《商务英语阅读》期末复习指导

合集下载

商务英语阅读期末复习提要

《商务英语阅读》期末复习提要本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和课程终结考试。

课程总成绩为百分制，形成性考核占40%，课程终结考试占60%。

形式为闭卷，笔答。

由省电大统一命题。

本次考试的题型、分值比例如下：Ⅰ. Multiple choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Accounting firms frequently __B__ their audit clients.A. buy management skills fromB. sell consulting services toC. provide audit assignment for2. People can buy stocks from ____B__.A. a secured marketB. securities marketsC. financial markets3. Real property is land and anything permanently attached to it. “It” here means ___C___.A. the propertyB. the owner of the landC. land4. We have a ____A____ to shared prosperity.A. commitmentB. commissionC. competition5. Businesses established in foreign countries should contribute to the social_ C__ of thosecountries.A. advancesB. advantageC. advancementⅡ. Match (10 points, 1 point for each)Section AChoose the correct word or words from the box to complete the passage:Choose the correct word or words from the box to complete the passagerejuvenating lead improvespending up persist in subordinated toIn leading the cause of socialism, the Communist Party of China must persist in taking economic development as the central task, making all other work subordinated to and serve this central task. We must lose no time in spending up economic development, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and that of sustainable development, give full play to the role of science and technology as the primary productive force. We must take advantage of the advancement of science and technology to improve the quality of workers and work hard to push forward the economy with good results, high quality and high speed.Section BChoose the correct word or words from the box to complete the following sentences: Internet technologies studymargin discount profit6. Marketing is about meeting consumer needs at a __profit_____.7. Economics is the study of how wealth is created and distributed.8. E-business is about transforming business processes and integrating them with Internet technologies9. Selling something at a reduced price is called giving a discount.10. The difference between costs and selling prices is the _ margin ________.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension (45 points, 3 points)Manners and CustomsChanges occurring in manners and customs must be carefully monitored, especially in cases that seem to indicate a narrowing of cultural differences among peoples. Phenomena such as McDonal d’s and Coke Cola have met with success around the world, but this does not mean that the world is becoming westernized. Modernization and westernization are not at all the same, as can be seen in Saudi Arabia, for example.Understanding manners and customs is especially important in negotiations, because interpretations based on one’s own frame reference may lead to a totally incorrect conclusion. Universal respect is needed in cross-cultural negotiation. To negotiate effectively abroad, all types of communication should be read correctly. Americans often interpret inaction and silence as negative signs. As a result, Japanese executives tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower prices or sweeten a deal. Even a simple agreement may take days to negotiate in the Middle East because the Arab party may want to talk about unrelated issue or do something else for a while. The aggressive style of Russian negotiators and their usual last-minute change requests may cause astonishment and concern on the part of ill-prepared negotiators.（t ）1. Different manners and customs should be paid attention to when doing international business.（f ）2. The success of McDonald’s and Coke means the world has been westernized.（t ）3. Americans consider doing nothing and keeping silent as the sign of disagreement.（f ）4. Japanese executives tend to expect that their silence can get Americans to lower process or sweeten a deal. “Sweeten a deal” always means to pay more money for the deal.（f ）5. Arab businessmen tend to concentrate on business during the process of negotiation.Ⅳ. Translate the following words into English (10 points, 1 point for each)1. 业绩评估performance evaluation2. 营销策略marketing strategy3. 明示担保express warranty4. 贸易差额balance of trade5. 组织文化organizational cultureV. Translate the following passage into Chinese (15 points)China’s membership in the World Trade Organization creates the potential for impressive gains in economic efficiency. Indeed the gains are likely to be greater than those predicted in most published quantitative estimates, since those studies do not capture fully the likely effect of more foreign competition on domestic firms. No doubt many jobs will be lost in a few sectors. But prospects for generating employment are bountiful as China benefits from the phase-out of arrangements restricting world trade in apparel, and as Taiwan, Mexico, the EU, and other marketsphase out and eliminate the WTO-inconsistent trade barriers they have maintained against a broad array of Chinese goods.。

