动词几种变化形式

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词语变化一,动词

1.第三人称单数

用于一般现在时的句子,当动词在第三人称后时:

2.动词过去式变化规则

一、规则动词(Regullar Verbs) 的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:

1. 一般的直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned

2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved smile--smiled; hope--hoped.

注意:ie结尾动词,直接加d: died;tied.

3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped planned;

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married worried; studied.

注意:规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:

在浊辅音和元音后面[d]

called [kɔ:ld] borrowed[bɒrəʊd] moved[mu:vd]

在清辅音后面[t] helped[helpt] passed[pa:st]

在[t] [d]音后面[id] started['sta:tid] counted['kauntid]

needed['ni:did] counted['kauntid]补充说明:

二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法:

1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat read—read must--must

2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent

3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt

4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)

5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt sweep—swept

6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:come—came become—became sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank

7.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:

bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught 8.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:

drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote

9.动词原形中的e改为o,如:

get—got,forget—forgot

10.动词原形中的ee改为e,如:

feed—fed,meet—met

11.动词原形中的eak改为oke,如:

break—broke,speak—spoke

12.动词原形中的ell改为old,如:

sell—sold,tell—told

13.动词原形中的an改为oo,如:

stand—stood,understand—understood

14.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:

can—could,shall—should,will—would

15.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:

hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕16.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:

am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took

3.动词现在分词的变化规则:

1. 一般在动词末尾直接加ing

2. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e, 再加ing

如: skate --- skating have --- having ride --- riding come --- coming make --- making dance --- dancing write --- writing

3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,

应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing

如:

putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting

4. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie变成y再加ing

如:lie --- lying tie --- tying die --- dying

二.名词单复数规则变化:

一、规则变化

1、一般在名词词尾加s,

①map—maps地图,bird—birds鸟,orange—oranges 桔子,bike—bikes自行车;

2、以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es,

①box—boxes盒子,class—classes班级,watch—watches手表,dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具;3、以O结尾的名词后面加s或es

4、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es ①baby—babies婴儿family—families家庭;以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s ①boy—boys男孩toy—toys 玩具;

5、以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为ves ①knife—knives小刀wife—wives妻子leaf —leaves树叶

6、以o 结尾的无生命的+s, 有生命的+es

photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes土豆

二、不规则变化

child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women

单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 鱼羊鹿中国人日本人

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