苏大研究生英语整理
苏州大学_研究生英语读写佳境_选词填空
Unit 11. If you are trying to learn another language, you can’t allow your inhibitions(拘束感) tocontrol our progress. You must be confident and willing to make mistakes.2. Nigel tells some quite incredulous(不可信的) stories sometimes. I never know when tobelieve him.3. When traveling to certain tropical countries, find out what diseases are endemic (地方性的)to the region and take the necessary medications.4. When Olivia, whose grandparents are from Spain, visited the country for the first time, shehad an eerie (怪异的)feeling that she had been there before.5. Although traveling can be exhausting, I always feel exhilarated (兴奋的)when I arrive in anew country.6. After spending several days hiking across the mountains with little food and water, Chen’sspeech was slurred and he did not appear lucid.(明白的)7. Every New Year’s Eve, James loves to get decked out (装扮)in his party hat and clothes.8. There are many amazing places to see in Egypt, but the Temple of Karnac, in Luxor, iscertainly one of the most awe-inspiring (令人惊叹的)sights I have ever seen.9. We planned to have a barbecue last night, but the temperature plummeted (垂直下落)inthe afternoon so we ended up eating indoors with the heater turned on.10. I’ve found that in most countrie s the local people are quite gracious. (亲切的，有礼貌的)They want visitors to leave with wonderful impressions of their country.Unit 21. Green plants elaborate(使简单的物质合成) organic(有机体) compounds from inorganicby means of photosynthesis（光合作用）.2. Many court cases in the past 15 years havs shown that a competent physician who carriesout euthanasia(安乐死) will suffer no prosecution(起诉).3. Euthanasia has been a very controversial(有争议的) issur in Europe since at least 1936.4. The facts he had collected through on-the-spot(当场) observation provided him withammunition(论证，事实根据) for his argument.5. We will never take compassion(怜悯) on snake-like scoundrels(恶棍).6. 76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response. (反应)7. John’s arthritis(关节炎) is getting so unbearable these days that he has to behospitalized(送医院，使留医).8. Hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged up within him. (兴起的，高涨的)9. Despite some exceptions, compassionate killings are dealt with very moderately in Britishcourts. (适度的，有节制的)10. The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that they are regardedas quite radical in some European countries. (热情)Unit 31. Very many of the things we bend over backwards(拼命) to do involve taking some risk.2. Joe said that the first time he was at the conference he was just like a babe in the woods.(小孩)3. Sometimes, even a chance(随意的) remark may result in tragedy.4. The odds(机会) are usually in favor of those who are brave enough.5. Mind you: she always smites with her tongue(血口喷人).6. Dick is not the kind of person who likes to splash his money about(挥霍).7. You can rest assured(确信无疑) that the sum is not always shinning on him.8. I asked him to beat a hasty retreat(悬崖勒马) but my words were like water off a duck’sback.Unit 41. I don’t want to get involved with that sort of event.2. Humorous writers often touch our hearts with their writings.3. If you litter, you will spoil the natural beauty of the surroundings.4. Consumers help boost more jobs and help boom the economy.5. Sandra doesn’t seem to get on nicely with her new boss.6. Employees usually take care not to get cross with their bosses.7. A friction(爱挑剔的) manager is also fond of flinging mud at(恶言) other people.8. She didn’t seem to understand you, so you should have a heart-to-heart talk with her.9. Don’t be disappointed. There’s still a profusion(丰富) of chances for you to mend fencewith her.10. Sandra bite her tongue off whenever she thought of her rudeness at the party.Unit 51. This high tech is more of a bane(灭亡) than a boon(福音) for mankind.2. He listened to these small-town anecdotes(轶事) with contempt.3. George resented returning to this kind of mundane(世俗的) routine.4. Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.5. To me that’s what is really intriguing(好奇) about him.6. All the schools in the city were closed during the epidemic(流行病) of scarlet fever.7. Mother was in the midst of a bout(一阵子) of house cleaning.8. His hatred of her was almost pathological(病态的).Unit 61. 1.A bite of wisdom and experience go a long way(大有帮助).2. How？By being older, wiser and asking embarrassing quentions.3. They also give parents and prospective students the opportunity to ask searchingquestions…4. By going to open days, parents and their children can gauge(评价) the culture of theinstitution…5. While not disputing(质疑) the importance of any of these, I had a different agenda:…6. Many universities did their utmost to separate students from their parents…7. So, masquerading(伪装) as a mature student, I often sneaked(潜行) in to the back of thestudent sessions.8. … and the chap at University of London seemed a bit out of touch(孤陋寡闻).9. And, of course, they deserve almost all the credit(荣耀) when they get in.Unit 71. All men recognize the right of revolution; that is , the right to refuse allegiance(效忠于) to,and to resist, the government, when its tyranny(暴政) or its inefficiency are great andunendurable.2. In an international conference UN Secretary General Kofi Annan says that the freshlyminted plans for Iraq will dissolve as soon as they begin to take shape.3. Victors soon began to flock(涌入) in from county houses, villages and lonely uplands to seethe reception, or if not to see it, at any rate to be near it.4. It seems to me if I were young and in love I should never deem(认为) a man of ordinarycaliber(能力) worthy of my devotion.5. And Mr. Brooke looked so contented and cheerful that Meg was ashamed to lament(悲伤)her hard lot.6. I handled this amazing antiquity(古物) with the greatest possible tenderness(温柔), lest itshould fragment in my hands.7. When it comes to trade in the underdeveloped parts of the world, most Western countrieswant to have a finger in every pie.8. Whilst(同时) the film does become somewhat over-indulgent(放纵的) in parts, itsnostalgic(怀旧) feel is excellently used to make all of us want to hark back to(回想起) the care-free days of childhood.9. Research projects should be relevant to the requirements of the county and should help inimproving the quality of life of the people.10. Legal advice needs to be tailored to specific circumstances, and you should