商务英语阅读期末考试复习资料

《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题（课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇）1.entrepreneur 企业家2.specification 规格详述3.human resources 人力资源4.institution 机构5.orientation 方向，导向，新员工入职培训6.decline 消减，衰亡7.bonus 奖金unch 推出，投放市场munity 社区，共同体10.necessities （生活）必需品11.stock 股票12.liquidity 流动性，变现性13.risk 风险14.potential 潜在的15.act of God 不可抗力y off 使……下岗17.listed company 上市公司18.log on 登入、连接（上网）19.absolute interest 绝对产权20.keyboard skills 打字技能21.human resources 人力资源22.account for 解释某事物的原因，占……比例23.executive 高级管理人员，执行总裁24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标识25.administration 管理26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的28.industry 产业，行业29.ingredient 成分，要素30.securities 证券mission 佣金32.dividend 股息，红利33.mature 到期，成熟34.accounts receivable 应收账款35.job description 岗位描述36.letter of intent 意向书37.living wage 基本生活工资38.bar code 条形码39.acid test 决定性的考验40.executive 高管，主管41.administrative expenses 行政管理费用42.jet lag 飞机时差反应43.customized 用户化的，按客户要求定制的44.keep-fit market 保健市场45.lecture theatre 梯形教室，梯形报告厅46.local adaptation 本土化47.balance sheet 资产负债表48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体福利49.bill of lading 提单、提货单50.access fee 使用费二、单项选择题（课内）1.Factors of production refer to _______.A.natural resources and capitalbor and entrepreneursC.both A and B2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firmshould be __________.A. the sameB. differentC. similar3. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation4. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills5. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation6. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix7. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance8. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific9. A corporation can also obtain equity financing by selling securities directlyto current stockholders. “Equity” here means ______.A. reasonable qualityB. ordinary stocks and sharesC. principles of equality10.Most short-term financing is unsecured. “unsecured” here means _______.A.no interest chargeB.no collateral is requiredC.no bank loans11.The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as _______.A.capitalB.resourcesbor12. Organization charts show employees where they ______.A. start their workB. report to the bossC. fit into the company’s operation13. The basic management skills are ________.A.technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skillsB.performing skills, marketing skills and planning skillsanizing skills, controlling skills and leading skills14. ________ programs include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefit forworkers.A. CompensationB. MarketingC. Orientation15. The firm’s ________ covers all the products it offers for sale.A. product lineB. product lifeC. product mix16. _______ may be established based on costs, demands, the competitions’prices,or some combination of these.A. ProductsB. BrandsC. Prices17. A nation’s ______ is the difference between the flow of money into and outof the nation.A.balance of tradeB.balance of paymentsC.payment of balance18. China is in the _______ regional economy.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. Asia/Pacific19.People can buy stocks from _____.A.securities marketsB. a secure marketC.financial markets20. High-risk investment techniques can provide greater returns, but they entailgreater risk of loss. “Entail” here means _________.A. retailB. investC. involve（答案自己在书上找）三、阅读理解题（课外）Passage 1Global Recession Hits the Developing WorldBoth the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund expect the world economy to shrink this year for the first time since World War Two. As recently as January, the I.M.F. had predicted growth of one-half percent. But this week its chief, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, said the world has entered what he called “a great recession”.A new World Bank report says the recession may hurt the developing world the most. Those countries depend on trade for economic growth. But world trade is expected to fall at the fastest rate in eighty years.East Asia has been hardest hit. In February, exports from China fell twenty-six percent from a year ago.Rich nations are expected to borrow heavily in world credit markets to finance spending at home. But investors are demanding very high returns if they are willing to lend to the developing world at all. Jeff Chelsky, a World Bank senior economist, says investors are avoiding higher risk debt in a flight to quality.The bank estimates that up to three trillion dollars of public and private loans in developing countries must be repaid this year. Some nations have enough foreign currency reserves, but others will struggle to find new financing to pay their existing debts.The World Bank estimates that developing nations will need between two hundred seventy and seven hundred billion dollars in financing. The amount depends on the depth of the recession.The I.M.F. is seeking to expand its lending ability. And World Bank President Robert Zoellick has called on rich nations to put some of their economic recovery spending into a crisis fund to help poor countries.Bank economist Jeff Chelsky says the poorest countries are in the greatest danger. They cannot borrow in credit markets and they depend on exports of commodities like crops or minerals. But falling commodity prices mean they now depend more than ever on foreign aid.Finance ministers and central bankers from major industrial and developing countries meet this weekend outside London to discuss the financial crisis. President Obama wants all countries in the Group of Twenty to coordinate their separate efforts to strengthen their economies.There was some good news this week, including better-than-expected reports on spending by Americans in January and February. And financial stocks rose after Citigroup reported a profit for those two months.And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.1. According to the passage, the world economy will _______ for the first timethis year since the World War Two.A. developB. growC. expandD. become smaller2. _______may be hurt the most by the recession.A. the developing worldB. the developed countriesC. the rich countriesD. Asian countries3. Who are easier to borrow money in the world credit market?A. Rich nationsB. Poor countriesC. the World BankD. the International Monetary Fund4. What does the underlined “flight”mean in the fourth paragraph?A. travelB. flyingC. escapeD. movement through the air5.