with的复合结构

With 复合结构与独立结构的句法功能一、with 复合结构先看下面例句：In parts of Asia, you must not sit with your feet pointing at another persons.句中your feet 是介词with 的宾语,pointing是your feet的补足语,介词宾语your feet与它的补足语pointing 一起构成with的复合结构, 即复合宾语。

其结构是：with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语。

作宾语的通常是名词或代词；作宾语补足语的除了上例句中的动词-ing 形式外，还可用动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语、形容词等。

宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，即补足语表示宾语所发出的一个动作或说明宾语的状态、特征、身分等。

1.with 复合结构常见的构成形式有以下几种：••动词-ing 形式动词不定式•过去分词•with + 宾语+ 介词短语•形容词副词•名词现分述如下：1).with + 宾语+ 动词-ing 形式（即现在分词）。

宾语是动词-ing形式的执行者；动词-ing 形式表示动作正在发生。

例如：He fell asleep with the light burning.他开着灯睡着了。

With you standing there, we can't work. 你站在那儿我们无法工作。

2).with + 宾语+ 动词不定式。

宾语是动词不定式的执行者；动词不定式表示一个动作过程或即将发生的动作。

例如:I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. 所有这些碟子都要洗, 我不能出去。

With Tom to help me, I finished the work in time. 有了汤姆的帮助, 及时完成了这项工作。

3).with + 宾语+ 过去分词。

宾语是过去分词的承受者，而非执行者；过去分词表达被动含义。

例如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied. 小偷双手被捆着带了进来。

The boy rushed into the room, with his face covered with sweat. 那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。

4).with + 宾语+ 介词短语。

介词短语表示宾语所处的状态或特征。

例如：The guard stood at the gate with a gun in his hands.卫兵手持枪站在门口。

The old man was sitting there with his back to the door.老人背朝门坐在那儿。

5).with + 宾语+ 形容词。

形容词表示宾语的状态或特征。

例如:He often sleeps with the windows open. 他经常开着窗睡觉。

With the house empty she felt miserable. 房子空空荡荡, 她感觉难受。

6).with + 宾语+ 副词。

副词表示宾语的状态或特征。

例如:With John away, we've got more room. 约翰不在, 我们有了更多的地方。

The building looks more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都开着,这楼显得更加漂亮。

7).with + 宾语+ 名词。

名词常表示宾语的身分。

例如:He died with his daughter yet a baby.他去世时他女儿还是一个婴儿。

They live in Chengdu With their son a teacher in a school.他们住在成都，他们的儿子在一所学校当教师。

2.With 复合结构的句法功能with 复合结构在句中主要用作状语, 表示伴随情况或行为方式、•条件、原因、时间等。

例如：1）伴随状语：The teacher went into the classroom with some books in his hand.老师手里拿着几本书走进教室。

The old man was sitting near the stove, with his back towards the door.那位老人背朝门坐在火炉旁。

2）条件状语：With the weather permitting, we'll go out for picnic.如果天气好的话，我们就去野炊。

With the day being fine, we are going to swim. 如果天气好的话，我们打算去游泳。

3）时间状语：With the problem settled,he went home.这个问题解决后他就回家了。

With the work finished,he went home.工作做完后他就回家了。

4）原因状语：With so many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.由于缺席的人多，他们决定将会议推迟。

With them to help us, we finished the job easily. 有了他们的帮助，我们很容易地完成了这项工作。

With 复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可用作定语。

例如：He lives in the room with the light burning. 他住在亮着灯的那个房间。

The woman with a baby in her arms is his sister.怀抱婴儿的那个妇女是他姐姐。

•••独立结构1.独立结构与with 的复合结构形式基本相同, 只是少介词with,常见的独立结构有以下几类:••••动词-ing 形式•动词不定式•名词+ 过去分词•介词短语•形容词•••1).名词+ 动词-ing 形式。

例如:Mother being ill, he had to tend her at home. 母亲病了, 他得在家照料她。

The storm having destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave. 暴风雨把房子冲坏，他们只得住在一个窑洞里。

2).名词+ 动词不定式。

例如:Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.这儿是头两卷, 第三卷下月出版。

3).名词+ 过去分词。

例如:He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.•他脸朝天,头枕着双手躺着。

His wallet stolen, he had no money to buy even a ticket.他的钱包被偷了, 他连买一张车票的钱都没有。

4).名词+ 介词短语。

例如:He entered the dark room,gun in hands.他端着枪走进那间黑屋子。

He stood there,pipe in mouth.他站在那儿，嘴里衔着烟斗。

5).名词+ 形容词。

例如:He entered the room, his nose red with cold.他走了进来,鼻子冻得通红。

6).名词+ 副词。

例如:He put on his socks wrong side out.他袜子穿反了。

2. 独立结构的句法功能独立结构的句法功能与with 复合结构的句法功能基本相似，常用来表示行为方式、伴随情况、条件、时间、原因等。

例如：1）条件：Weather permitting, we'll go to the zoo.若天气好, 我们就去动物园。

All things considered, I think we ought to give the job to George.从各方面考虑，我认为我们该把这项工作交给乔治。

2）原因：John being away, Henry had to do the work. 约翰不在，只好由亨利来做这项工作。

3）时间：This done, he locked the door and went to bed.他做完这事就锁门睡觉了。

Spring coming on,the trees turn green. 春天来了，树都绿了。

4）伴随：He sat in the front row, his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so as not to miss any word.他坐在前排，口半张着，头往前倾，唯恐听漏一个字。

这类结构和一个从句差不多, 前面的名词或代词相当于从句的主语(也就是后面名词的逻辑主语)后面部分相当于从句的谓语或表语。

在译成汉语时或是译为一个状语，或是译为一个并列的句子。

这种结构在口语中很少用，在书面语中用得较多，尤其是用在描绘性文字中，使描绘更加生动。