crecy C. the Battle of HastingsB. the Battle of Agincourt D. the Battle of Waterloo2. One of the following did not take place during the Middle Ages. It was .A. the Norman Conquest C. the Hundred Years WarB. the Crusades D. the “Gunpowder Plot”3. The most famous of the English Crusaders was the Norman king, .A. Richard Lion-Heart C. King ArthurB. King John D. Alfred the Great4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a (n) aristocracy.A. English-speaking C. German-speakingB. French-speaking D. Gaelic-speaking5. In England, the Protestant Reformation began with .A. King John C. Queen ElizabethB. Henry VIII D. Bloody Mary6. Shakespeare lived in the period of .A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan ageB. the Victorian age D. the Industrial Revolution7. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during .A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan ageB. the “grab for Africa” D. the Victorian age8. The “Gunpowder Plot” took place in the reign of.A. James I C. Henry VIIIB. Elizabeth I D. Charles I9. The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was .A. Henry VIII C. Charles IB. James I D. James II10. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was .A. Spain C. AmericaB. France D. Germany11. One of the following did not take place during the eighteenth century in British history. Itwas .A. great victories over France C. the loss of her American coloniesB. the Industrial Revolution D. the founding of the modern police force12. The Reform Bill in the eighteenth century in British history was made to .A. extend the franchise C. encourage inventionsB. develop trade unions D. improve social services13. One of the following was not a characteristic of the Victorian age.A. It was an age of national development and national optimism.B. It was an age of stability in family life.C. It was an age of imperialism.D. It was an age of lack of belief in religion.14. One of the following did not take place between the two world wars in British history. Itwas .A. the “suffragette” movementB. the independence of the southern part of IrelandC. the great “slump”D. the General Strike15. Which of the following did not take place after the Second World War in British history?A. The independence of the colonies of the old British empireB. The availability of TV sets and cars to almost every homeC. The “suffragette” movementD. The founding of the “Welfare State”II. Fill in the Blanks1. The Crusades were a series of wars in which armies from all over Europe tried to snatch the “” (i. e. Palestine, where Jesus Christ once lived) from the .2. In British history, the great rivals of the king’s authority during the Middle Ages wereand the local chiefs, called .3. All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke as their mother tongue, and after the Hundred Years’ War, the language took its place.4. During the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, English bowmen defeated the heavily armed French knights in the famous Battles of and , and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands.5. The sixteenth century was the age of great voyages of discovery. and were the two great sailors who started the age of discovery.7. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in Britain in the reign of .8. Most people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is .Theother is .9. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armadawas .10. The English Civil War resulted in the temporary overthrow of the , and thecountry became for more than ten years a sort of republic founded by .11. In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported while the “Cavalier”supported .14. The longest reign in British history was the monarch of the great Queen Victoria, whichlasted from the year to .15. The Origin of Species was written by .17. After World War II, the first two colonies of the old British Empire that became free were___ and .III. Explanation1. the Hundred Years’ War(1) A war between England and France which lasted, on and off, for a hundred years from1337 to 1453. (2) It was fought entirely in France, and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands in the famous battles of Crecy and Agincourt. (3) Eventually, partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, the French drove the English from their land for good.2. the Catholic Church(1) It refers to the Christian church headed by the Pope. (2) All members of the church acceptthe gospel of Christ and the teachings of the Bible. Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy.” (3) In the Middle Ages, the Pope was extremely powerful. (4) In the sixteenth century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by Catholics. 3. the Elizabethan age(1) It refers to the period during the reign of Elizabeth I in British history. (2) It was an ageof real literary achievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and (3) it was an age of adventure on the sea.AnswersI . Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. C;2. D;3. A;4. B;5. B;6. C;7. C;8.A;9. C; 10. B; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. A; 15. CII. Fill in the Blanks1. Holy Land; the Muslims2. the Church; barons3. French; English4. Crecy; Agincourt5. Columbus; Vasco da Gama7. Elizabeth I8. literature; adventure on the sea9. Sir Francis Drake10. monarchy; Oliver Cromwell 11. the Parliament; the King (or King CharlesI)14. 1837; 190115. Charles Darwin17. India; PakistanChapter Two British Government SystemI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Queen Elizabeth n is “Defender of the Faith”, because ______.A. she is the spiritual leader of the Church of EnglandB. she is the head of the Church of EnglandC. she is the personification of the state.D. she is the symbol of the English values.2. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.B. The Queen receives reports of cabinet meetings in her weekly sessions with the PrimeMinister.C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the Cabinet.D. The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life.3. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen is a symbol of the parliamentary democracy.B. She is a symbol of British culture.C. She is a symbol of English tradition.D. She is a symbol of English way of life.4. Which of the following is not a part of the Conventions of the constitution?A. The powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers.B. The Queen must act on the advice of Ministers.C. MPs enjoy freedom of speech in debate.D. Ministers are responsible to Parliament for their actions.5. How often does the General Election take place?A. At least every three years. C. At least every five years.B. At least every four years. D. At least every six years.6. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.C. Because party members have the backing of nationwide organizations.D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.7. The executive power is in the hands of _____.A. Parliament C. the Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterB. the House of Commons D. the Queen8. The real centre of power in Parliament is _____.A. the Queen C. the House of LordsB. the House of Commons D. the Cabinet9. Which of the following is not one of the functions that Parliament plays?A. To serve as the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases.B. To make laws.C. To control and criticize the executive government.D. To control the raising and the spending of money.10. The real power of the British government lies in _____.A. the House of Commons C. the Prime MinisterB. the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister D. the Queen12. The real power of the House of Lords lies in ____.A. helping to pass money bills C. discussing billsB. delaying bills D. being Supreme Court13. Which of the following is not correct?A. The Speaker presides over the meetings in the House of Commons and sees that procedureis followed.B. The Speaker has the highest power in the House of Commons, he usually takes sides andjoins the debates.C. The Speaker controls the debates, seeing that Members do not stray too far from the subjectof debate.D. The Speaker interprets the rule of procedure and settles any disputes as to whether thingsare being properly done.14. According to the text, which of the following is the most important privilege enjoyed byMPs?A. Freedom of speech in Parliament. C. High living standards.B. High social status. D. Involvement in law-making.15. Which of the following sentences in true?A. The two big parties have been successful in expanding their powers over recent years.B. The strength of the big parties remains unchanged.C. Members of the two big parties no longer dominate Parliament.D. The two big parties have declined over recent years.II. Fill in the Blanks1. __________ is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom.2. A1l English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for _________.5. A General Election takes place at least every __________ years. In each General Election, ________ are elected members of Parliament.6. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements 1)______; (2)________;(3)________.7. The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _________.12. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ___________.13. The executive power of the government is vested mainly in the __________.14. The real centre of power in Parliament is ______; the excusive government is responsible to______.15. The House of Lords has no Power where ______ Bills are concerned. All other Bills theLords can only hold up for ________.17. Parliament has three main functions: (1)___________; (2)___________ and (3)_________.18. The present monarch of Britain is _________, her role mainly ___________.III. Explain Each of the Following in English1. British Parliament(1) It includes three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. (2) It is the supreme law-making authority in Britain. (3) The real centre of parliamentary power is in the House of Commons. (4) Other functions include: to control and criticize the executive government; to control the raising and the spending of money.2. the British Constitution(l) It is unwritten. (2) Its components include Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege. (3) It is more flexible than the written ones in other countries.3. General Election(1) General Election is held at least every five years. (2) The country is divided int0 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament. (3) The one who has the most votes in a constituency becomes a Member of Parliament. (4) The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1) B; 2) C; 3) A; 4)C; 5)C; 6)C; 7)C; 8)B; 9)A; 10)A; 11)B; 12)D; 13)B; 14)A; 15)DII. Fill in the Blanks1. The monarchy2. On Her Majesty’s Service3. the Most Noble Order of the Garter4. Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law, Parliamentary Privilege.5. five; 635.6. the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons.7. Parliament11. The Lord Chancellor12. her ministers 13. Cabinet14. the House of Commons, Parliament15. Money, a year .17. to make laws, to control and criticize theexecutive government, to control the raising and the spending of money.18. Queen Elizabeth II; symbolic.Chapter 3 English LiteratureI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Among the following four great English poets, who does not belong to the trio of English poetry giants?A. Chaucer. C. Milton.B. Shakespeare. D. Shelley.3. The King James Bible __________.A. was written by King James IB. Was translated by King James IC. was translated under the order of King James ID. was directed by King James I4. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?A. Drama. C. Poetry.B. Novel. D. Essay.5. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Twelfth Night. C. The Tempest.B. Othello. D. Richard II.6. Which of the following is generally considered as one of the masterpieces by Milton?A. Samson Agonistes C. Canterbury Tales.B. King Lear. D. Don Juan.7. Which of the following was the bitterest satirist?A. Walter Scott. C. Jonathan Swift.B. Daniel Defoe. D. Jane Austen.8. Which of the following was Scottish in origin, and wrote in Scottish dialect?A. Robert Burns. C. William M. Thackeray.B. Edmund Burke. D. George Bernard Shaw.9. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels _____.A. was a novel of hard thrusting satire against the weakness of human beingsB. was a book of the author’s experiences of travels.C. was a children’s book with no political significanceD. was a book about the author’s religious life10. Which of the following was not written by Jane Austen?A. Wuthering Heights. C. Pride and Prejudice.B. Sense and Sensibility. D. Emma.12. When did English literature begin?A. Around 700B.C. C. Around the 8th century.B. After the Norman Conquest. D. Around the 6th century.14. The writer of The Mill on the Floss was_____.A. Robert Louis Stevenson C. William GoldingB. George Eliot D. W. Somerset Maugham15. Several gifted women have played a part in 20th-century fiction. Which of the following is an exception?A. George Eliot. C. Katherine MansfieldB. Virginia Woolf. D. Elizabeth Bowen.II. Fill in the Blanks1. The study of English literature usually begins with_____.2. The roots of English literature lie deep in the tales of_____ and other Scandinavian countries.3. In the sixteenth century, the most famous writer was_____ who wrote a book called_____ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.4. The most famous work by John Bunyan was called_____.5. Three poets who brought the romantic movement to its height were_____, _____, and_____.6. _____ is regarded as the most important playwright after Shakespeare.7. The use of stream of consciousness was first started by_____, whose masterpiece was_____.8. Name two of the plays written by George Bernard Shaw:_____, _____.9. The author of V anity Fair was_____; Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was done by_____; Charles Dickens wrote_____ and _____ among many other works; The Importance of Being Earnest was written by_____. The representative work of E. M. Forster was_____.10. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories. They are____, _____, and_____. Name oneplay out of each category: _____, _____, _____.11. _____ is generally regar ded as Chaucer’s masterpiece.12. Daniel Defoe was most famous for _____.13. Emily and Charlotte are noted for their novels _____ and _____ which are largely the lovestories of a woman for man.14. D. H. Lawrence was one of the most controversial writers of the early 20th century, _____,one of his finest novels, was based partly on his own life.Tragedy: Hamlet, King Lear, OthelloComedy: A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs You Like ItTwelfth NightChronicle: Richard IIIPlays: Henry VJulius CaesarIII. Explanations1. The Canterbury Tales(1) It is the masterwork of the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. (2) It is the most importantwork in Middle English Literature. (3) It is a collection of stories told with superb poetic craft.(4) It gives a cross-section of medieval life.2. William Shakespeare(1) He was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. (2) He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. (3) His plays fall into three categories: tragedy, such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello; comedy, such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream,As You Like It ,Twelfth Night; and chronicle plays, such as Henry V, Julius Caesar.3. Romantic Literature of the 19th century(1) It refers to a movement in literature during the first third of the 19th century. (2) The central figures of this movement are Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats and Shelley.(3)Their writings are characterized by rich imagination and strong feeling.4. Victorian literature(1) It refers roughly to the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria. (2) The romantic spirit ceased to be a leading influence. (3) Historical and philosophical writing continued to flourish along with poetry and fiction. (4) Satire and protest against evils in society became strong elements. (5) The later years of the period saw modern kinds of realistic writing and some authors who showed a new, deeper understanding of character.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. D;2. D;3. C;4. A;5. B;6. A;7. C;8. A;9. A; 10. A; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D;14. B; 15. AII. Fill in the Blanks1. Beowulf2. Denmark3. Thomas More; Utopia4. Pilgrim’s Progress5. Lord Byron, John Keats; Percy Shelley6. George Bernard Shaw7. James Joyce, Ulysses8. Major Babara, Man and Superman9. William M. Thackeray; Lewis Carroll; David Copperfield, Oliver Twist;Oscar Wilde; A passage to India10. comedies; tragedies; historical plays;Twelfth Night, King Lear, Julius Caesar11. The Canterbury Tales12. Robinson Crusoe 13. Wuthering Heights; Jane Eyre14. Sons and LoversChapter 4 Character and MannersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is .A. reserve C. sense of humorB. modesty D. sportsmanship2. If you meet a stranger from Britain, which of the following questions can you ask him?A. How old are you? C. How often do you travel abroad?B. When did you buy your watch? D. What’s your salary?3. In Britain, the following conducts are considered ill-bred except .A. loud speechB. self-praiseC. exchanging handshakes on a first introductionD. laughing at a cripple4. In Britain, if a person is very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply.A. I’m not bad. C. I think I’m quite good.B. Yes. D. Well, I’m very keen on tennis.5. English sense of humour is characterized by .A. self-praise C. self-deprecationB. self-confidence D. self-exaggeration6. Humor is highly prized in England, however, the English do not laugh at .A. one’s own faults C. one’s own failuresB. one’s own ideals D. a tragedy7. Which of the following is not true about the typical Englishman?A. He likes to think of himself as more reliable.B. He distrusts exaggerated promises.C. He is distrustful of any kind of self-praise.D. He doesn't expect reserve in others.8. The terms such as “never hit a man when he’s down” and “playing fair” reflect a sense of .A. humor C. sportsmanshipB. modesty D. responsibility9. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.D. The class system still exists below the surface.10. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in England istheir .A. dress C. workB. accent D. meal11. British habits of politeness are on the whole very .A. informal C. formalB. complicated D. odd12. If you are invited to an evening meal in a British home, which of the following is considered impolite?A. To arrive early.B. To arrive ten minutes late.C. To pay attention to table manners.D. To take your leave between ten and eleven o' clock.13. In Britain, you can usually offer money to .A. a driver who gives you a liftB. someone who stops to help you to mend a punctureC. someone who gives you first aidD. railway porters who carry your baggage14. If old people are respected in Britain, it is because .A. old age and seniority command authority among the BritishB. modern development needs the experience of old peopleC. old people are felt to be in need of protection and supportD. they always keep pace with the times15. Which of the following is not true about politeness in Britain?A. British greetings are complicated.B. British people do not readily ask each other to do anything which would involve realinconvenience.C. The British are rather particular about table manners.D. Politeness towards women is less observed today than it used to he.II. Fill in the Blanks1. Geographically speaking, the people of the and , especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the and in Britain.2. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relation with others they value at least a show of .3. Prince Philip once said that is “God’s greatest gift to mankind.”4. Boxing, rugby, association football, hockey, tennis and cricket were all first organized and given rules in the country .5. The middle class in Britain consists chiefly of _ _ and of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of and workers.6. In England, middle-class people using slightly varying kinds of which is the kind of English spoken by ____ announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class speak in many different __ accents, which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated.7. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the education system. To have been to a “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the class.III. Explanations1. English sportsmanship(1) Sportsmanship is an English ideal that is highly valued in Britain. (2) Sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosit y to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. (3) Sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech.2. English class system(1) As a social convention, the English class system is much less rigid than it was, but it still exists below the surface. (2) Br oadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class”and the “working class”. The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do business men and professional people of all kinds; the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. (3) The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. The middle classes also tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. A;2. C;3. C;4. B;5. C;6. D;7. D;8. C;9. B; 10. B;11. A; 12. A; 13. D; 14. C; 15. AⅡ. Fill in the Blanks1. North; West; South; East2. modesty3. a sense of humor4. Britain5. well-to-do business men; professionalpeople; manual; unskilled6. received pronunciation; BBC; local7. two-class; middleChapter 5 EducationⅠ. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to .A. public schools C. State schoolsB. private schools D. voluntary schools2. In British education, boys and girls are usually separated in .A. inf ants’ schools C. universitiesB. junior schools D. university colleges3. The “eleven plus” is the examination taken by children in their last year at .A. nursery school C. prep schoolB. primary school D. secondary school4. In the examination called th e “eleven plus”, studen ts with the highest marks go to .A. grammar schools C. secondary modern schoolsB. technical schools D. public schools5. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called .A. the Certificate of Secondary EducationB. the Ordinary level of the General Certificate of EducationC. the Advanced level of the General Certificate M EducationD. the common entrance examination6. Public schools in England are usually attended by those whose parents are .A. rich C. both rich and politically conservativeB. politically conservative D. liberal7. About of income of British universities is provided by the State.A. one-quarter C. three-quartersB. half D. one-third8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Open University?A. It is open to everybody.B. It is non-residential.C. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio.D. No university degree is awarded.9. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?A. Education is chaotic.B. Education is very expensive.C. Education is highly centralized.D. Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.10. Which of the following does not reflect the characteristic of freedom in British education?A. No centralized control from the central government.B. The different types of schools.C. The diverse system of university degrees.D. The completely free education at universities.Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks1. Every child in Britain must by law receive full-time education from the age ofto .4. In Britain, there are at this time two systems for secondary schooling, and .6. In Britain, some public schools, like , and , are famous all over the world.9. The two oldest universities in Britain are and .11. In Britain, the university with far more students than any other British university is .13. Two features of Oxford and Cambridge are widely admired and are being gradually extendedto other universities. One is ; the other is .Ⅲ. Explanations1. the selective system(1) A system for secondary schooling in Britain. Under this system, children take an examination, the “eleven plus”, in their last year at primary school. (2) The results of this examination determine the kind of secondary schooling each child will receive. (3) These with the highest marks go to grammar schools; others may go to technical schools and the rest-- by far majority--go to secondary modern schools. (4) This division is now under attack on both educational and social grounds.2. the comprehensive system(1) A system for secondary schooling in Britain. Under this system, all children, regardless of ability, can mix together. (2) In comprehensive schools, students study a wide variety of subjects at first. After two or three years they may study only those they like best. (3) Many new ideas in education are being tried out at present, and comprehensive schools vary widely throughout Britain.AnswersⅠ. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. C;2. B;3. B;4. A;5. C;6.C;7.C;8. D;9. D; 10. DⅡ. Fill in the Blanks1. five; fifteen2. five; nursery; five; infants’September4. the selective; the comprehensive5. county schools6. Eton; Harrow; Rugby7. common entrance; public9. Oxford; Cambridge11. London University13. the college system, the tutorial system。
英国文化
白金汉宫的外部
白金汉宫的内部
塔桥
伦敦塔桥(英文名:Tower Bridge)，伦敦塔桥是从英国伦敦泰晤士河口算起的 第一座桥(泰晤士河上共建桥15座)，也是伦敦的象征，有"伦敦正门"之称。该桥 始建于1886年，1894年6月30日对公众开放，将伦敦南北区连接成整体。
泰晤士河
泰晤士河(River Thames)是英国著名的"母亲"河。发源于英格兰西南部的科茨 沃尔德希尔斯，全长346公里，横贯英国首都伦敦与沿河的10多座城市，流域面积 13000平方公里，在伦敦下游河面变宽，形成一个宽度为29公里的河口，注入北 海。在伦敦上游，泰晤士河沿岸有许多名胜之地，诸如伊顿、牛津、亨利和温莎 等。泰晤士河的入海口充满了英国的繁忙商船，然而其上游的河道则以其静态之 美而著称于世。在英国历史上泰晤士河流域占有举足轻重的地位。
二、英国人的文化：在绅士与不羁之间
英国人喜欢与人保持比较远的距离，不谈论自己的私生活，只聊不疼不痒与己 无关的破天气（因为几乎每天下雨），他们的眼睛自动地不与别人的眼睛接触，但 有时不小心与陌生人四目相视也会从嘴角挤出一丝微笑，尴尬的微笑发生在伦敦人 的脸上自然而亲切。在伦敦街上，还依然能看到英国传统绅士的影子，他们中有的 虽然看得出已经年近一大把，举手投足流露出成熟英伦绅士的姿态，衣着品味一丝 不苟， 那些踩着高跟鞋的女人们奔走起来毫不示弱于男人们。
英国人的礼节
见面：英国人彼此第一次相识时，一般都要握手。除了热恋中的男女，步行时一般人 都不手拉手。英国人不喜欢别人干扰他们的个人生活。 访问：当你去访问一个英国人时，得先在门口敲门，一直等到他说“请进”，才能进 去。先生们进屋脱帽，而女士们则不必在室内脱帽。 交谈：英国人在日常生活中经常谈论的话题是天气，往往也是第一个话题。 女士优先与绅士风度：在英国，尊重妇女是体现绅士风度的一个重要方面。女士优先 是一个人人皆知的行为准则，不论做什么，男士一定会很绅士的照顾和优先女士。我 想这也是我们每每提到绅士都会想到英国的原因吧。
英国文化复习资料解析
2014.3.18 填空1. The full name of United Kingdom is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland.2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England Scotland and Wales3. The United Kingdom has been a member of European Union since 19734. Britain is now a Multiracial society which produces a population of which in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.5. London plays a significant role in Britain ‘s economic and cultural life. It’s only the financial centre of the nation , but also one of the three major international financial centres in the world .6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis7.Thames river flows through central London and it is a very important river8. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.9. Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (GeorgeⅢ) current Union Flag adopted on Jan. 1st 180110.National Day of UK is officially celebrated in Britain on the 2nd Saturday ofJune each year since February 1925.11.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland which covers an area of 396 km212. The London Eye is the largest Ferris wheel (摩天轮) in Europe.2014.3.21 选择/问答1.The location of UK is in the Europe.A. EasternB. WesternC. SouthernD. Northern2.All the following cities are major deep-water ports of UK.ExceptA. LondonB. LiverpoolC. BelfastD. Edinburgh3. The national flower of UK isA roseB thistleC daffodilD shamrock4. All of the following , except for ,were tribes from the north who moved into England in the 400s ADA. Angles B Saxons C Jutes D Celts5 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is aA. poem about a hero named Beowulf B newspaperC historical recordD novel6 Beowulf （贝奥武夫,北欧神话史诗）isA a long novelB a long poem written by Geoffrey ChaucerC a long poem by unknown storytellerD a long novel written by W. William Shakespeare7The Canterbury Tales was written byA Geoffrey ChaucerB Thomas BecketC PalamonD Griselda8 The frame of The Canterbury Tales isA the pilgrims telling stories on their tripB the conflict between the friar and the summonerC King Arthur’s courtD the differences between the knight and the squire9 The Canterbury Tales is an unusual piece of literature from the MiddleAges becauseA it describes the characters’ personalitiesB it includes middle class charactersC both A and BD neither A nor B10 There are stories in The Canterbury TalesA5 B 26 C 15 D.6ⅢQuestions1. What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England ,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth ?The commonwealth : A free and loose association of independent countriesthat were once colonies of Britain.Founded in 1931/ To encourage trade and friendly relations among its members /About 50 member countries / The British Queen: the head of the Commonwealth /Meeting yearly2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?An island country surrounded by four seasTo the south by the English Channel which separates it from continental Europe/ To the east by the north sea /to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic OceanLocated off the northwest coast of Europe, looking west to America.3. Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?Yes , it’s mild.A steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole yearThe temperature varies within a small range4 What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer.The south west winds below over the country all the year round. Bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperature moderate.The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warm them. 还有！3.28ⅠFilling the blank1. The UK still keeps an old fashioned government established on the basis of constitutional monarchy.2. Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or queen3. Queen ElizabethⅡhas crowned since 1952.4. ElizabethⅡis the current monarch 元首of UK.5. UK has a democratic government with elected representatives in itsParliament6. King John of England agreed to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, to thedemands of his barons.7. The members of House of Lords consist of the Lords SpiritualAnd the Lords Temporal8. Windsor Castle, 32 kilometers (20 miles) west of London on the Thames,has been the residence of England’s royal family for 900 years.9.The House of Commons下议院is a democratically 民主的electedchamber with election held at least every five years10 Buckingham Palace in Westminster is the official London residence of theBritish sovereign.11. The Cabinet meets regularly, usually once a week, in one of the rooms inthe Prime Minster’s official residence No.10 Downing Street.12. The House of Commons consist of 651 members elected from thecountry’s 651 constituencies with Mr. Speaker As he chairman in debates.ⅡMultiple choice1.In the Untied Kingdom ,ministers are appointed by the Queen on therecommendation ofA the Lord ChancellorB the MonarchC the Prime MinisterD the King2. During the World WarⅡ ,as a war leader , received massivepopular support and led the country to final victory in 1945.A. Harold Wilson B Margaret ThatcherC Franklin RooseveltD Winston Churchill3. On accepting , the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchywith powers limited by Parliament beganA. Constitutional Law B The Declaration of IndependenceC Civil LawD Bill of Rights4. In Britain, a is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires orresignsA civic市民的electionB by – electionC popular electionD general election5 All of the following, except for were the most important provisions of the GreatCharterA No tax should be made without the approval of the council议会B No free man should be arrested or imprisoned unless convicted by a jury of his fellow citizens.C Merchants should be permitted to move about freelyD The king renounced his crown6. Females were allowed to vote in national elections untilA1918 B1916 C1920 D18967 The parliament was a word for a talking –place.A LatinB FrenchC RomanD Greek8 John of Are lived during the century.A 14thB 15thC 16thD 17th9. John Lived and fought inA GreeceB FranceC RomeD England10. As long as William had been crowned, he began to organize the government of England on the system that had been so successful in Normandy . This is called system, and it was based on the ownership of landA the constitutional of landB capitalistC feudalD royalⅢQuestion1Compare the government system of UK with that of USA2. Describe the power of queen.3. What are the functions of parliament?4. Elaborate the composition of the parliament of the UK2014.4.8ⅰFill in the blank1. In Britain the citizens aged 18 or over have the right to vote.2 In Britain a candidate must be at least 21 or over with the deposit of￡ 5003 The Liberal Democrats is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and The Liberal Party4. Currently the three domination political parties in UK are the Conservative party , the labor party ,the Liberal Party .5The party which holds a majority of the seats is parliament forms a government , with their party leader as Prime Minister.6 Churchill is the member of Conservative party .7The current leader of liberal democratic party is Nick Clegg , who is the deputy PM.8 A Hung parliament refers to the condition where no party was able to command a majority in the House of Commons.9 The class system does exist in British society, which includes Working –class , Middle-class ,hereditary aristocracy10 The majority of recent immigrants are from South Asia ---India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and Caribbean countries--- Jamaica and Trinidad.