___________ has called on rich nations to help poor countries.A. President ObamaB. President Robert ZoellickC. Jeff ChelskyD. the International Monetary FundPassage 2A Rough Road for ToyotaToyota became the world's largest automaker in two thousand eight. But after years of building loyalty, the Japanese company may have put its quality brand name at risk, at least temporarily.Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the world because of cases where vehicles have sped up unexpectedly. Last August, a driver in California was unable to stop. The crash killed him and three of his family members.Toyota says the problem is rare and caused by accelerator pedals becoming stuck open. On January twenty-sixth, the company suspended sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the United States, its largest market. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.General Motors and Ford both reported increased sales in January. But Toyota sales in the United States have fallen, and so has its stock price. Toyota says it expects costs and lost sales from its recent safety recalls to total two billion dollars by the end of March.Louis Lataif spent twenty-seven years in the car industry at Ford. Now he is dean of the School of Management at Boston University.LOUIS LATAIF: “It’s Toyota’s biggest such recall. It’s voluntary incidentally, it’s not mandated. So, in that respect, they are doing something fairly bold, namely, taking the hit of shutting production and correcting the vehicles that are in inventory on which they have stopped sales.”A recall late last year involved floor mats that Toyota said could cause the accelerator to get stuck. One of the vehicles in the floor mat recall was the Prius, the world’s top selling hybrid.Now American officials are investigating the brake system on the twenty ten Prius. The Transportation Department says it has received more than one hundred twenty reports, including reports of four crashes.Toyota says it found a software problem that could briefly affect the “feel” of the anti-lock brakes on rough or slippery roads. It says it fixed the brake problem last month.But a growing number of legal cases claim Toyota knew for a long time about the sudden acceleration issue with other vehicles. The problem reportedly has led to more than eight hundred crashes and nineteen deaths in the past ten years. Congress is preparing for hearings.Greg Bonner is a marketing professor at Villanova University. He says to regain trust, Toyota will have to make public everything it knows about the problems and show it accepts responsibility.The recall has also intensified questions about all the computer control systems used in modern cars.6. Toyota may have put its quality brand name at risk because__________.A. vehicles have sped up unexpectedlyB. last August, a driver in California was unable to stop.C. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldD. All of the above.7. Which of the following ways is not one Toyota solves its problem about accelerator pedals?A. Toyota stopped sales of eight of its top-selling vehicles in the UnitedStatesB. Toyota is recalling millions of cars and trucks around the worldC. Toyota increased salesD. Toyota dealers have been receiving parts to make repairs.8. Whose sales decreased in January?A. General MotorsB. FordC. General Motors and FordD. Toyota9. From what Louis Lataif said about Toyota, we can infer that _________.A. Toyota didn’t solve its problem positively.B. Louis Lataif didn’t think that Toyota solved its problem properly.C. Louis Lataif thought highly of Toyota’s way of solving its problem.D. Toyota couldn’t solve its problem.10. The underlined word in the last paragraph “intensify” means ________.A. increase in degreeB. decrease in degreeC. make the questions more tenseD. become more intensePassage 3Stock Sectors - How to Classify StocksOne of the ways investors classify stocks is by type of business. The idea is to put companies in similar industries together for comparison purposes. Most analysts and financial media call these groupings “sectors” and you will often read or hear about how certain sector stocks are doing.One of the most common classification breaks the market into 11 different sectors. Investors consider two of these sectors “defensive” and the remaining nine “cyclical.” Let’s look at these two categories and see what they mean for the individual investor.DefensiveDefensive stocks include utilities and consumer staples. These companies usually don’t suffer as much in a market downturn because people don’t stop using energy or eating. They provide a balance to portfolios and offer protection in a falling market.However, for all their safety, defensive stocks usually fail to climb with a rising market for the opposite reasons they provide protection in a falling market: people don’t use significantly more energy or eat more food.Defensive stocks do exactly what their name implies, assuming they are well run companies. They give you a cushion for a soft landing in a falling market.Cyclical stocksCyclical stocks, on the other hand, cover everything else and tend to react to a variety of market conditions that can send them up or down, however when one sector is going up another may be going down.Here is a list of the nine sectors considered cyclical:∙Basic Materials∙Capital Goods∙Communications∙Consumer Cyclical∙Energy∙Financial∙Health Care∙Technology∙TransportationMost of these sectors are self-explanatory. They all involve businesses you can readily identify. Investors call them cyclical because they tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.Basic materials, for example, include those items used in making other goods – lumber, for instance. When the housing market is active, the stock of lumber companies will tend to rise. However, high interest rates might put a damper on home building and reduce the demand for lumber.How to UseStocks sectors are helpful sorting and comparison tools. Don’t get hung up on using just one organization’s set of sectors, though. uses slightly different sectors in its tools, which let you compare stocks within a sector.This is extremely helpful, since one of the ways to use sector information is to compare how your stock or a stock you may want to buy, is doing relative to other companies in the same sector.If all the other stocks are up 11% and your stock is down 8%, you need to find out why. Likewise, if the numbers are reversed, you need to know why your stock is doing so much better than others in the same sector –maybe its business model has changed and it shouldn’t be in that sector any longer.ConclusionYou never want to be making investment decisions in a vacuum. Using sector information, you can see how a stock is doing relative to its peers and that will help you understand whether you have a potential winner or loser.11. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a falling market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks12. According to this passage, an investor should buy _____________in a rising market.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staples13. ______________sectors belong to cyclical stocks.A. 11B.2C.9D.314. Utilities and consumer staples belong to _______________.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. technology stocksD. transportation stocks15. ___________tend to move up and down in relation to businesses cycles or other influences.A. cyclical stocksB. defensive stocksC. stocks of utilitiesD. stocks of consumer staplesPassage 1America's biggest carmaker accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bush administrations. People joked that GM meant "Government Motors." Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery.The company recorded over two and a half billion dollars in profit in the first half of the year. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout. Canada is also a shareholder. But now GM plans to sell stock to the public again.GM spent just forty days in bankruptcy. It sought protection from its creditors in June of last year. GM restructured. It discontinued some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.In April, GM repaid almost seven billion dollars in government loans. Many of its creditors are waiting to see how much they get.GM plans an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this year. The company could raise as much as fifteen billion dollars.Chief executive Edward Whitacre is leaving September first. He wants the government to sell all of its shares in the company during the IPO. Many experts believe the Treasury will act slowly over time after the public offering is completed.If the stock price rises, the government could profit from the rescue. But the IPO is risky for the company. The offering will test the willingness of investors to take an equity share in the “new GM”.Buying equity is not like buying bonds. Bonds represent a loan. Equity represents ownership. Investors willing to buy equity shares in a company expect one thing -- growth.GM believes it can make that happen, in part with a new electric-and-gas hybrid.COMMERCIA L: “Chevy Volt, a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all. That's an American revolution.”The Volt is expected to start arriving in showrooms later this year.GM is also looking overseas. The world's fastest growing car markets are in developing nations. GM is now selling more cars in China than in the United States. GM still leads the American market, though Toyota is now the biggest car company in the world.There are signs that America's big three may have put the worst of their recent troubles behind them.Chrysler also went through bankruptcy and says its sales are up. Italy's Fiat holds a twenty percent share.Ford Motor Company avoided bankruptcy and refused government help. Ford reported close to five billion dollars in profit for the first six months of the year.1. America’s biggest carmaker is _________________.A. ToyotaB. ChryslerC. GMD. Ford Motor Company2. GM stands for __________.A. Government MotorsB. General MotorsC. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B3. People joked that GM meant “Government Motors” because _____________.A. The government still owns sixty-one percent of GM as a result of the bailout.B. They accepted fifty billion dollars in federal aid from the Obama and Bushadministrations.C. Both A and BD. Neither A Nor B4. Now, General Motors could be on the road to recovery. It plans ___________.A. to restructure.B. an IPO, an initial public offering of stock, later this yearC. to seek protection from its creditors.D. to discontinue some vehicles and closed dealerships and factories.5. According to the passage, what is not true about Chevy Volt?A. GM believes it will bring profit growth.B. It is a new electric-and-gas hybrid.C. It is a car that can go up to forty miles before it uses any gas at all.D. It has been produced.Passage 2The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recen t paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-authorVijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions ().The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our comp uters that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that has landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.”For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything —from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.Questions:6. The passage was most likely to be quoted from______.A.an overview of a paperB.an introduction to a bookC. a book on digital revolutionD. a paper discussing digital revolution7. The paper mentioned in this paper was written by______.A.Jerry WindB.Vijay MahajanC.Jerry Wind and Vijay MahajanD.an anonymous8. From the third paragraph, we can infer that______.A.the customers are also reprogrammed by computersB.e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumersC.cyber consumers are a group of strange peopleD.cyber consumers came from outer space9. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers______.A.are more difficult to satisfyB.have less knowledge about businessC.have more problems with pricesD.are less willing to buy products and services10. What is mainly discussed in the passage? ______A.digital revolutionB.digital marketingC.cyber consumersD.the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricingPassage 3Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties toobtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome –without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.Questions:11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.A. Greek income and expendituresB. The improving economic situation in GreeceC. The value of tourismD. Military expenditures12. Many peasants earn less than _________.A. $60 a weekB. $2 a weekC. $1 a dayD. $10 a month13. The Greek Government spends __________.A. more than 25%of its budget on military termsB. More than its collectsC. A third of a billion dollars in goldD. Less than 25% of its budget on military terms14. According to the passage, Greece has _________.A. a dictatorshipB. a monarchyC. a single majority partyD. too much red tape15. Greece imports annually goods and materials __________.A. totaling almost $700 millionB. that balance exportsC. that are paid by touristsD. costing $66 million四、篇章翻译题（课外）Passage A纳斯达克开设北京代表处随着各方吸引迅速增长的中国公司赴海外上市的争夺战愈演愈烈，纳斯达克(Nasdaq)昨日成为最新一个在北京开设代表处的全球证交所。