thereforeconsult with an attorney for advice regarding your particular situation.11. Because nomadic(游牧) life style is often unstable and hostile, nomades are always fightingtheir way through harsh elements and foreign territories in the effort to carve out niches(赢得一席之地) for themselves.12. We expect the group consisting of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia still tonotch up(达到) growth of almost 2% this year.Unit 81. “And, madam,” continued she, “she has had the audacity(鲁莽,大胆) to affront(冒犯) yourladyship and to call you ugly—Yes, madam, she called you ugly old cat to my face.”2. The “get-rich-quick” efforts in attempting to achieve and sustain a opulent(富裕的) lifestyle will invariably involve corruption, aggression in humans.3. It was well worth one’s while, even if he had no idea of buying or selling, to loiter(徘徊)through the bazaars and observe the various sorts of traffic that were going forward.4. I can state in all sincerity that I wish nothing but freedom, justice and equality, life, libertyand the pursuit of happiness for all people.5. Elegant Venetian buildings and palaces peer(比得上) over the ancient maze of narrowstreets and labyrinth(错综复杂的) canals(管道、运河) that contrive(巧妙地策划) to make this a unique city.6. No wonder that those who conducted such an infraction(违法) of the rights of humanityshould have sought to veil(掩饰) the enormity(弥天大罪) from the eyes of the world.7. It was the soft, amiable(亲切的) Negro voice, like those I remembered from earlychildhood, with the note of docile(温顺的) subservience(服从) in it.8. Great commanders do not condescend(屈尊) to fight in person but conduct the fieldoperations by orders delivered through aideds-de-camp.9. It was true that her profile was beautiful; it was extraordinary how a girl had such aperfection of outline which took your breath away.10. The painter was sitting before the open window, an easel(画架) in front of him, apalette(调色板) in his left hand, painting with deft(灵巧的), swift touches.Unit 91. The root cause of the grave(严重的) historical error that is undermining(逐渐削弱)American image and interest is the outcome of its misguided foreign policy which isdesigned to favor specific individuals and political groups at the expense of the will andaspirations(强烈愿望) of the general public.2. Afghanistan’s future as a democratic nation hinges on(取决于) the government’s ability toemancipate(解放) Afghan women in all spheres of society.3. Father Claude taught the boy to respect the rights of others, to espouse(支持) the cause ofthe poor and weak and to revere(敬畏) God.4. Some of these lizards(蜥蜴) inhabit the high and damp parts of the islands, but they aremuch more numerous in the lower and sterile(贫瘠) districts near the coast.5. It is an interesting paradox that while Johnson’s reputation as the chief English man ofletters of his age seems secure for all time, his works, for the most part, have long ceased to be read.6. Our village life would have stagnated(停滞) if it had not been for the unexplored forestsand meadows(牧场) which surrounded it.7. Night was falling rapidly, and their predicament(窘境) was rendered doubly worse whenthey could not even find the trail which they had been following.8. The man is mad—quite mad—and we cannot longer jeopardize(冒..危险) our own throatsmerely to humor his crazy and criminal whims(突发奇想).9. What I can say is that the uprising in Iraq will continue and the American public may wellwake up to the deaths of thousands of its sons and daughters.10. He felt the good and bad within himself inextricably(复杂地) mingled and overlapping.Unit 101. Most visitors to Ameri ca’s national parks rarely stray(走失) more than a few yards fromtheir cars or tour buses because it’s easy to be lost in valleys(山谷) and among trees.2. Your children should go out in the fresh air rather than huddling up against the radiator(暖气片) like that.3. She spent the day traipsing(闲逛) round the shops, but found nothing suitable to buy.4. After so many years of hard life experiences, he has formed a habit of keepingreticence(沉默寡言) about his past, which makes his colleagues very suspicious of him.5. She was very tense(紧张的) as she was waiting for the interview because she know therewere a lot of candidates competing for the position in this big company.6. Psychologists(心理学家) were astounded(震惊的) to discover that volunteers in theexperiment were often willing to inflict(把…强加给) pain on others if they were told to.7. Pigeons are gregarious(爱交际的) bird but blackbirds tend to be solitary(独居的).8. People who have been involved in serious accidents often need some counseling(咨询服务) to help them recover from the terrible experiences.9. Passengers without proper documentation will not be allowed to travel in this area.10. She refuses to come down(处罚,批评) squarely(直接地) on either side of the arguments.11. Judging from your examination results, I think that you have grounds for cautions optimismabout getting a university place.12. After looking at all the applications, we reached a tentative(暂定的) conclusion that threeor four people might be worth interviewing.13. A succession of scandals(丑闻) and revelations has undermined the government’sprestige(威信) over the past year.14. If you confide in(信任) someone you can share your feelings and secrets with him becauseyou trust him not to tell other people.15. Hitler’s invasion of Poland led to the tragedy of the Second World War and theHolocaust(大屠杀) is one of the greatest tragedies the world has ever known.16. For this venture to be really successful we must start by mustering(集合) the enthusiasm ofparents, teachers and pupils.17. When Mary’s lost her money during her travel abroad, a friend said to her: “ Console(安慰)yourself—it could have been worse. What if you’d had your passport stolen as well as your money!”18. Five years of psychotherapy [saɪkəʊθerəpi:] (心理疗法) helped him to deal with hischildhood traumas(心灵创伤).19. I really can’t figure out why he has done such a foolish thing for he is always so sensible inhis life and work.20. Her anger, embarrassment and reserve were melted away when she read the letter.Unit 111. It has been alleged that the factory is dumping noxious(有害的) chemicals in the river.2. Odor(气味) can become a problem if the ventilation in the room is inadequate. The newtechnique involves surgeons making small incision(切口) in the skin into which tubes are inserted.3. Social workers have