ⅡMultiple choices1 who has the right to vote for the Members of Parliament forming the House of Commons of the parliament of UK?A lordsB criminalsC the legally insaneD citizens over 182 On Tuesday 11 May, Gordon Brown announced his resignation as Prime Minister, marking the end of 13 years of governmentA LaborB the Conservative partyC the Liberal DemocratD the Liberal Party3.In 2010 ,Queen ElizabethⅡ ,who then invited to form a government and become Prime Minister .A Gordon BrownB David CameronC Nike CleggD Tony Blair4 Coalition talks began immediately between the Conservatives and and lasted for five days.A the Liberal PartyB Labor PartyC the Liberal DemocratsD The Tory5 refers to where no party was able to command a majority in the House of CommonsA hung parliamentB shadow parliamentC parliamentD cabinet6 The Conservative party was founded in 1834 out of the old , which itself had been founded in 1678.A Labour PartyB the Liberal PartyC WhigsD Tory Party7 She advocated the idea of small government and free –market economics . During her term as the Prime Minister, she carried out politics to and to cut tax rates .A nationalize the private industryB privatize the nationalized industryC establish the private industryD invest the private industry8 In 1948, The Labour government set up the National Health Service to provide high quality for free.A health careB educationC transportD industry9 If the government loses a in the House of Commons , that is , if a majority of MPs agree , then it has effectively lost its ability to govern and is forced to resign and call a general electionA First Past the PostB “vote for no confidence”C winner –takes –allD solve the unemployment10 The ideal of the Liberal Democrats is toA provide free welfaresB cut the taxesC giving “power to the people “D solve the unemploymentⅢQuestion1 What are the effects of Immigrants?Positive:Increase the variety and interest within English cultureA varied cuisine; new forms of popular music; different religious beliefs/ contributions to society/ Relatively tolerant countryNegative:Inequality and discrimination do existDepends on the attitude of some of their white neighborView the newcomers as a threat to their way of living /trouble in the process of assimilating the immigrants 还有！2 What is the meaning of First –Past-the –Post in British Election?3. What are the main policies of the Conservative Party?4What are the main policies of the Labor Party?2014.4.181 The UK experienced the Economic recession in the 70s of 20 century.2 By 1990, the economy of UK is overtaken by US and Germany.3 In 2012, UK takes the world’s sixth largest economy.4The Current UK Economy includes Primary Industries , Secondary Industries and Tertiary Industries. (第三重要产业)5 The UK energy production stands for 5% of national wealth.6 North Sea oil production has been declining since 1999 .7 The aerospace of UK is 3rd largest in the world .8 The electronics industry of the UK is 4th largest in the world.ⅡMultiple choice1 Economic recovery of UK is inA the 70sB the 80sC the 90sD the 60s2 By the 1880s ,dominant in the world, of the world’s manufactured goods.A one thirdB halfC one forthD two thirds3 “In politics if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman“ said byA Queen ElizabethⅡB Winston ChurchillC Margaret ThatcherD Harriet Harman4 The following brands are made by UK, exceptA ShellB GlaxoSmithKlineC Wolf son MicroelectronicsD PorscheⅢTrue or false ( Please choose T or F to the following questions)( T ) 1. The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreaves.( F ) 2 The Industrial Revolution in the Britain first began in the clothing industry.( F ) 3 During the industrial Revolution, the free competition and free trade were unacceptable to the middle class.( T ) 4 The importation of goods from British colonies and the exportation of these goods all over the world became the key to British prosperity. 财富ⅣQuestions1 What is “British Disease”A mocking term(1) a term used to characterize Britain’s economic decline after wars.(2) Britain’s slow growth of productivity, soaring inflation, and large unemployment.2 What causes the relative decline of UK Economy?Heavily into debt in order to finance the war (selling many accumulated overseasassets, borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada)The era of the British Empire was over---decolonization 殖民地独立（losses of raw material＆market）Military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)Unit5Filling the blanks1.Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English poetry.2.Beowulf is a 3182-line alliterative verse, considered the monumental work in English poetry of the Anglo-Saxon period, or the national epic of the English people.3. Robin Hood is the archetypal English folk hero, a courteous, pious and swashbuckling outlaw of the medieval era who, in modern versions of the legend, is famous for robbing the rich to feed the poor and fighting against injustice and tyranny.4. In the Elizabeth Period, Francis Bacon wrote many excellent essays, such as “Of Studies”5. The collection of poetry, Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of the Romantic period.6 Don Juan is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducerof women.7. Daniel Defoe was famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe which first established his reputation.8 “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is a quote from the poem Ode To the West Wind .9. Tess the D’Urbervilles is the masterpiece of Thomas Hardy .10. A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem with a single theme, usually written in iambic pentameter.ⅡMultiple choice1 The following poets are regarded as “The Lake Poets”, expectA William WordsworthB Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC Robert SoutheyD John Milton2 known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to have been buried in Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.A John BunyanB Geoffrey ChaucerC William WordsworthD Samuel Taylor Coleridge3. , written by Geoffrey Chaucer, are considered a literary classic and one of the finest works written in Middle English.A The Canterbury TalesB BeowulfC Paradise LostD King Lear4.The following plays are great tragedies written by William Shakespeare, expectA. HamletB. OthelloC. The Merchant of VeniceD. King Lear5 Jane Austin presents the quiet, day-to-day country life of the English of the eighteenth century.A lower-middle-classB working classC upper classD upper-middle-class6.The English Renaissance period was an age ofA poetry and dramaB drama and novelC novel and poetryD romance and poetry7. A perso n’s daily routine depended mainly on what he or she belong to.A dynasty 朝代B neighborhoodC guildD class8 The daily routine of the included the most free time.A lady of the houseB scullery maidC children’s nurseD housekeeper9.When someone abdicates the throne, they .A treat the crown disrespectfullyB treat the crown respectfullyC coldly claim their right to itD give up being king or queens10 On her 21st birthday, Princess Elizabeth .A gave a speech vowing to serve her peopleB went out to a bar since she could legally drink alcoholC gave a partyD became queenⅢQuestion1 What does “Byronic Hero” mean ?The “Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figures of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would shoulder the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would fight alone against any type of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflicts is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social system and conventions.2. Comment on HamletHamlet is neither a frail and weak-minded youth nor a thought sick dreamer.As “the glass of fashion, and the mould of form” . He is fearless in action like a soldier.He bravely walks after the ghost, kills Polonius, deals with Claudiu s’s agents on the ship to England, leaps into the grave and executes his revenge. A mere scholar can never do any of these things.Hamlet is a humanist, who is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather than for heaven. Like other humanists, he shows a profound respect for man, and a firm belief in man’s power over destiny. ”What a piece of work is a man ! how noble in reason !”Such delight in nature and man is characteristic of the humanists of Renaissance.His intellectual genius is outstanding. His quick perception drives him to penetrate below the surface of things and question what others take for granted.Hamlet is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated, a man of profound insight and sparking wit.He is a scholar, a soldier and statesman all combined.In a word, Hamlet is the hero of Renaissance.Unit 6 EducationⅠFilling the blanks1 State Schools are totally funded by the government and are free to all British children.2. Schooling is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years total of 11 years in UK.3 Co-educated School admit both boys and girls4 All British schools – State＆Independent are required to follow the National Curriculum guide-line set down by the government.5 The children begins secondary education at the age of 116 Grammar schools select the children who get high marks in the “Eleven Plus” examination, or show academic potential.7 British universities receive funds from the central government8Two characteristics of University of Oxford and Cambridge is College system and Tutorial system9 Open University is U.K’s largest university for part-time higher education.10 University of London is a federation of collegesⅡMultiple choices1 are funded by the fees charged to the parentsA Independent SchoolB State SchoolC Co-educated SchoolsD Public Schools2. Those wishing to gain entry to university must complete an additional two years of studies.A. GCSEB.SATC. Eleven PlusD. A Level3. Before primary schooling some children have an opportunity to attend the few kindergartens, which are called ““A Junior section B. Infant section C Nursery Schools D Secondary Schools4 Academic Year in UK begins in September, and is divided into three terms, with holidays atA Christmas, Easter, and in the winterB Christmas, Easter and in the summerC Christmas, Halloween, and in the summerD New Year, Easter, and in the summer5 After 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, the students sit their exams.A. GCEA(General Certificate of Education-Advanced )B. GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)C. GCSE ( General Certificate of Secondary Education)D. A-Level6. After students sit their GCSE exams, then they can concentrate on vocational training, and attendA .GCEA(General Certificate of Education-Advanced )B. GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)C. GCSE ( General Certificate of Secondary Education)D. A-Level7. There is only one privately funded university in UK. That isA the University of Manchester B. the University of CambridgeC the University of OxfordD the University of Buckingham8. Which one is one of oldest university in the English-speaking world?A the University of Manchester B. the University of CambridgeC the University of OxfordD the University of Buckingham9. The amount of funding each university receives is based onA its sizeB the number of students it teachesC the research it conductsD All of the above10.Which university is not in Scotland ?A the University of YorkB the University of GlasgowB the University of Edinburgh D the University of AberdeenⅢAnswering the questions1 What is the purpose of the British education system?The three R’s (“reading, riting and rithmetic ) to provide children with literary and the other basic skills they will need to become 少！2 What is the difference between Chinese＆British Education Systems?3. What is Open University ?。