国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习

Unit 1~2Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff 配额和关税Government intervention 政府干预Zero-sum game 零和博弈Positive-sum game 常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论）Economies of scale 规模经济Diminishing returns 收益递减规律Green revolution 绿色革命Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制Deposit 佣金First mover advantage 先占优势Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit 信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票）Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口）Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差）It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损）Absolute Advantage 绝对优势Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free TradeThe Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。

商务英语期末考试重要知识点

第一题翻译选择；第二题短语互译；第三题阅读；第四题完型填空1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。

2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller").本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。

3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。

商务英语阅读理解技巧分享

商务英语阅读理解技巧分享商务英语阅读理解技巧分享商务英语是现代社会中越来越重要的一项技能，具备良好的商务英语能力可以帮助我们在国际商务场景中更顺利地交流和合作。

而阅读理解是商务英语中的重要环节之一，在商务文档、合同、报告等各类资料中都需要进行准确而有效的阅读理解。

本文将分享一些商务英语阅读理解的技巧，帮助读者更好地掌握这一重要能力。

一、了解常见商务英语词汇在进行商务英语阅读理解时，我们首先要了解并熟悉一些常见的商务英语词汇。

这些词汇通常包括公司名称、职务名称、商业术语、行业名词等。

比如，我们需要了解"incorporated"表示公司成立的意思，"CEO"表示首席执行官，"revenue"表示收入等。

通过熟悉这些常用词汇，可以帮助我们更准确地理解商务文档的内容。

二、抓住关键信息在商务英语阅读理解中，抓住关键信息是很重要的。

首先，我们要读懂文档的标题、副标题等，了解文章的主题和大致内容。

其次，我们要仔细阅读每一段落的开头和结尾，这些地方通常包含了该段落的主要信息和要点。

另外，我们还要注意文档中的关键词、数字和例子，这些信息通常对理解文章起到关键作用。

通过有针对性地阅读关键部分，可以帮助我们更好地理解商务文档。

三、划分段落结构商务英语文章通常有清晰的段落结构，我们可以通过划分段落结构来帮助理解文章。

首先，我们要注意段落的开头，开头通常会交代该段落的主题或者提出一个问题。

然后，我们要注意段落中的过渡句和连接词，这些句子可以帮助我们理解该段的逻辑关系。

最后，我们要关注段落的结尾，结尾通常会总结该段的要点或者提出其他相关问题。

通过划分段落结构，可以更好地理解商务文档的逻辑和信息脉络。

四、注意修饰语和语态转换在商务英语阅读理解中，修饰语和语态的使用需要格外注意。

修饰语一般位于名词或者形容词前面，用来补充或者限制名词或者形容词的含义。

而语态转换则是指将主动语态转换为被动语态或者反过来。

商务英语阅读考试复习重点

商务英语阅读考试复习重点第⼀单元财经⼀、学习⽬的与要求通过本单元学习，认知商贸英语⽂章的内在逻辑关系，帮助学⽣提⾼阅读理解的能⼒，了解国际财经概况。

⼆、考核知识点与考核⽬标（⼀）课内训练（重点）识记：1. When Banker’s Bets Go Bad银⾏家的猜测落空名词解释：OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 通货监理局Alan Greenspan 艾伦·格林斯潘，美联储主席句⼦翻译：1)The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million.2)We’re considering strategies that make the most sense if rates are going up much more aggressively and sooner than anticipated.2. Creating Government Financing Programs for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China中国为中⼩型企业提供政府财政援助项⽬名词解释：Labor-intensive 劳动密集型SME: small and medium-sized enterprise 中⼩型企业SOE: state-owned enterprises 国有企业句⼦翻译：In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of theChinese economic.（⼆）阅读技巧（次重点）应⽤：阅读的逻辑技巧（三）课外练习（⼀般）理解：1.Carlyle Group’s Asian Invasion加雷集团的亚洲扩张名词解释：Venture-capital 风险资本Carlyle Group 凯雷投资集团Citigroup 花旗集团2. Why the Dollar Is Blooming Again为什么美元再次复兴？名词解释：Greenback 美元（俚语）Lehman Brothers Inc 雷曼兄弟公司European Central Bank 欧洲中央银⾏Federal Reserve Bank 美国联邦储备银⾏（四）拓展阅读（⼀般）理解：1. How Banks Pretty up the Profit Picture银⾏如何美化收益前景2. Thai Stocks What Goes Up 泰国股市：到底是怎么了？3. Inventing to Order 以市场为导向开发产品4. I t’s an Office Party in Hong Kong⾹港办公楼地价之争第⼆单元⼈⼒资源管理⼀、学习⽬的与要求通过本单元学习，掌握商务英语阅读中的快速阅读技巧，了解⼈⼒资源管理概况。

商务英语阅读部分解题技巧

商务英语阅读部分解题技巧1、阅读搭配类明确主旨以及基本点。

搭配这种题型一般有着5篇的小文章，然后需要你对选项和短文进行搭配，这就需要你对于每一篇小文章有一个总体上的把握，即了解清楚其主旨和基本点。

具体的解题思路就可以是注意每一篇的第一句，弄清楚每篇小文章的大致方向，然后进一步深入阅读，在阅读的过程中，注意标注好一些表明主旨以及基本点的句子。

这样可以保证自己在搭配的环节上，更加地高效和准确。

2、阅读填空部分注意前后逻辑。

如果说阅读填空部分注重的是对于逻辑思维的把握的话，那对于中国考生来说，这一部分还是有一定的难度的。

在西方的思维里面，在行文的时候都是讲究一定的逻辑性的，所以我们能够很轻易地抓住句子与句子之间的'关系，也能够根据句子的意思搞清楚前后之间的关系，所以一般在英文阅读材料里面，可以发现大量的连接词。

而在中文思维里面，则句子与句子之间的关系不是那么的强。

所以平时在做阅读训练的时候，就应该注意英语思维的培养。

3、阅读理解部分略读与详读相结合。

商务英语阅读部分篇幅比较长，因此在做题的时候，充分利用好略读与详读的技巧。

通过略读搞清楚句子与句子之间的关系，通过详读从而弄明白每一段以及整篇商务英语文章的主旨。

很多题型其实都是有章可循的，只要平时做好方法的总结这些问题都是可以迎刃而解，不需要耗费自己大量的考试时间。

4、掌握好商务英语基础知识其实做好商务英语阅读的核心就是确保自己掌握好了各种商务英语的基础知识，专业词汇、知识背景等方面都需要一个详细的了解，这样才能保证自己的临场应变能力，整个阅读的过程也才会更加的顺畅。