dismissed the government’s latest efforts to sort out the homelessproblem as purely cosmetic(装点门面的).4. Seeing the children in the park prompted(促使) thoughts of his own sons on the other sideof the Atlantic.5. If there are no complications(并发症), the doctor says that she’ll be able to come homewithin two weeks.6. It is one of those glossy magazines with endless pictures of minor celebrities and socialites(社会名流)attending balls.7. “Spitting image” is a British television program which satirizes(讥讽) the political events ofthe past week.8. I hereby certify(证实) that the above information is true and correct.9. I enjoy working in general medicine but I hope to be able to specialize(精通) in the future.10. The money he got from teaching evening classes provides a supplement(额外费用) to hisincome of his job to pay the 10-year housing loan.11. A quarter of all burglaries(入户盗窃) are carried out in the homes whose owners havefailed to take basic precaution(预防措施) to lock doors and windows.12. The agency was not accredited(认可) by the Philippine Consulate to offer contracts toFilippinos abroad.13. He had a suspicion that the certificate was forgery(伪造), but on closer inspection(检查), itseemed OK.14. It was snowing heavily in the mountain area. The drivers were facing the dual(二重的)hazards(危险) of black ice and frozen snow.15. There documents should never leave the room for they are of high confidential(机密的).16. As one of the nation’s premiere(重要的) scientist, he committed to attracting young peopleto science.17. The Beatles’ rise to fame was quite phenomenal(惊人的)—in less than two years it was ahousehold(家喻户晓的) name, for nobody had heard anything like that before. His inability to admit that he is wrong is a flaw(缺点) in his character.18. All luggage’s is screened(检查过的) at the airport to make sure it contains nothing illegal ordangerous.19. She was momentarily(顷刻之间) confused with road signs but soon found out the right wayin the downtown of the big city.20. Somewhere a band was playing and brightly colored flags were fluttering(飘动) in thebreeze.Unit 121. We can’t assume the suspect to be guilty simply because they have decided to remainsilent.2. The group remain steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it was criticizedin the newspapers.3. Among other things, the museum boasts an unrivaled collection of French porcelain.4. People who live in crowded cities often experience breathing problems during the summerwhen high temperature combines with stagnant polluted air.5. The closure of the factory could devastate the lives of thousands of families in the areawhose incomes depend on it.6. Through history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there isintelligent life elsewhere in the universe.7. Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in a snowstorm last night.8. Some of th e concerns of the 1960’s, such as environmentalism, are received renewedsupport today.9. The television coverage of so many starving people was designed to pick/stir up the publicconscience.10. The detail of her wildlife painting is a testament to her power of observation.11. He has this theory that suffering can ennoble a person’s character.12. The arrival of a group of friends on Saturday infuses new life into the weekends.Unit 1If you are trying to learn another language, you can’t allow your inhibitions to control your progress. You must be confident and willing to make mistakes. (拘束感)Nigel tells some quite incredulous stories sometimes, I never know when to believe him. (不可信的)When traveling to certain tropical countries, find out what diseases are endemic to the region and take the necessary mediations. (地方性的)When Olivia, whose grandparents are from Spain, visited the country for the first time, she had an eerie feeling that she had been there before. (怪怪的)Although traveling can be exhausting, I always exhilarate when I arrive in a new country. (令人兴奋的)After spending several days hiking across the mountains with little food and water, Chen’s speech was slurred and he did not appear lucid. (神智还清醒的)Every New Year’s Eve, James loves to get decked out in his party hat and clothes. (穿着)There are many amazing places to see in Egypt, but the Temple of Karnac, in Luxor, is certainly one of the most awe-inspiring sights I have ever seen. (令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的)We planned to have a barbecue last night, but the temperature plummeted in the afternoon so we ended up eating indoors with the heater turned on. (垂直下落)I’ve found that in most countries the local people are quite gracious. They want visitors to leave with wonderful impressions of their country. (亲切的，有礼貌的)Unit 2Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means of photosynthesis. (使简单的物质合成)Many court cases in past 15 years have shown that a competent physician who carries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecute. (检举，起诉)Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1936.(引起争议的，有争议的)The facts he had collected through on-the spot observation provided him with ammunition for his argument.(论证，事实根据)We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.(同情，怜悯)76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response.(反应)John’s arthritis is getting so unbearable these days that he has to be hospitalized.(送医院，使留医) Hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged (up) within him.(兴起的，高涨的) Despite some exceptions, compassionate killings are dealt with very moderately in British courts. (适度的，有节制的)The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that they are regarded as quite radical in some European countries.(热情)Unit 3Very many of the things we bend over backwards to do involve taking some risk.(拼命)Joe said that the first time he was at the conference he was just like a babe in the wood.(小孩) Sometimes，even a chance remark may result in tragedy.The odds are usually in favor of those who are brave enough.(机会)Mind you: she always hasty with her tongue. (急的)Dick is not the kind of person who likes to splash his money about.You can rest assured that the sun is not always shine on him.(照耀)I asked him to beat a smite retreat but my words were like water off a duck’s back.(猛打，重击)Unit 4I don’t want to get involved with that sort of event.(复杂难懂的)Humorous writers often touch our hearts with their writings.