语言学题库5

Exercise Five

I. Definition

Directions: Define the following terms in English

1. pragmatics

2. syntax

3. language acquisition

4. morphology

5. idiolect

II Blank filling

Directions: Fill in each blank in the following statements.

1. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ________ of that phoneme.

2. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as ________.

3. The type of inversion operation involving the movement of a word from the head position in one phrase into the head position in another is known as ________.

4. According to British linguist G. Leech, a predication consists of ________ and predicate.

5. V ocabulary change can include: addition of new words, ________, and changes in the meaning of words.

6. In some speech communities, two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play, and language switching occurs when the situation changes. This constitutes the situation of ________.

7. The study of sounds used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of ________.

8. Krashen put forward that learners advance their language learning gradually by receiving ________, which he de fined as “i + l”.

9. Generally four types of motivation have been identified: instrumental motivation, integrative motivation, resultative motivation, and ________ motivation.

10. ________, an important theory in the pragmatic study of language, was originated with the British philosopher John Austin in the late 50‟s of the 20th century.

III Multiple choice

Directions: There are four choices in each of the following statements. Choose the one that can best complete the statement.

1. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship—continually categorized as “______”.

A. tenor of discourse

B. mode of discourse

C. field of discourse

D. idiolect

2. According to words‟ struc tures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.

A. isolating

B. fusional

C. analytic

D. agglutinative

3. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.

A. Minimal pairs

B. Illocutionary acts

C. Social dialects

D. Adjacency pairs

4. The relation between “dead” and “alive” is labeled as ________.

A. gradability

B. complementarity

C. hyponymy

D. homonymy

5. The words “encore” and “au pair ” are loanwords from _______.

A. French

B. German

C. Italian

D. Spanish

6. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.

A. N. Chomsky

B. F. de Saussure

C. M. A. Halliday

D. J. Austin

7. Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?

A. native English words

B. borrowed words

C. echoic words

D. one-syllable words

8. Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]?

A. voiceless

B. oral

C. alveolar

D. lateral

9. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.

A. dental

B. alveolar

C. palatal

D. labiodental

10. In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.

A. affricates

B. fricatives

C. bilabial

D. oral stops

11.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” …A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‟ well illustrates _______.

A. the conventional nature of language

B. the creative nature of language

C. the universality of language

D. the big difference between human language and animal communication

12.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.

A. kibl

B. bkil

C. ilkb

D. ilbk

13.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".

A. hierarchical

B. linear

C. tree diagram

D. vertical

14.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.

A. Case Condition

B. parameter

C. Adjacent Condition

D. Adjacent Parameter

15.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A. phoneme

B. word

C. phrase

D. sentence

16.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.

A. commisives

B. directives

C. expressives

D. declaratives

17.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A. synchronic

B. diachronic

C. comparative

D. historical comparative

18.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title +last name, _______,and kin term.