所以平时要多做一些阅读训练，通过精读与泛读的方式，不断提升自身的阅读水平。

商务英语阅读期末复习要点

currency fluctuationCEOprogressive payment customs dutystrike pricecost reductionforeign exchange reserve intelligent logistic network open accountboard of directorsspot exchange rategross weighteconomic meltdown capital flowprimary market severance payenergy intensivebonusreserve requirements collateralinterest rate liberalization fiscal policecorporate governance turnovershareholder general meeting time depositequity ownershipbulk commoditytax cutsgovernment spending年度预算保税仓线上支付系统预付公募私募证券市场世界贸易组织回报率绩效评估招募人员本国货币公司高管资本流失汇率波动首席执行官按施工进度分批付款关税成交价压缩成本外汇储备智能物流网络赊销董事会即期汇率毛重经济衰退现金流一级市场遣散费能源密集型奖金存款准备金要求抵押利率自由化财政政策公司治理营业额股东大会定期存款股权所有散装货税收降低政府支出annual budget bounded warehouseon- line payment system payment in advance public placement private placement securities marketWTOrate of return performance appraisal recruitmentdomestic currency company senior manager capital flight基本利率公开市场操作实体经济金融市场光票托收养老金抵押贷款货币投机贴现率贬值恶性通膨基本工资贸易区域流通票据提单银行信用prime lending rate open market operations entity economy financial market clean collection pensionmortgage loan currency speculation discount rate depreciation hyperinflationbase paytrade block negotiable instrument bill of ladingbank credit1.The importer should have the knowledge that the exchange control authorities in his country will permit advance payment to be made.进口人应该知道本国外汇管制当局准许使用提前支付的形式支付货款。

商务交际英语（1）期末复习指导.doc

商务交际英语（1）期末复习指导.doc(2009.06.10)商务交际英语(1)期末复习指导(⽂本)杨启宁：商务英语教学：看来电⼤系统的英语教师们在商务英语教学⽅⽽积累了很多经验, 希望⼤家能踊跃参加讨论，介绍⾃⼰的宝贵经验！杨启宁：Hope someone can join us.李艳勤：Ii would like to join in ,what should Ii do ?刘世伟：I think we can benefit from this discussion.杨启宁：第⼀章与第⼆章学习过⽊课程的学⽣经常对于这两章的内容感到不好把握，认为这两章内容太细了，概念乂多，是在难以抓住学习重点。

第⼀章介绍了交际的定义，为什么⼈类要有交际活动？交际活动中重要参与者都是谁？他们怎样进⾏交际活动？这样捋⼀下，对于理解学习内容是否令帮助？杨启宁：欢迎评论！李艳勤：交际的定义是不是瑕好都记下呢？王姣：如果⼈与⼈这间没有了交流，你能想象得到这个世界会变成什么样吗？刘世伟：Thank you for your summary.周可宝：是的，现在的学⽜⽐原来很不⼀样，很多学⽣⽐较浮躁，上课的时候只耍要考试巫点，我们有时候真是⽆能为⼒。

阿呵杨启宁：第三、四、五、六章接下来的这四章的教学内容都是有关商务交际活动中的具体技能。

曾经有同学问过，为什么这么多写作的内容？殊不知，写作，尤其是写出复合规范的商务⽂体，这是交际活动中最为重要的⼀项技能。

俗话说，⼝说⽆凭，尤其是涉及经济利益的商务活动，更需要⽤载体记录。

E-mail的写作，备忘录的写作，商务信函的写作，会议⽂件的写作，都是商务活动中最基本的技能，也是我们在学习中要掌握的技能。

杨启宁：这部分内容难点在哪⼉呢?李艳勤：⽤英⽂写!!还有那些格式.周可宝：杨⽼师的准备很充分，觉得这样的讨论对于梳理学习要点很有帮助。

刘世伟：商务交际英语（1）的⽹上资源杨⽼师，您好。

商务交际英语（1）的⽹上资源有哪些？能否介绍⼀下？周可宝：You can just go to the course site and open the links as you want.杨启宁：Welcome! This afternoon, we are going to talk about English & Communication for Colleges. Welcome everyone to join us.周可宝：today's schedule is busy, we have so many courses at the same time to comunicate.杨启宁：You are right. Hope you can cope with.周⼩梁：Professor Yang, I'm sony I'm late. I tried to make it.杨启宁：You are welcome!周⼩梁：To be frank, I think the materials for preparing for final exams are needed desperately.周⼩梁：I mean, for us,the provincial and municipal universites.周⼩梁：So I'm here to ask for your help, professor Yang.周⼩梁：So I'm here to ask for your help, professor Yang.杨启宁：周⽼师：您能将贵校学⽣的学习难点介绍⼀下吗？可以发新帖。

商务英语阅读期末复习重点句子

1、But they’re also issued orders that would be seen improper “intervention” in the West—for example, calling last week on state industries, including steel and construction, to “actively increase” their roles in the economy by buying up new assets at home and abroad .但他们也发布在西方国家眼里是不合理的干涉的命令，例如，上周中国官员召集包括钢铁建筑等行业的国有行业并购国内外新资产以积极发挥在经济中的作用。

2、This balance between free and managed markets can also be seen in China’s approach to price fixing and macro-economic control in key sectors like financial services, telecoms, utilities and energy. Some of these industries are partially privatized—in telecoms, equipment markets are open to foreigners, because they bring capital and expertise that eventually trickles down to local firms, like the now internationally competitive Huawei. But the more lucrative services market is still run by authorities, who set prices on mobile-phone calls.这个这个平衡自由和管理市场中也能看到在关键领域如金融服务、电信、公用事业和能源中用中国的方法来操纵价格和宏观经济控制。

商务英语期末考试重要知识点.（推荐阅读）

商务英语期末考试重要知识点.（推荐阅读）第一篇：商务英语期末考试重要知识点.第一题翻译选择;第二题短语互译;第三题阅读;第四题完型填空1.Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。