(触碰)If you litter, you will spoil the natural beauty of the surroundings.Consumers help boost more jobs and help boom the economy.(提升)Sandra doesn’t seem to get on nicely with her new boss.Employees usually take care not to get in Dutch with their bosses.A friction manager is also fond of fling mud at other people.(诽谤，重伤)She didn’t seem to understand you, you should have a heart- to-heart talk with her.(谈心) Don’t be disappointed. There’s still a profusion of chances for you to mend fence with you.(大量，丰富，充沛)Sandra bite her tongue off whenever she thought of her rudeness at the party.(对自己说的话感到愧疚)Unit 5This high tech is more of a bane than a boon for mankind.(祸根)He listened to these small-town Anecdotes with contempt.(轶事，趣闻)George resented returning to this kind of mundane routine.(世俗的)Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.To me that’s what is really intriguing about him.(引起好奇心的，引人入胜的)All the schools in the city were closed during the epidemic of scarlet fever.(流行)Mother was in the midst of a bout of house cleaning.(一回，一阵)His hatred of her was almost pathological.(病态的)Unit 6A bit of wisdom and experience go a long way .(大有帮助)How? By being older, wiser and asking embarrassing question.(令人尴尬的)They also give parents and prospective students the opportunity to ask searching question…(预期的，未来的，可能的)By going to open days, parents and their children can gauge the culture of the institution. (估计，判断,评价)While not disputing the importance of any of these, I had a different agenda: …(辩论)Many universities did their utmost to separate students from their parents. (竭尽全力)So, masquerading as a mature ( very mature ) student, I often sneaked in to the back of the student sessions. (化妆舞会，掩饰物) (淡入，渐现)… and the chap at University of London seemed a bit out of touch. (无从了解)And, of course, they deserve (almost) all the credit when get in. (受之无愧，值得)Unit 7All men recognize the right of revolution; that is, the right to refuse allegiance to, and to resist, the government, when its tyranny or its inefficiency are great and unendurable. (暴政，苛政)In an international conference UN Secretary General Kofi Annan says that the freshly minted plans for Iraq will dissolve as soon as they begin to take shape. (解决)Visitors soon began to flock in from county house, villages and lonely uplands to see the reception, or if not to see it at any rate to be near it.(大量涌入)It seems to me if I was young and in love I should never deem a man of ordinary caliber worthy of my devotion. (认为，相信)And Mr. Brooke looked so contented and cheerful that Meg was ashamed to lament her hard lot.(哀悼，悲叹)I handled this amazing antiquity with the greatest possible tenderness, lest it should fragment in my hands. (碎片)When it comes to trade in the underdeveloped parts of the world, most Western countries want to have a finger in every pie.(好管闲事的，参与)Whilst the film does become somewhat over-indulgent in parts, its nostalgic feel is excellently used to make all of us want to hark back to the care-free days of childhood.(回想起)Research projects should relevant to the requirements of the country and should help in improving the quality of life of the people.(与..有关)Legal advice needs to be tailored to specific circumstances, and you should therefore consult with an attorney for advice regarding your particular situation. (根据…调整)Because nomadic life style is often unstable and hostile, nomads are always fighting their way through harsh elements and foreign territories in the effort to carve out niches for themselves. (赢得一席之地)We expect the group consisting of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia still notch up growth of almost 2% this year.(完成，创下)Unit 8“And, madam,” continued she, “ she has had the audacity to affront your ladyship and to call you ugly---Yes, madam, she called you ugly old cat to my face.” (鲁莽的行为，放肆的话)The “get-rich-quick”efforts in attempting to achieve and sustain an opulent life style will invariably involve corruption aggression in human. (富裕的)I was well worth one’s while, even if he had no idea of buying or selling, to loiter through the bazaars and observe the various sorts of traffic that were going forward. (闲逛，游荡)I can state in all sincerity that I wish nothing but freedom, justice and equality, life liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all people. (真诚的说)Elegant Venetian buildings and palaces peer over the ancient maze of narrow streets and labyrinth of canals that contrive to make this a unique city. (规划，设计)No wonder that those who conducted such an in fraction of the rights of humanity should have sought to veil the enormity from the eyes of the world. (恶行)It was the soft, amiable Negro voice, like those Iremembered from earlychildhood, with the note of docile subservience. (有用，裨益)Great commanders do not condescend to fight in person but conduct the field operations by orders delivered through aides-de-camp. (屈尊，俯就)It was true that her profile was beautiful; it was extraordinary how a girl had such a perfection ofoutline which took your breath away. (侧面)The painter was sitting before the open window, an ease in front of him, a palettle in his hand, painting with deft, swift touches. (熟练地，灵巧的)Unit 9The root cause of the grave historical error that is undermining American image and interest is the outcome of its misguided foreign policy which is designed to favor specific individual and political groups at the expense of the will and aspiration of the general public.(底部冲刷) Afghanistan’s future as a democratic nation hinges on the government’s ability to emancipate Afghan women in all spheres of society.(取决于…)Father Claude taught the boy to respect the right the rights of others, to espouse the cause of the poor and weak and to revere God. (支持)Some of these lizards inhabit the high and damp parts of the islands, but they are much more numerous in the lower and districts near the coast.(居住于，栖息于)It is an interesting paradox that while Johnson’s reputation as the chief English man of letter of his age seems secure for all time, his works, for the most part, have long ceased to be read.(与矛盾特点的人或事)Our village life would have stagnated if it had not been for the unexplored forests and meadows which surrounded it.(停滞，不流动，不发展)Night was falling rapidly, and their predicament was rendered doubly worse when they could not even find the trail which they had been following.