语言学样题

I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. Linguistics is the scientific study of ____C___.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: ___B____.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless清音, labiodental唇齿音, fricative摩擦音C. voiced, bilabial双唇音, stop闭塞音D. voiced浊音, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) ___C____.A. derivational morpheme 派生词素B. free morpheme 自由词素C. inflectional morpheme 屈折词素D. free form 自由形态5. "I bought some roses" ____A___ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent with 不符合D. is synonymous with 与同义6. Y's utterance说话方式in the following conversation exchange violates 违犯冒犯the maxim of ___C_____.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, ____C___, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed外来词, added, lost or altered改变.A. phrases 短语B. sentencesC. morphemes 词素D. utterances 话语8. Predication analysis 预测分析is a way to analyze ___D__ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence9.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts言外行为whose point is to commit承诺the speaker to some future course of action are called __A __.A. commisives 承诺类B. directives 指令类C. expressives 表达类D. declaratives 宣告类18. The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any othername would smell as sweet’ well illustrates __A_.A. the conventional 传统性nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of language 普遍性D. the arbitrariness of language19. Of the following sound combinations，only ___A____ is permissible 可允许的according to thesequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk20. Syntax句法学is the study of___B_____。

A. language functionsB. sentence structureC. textual organizationD. word formation21. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature区别性特征of human language? DA. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. Cultural transmissionD. Finiteness 有限性22. The speech act theory 言语行为理论was first put forward by BA. J ohn SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD.M.A.K Halliday23. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion 概念观念of DA. r eferenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context24. The words “kid, child, offspring后代、子孙” are examples of BA. d ialectal synonyms 方言的同义词B. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonyms 情绪化的同义词D. collocational synonyms25. The distinction between parole言语and langue语言was made by DA. H allidayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. Saussure26. _____ refers to the study of the internal内在的、本质structure of words and the rules of the word formation.A. PhonologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics27. The distinctive features of a speech variety言语变体may be all the following EXCEPTA. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. Psycholinguistic 心理语言学28. The word tail once referred to the “the tail of a horse马尾”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal”. This is an example ofA. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning29. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. Displacement.C. DualityD. Diachronicity30. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentenceB. A coordinate sentence 并列句C. A complex sentenceD, None of the above31. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is calledA. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy32. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is______.A. corpus linguistics 语料库语言学B. sociolinguisticsC. theoretical linguistics 理论语言学D. Psycholinguistics33. A special language variety that mixes languages 混合语言and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called____.A. dialect 方言B. idiolect 个人语型C. pidginD. Register 语域34. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing_____.A. an illocutionary act 言外行为B. a perlocutionary act 言后行为C. a locutionary act 言内行为D. none of the above35. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisition 语言习得B. Language comprehension 语言理解C. Language production 语言生成D. Language instruction 语言教学36. The word “Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ________ in morphology.A. backformation 逆生词法B. conversion 转换法C. blending 混拼词D. acronym 首字母缩略词37. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway servesA. an expressive function 表达功能B. an informative function. 信息功能C. a performative function 表演功能D. a persuasive function 有说服力的功能38. ＿＿is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. cognitive linguistics 认知语言学D. sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant辅音in English because ofA. absence of obstruction 没有阻塞B. presence of obstruction 存在梗塞C. manner of articulation 发音方法D. place of articulation 发音部位40. The definition “the act of using, or promoting the use of, several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers” refers toA. PidginB. Creole克里奥尔语C. Multilingualism 多语制D. Bilingualism 习用两种语言41. In English if a word begins with a ［l］or a ［r］, then the neat sound must be a vowel. This is a(n)A. assimilation rule 通化规则B. sequential rule 序列规则C. deletion rule 省略规则D. grammar rule42. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A. APEC.B. Motel.C. Xerox.D. Disco.43. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of situation is calledA. registerB. dialectC. slangD. varietyⅡ. Decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F). (20 points, 1 point each)1. Historical linguistics is a synochronic study of language. F2. The phatic交流感情的function can often be entirely完全地personal and totally without any implication含意of communication to others. F3. "Deal" is phonetically transcribed转录as [di: ?]. T4. Phonology is concerned with speech production and speech perception领悟认识能力. F5.The word "bridge" to mean a method of playing cards is a loanshift词变异from Italian. T6.The English syllable音节may have as many as four consonants in the coda position结尾位置. T7.In the example: “He couldn’t open the door. It was locked tight”, the relation between “the door” and “It” is th at of reference. T8. Positional relations are a manifestation证明of one aspect of “PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS聚合关系” observed by F. de Saussure. In some elementary 基本的linguistic textbooks, they are also called HORIZONTAL RELATIONS横向关系or simply CHAIN RELATIONS 链关系. F9. Ogden and Richards argue that the relation between a word and thing it refers to is not direct. T10. Gradable antonymy层级性反义词is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementaryantonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary互补性to each other. T11. Speech act theory言语行为理论is in fact a theory of the illocutionary act言外行为. T12. A speaker flouts轻视the Maxim of Quantity数量规则when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful. F13. A lot of issues in psycholinguistics are controversial有争议性的. T14. When Mr. Goodell said 'I've had enough dumbbells哑铃in my office'(p. 168), he meant he had some weights in his office for practicing strength练习强度. F15. 'Foregrounding'前台操作前台设制refers to specific linguistic devices, i.e., deviation偏差and parallelism平行类似, which are used in literary texts. T16. CALL refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. T17. In his standard theory标准理论, N. Chomsky gave up the terms of "deep structure" and "surface structure". F18.Nowadays in the literature, the term “contrastive analysis对比分析” is gradually been replaced by “the study of cross-linguistic influences跨语言的影响”. T19. In cross-cultural communication跨文化交际, when people have trouble and do not know how to behave correctly, they tend to turn to their source culture for help. This is a strategy策略often used by communicators传播者in a new cultural setting, while it may not alwayswork. T20. It is indeed necessary to reconsider重新讨论how much we, as human beings, really understand about the nature of language and its role in our life. T21. Historical linguistics历史语言学is a synochronic study of language. F22.Ogden and Richards argue that the relation between a word and thing it refers to is not direct. T23. Gradable antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which differ in terms of degree while complementary antonymy is the sense relation between two antonyms which are complementary to each other. T24. A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful. F25. There is only one argument in the sentence “Children play basketball.” F26. Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.T27. Language is the unique 独特的possession所有物财产of human beings. F28. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. F29. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningfulsentences. F30. Traditional grammar lays emphasis on correctness正确性, linguistic excellence, the use of Latin models and the priority优先性of the spoken language. TⅢ. Briefly answer the following questions.1. What are the design features of language? Can you list the main features?P8It refers to the defining properties性质of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。