英国文化
白金汉宫广场是伦敦观光客最为集中的地方，每天中午11:30有卫士换岗仪式(10月至5月为隔日)。尽管交换 钥匙已成为纯粹的仪式，但士兵王家风范的动作和军乐队的表演总换来不停的闪光的快门声。
英国对莎士比亚的尊崇首先体现在从未间断地上演莎氏的经典剧作。出生于破败的商人之家，从幼年起即跟 随剧团在各地巡回演出，只受过小学教育的莎士比亚，凭借聪颖和勤奋，学会了编剧，并创作了37部悲剧、喜剧 和历史剧以及一百五十多首十四行诗，仍是英国戏剧表演团体热衷上演的剧目。
其次，英国对莎士比亚的尊崇还体现在积极挖掘、保护和修建与莎氏有关的文物和建筑。莎士比亚环球剧场 的修建就是其中的一个代表。莎士比亚创作剧目的首场演出大都在环球剧院里举行。1599年，莎士比亚环球剧院 首次对外开放，1613年被大火焚毁，1614年莎士比亚剧场得以重建并使用至1644尺寸的大小也有区别。吃肉时，不管是否要用刀切，都要使用大号的刀。 吃沙拉、甜食或一些开胃小菜时，要用中号刀，叉或勺一般随刀的大小而变。
料理上桌后的基本动作，即是“右手拿刀切开，然后左手拿叉将料理叉起”。以叉子压住料理的左端，固定， 顺着叉子的侧边以刀切下约一口大小的料理后，叉子即可直接叉起料理送入口中，简单说即是“以叉子压住后再 以刀切开”。
英国文化
文化底蕴丰厚历史悠久
01 著名旅游
03 饮食文化
目录
02 莎士比亚
【大本钟】作为伦敦市的标志以及英国的象征，大本钟巨大而华丽，重13.5吨，四个钟面的面积有两千平方 米左右。大本钟从1859年就为伦敦城报时，近一个半世纪，尽管这期间大本钟曾两度裂开而重铸。大本钟的钟声 仍然清晰、动听。
英国文化资料
英国⽂化资料Chapter One：Early and Medieval English Literature (5th century –1485)1. Beowulf (7th century)What a Man Is Beowulf?Beowulf is a grand hero. He is faithful to his people. He goes alone, in a strange land, to rescue his people. He forgets himself in face of danger, thinking only that it profits others.Features of BeowulfAlliteration(押头韵): There are generally four accents in a line, three of which show alliteration.Metaphor(隐喻): ring-giver= king; whale’s road=sea. Such metaphors occur in great number. Understatement(典型特点): not troublesome=very welcome; need not praise=condemnLiterary Terms（⽂学术语解释）Legend（传说）: A song or narrative handed down from the past, legend differs from myths on the basis of the elements of historical truth they contain.Epic（史诗）: 1)Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. 2) Beowulf is the greatest national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. John Milton wrote three great epics: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.Romance罗曼史/骑⼠⽂学: 1)Romance is a popular literary form in the medieval England. 2) It sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. 3) Chivalry (such as bravery, honor, generosity, loyalty and kindness to the weak and poor) is the spirit of romance.Ballad（民谣）: 1)Ballad is a story in poetic form to be sung or recited. 2) Ballads were passed down from generation to generation. 3) Robin Hood is a famous ballad singing the goods of Robin Hood. Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a 19th century English ballad.2. Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟（约1340-1400）英国代表作家，现实主义⽂学的奠基者。
英国文化学习资料
英国文化学习资料Chapter One English HistioryI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following.1. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at .A. the Battle of Crecy C. the Battle of HastingsB. the Battle of Agincourt D. the Battle of Waterloo2. One of the following did not take place during the Middle Ages. It was . A. the Norman Conquest C. the Hundred Years WarB. the Crusades D. the “Gunpowder Plot”3. The most famous of the English Crusaders was the Norman king, .A. Richard Lion-Heart C. King ArthurB. King John D. Alfred the Great24. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a (n) aristocracy.A. English-speaking C. German-speakingB. French-speaking D. Gaelic-speaking5. In England, the Protestant Reformation began with .A. King John C. Queen ElizabethB. Henry VIII D. Bloody Mary6. Shakespeare lived in the period of .A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan ageB. the Victorian age D. the Industrial Revolution7. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during . A. the Middle Ages C. the Elizabethan ageB. the “grab for Africa”D. the Victorian age38. The “Gunpowder Plot”took place in the reign of .A. James I C. Henry VIIIB. Elizabeth I D. Charles I9. The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was .A. Henry VIII C. Charles IB. James I D. James II10. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was .A. Spain C. AmericaB. France D. Germany11. One of the following did not take placeduring the eighteenth century in British4history. It was .A. great victories over France C. the loss of her American coloniesB. the Industrial Revolution D. the founding of the modern police force12. The Reform Bill in the eighteenth century in British history was made to .A. extend the franchise C. encourage inventionsB. develop trade unions D. improve social services13. One of the following was not a characteristic of the Victorian age.A. It was an age of national development and national optimism.B. It was an age of stability in family life.C. It was an age of imperialism.D. It was an age of lack of belief in religion.14. One of the following did not take place5between the two world wars in British history. It was .A. the “suffragette” movementB. the independence of the southern part of IrelandC. the great “slump”D. the General Strike15. Which of the following did not take place after the Second World War in British history?A. The independence of the colonies of the old British empireB. The availability of TV sets and cars to almost every homeC. The “suffragette” movementD. The founding of the “Welfare State”II. Fill in the Blanks1. The Crusades were a series of wars in which armies from all over Europe tried to snatch6the “”(i. e. Palestine, where Jesus Christ once lived) from the .2. In British history, the great rivals of the king’s authority during the Middle Ages were and the local chiefs, called .3. All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke as their mother tongue, and after the Hundred Year s’War, the language took its place.4. During the Hundred Year s’War between England and France, English bowmen defeated the heavily armed French knights in the famous Battles of and , and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands.5. The sixteenth century was the age of great voyages of discovery. and were the two great sailors who started the age of discovery.77. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in Britain in the reign of .8. Most people associate the Elizabethan agewith two things. The first is .The other is .9. The greatest sailor who led the English fleetto victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was .10. The English Civil War resulted in thetemporary overthrow of the , and the country became for more than ten years a sort of republic founded by .11. In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead”supported while the “Cavalier”supported .14. The longest reign in British history was themonarch of the great Queen Victoria, which8lasted from the year to .15. The Origin of Species was written by .17. After World War II, the first two colonies ofthe old British Empire that became free were ___ and .III. Explanation1. the Hundred Year s’ War(1) A war between England and Francewhich lasted, on and off, for a hundred years from 1337 to 1453. (2) It was fought entirely in France, and the whole of France very nearly fell into English hands in the famous battles of Crecy and Agincourt. (3) Eventually, partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, the French drove the English from their land for good.92. the Catholic Church(1) It refers to the Christian church headedby the Pope. (2) All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the Bible. Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy.”(3) In the Middle Ages, the Pope wasextremely powerful. (4) In the sixteenth century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by Catholics.3. the Elizabethan age(1) It refers to the period during the reign ofElizabeth I in British history. (2) It was an age of real literary achievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and (3) it was an age of adventure on the sea.Answers10I . Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. C;2. D;3. A;4. B;5. B;6. C;7. C;8.A;9. C;10. B; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. A; 15. CII. Fill in the Blanks1. Holy Land; the Muslims2. the Church; barons3. French; English4. Crecy; Agincourt5. Columbus; Vasco da Gama7. Elizabeth I8. literature; adventure on the sea9. Sir Francis Drake10. monarchy; Oliver Cromwell11. the Parliament; the King (or King CharlesI)14. 1837; 190115. Charles Darwin 17. India; PakistanChapter Two British Government SystemI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Queen Elizabeth n is “Defender of the Faith”, because ______.A. she is the spiritual leader of the Church of EnglandB. she is the head of the Church of EnglandC. she is the personification of the state.D. she is the symbol of the English values.2. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.B. The Queen receives reports of cabinetmeetings in her weekly sessions with thePrime Minister.C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the Cabinet.D. The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life.3. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen is a symbol of the parliamentary democracy.B. She is a symbol of British culture.C. She is a symbol of English tradition.D. She is a symbol of English way of life.4. Which of the following is not a part of the Conventions of the constitution?A. The powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers.B. The Queen must act on the advice of Ministers.C. MPs enjoy freedom of speech in debate.D. Ministers are responsible to Parliament for their actions.5. How often does the General Election take place?A. At least every three years. C. At least every five years.B. At least every four years. D. At least every six years.6. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.C. Because party members have the backing of nationwide organizations.D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.7. The executive power is in the hands of _____.A. Parliament C. the Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterB. the House of Commons D. the Queen8. The real centre of power in Parliament is _____.A. the Queen C. the House ofLordsB. the House of CommonsD. the Cabinet9. Which of the following is not one of the functions that Parliament plays?A. To serve as the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases.B. To make laws.C. To control and criticize the executive government.D. To control the raising and the spending of money.10. The real power of the British government lies in _____.A. the House of Commons C. the Prime MinisterB. the Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterD. the Queen11. Which of the following is the Act thatrestricted the powers of the Lords in dealing with money?A. The Parliament Act of 1901 C. The Bill of Rights in 1689B. The Parliament Act of 1911 D. The Act of Settlement in 170112. The real power of the House of Lords lies in ____.A. helping to pass money bills C. discussing billsB. delaying bills D. being Supreme Court13. Which of the following is not correct?A. The Speaker presides over the meetings inthe House of Commons and sees thatprocedure is followed.B. The Speaker has the highest power in theHouse of Commons, he usually takessides and joins the debates.C. The Speaker controls the debates, seeingthat Members do not stray too far from the subject of debate.D. The Speaker interprets the rule ofprocedure and settles any disputes as towhether things are being properly done.14. According to the text, which of the followingis the most important privilege enjoyed by MPs?A. Freedom of speech in Parliament. C. High living standards.B. High social status. D. Involvement in law-making.15. Which of the following sentences in true?A. The two big parties have been successful in expanding their powers over recent years.B. The strength of the big parties remains unchanged.C. Members of the two big parties no longerdominate Parliament.D. The two big parties have declined over recent years.II. Fill in the Blanks1. __________ is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom.2. A1l English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for _________.3. The highest of all honors conferred by the British Queen is __________.4. The British Constitution consists mainly of the following five parts mentioned in the text: (1)__________; (2)__________;(3)__________; (4)__________ and(5)__________.5. A General Election takes place at least every __________ years. In each General Election, ________ are elected members of Parliament.6. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements 1)______;(2)________;(3)________.7. The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _________.12. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ___________.13. The executive power of the government is vested mainly in the __________.14. The real centre of power in Parliament is ______; the excusive government is responsible to ______.15. The House of Lords has no Power where______ Bills are concerned. All other Bills the Lords can only hold up for ________. 17. Parliament has three main functions: (1)___________; (2)___________ and (3)_________.18. The present monarch of Britain is _________, her role mainly ___________.III. Explain Each of the Following in English 1. British Parliament(1) It includes three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.(2) It is the supreme law-making authority in Britain. (3) The real centre of parliamentary power is in the House of Commons. (4) Other functions include: to control and criticize the executive government; to control the raising and the spending of money.2. the British Constitution(l) It is unwritten. (2) Its components include Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege.(3) It is more flexible than the written ones in other countries.3. General Election(1) General Election is held at least every five years. (2) The country is divided int0 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament. (3) The one who has the most votes in a constituency becomes a Member of Parliament. (4) The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1) B; 2) C; 3) A; 4)C; 5)C; 6)C; 7)C; 8)B; 9)A;10)A; 11)B; 12)D; 13)B; 14)A; 15)DII. Fill in the Blanks1. The monarchy2. On Her Majesty’s Service3. the Most NobleOrder of the Garter 4. Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law, Parliamentary Privilege.5. five; 635.6. the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons.7. Parliament11. The Lord Chancellor12. her ministers13. Cabinet14. the House of Commons, Parliament 15. Money, a year .17. to make laws, tocontrol andcriticize theexecutivegovernment, tocontrol the raisingand the spendingof money.18. Queen Elizabeth II; symbolic.Chapter 3 English LiteratureI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Among the following four great English poets, who does not belong to the trio of English poetry giants?A. Chaucer. C. Milton.B. Shakespeare. D. Shelley.2. Which of the following was a realistic writer?A. Jonathan Swift C. Percy B Shelley.B. Daniel Defoe. D. Thomas Hardy.3. The King James Bible __________.A. was written by King James IB. Was translated by King James IC. was translated under the order of King James ID. was directed by King James I4. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?A. Drama. C. Poetry.B. Novel. D. Essay.5. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Twelfth Night. C. The Tempest.B. Othello. D. Richard II.6. Which of the following is generally considered as one of the masterpieces by Milton?A. Samson Agonistes C. Canterbury Tales.B. King Lear. D. Don Juan.7. Which of the following was the bitterest satirist?A. Walter Scott. C. Jonathan Swift.B. Daniel Defoe. D. Jane Austen.8. Which of the following was Scottish in origin, and wrote in Scottish dialect?A. Robert Burns. C. William M. Thackeray.B. Edmund Burke. D. George Bernard Shaw.9. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels _____.A. was a novel of hard thrusting satire against the weakness of human beingsB. was a book of the author’s experiences of travels.C. was a children’s book with no political significanceD. was a book about the author’s religious life10. Which of the following was not written by Jane Austen?A. Wuthering Heights. C. Pride and Prejudice.B. Sense and Sensibility. D. Emma.11. Among the following writers, who did not belong to the 20th century?A. John Galsworthy. C. E. M. ForsterB. D. H. Lawrence. D. Oscar Wilde12. When did English literature begin?A. Around 700B.C. C. Around the 8th century.B. After the Norman Conquest. D. Around the 6th century.13. Johnson and James Boswell were twin stars in the 18th century because_____.A. they were good friends.B. they wrote hooks togetherC. Boswell was a writer in his own right and he was as famous as JohnsonD. Boswell wrote Johnson’s biography andbecame a major literary figure in his ownright.14. The writer of The Mill on the Floss was_____.A. Robert Louis Stevenson C. William GoldingB. George Eliot D. W. Somerset Maugham15. Several gifted women have played a part in 20th-century fiction. Which of the following is an exception?A. George Eliot. C. Katherine MansfieldB. Virginia Woolf. D. Elizabeth Bowen.II. Fill in the Blanks1. The study of English literature usually begins with_____.2. The roots of English literature lie deep in the tales of_____ and other Scandinavian countries.3. In the sixteenth century, the most famous writer was_____ who wrote a book called_____ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.4. The most famous work by John Bunyan was called_____.5. Three poets who brought the romantic movement to its height were_____, _____, and_____.6. _____ is regarded as the most important playwright after Shakespeare.7. The use of stream of consciousness was first started by_____, whose masterpiece was_____.8. Name two of the plays written by George Bernard Shaw:_____, _____.9. The author of Vanity Fair was_____; Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was done by_____; Charles Dickens wrote_____ and _____ among many other works; The Importance of Being Earnest was written by_____. The representative work of E. M. Forster was_____.10. Shakespeare’s plays fall into threecategories. They are____, _____, and_____.Name one play out of each category: _____, _____, _____.11. _____ is generally regarded as Chaucer’s masterpiece.12. Daniel Defoe was most famous for _____.13. Emily and Charlotte are noted for theirnovels _____ and _____ which are largely the love stories of a woman for man.14. D. H. Lawrence was one of the mostcontroversial writers of the early 20th century, _____, one of his finest novels, was based partly on his own life.Tragedy: Hamlet, King Lear, OthelloComedy: A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs You Like ItTwelfth NightChronicle: Richard IIIPlays: Henry VJulius CaesarIII. Explanations1. The Canterbury Tales(1) It is the masterwork of the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. (2) It is the most important work in Middle English Literature.(3) It is a collection of stories told with superb poetic craft. (4) It gives a cross-section of medieval life.2. William Shakespeare(1) He was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. (2) He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. (3) His plays fall into three categories: tragedy, such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello; comedy, such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream,As You Like It ,Twelfth Night; and chronicle plays, suchas Henry V, Julius Caesar.3. Romantic Literature of the 19th century (1) It refers to a movement in literature during the first third of the 19th century. (2) The central figures of this movement are Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats and Shelley. (3)Their writings are characterized by rich imagination and strong feeling.4. Victorian literature(1) It refers roughly to the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria.(2) The romantic spirit ceased to be a leading influence. (3) Historical and philosophical writing continued to flourish along with poetry and fiction. (4) Satire and protest against evils in society became strong elements. (5) The later years of the period saw modern kinds of realistic writing and some authors who showed a new, deeperunderstanding of character.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. D;2. D;3. C;4. A;5. B;6. A;7. C;8. A; 9. A; 10. A; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. B; 15. AII. Fill in the Blanks1. Beowulf2. Denmark3. Thomas More; Utopia4. Pilgrim’s Progress5. Lord Byron, John Keats; Percy Shelley6. George Bernard Shaw7. James Joyce, Ulysses8. Major Babara, Man and Superman9. William M. Thackeray; Lewis Carroll; David Copperfield, Oliver Twist;Oscar Wilde; A passage to India10. comedies; tragedies; historical plays;Twelfth Night, King Lear, Julius Caesar11. The Canterbury Tales12. Robinson Crusoe13. Wuthering Heights; Jane Eyre14. Sons and LoversChapter 4 Character and MannersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is .A. reserve C. sense of humorB. modesty D. sportsmanship2. If you meet a stranger from Britain, which of the following questions can you ask him?A. How old are you? C. How often do you travel abroad?B. When did you buy your watch? D. What’s your salary?3. In Britain, the following conducts are considered ill-bred except .A. loud speechB. self-praiseC. exchanging handshakes on a first introductionD. laughing at a cripple4. In Britain, if a person is very good at tennis, and someone asks him if he is a good player, he will seldom reply.A. I’m not bad. C. I think I’m quite good.B. Yes. D. Well, I’m very keen on tennis.5. English sense of humour is characterized by .A. self-praise C.self-deprecationB. self-confidence D.self-exaggeration6. Humor is highly prized in England, however, the English do not laugh at .A. one’s own faults C. one’s ownfailuresB. one’s own ideals D. a tragedy7. Which of the following is not true about the typical Englishman?A. He likes to think of himself as more reliable.B. He distrusts exaggerated promises.C. He is distrustful of any kind of self-praise.D. He doesn't expect reserve in others.8. The terms such as “never hit a man when he’s down” and “playing fair” reflect a sense of .A. humor C. sportsmanshipB. modesty D. responsibility9. Which of the following is not true about the English class system?A. It is an embarrassing subject for Englishpeople.B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.D. The class system still exists below the surface.10. The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in England is their .A. dress C. workB. accent D. meal11. British habits of politeness are on the whole very .A. informal C. formalB. complicated D. odd12. If