2.This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co.Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America(hereinafter called t he “Purchaser”, and Wingo Co.Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter called the “Seller”.本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司 [以下简称买方 ]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司 [以下简称卖方 ]之间于 2002年 3月 7日订立。

3.Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。

商务英语阅读高分技巧

Similarly, all businesses have common structural operating components, each of which has a specific purpose. Each component must fulfill its own purpose while simultaneously fitting in with the others. And just like automobiles made by different companies, the way these components look and fit together varies from company to company. Thus, we will define organizational structure as the specification of the jobs to be done within a business and how those jobs relate to one another. Every institution—be it a for-profit company or a government agency—must develop the most appropriate structure for its own unique situation. What works for Texas Instruments will not work for the U.S. Department of
今后的职业前途打下扎实的语言和专业方面的基础。的基础。但是本课程也是比较难的一门课程。但是本课程也是比较难的一门课程。其学习难点在于：语言理解和专业知识的理解；难点在于：1. 语言理解和专业知识的理解；利用所学的专业知识和专业语言， 2. 利用所学的专业知识和专业语言，从事国际商务交际活动。际商务交际活动。由于英语系学生受所学专业及所修课程知识的限制，业及所修课程知识的限制，他们缺乏国际经济和基础国际贸易专业方面的知识，济和基础国际贸易专业方面的知识，加之实践经验的缺乏，践经验的缺乏，也使得他们不可能对经济贸易方面专业性较强的内容有感性方面的认识，所以他们在理

商务英语阅读期末总结

商务英语阅读期末总结IntroductionThe study of Business English Reading has been extremely beneficial in developing various language skills and improving overall reading comprehension. Throughout the course, we have learned to understand and analyze business texts, as well as interpret different writing styles and rhetorical strategies used in business communication. This final summary aims to reflect on the key concepts and skills acquired during the course, examine their practical applications, and assess personal growth as a business English learner.Key Concepts and SkillsA crucial concept emphasized during the course was the importance of reading for specific purposes in the business context. Skimming and scanning techniques were introduced to efficiently extract relevant information from texts, reducing reading time. Learning to identify main ideas, supporting details, and key vocabulary became essential skills. In addition, we were taught how to anticipate content by examining headings, subheadings, and topic sentences, helping us to comprehend the overall structure and message of a text. Furthermore, the course emphasized the need to understand the various writing styles and genres used in business communication. This included understanding the tone and purpose of different types of texts, such as business letters, reports, and memos. We learned to adapt our reading strategies accordingly, whether it required a more analytical approach for reports or a more persuasive approach for proposals. This flexibility in reading styles has proven to be valuable in comprehending and responding to different types of business communication.Practical ApplicationsThe skills acquired in Business English Reading have numerous practical applications in real-world business scenarios. One major application is in job hunting and career development. Job seekers are often required to read and understand job postings, job descriptions, and company profiles. Precise and thorough reading skills are essential for interpreting job requirements and aligning personal qualifications with employer expectations. In addition, reading industry-related news and analysis helps professionals stay updated with the latest trends and developments, enhancing their professional competence.Another practical application is in business negotiations and decision-making. Reading business reports, market analysis, and financial statements enables managers and executives to make informed decisions based on accurate information. Furthermore, interpreting legal documents and contracts requires sharp reading skills, ensuring that terms and conditions are fully understood and appropriately negotiated.Personal GrowthAs a business English learner, I have experienced personal growth in various areas throughout the course. Firstly, my reading speed and efficiency have significantly improved. By adopting techniques such as skimming and scanning, I can extract key information from texts more quickly, allowing me to cover a larger volume of material in a shorter time. This skill is particularly valuable in today's fast-paced business environment, where professionals are expected to process an ever-increasing amount of information. Secondly, I have developed a better understanding of business writing styles and communication strategies. By studying different texts and analyzing their structures and language use, I have become more proficient in composing business emails, reports, and presentations. This has not only improved my written communication skills but also enhanced my ability to decipher the intended meaning behind different types of business texts.Lastly, my critical thinking and analytical skills have been sharpened through the analysis of business texts. By evaluating arguments, identifying biases, and judging the credibility of information, I have become more adept at making sound judgments and decisions. This skill is essential in various aspects of business, such as market research, competitor analysis, and strategic planning.ConclusionIn conclusion, the study of Business English Reading has equipped me with crucial skills for comprehending, analyzing, and responding to various business texts. The key concepts and skills learned during the course have numerous practical applications in real-world business scenarios, such as job hunting, career development, negotiations, and decision-making. Personally, I have experienced growth in terms of reading efficiency, understanding business writing styles, and developing critical thinking skills. Overall, this course has been instrumental in enhancing my abilities as a business English learner and has laid a strong foundation for future career success.。

