语言学样题

I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)

1. Linguistics is the scientific study of ____C___.

A. a particular language

B. the English language

C. human languages in general

D. the system of a particular language

2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: ___B____.

A. voiceless, bilabial, stop

B. voiceless清音, labiodental唇齿音, fricative摩擦音

C. voiced, bilabial双唇音, stop闭塞音

D. voiced浊音, labiodental, fricative

3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) ___C____.

A. derivational morpheme 派生词素

B. free morpheme 自由词素

C. inflectional morpheme 屈折词素

D. free form 自由形态

5. "I bought some roses" ____A___ "I bought some flowers".

A. entails

B. presupposes

C. is inconsistent with 不符合

D. is synonymous with 与同义

6. Y's utterance说话方式in the following conversation exchange violates 违犯冒犯the maxim of ___C_____.

X: Who was that you were with last night?

Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?

A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, ____C___, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed外来词, added, lost or altered改变.

A. phrases 短语

B. sentences

C. morphemes 词素

D. utterances 话语

8. Predication analysis 预测分析is a way to analyze ___D__ meaning.

A. phoneme

B. word

C. phrase

D. sentence

9.According to Searle，those illocutionary acts言外行为whose point is to commit承诺the speaker to some future course of action are called __A __.

A. commisives 承诺类

B. directives 指令类

C. expressives 表达类

D. declaratives 宣告类

18. The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other

name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates __A_.

A. the conventional 传统性nature of language

B. the creative nature of language

C. the universality of language 普遍性

D. the arbitrariness of language

19. Of the following sound combinations，only ___A____ is permissible 可允许的according to the

sequential rules in English.

A. kibl

B. bkil

C. ilkb

D. ilbk

20. Syntax句法学is the study of___B_____。

A. language functions

B. sentence structure

C. textual organization

D. word formation

21. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature区别性特征of human language? D

A. Arbitrariness

B. Productivity

C. Cultural transmission

D. Finiteness 有限性

22. The speech act theory 言语行为理论was first put forward by B

A. J ohn Searle

B. John Austin

C. Noam Chomsky

D.M.A.K Halliday

23. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion 概念观念of D

A. r eference

B. meaning

C. antonymy

D. context