you are invited to an evening meal in a British home, which of the following is considered impolite?A. To arrive early.B. To arrive ten minutes late.C. To pay attention to table manners.D. To take your leave between ten and eleven o' clock.13. In Britain, you can usually offer money to .A. a driver who gives you a liftB. someone who stops to help you to mend a punctureC. someone who gives you first aidD. railway porters who carry your baggage14. If old people are respected in Britain, it is because .A. old age and seniority command authority among the BritishB. modern development needs the experience of old peopleC. old people are felt to be in need ofprotection and supportD. they always keep pace with the times15. Which of the following is not true about politeness in Britain?A. British greetings are complicated.B. British people do not readily ask eachother to do anything which would involvereal inconvenience.C. The British are rather particular about table manners.D. Politeness towards women is less observed today than it used to he.II. Fill in the Blanks1. Geographically speaking, the people of the and , especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the and in Britain.2. Within their hearts, the English are perhapsno less conceited than anybody else, but in their relation with others they value at least a show of .3. Prince Philip once said that is “God’s greatest gift to mankind.”4. Boxing, rugby, association football, hockey, tennis and cricket were all first organized and given rules in the country .5. The middle class in Britain consists chiefly of _ _ and of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of and workers.6. In England, middle-class people using slightly varying kinds of which is the kind of English spoken by ____ announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class speak in many different __ accents, which are generally felt to be rather ugly anduneducated.7. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the education system. To have been to a “public school”immediately marks you out as one of the class.III. Explanations1. English sportsmanship(1) Sportsmanship is an English ideal that is highly valued in Britain. (2) Sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. (3) Sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech.2. English class system(1) As a social convention, the English class system is much less rigid than it was, but it still exists below the surface. (2) Broadlyspeaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do business men and professional people of all kinds; the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. (3) The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. The middle classes also tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. A;2. C;3. C;4. B;5. C;6. D;7. D;8. C; 9. B; 10. B;11. A; 12. A; 13. D; 14. C; 15. AⅡ. Fill in the Blanks1. North; West; South; East2. modesty3. a sense of humor4. Britain5. well-to-do business men; professional people; manual; unskilled6. received pronunciation; BBC; local7. two-class; middleChapter 5 EducationⅠ. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to .A. public schools C. State schoolsB. private schools D. voluntary schools2. In British education, boys and girls are usually separated in .A. infant s’ schools C. universitiesB. junior schools D. university colleges3. The “eleven plus”is the examination taken by children in their last year at .A. nursery school C. prep schoolB. primary school D. secondary school4. In the examination called the “eleven plus”, students with the highest marks go to .A. grammar schools C. secondary modern schoolsB. technical schools D. public schools5. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called .A. the Certificate of Secondary EducationB. the Ordinary level of the General Certificate of EducationC. the Advanced level of the General Certificate M EducationD. the common entrance examination6. Public schools in England are usually attended by those whose parents are .A. rich C. both rich and politically conservativeB. politically conservative D. liberal7. About of income of British universities is provided by the State.A. one-quarter C. three-quartersB. half D. one-third8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Open University?A. It is open to everybody.B. It is non-residential.C. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio.D. No university degree is awarded.9. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?A. Education is chaotic.B. Education is very expensive.C. Education is highly centralized.D. Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.10. Which of the following does not reflect the characteristic of freedom in British education?。
英国文化知识有哪些_英国礼仪知识
英国文化知识有哪些_英国礼仪知识去英国工作或学习前，了解清楚当地的风俗习惯是有必要的。
英国是一个很讲究礼仪的国家，英国人同别人谈话时，不喜欢距离过近。
下面一起来看看小编为大家整理的英国文化知识，欢迎阅读，仅供参考。
英国文化常识一、社交从酒吧开始大多数中国人都会觉得，英国人虽然有礼貌，却很冷淡。
的确，英国人不喜欢过于亲热，觉得这样肤浅而且不真诚。
太多的热情和关注，会让英国人感到奇怪和不自在，所以和他们建立友谊，确实要花些时间。
隐私对于英国人来说十分重要。
个人问题，例如婚姻、恋爱关系、财政、健康等话题，应当避免，除非对方是很好的朋友。
另外，酒吧是英国人喜欢与朋友相聚的社交中心。
中国学生可能会被邀请“出去喝一品脱，作为与英国学生社交的开始。
二、吃饭、聊天交替进行到英国人家去做客，应准时赴约，不要早到，更不能迟到，并准备一些小礼物。
吃饭时，吃完自己餐盘里的所有食物是礼貌的行为;如剩下食物，在英国意味着客人不喜欢这些食物。
英国人喜欢在吃饭时聊天，但这时需要注意吃东西和说话应交替进行。
吃东西时张大嘴和说话，是很不礼貌的行为，所以吃饭时，最好只往嘴巴里放少量食物。
如果你必须张大嘴巴，最好用一只手遮住它。
在英国文化中，饭后留下来进行社交谈话，被视为礼貌的行为，因此聚会可能多延续几个小时。
三、有事要预约在英国，与人交往时还要注意：拜访朋友前，要提前通知对方，不速之客会让人讨厌。
应当尽量避免在晚上10时后打电话到别人家，而晚上11点后打电话，则很可能被英国人当作有紧急事件。
英国的许多服务都需要提前预约，如看医生、理发、美容、配眼镜等。
如需要取消预约，就必须提前24小时通知对方，否则可能须支付取消费。
四、多学俗语用处大在英国生活，中国学生可能会遇到许多不熟悉、甚至不明白的俗语。
提前了解一些俗语，会给初到英国时的生活带来很大帮助。
例如，“Loo”指厕所(WC)，“Tube”指地铁(metro)，“Tea”在某些情况下指正餐，“Pants”指内衣裤。
英国文化知识
第七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
David Robert Joseph Beckham
第八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
Word:
第十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
THANKS
第十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
英国全称是这样的
第二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
Is the British car driving on the
为什么呢？
第五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
第六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二分。
九年级上册英国知识点
九年级上册英国知识点英国，位于欧洲西北部，是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家。
作为一个英语国家，英国的知识点是九年级学生学习英语时必备的内容。
本文将介绍九年级上册英国知识点，包括英国的地理位置、历史、文化和名胜等方面。
一、地理位置英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，濒临大西洋。
它由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
首都是伦敦，也是英国最大的城市。
二、历史英国的历史可以追溯到几千年前的古代不列颠时期。
随后，罗马人入侵，建立了不列颠罗马省。
中世纪时期，英国出现了盎格鲁-撒克逊王国和诺曼底公国的统治。
在16世纪，英国成为大航海时代的重要势力，建立了庞大的殖民帝国。
19世纪时，英国开始工业化，并成为世界上第一个工业化国家。
三、文化1. 语言：英国的官方语言是英语，是全球通用的一种语言。
英国英语和美国英语有一些差异，如词汇和发音。
2. 文学：英国是世界文学的重要发源地之一，诸如莎士比亚、狄更斯等著名作家的作品对世界文学产生了巨大影响。
3. 音乐：英国有着丰富多样的音乐文化，从贝多芬到披头士乐队，英国的音乐才华熠熠生辉。
4. 传统节日：英国有许多独特的传统节日，如圣诞节、复活节和万圣节等。
这些节日都有其自己的庆祝方式和习俗。
四、名胜和地标1. 伦敦塔桥：伦敦的地标之一，位于泰晤士河上，是一座具有悠久历史和壮丽结构的桥梁。
2. 大本钟：位于伦敦的大本钟是英国的标志之一，也是世界上最著名的钟楼之一。
3. 巴斯古罗马浴场：位于英格兰巴斯市，是古罗马时期的浴场遗址，被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。
4. 斯通亨日：位于英国威尔士的斯诺登尼亚国家公园，是英国最高峰之一，吸引大批登山爱好者。
五、其他1. 茶文化：英国人喜爱喝茶，将下午茶作为一种传统习俗。
2. 足球：足球是英国最受欢迎的体育运动之一，英超联赛是世界上最具影响力的足球联赛之一。
3. 皇室：英国王室是世界上最有名的王室之一，女王伊丽莎白二世是英国最长寿的君主。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Eventually, partly through the inspiration of the brave girl Joan of Arc, and partly through the effective use of guns, the French drove the English from their land for good.2. the Catholic Church(1) It refers to the Christian church headed by the Pope. (2) All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the Bible. Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy.” (3) In the Middle Ages, the Pope was extremely powerful. (4) In the sixteenth century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by Catholics.3. the Elizabethan age(1) It refers to the period during the reign of Elizabeth I in British history. (2) It was an age of real literary achievement, especially that of Shakespeare, and (3) it was an age of adventure on the sea.AnswersI . Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. C;2. D;3. A;4. B;5. B;6. C;7. C;8.A;9. C; 10. B; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. A; 15. CII. Fill in the Blanks1. Holy Land; the Muslims2. the Church; barons3. French; English4. Crecy; Agincourt5. Columbus; Vasco da Gama7. Elizabeth I8. literature; adventure on the sea9. Sir Francis Drake10. monarchy; Oliver Cromwell11. the Parliament; the King (or King CharlesI)14. 1837; 190115. Charles Darwin 17. India; PakistanChapter Two British Government SystemI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Queen Elizabeth n is “Defender of the Faith”, because ______.A. she is the spiritual leader of the Church of EnglandB. she is the head of the Church of EnglandC. she is the personification of the state.D. she is the symbol of the English values.2. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.B. The Queen receives reports of cabinet meetings in herweekly sessions with the Prime Minister.C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the Cabinet.D. The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life.3. Which of the following is not true?A. The Queen is a symbol of the parliamentary democracy.B. She is a symbol of British culture.C. She is a symbol of English tradition.D. She is a symbol of English way of life.4. Which of the following is not a part of the Conventions of the constitution?A. The powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers.B. The Queen must act on the advice of Ministers.C. MPs enjoy freedom of speech in debate.D. Ministers are responsible to Parliament for their actions.5. How often does the General Election take place?A. At least every three years. C. At least every five years.B. At least every four years. D. At least every six years.6. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.C. Because party members have the backing of nationwide organizations.D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.7. The executive power is in the hands of _____.A. Parliament C. the Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterB. the House of Commons D. the Queen8. The real centre of power in Parliament is _____.A. the Queen C. the House of LordsB. the House of Commons D. the Cabinet9. Which of the following is not one of the functions that Parliament plays?A. To serve as the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases.B. To make laws.C. To control and criticize the executive government.D. To control the raising and the spending of money.10. The real power of the British government lies in _____.A. the House of Commons C. the Prime MinisterB. the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister D. the Queen11. Which of the following is the Act that restricted the powersof the Lords in dealing with money?A. The Parliament Act of 1901 C. The Bill of Rights in 1689B. The Parliament Act of 1911 D. The Act of Settlement in 170112. The real power of the House of Lords lies in ____.A. helping to pass money bills C. discussing billsB. delaying bills D. being Supreme Court13. Which of the following is not correct?A. The Speaker presides over the meetings in the House ofCommons and sees that procedure is followed.B. The Speaker has the highest power in the House ofCommons, he usually takes sides and joins the debates.C. The Speaker controls the debates, seeing that Members donot stray too far from the subject of debate.D. The Speaker interprets the rule of procedure and settlesany disputes as to whether things are being properly done.14. According to the text, which of the following is the mostimportant privilege enjoyed by MPs?A. Freedom of speech in Parliament. C. High living standards.B. High social status. D. Involvement in law-making.15. Which of the following sentences in true?A. The two big parties have been successful in expanding their powers over recent years.B. The strength of the big parties remains unchanged.C. Members of the two big parties no longer dominate Parliament.D. The two big parties have declined over recent years.II. Fill in the Blanks1. __________ is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom.2. A1l English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for _________.3. The highest of all honors conferred by the British Queen is __________.4. The British Constitution consists mainly of the following five parts mentioned in the text:(1)__________; (2)__________; (3)__________; (4)__________ and(5)__________.5. A General Election takes place at least every __________ years. In each General Election, ________ are elected members of Parliament.6. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements 1)______; (2)________;(3)________.7. The supreme law-making authority in Britain is _________.12. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ___________.13. The executive power of the government is vested mainly in the __________.14. The real centre of power in Parliament is ______; the excusive government is responsible to ______.15. The House of Lords has no Power where ______ Bills areconcerned. All other Bills the Lords can only hold up for ________.17. Parliament has three main functions: (1)___________;(2)___________ and (3)_________.18. The present monarch of Britain is _________, her role mainly ___________.III. Explain Each of the Following in English1. British Parliament(1) It includes three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. (2) It is the supreme law-making authority in Britain. (3) The real centre of parliamentary power is in the House of Commons. (4) Other functions include: to control and criticize the executive government; to control the raising and the spending of money.2. the British Constitution(l) It is unwritten. (2) Its components include Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege. (3) It is more flexible than the written ones in other countries.3. General Election(1) General Election is held at least every five years. (2) The country is divided int0 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament. (3) The one who has the most votes in a constituency becomes a Member of Parliament. (4) The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1) B; 2) C; 3) A; 4)C; 5)C; 6)C; 7)C; 8)B; 9)A; 10)A; 11)B; 12)D;13)B; 14)A; 15)DII. Fill in the Blanks1. The monarchy2. On Her Majesty’s Service3. the Most Noble Order of the Garter4. Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law, Parliamentary Privilege.5. five; 635.6. the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of Commons.7. Parliament11. The Lord Chancellor12. her ministers13. Cabinet14. the House of Commons, Parliament15. Money, a year .17. to make laws, tocontrol and criticize the executive government, to control the raising and the spending of money.18. Queen Elizabeth II; symbolic.Chapter 3 English LiteratureI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. Among the following four great English poets, who does not belong to the trio of English poetry giants?A. Chaucer. C. Milton.B. Shakespeare. D. Shelley.2. Which of the following was a realistic writer?A. Jonathan Swift C. Percy B Shelley.B. Daniel Defoe. D. Thomas Hardy.3. The King James Bible __________.A. was written by King James IB. Was translated by King James IC. was translated under the order of King James ID. was directed by King James I4. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?A. Drama. C. Poetry.B. Novel. D. Essay.5. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Twelfth Night. C. The Tempest.B. Othello. D. Richard II.6. Which of the following is generally considered as one of the masterpieces by Milton?A. Samson Agonistes C. Canterbury Tales.B. King Lear. D. Don Juan.7. Which of the following was the bitterest satirist?A. Walter Scott. C. Jonathan Swift.B. Daniel Defoe. D. Jane Austen.8. Which of the following was Scottish in origin, and wrote in Scottish dialect?A. Robert Burns. C. William M. Thackeray.B. Edmund Burke. D. George Bernard Shaw.9. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels _____.A. was a novel of hard thrusting satire against the weakness of human beingsB. was a book of the author’s experiences of travels.C. was a children’s book with no political significanceD. was a book about the author’s religious life10. Which of the following was not written by Jane Austen?A. Wuthering Heights. C. Pride and Prejudice.B. Sense and Sensibility. D. Emma.11. Among the following writers, who did not belong to the 20th century?A. John Galsworthy. C. E. M. ForsterB. D. H. Lawrence. D. Oscar Wilde12. When did English literature begin?A. Around 700B.C. C. Around the 8th century.B. After the Norman Conquest. D. Around the 6th century.13. Johnson and James Boswell were twin stars in the 18th century because_____.A. they were good friends.B. they wrote hooks togetherC. Boswell was a writer in his own right and he was as famous as JohnsonD. Boswell wrote Johnson’s biography and became a major literary figure in his own right.14. The writer of The Mill on the Floss was_____.A. Robert Louis Stevenson C. William GoldingB. George Eliot D. W. Somerset Maugham15. Several gifted women have played a part in 20th-century fiction. Which of the following is an exception?A. George Eliot. C. Katherine MansfieldB. Virginia Woolf. D. Elizabeth Bowen.II. Fill in the Blanks1. The study of English literature usually begins with_____.2. The roots of English literature lie deep in the tales of_____ and other Scandinavian countries.3. In the sixteenth century, the most famous writer was_____ who wrote a book called_____ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.4. The most famous work by John Bunyan was called_____.5. Three poets who brought the romantic movement to its heightwere_____, _____, and_____.6. _____ is regarded as the most important playwright after Shakespeare.7. The use of stream of consciousness was first started by_____, whose masterpiece was_____.8. Name two of the plays written by George Bernard Shaw:_____, _____.9. The author of Vanity Fair was_____; Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland was done by_____; Charles Dickens wrote_____ and _____ among many other works; The Importance of Being Earnest was written by_____. The representative work of E. M. Forster was_____.10. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories. They are____,_____, and_____. Name one play out of each category: _____, _____, _____.11. _____ is generally regarded as Chaucer’s masterpiece.12. Daniel Defoe was most famous for _____.13. Emily and Charlotte are noted for their novels _____ and_____ which are largely the love stories of a woman for man.14. D. H. Lawrence was one of the most controversial writers of the early 20th century, _____, one of his finest novels, was based partly on his own life.Tragedy: Hamlet, King Lear, OthelloComedy: A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs You Like ItTwelfth NightChronicle: Richard IIIPlays: Henry VJulius CaesarIII. Explanations1. The Canterbury Tales(1) It is the masterwork of the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer.(2) It is the most important work in Middle English Literature. (3) It isa collection of stories told with superb poetic craft. (4) It gives a cross-section of medieval life.2. William Shakespeare(1) He was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. (2) He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature.(3) His plays fall into three categories: tragedy, such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello; comedy, such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream,As You Like It ,Twelfth Night; and chronicle plays, such as Henry V, Julius Caesar.3. Romantic Literature of the 19th century(1) It refers to a movement in literature during the first third of the 19th century. (2) The central figures of this movement are Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats and Shelley. (3)Their writings are characterized by rich imagination and strong feeling.4. Victorian literature(1) It refers roughly to the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria. (2) The romantic spirit ceased to be a leading influence. (3) Historical and philosophical writing continued to flourish along with poetry and fiction. (4) Satire and protest against evils in society became strong elements. (5) The later years of the period saw modern kinds of realistic writing and some authors whoshowed a new, deeper understanding of character.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. D;2. D;3. C;4. A;5. B;6. A;7. C;8. A;9. A;10. A; 11. D; 12. A; 13. D; 14. B; 15. AII. Fill in the Blanks1. Beowulf2. Denmark3. Thomas More; Utopia4. Pilgrim’s Progress5. Lord Byron, John Keats; Percy Shelley6. George Bernard Shaw7. James Joyce, Ulysses8. Major Babara, Man and Superman9. William M. Thackeray;Lewis Carroll; David Copperfield, Oliver Twist;Oscar Wilde; A passage to India10. comedies; tragedies; historical plays;Twelfth Night, King Lear, Julius Caesar11. The Canterbury Tales12. Robinson Crusoe13. Wuthering Heights; JaneEyre14. Sons and Loversconsists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. (3) The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. The middle classes also tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured.AnswersI. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. A;2. C;3. C;4. B;5. C;6. D;7. D;8. C;9. B; 10. B;11. A; 12. A; 13. D; 14. C; 15. AⅡ. Fill in the Blanks1. North; West; South; East2. modesty3. a sense of humor4. Britain5. well-to-do business men; professional people; manual; unskilled6. received pronunciation; BBC; local7. two-class; middleB. It is non-residential.C. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio.D. No university degree is awarded.9. Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?A. Education is chaotic.B. Education is very expensive.C. Education is highly centralized.D. Education is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.10. Which of the following does not reflect the characteristic of freedom in British education?A. No centralized control from the central government.B. The different types of schools.C. The diverse system of university degrees.D. The completely free education at universities.Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks1. Every child in Britain must by law receive full-time education(3) Many new ideas in education are being tried out at present, and comprehensive schools vary widely throughout Britain.AnswersⅠ. Choose the Correct Answer from Each of the Following1. C;2. B;3. B;4. A;5. C;6.C;7.C;8. D;9. D;10. DⅡ. Fill in the Blanks1. five; fifteen2. five; nursery; five; infants’September4. the selective; the comprehensive5. county schools6. Eton; Harrow; Rugby7. common entrance; public9. Oxford; Cambridge11. London University13. the college system, the tutorial system。