商务英语阅读怎么做

商务英语阅读怎么做抓住中心和基本点5篇100字左右的小短文，8个选项，选择出各个选项属于哪篇短文论述的内容。

这部分主要是考查考生迅速找出短文M ain Idea 的能力。

正确的做题方法是先读提示第一句，把握5篇短文共同论述的大致范围。

然后直接阅读短文。

阅读的时候，用笔在考卷上划出"一个中心，两个基本点'。

"一个中心'指短文的中心思想M ain Idea。

"两个基本点'是除M ain Idea以外重要的、十分特别的论点。

从5篇短文中找出15个左右的考点，解题的速度可大大提升。

句子填空题：弄清逻辑上的衔接这部分对我国考生而言有很高的难度，因为它考查了中国人说话写文章最缺少严密的逻辑性。

西文，尤其是商务文章极其讲究逻辑的缜密性，中心思想明确，意群(段)之间有清楚的逻辑关系，句与句之间紧密相连。

知道了这样的思维差异，在解题时便有了方向：通过各种衔接手段来解题。

词汇的衔接、语法的衔接，最重要的是逻辑上的衔接。

其实，任何两句话之间的逻辑关系不外乎两种状况：不是顺着意思讲下去(顺接)就是意思发生了转折(逆接)。

推断空格前后句之间的顺逆接关系，再寻找正确的选项解题就容易多了。

平常考生在做阅读训练的时候要特别注意句子之间的逻辑关系。

阅读理解题：跳跃式阅读这部分其实是前两部分的综合。

在读文章时只必须抓住文章和各段的M ain Idea即可，有较强阅读能力的考生尽可能地快速读出句子之间的逻辑关系，而细节内容一律略去。

用这种"跳跃式阅读法'效果很好。

解题时，同学要放松心态，因为题目不难，只是在做一个"定位+同义词、近义词'游戏罢了。

值得注意的是这部分与四六级及〔考研〕阅读理解题不同，BEC阅读理解题目不能过细地去推敲，正确选项一般都是原句+改写。

2怎么提升商务英语阅读1.阅读题抓住中心一般的考试，都会有5篇的阅读题，选择出每个选项属于哪篇短文论述的内容。

商务英语阅读复习进入中国市场的步骤

商务英语阅读复习进入中国市场的步骤Overseas funds will mainly enter the Chinese market through the following steps:Legal channels of foreign direct investment.Second, to use China's current account convertibility to enter the Chinese mon ways include false import and export price report, payment in advance, delayed foreign exchange payment fraud, parallel loans, after advance error and borrowing foreign debt.In addition to enterprises, it was quite common for individuals to flow the capital account into the current account through personal foreign exchange remittance, in three cases: (1) the exchange of foreign exchange into the capital or income of the country; (2) the foreign investors transfer the capital of the foreign investment corporation in the name of personal donations, and the settlement is zero as the working capital of the enterprise.Third, take foreign-funded enterprises in China as the channel. Through the establishment of investment companies or production subsidiaries and joint venture companies in China, or in the name of buildingjoint venture and sole proprietorship projects, in the form of registered capital or capital increase of the enterprise, to collect foreign exchange from abroad and handle the settlement of foreign exchange.(2) It is through the shareholder loans of the foreign-invested enterprises, that is, the foreign-invested enterprises to make foreign short-term loans in the form of shareholder loans. (3) Domestic foreign-funded enterprises cooperate with overseas affiliated enterprises with each other to facilitate the entry of overseas funds by means of temporary receivables, advance payment and export delay, etc.4. Foreign exchange loans and foreign exchange settlement through domestic enterprises.V. Independent capital allocation of domestic, Chinese and foreign capital banks.Vi. Capital market channels.Domestic capital has the following ways of making overseas investment and overseas financing: At present, domestic enterprises mainly make overseas investment by means of direct investment, overseas loan and trade credit.In addition to the use of trade credit advance payment and deferred payment for overseas investment, enterprises also often choose overseas equity financing,overseas debt financing and overseas listing for foreign exchange financing.However, in the face of enterprises' foreign exchange financing needs, the foreign exchange financing services provided by domestic banks are slightly inferior, and the level of supporting the real economy needs to be further improved.The convenience brought by the establishment of free trade zones: foreign ships are allowed to enter and leave freely, foreign goods are imported from free, and the quota control on import goods is cancelled.Raw materials, parts, semi-finished products and finished products can be freely entered and exported in the area. In the area can conduct commercial activities such as import and export trade, entrepot trade, bonded storage, commodity exhibition, manufacturing, disassembly, modification, labeling, classification, and mixed processing with other goods.。

商务英语考试阅读专项辅导

XX年商务英语考试阅读专项辅导游手好闲的学习并不比学习游手好闲好。

以下是为大家搜索的xx年阅读专项辅导，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other unfortable, sometimes without realizing it Most Americans 1 out of the country and have very 2 experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy 3 new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names 4 most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that 5 you unfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will 6 your honesty and try not to take you unfortable again. And you’ll all 7 something about another culture!Many travelers find 8 easier to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just e up and introduce themselves or even invite you over 9 they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be 10. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just 11 a good time. Just like anywhere else, it takes time to bee real friends 12 people in the U.S.If and when you 13 American friends, they will probably 14 introducing you to their friends and family, and if theyseem proud 15 you, it’s probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it!1. A) have never been B) have been never C) has never been D) has been never2. A) a little B) little C) much D) a great deal3. A) meet B) to meet Cㄘmeeting D) to have met4. A) on B) among C) within D) in5. A) makes B) make C) made D) making6. A) praise B) honor C) appreciate D) confirm7. A) pick B) select C) learn D) study8. A) this B) it C) them D) /9. A) when B) if C)after D)before10. A) superficially friend B) superficial friend C) superficially friendly D) superficial friendly11. A) having B) taking C) making D) killing12. A) with B) among C) to D) in13. A) get along with B) get rid of C) stay away from D) stay with14. A) hate B) forbid C) avoid D) enjoy15. A) to know B) knowing C) know D) having known。