(困难的处境，窘境)The man is mad---quite mad---and we cannot longer jeopardize our own throats mere to humor his crazy and criminal whims.(危及，损害)What I can say is that the uprising in Iraq will continue and the American public may well make up to the deaths of thousands of its son and daughters.(巴结，拍马屁)He felt the good and bad within himself inextricably mingle and overlapping.(无法摆脱)Unit 10Most visitors to America’s national parks rarely stray more than a few yards from their cars or tour buses because it’s easy to be lost in valleys and among tree.(独自的，零散的)Your children should go out in the fresh air rather than huddling up against the radiator like that.(聚成一堆)She spent the day traipsing round the shops, but found nothing suitable to buy.(漫步，拖曳) After so many years of hard life experiences, he has formed a habit of keeping reticent about his past, which makes his colleagues very suspicious of him.(不轻易暴露思想或感情，有保留的) She was very tense as she was waiting for the interview because she know there were a lot of candidates competing for the position in this big company.(神经紧张的)Psychologists were astounded to discover that volunteer in the experiment were often willing to inflict pain on others if they were told to.(使震惊，使大吃一惊)Pigeons are gregarious bird but blackbirds tend to be solitary.(爱交际的，合群的)People who have been involved in serious accidents often need some counseling to help them recover from the terrible experiences.(心理咨询)Passengers without proper documentation will not be allowed to travel in this area.(证明)She refuses to come down squarely on either side of the arguments.(明确地)。
江苏大学研究生英语整理
Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation 1. Definition of LiteratureLiterature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations.2. Classification of Literature1) Textbooks(教科书)：In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the students in a given branch of learning.2) Monographs(专著)：A monograph is an artide or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply.3) Papers(论文)：A complete paper is usually composed of the following elements: title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references, etc.4) Encyclopedias(百科全书)：An encyclopedia is a book or set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular branch, in alphabetical order.5) Periodicals(期刊)：A periodical is a series of publications that appear at regular intervals.6) Special Documentation(特别文件)：Special documentation refers to all the printed materials that are non-books or non-periodicals.3. Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature1) Stylistically(在文体上), literature is a kind of formal writing.2) Syntactically(在语句构成上), scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, andin most cases is rather unitary.3) Morphologically(在词法上), scientific literature is featured by high specialization, the useof technical terms and jargons, unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word.4) Besides, non-verbal language is also very popular in various literatures such as signs, formulas, charts, tables, photos, etc.4. Discussion4. How do you understand Mr. Yan’s three-word guide xin, da, ya ? What’s your opinion onthe principles or criteria of translation?Xin, da, ya namely, “faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅)”. The principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same coin. On the part of the translator, he or she should follow them while translating; whereas on the part of the reader or critic, he or she may use the principles and criteria to evaluate translation works.Accuracy (准确) and smoothness (流畅).5. What are literal translation（直译）and free translation（意译）? And what principles should a translator abide by in applying them?Literal translation means not to alter the original words and sentences. To keep the sentencesand style of the original .Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning andspirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.In the application of literal translation, we should endeavor to rid ourselves of stiff patterns and rigid adherence to translation rules, trying to be flexible; while in the practice of free translation, we should be cautious of subjectivity, avoiding groundless affirmation or arbitrary fabrication.Unit 2 Professional Papers1. Definition of professional papersA professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic.2. Classification of professional papers1) Report Paper：The report paper summarizes and reports the findings of another on a particular subject.2) Research paper：A research paper can be intelligent, well informed, interesting, and original in its conclusions.3) Course Paper：Course papers are written after a specific course is learned or are designed at the end of a term, also called “term paper”.4) Thesis Paper：Unlike report papers, the thesis paper takes a definite stand on an issue. A thesis is a proposition or point of view that a writer or speaker is willing to argue against or defend.3. Linguistic Features of Professional Papers1) Formal Style（正式性）：A professional paper deals with the study of some objective facts or problems, and the conclusion that is drawn should be based on relevant data, not on personal likes and dislikes. Generally speaking, formal writing sets an unusually high value on objectivity, meticulousness, accuracy, and restraint.2) Specialized Terms（专业性）：The terms in professional papers are typically specialized.3) Rigid Sentence Structure（严谨的句式结构）：The arguments in professional papers will be concisely and concretely.4) Formatted Elements（固定的内容格式）：A complete professional paper usually has a regular format composed of the following elements: the title, author(s), affiliation(s), abstract, keywords, introduction, body of the paper (theoretical description including calculation, inference, reasoning, conclusion, etc. or experimental description including techniques, methods, materials, results and analysis, etc.), acknowledgments, appendices, references or bibliography, etc.5. Diction(1)This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.（event）这场战争将成为这一代人经历的最重大的事件。
苏州大学研究生英语读写佳境选词填空
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hasty I asked him to beat…hasty have a finger in every pie When it comes to trade in the…have a finger in every pie hazardous It was snowing heavily in the mountain…hazards heart-to-heart She didn't seem to understand…heart-to-heart hinge on Afghanistan's future as a democratic…hinges on hospitalization John's arthritis is getting so…hospitalized huddled Your children should go out…huddled in all sincerity I can state…in all sincerity…that I wish nothing… incision Odor…can become a problem if the ventilation…incisions inextricably He felt the good and bad…inextricably infuse The arrival of a group of friends…infuses inhabit Some of these lizards…inhabit inhibit If you are trying to learn another…inhibitions inspection He had a suspicion that the certification…inspection intrigue Throughout history,peopled have been…intrigued intriguing To me that's what is…intriguing involve I don't want to…involved jeopardize The man is mad-quite mad…jeopardize lament And Mr. Brooke looked so contented…lament loiter It was well worth one's while…loiter lucid After spending sevseral…lucid masquerade So,…masquerading melt away Her anger,embarrassment and reserve…melting away moderate Despite some exceptions,…moderately momentary She was…momentarily…confused with road signs but… mundane George resented returing to…mundane muster For this venture to be really…mustering notch up We expect the group consisting of Poland…notch up noxious It has been alleged that the factory…noxious odd The…odds are usually in favor of… odor Odor…can become a problem if the ventilation…incisions optimistic Judging from your examination…optimism… opulent The "get-rich-quick"efforts in…opulent out of touch …and the chap at University…out of touch paradox It is an interesting…paradox pathological His hatred of her was…pathological phenomenally The Beatles' rise to fame was…phenomenal plummeted We planned to have…plummeted precaution A quarter of all burglaries are…precautions predicament Night was falling rapidly,and their…predicament premiere As one of the nations…premiere profile It was true that her…profile profusion Don't be disappointed.There's still…profusion prompt Seeing the children in the park…prompted prosecute Many court cases in the past 15…prosecution prospective They also give parents…prospective relevant to Research projects should…be relevant to renew Some of the concerns of the 1960's…renewed respondent 76% of those who participated…response reticence After so many years of hard life…reticent satirize "Spitting image"is a British television…satirizes screen All luggage is…screened shine You can rest assured that…shining smite Mind you:she always…smites socialite It is one of those glossy magazines…socialites specialize I enjoy working in general medicine…specialize splash Dick is not the kind…splash spoil If you litter,you will…spoil squarely She refuses to come down…squarely stagnant People who live in crowded cities often…stagnant…
江苏大学研究生英语总结--下学期
江苏大学研究生英语总结--下学期考试题型：一．回答问题二．文体对比stylistic features: subjective(主观的)/objective(客观的)三．语篇分析---textual development /analogy四．语篇改写句子和句子之间衔接词语少了There are numerous reasons for……at first, …….secondly,….In addition, /additionally,/furthermore, …/what is more,Unit 1 General Introduction to Professional Paper Writing1.1 Classification of professional paperA professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic.1)Report paper读书报告2)Research paper 研究论文3)Course paper课程论文4)Thesis paper(Dissertation)学术论文1.2 General Characteristics of English Academic Writing StyleGenerally, English Academic writing is:1) complex(复杂)--Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language2) formal(正式)--Academic writing is relatively formal. Formal writing doesn’t use contractions, colloquialisms and slang.3) impersonal and objective(客观)--Written language is in general objective rather than personal. It therefore has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader. This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you.4) explicit(清楚)--Academic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related.5) accurate(准确)--Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately. Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings.6) cautious or tentative(用词谨慎)7) responsible(负责)---Academic writing refers to information from a range of print, digital and other sources, all of which must be clearly referenced in your text references other writers’ work. Question & Exercises：Read the following two passages and try to find out the stylistic features of each.Answer:Compared with these two passages, I find that there are differences in styles,passage 1 is informal, subjective, for example: ―I’m......‖，―don’t......‖While the second passage is a scientific research paper, it’s formal, objective and complex, for example,(长句，被动语态等）(subjective---objective, simple---complex, for example......) Unit 2 Title, Author/Affiliation and Keywords2.1 Titles2.1.1. General functions1). Generalizing the Text (总结全文)2). Attracting the Reader (吸引读者)3). Facilitating the Retrieval (方便检索)2.1.2.Linguistic Features做分析题时候，可以根据下面的格式进行分析。
苏州大学研究生期末英语考试重点
Unit2A1,Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means of photosynthesis2,Many court cases in the past 15 years have shown that a competent physician who carries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecution.3,Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1936.4,The fact he had collected through on-the-spot observation provided him with anmmunition for his argument.5,We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.6,76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response.7,John’s arthritis is getting so unberable these days that he has to be hospitalized.8,Hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged(up) within him.9,Despitc some exception,compassionate killings are dealt with very moderately in British courts. 10,The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that they are regarded as quite radical in some European coutries.B1,The long simmering enthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce debate,with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate rightousness.2,And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force.3,Cancer patients and sufferers from multiple sclerosis are the most frequent subejects of euthanasia in Holland...4,Last fall 19 distinguished British doctors wrote an open letter calling for the legalization of euthanasia for AIDS patients in the advanced stages of their illness.5,Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied ammunition to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasis would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuse.6,Even in the Netherlands ,the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safe guards.T1，不少病入膏肓者为了求得解脱往往要求医生使用致命药物；也有一些病人家属觉得彻底治愈病人已经无望，因此要求医生不要对病人进行保命式的治疗。
苏州大学_研究生英语读写佳境_作文
研究生英语读写佳境Test WritingTest One p.3021.Leading Children in the Right Direction范文1：Children in China are now leading a pretty good life. They have quite good social environment as well as the care from their parents. Compared to the past generations, children are enjoying high lever of civilizations of human beings.Nowadays children can learn a lot in the modern information world, through which books, teachers, Internet make a huge contribution to their growing. They can acquire information from advanced technology to the latest fashion styles. Therefore, those tools may also have bad effects on students. Most children are fond of televisions very much, for the simple reason that they find it funny. However, not all the media are good for children. Some teenagers are too young to tell good from bad. Take advertisements for example, some of which contain valences, obesity, horrible and so on. These things are extremely harmful to children’s life.So the problem comes to what we should do to guide and educate our children correctly. First of all, parents should help their children to set up a short and long term career ideals. They should educate them in a right way, which they teach them to build up active attitudes towards life, and correct values of the future life. Our society should care children, giving more attention to them.范文:2In China, both of the parents have their jobs. With the development of economy, people tend to pursue high quality living conditions. Most of the parents try their best to offer their children comfortable circumstances, but they seldom have time to stay with their children. In my point of view, no matter how busy they are, they should make the best use of their time to stay with their children.First, the love between children and adults will be improved by spending more time on their children. Children could feel parents' affection through the genial conversation and sharing their pleasure with them. Every time when parents take them to amusement park, help them to prepare their birthday parties, applaud for them when they are competing in the sports meeting, the time they spend with children will become treasure in their memories.Second, children need the direction from their parents. There are some wrong behaviors in our society such as dishonesty, corruption, violence and eroticism and so on. Children have weak resistance in defending this detrimental influence. In this case, parents' instructions seem to be very important to children's growth. Parents should sit down and talk with them about what they should do and should not do. In addition, if parents often spend time in staying with their children, adults' good behaviors will greatly influence their children.Here I do not deny that there are some disadvantages in spending too much time on children. Some parents restrict their children, and give them little freedom to develop their interests. Therefore, I emphasize that parents should educate and instruct their children appropriately in their spare time apart from their busy works.I agree that it is good to educate children according to their own traits, for example, some children who have special talent, lead a live that is so different from ordinary people, partly because of the individualized teaching methods. At the same time, we also know there are some abnormal persons, who need to be educated specially and with more efforts, compared to others. Just take the famous writer Helen Keller for example, it is the individualized education that help the little blind girl to gain success.范文3:From very young, we have always hoped to be educated specially, and do not like to be treated the same as others. We also admire successful people, believing they must have received education different from ordinary people and they must be lucky enough to own enlightened parents and teachers. Sometimes we also disliked thegeneral patterns of education we received in the school.However, most of us are ordinary people. For us, the purpose of education is more than just paying attention to individual needs and interests. My opinions are as follows.First of all, for ordinary ones, talent ones and abnormal persons, we are people living in a certain society and it is important for us to learn how to survive harmoniously with others. Every individual should know how to obey laws, follow certain moral standards, accept some models of thoughts, and acquire communication skills. It is the education which helps us to gain these above.Second, education aims to help one to develop fully and properly.This should be done firstly according to his/her own traits and abilities. We should show the children to a right way but not only one definite way. If you wonder what on earth the way is, I think the answer will have close relationship with our social standards first, then comes the person’s own individual needs and interests.We must consider the two factors above when educating, but sill should integrate lots of other factors, such as the trend of the history, the fund supporting from families, school and even our government. Also, we should decide whether the children’s needs which are reasonable and practical.In sum, education should pay attention however not too much to the individual needs and interests of each student. The truly effective way is to integrate many different aspect of factors.2. Health ,Wealth and Happiness范文：1Happiness means different things to different people. For example, some students believe that if they have much money or a large number of possessions, they will be happy. They believe that they will be able to do anything they want to if they have money. Some students think that they should be in good health, and enjoy whatever they like. Many students wish to have much wealth from their parents. In this way they don’t have to work hard, and they can have everything. I don’t agree with the above points. We can’t buy many important things with money, such as health, happiness and knowledge. I value knowledge, which makes me happy, for I can do much for mankind with knowledge. Although different people value happiness differently, my “wealth” of happiness is in my study.范文：2Well, nowadays we are living in a more materialistic society and consumer goods are desirable everywhere. Wealth is so great an appeal to people that they work hard to earn money, as it seem to make everything possible. I once heard of some old sayings about money such as "Money talks" and "No money, No honey". These proverbs gave me deep impressions when I was a little girl. At least it made me know about the importance of money.With time passing by , I begin to know money is not the only thing that matters in life. But in reality without money you cannot live a happy life, either. So for me "enough money" means I can afford the cost of my living and I can have extra money to support my hobbies.范文：3It is often related that the relationship between health, wealth and happiness. It is difficult to give a standard answer, for different people may have different opinions about it. But they do have some relate to each other. Some people consider health originally as wealth, which is the biggest poverty of human beings. As a result, they think they are leading a happy life.While some people who own a large number of money think they have great happiness, for the simple reason that they can buy what they want to buy. They are happy just because they are rich.And those who are neither rich nor healthy can also have happiness. On the other hand, healthy people that have great poverty may feel unhappy. It is really difficult to tell what makes the happiness.As far as I am concerned, happiness is an attitude towards life. It mostly depends on your mood whether you arerich or not, healthy or not. So I guess to say if people can keep an active attitude towards life, they will be much happier.3.Working in a Multinational Company or as a Civil Servant?范文1：Today, seeking a job in a large joint venture company is still one of the best choices for many university graduates. And yet, there is also a growing trend for graduating students to prepare for civil servant recruitment examinations to work for the government office.To be a white-collar in a multinational company or to be a civil servant, each has advantages and disadvantages of its own.First, a job with the former means high pay but longer working hours. They have to weigh the loneliness of being away from home against the opportunity to make new friends.Second, one might be able to develop his or her abilities rapidly and fully in a high competitive environment, which of course also makes his or her jobs an extremely tiring and stressful one. However, in my hometown, sheltered by family influence and surrounded by good friends, one might never meet the challenge of developing his or her unknown potential.Third, promotion in a multinational company is based largely on one’s merits and contributions; therefore one does not have to worry too much about strained relations, though it is by no means easy to get promoted in such companies.Despite all the advantages of being a white-collar, I have a strong desire to be a civil servant.For one thing, it is a stable job and has little risk in work and life in general.For another, the pay rises for civil servant has shown that working for the government is getting very desirable. Most important of all, I enjoy working for people, for the general publ ic. So instead of being my mother’s baby all my life, I’ll make parents feel proud of me.范文2：Nowadays people have a lot of choices to choose a job. It is often argued that whether to working in a multinational or as a civil servant.Working in a multinational company is getting popular. A great number of people are often willing to work as white collar workers, for they are often wear white collars and tie to go to work. The companies are usually well known for their great benefits, as well as the high salary. However, working in a multinational company is quite challenging, although people may have more opportunities, yet they will undertake great responsibilities and risks. Sometimes they will be pretty busy with their untold work with furious competitionsWhile working as a civil servant seems to be attractive to many people. The most import ant about it is the job’s stability. People do not have to woke busily, but they can get a good salary, too. To some extent, it is comfortable. At the same time, people can be more free to do what they want to do. The shortcoming of this kind of job is that perhaps people will feel tired of the dull routine of everyday life. It has little challenges to them, either. No doubt it is not good enough for those who are ambitious.In my opinion, my ideal job is to choose to work in a multinational company. I guess I want to be challenged, and try my best to build up a bright future.Test Two P.3171. Shopping over the Internet or in Stores范文1：Have you experienced shopping by clicking the mouse without going outdoors? With the development of the Internet and the increase of net citizens, a new style of shopping is prevailing. More and more corporations provide shopping service over the Internet. The electronic commerce is moving toward prosperity.Some people prefer online shopping because of its convenience. Time and labor can be saved to do something else. And more discount merchandise can be easily found and bought over the Internet. But some people dislike it when they concern the quality of goods, the safety of payment and the after-sale service. Actually they fear being cheated. Purchasing goods in stores, they could check what they buy on the spot. And the invoice could ensure the after service.I like both of them. I have been buying books on Bertelsmann website for many years. As one of its members, I enjoy its regular promotions and free delivery. I pay for my orders in cash or by credit card through the Internet banking. But when it comes to goods such as costume, cosmetics and home appliances, I'd like to purchase them in stores. They are more expensive than books. And quality and safety should be concerned firstly. You see, the style of shopping depends on what you are to buy.范文2：At present, in an era of high-speed development of computer technology, shopping online becomes increasingly easy and popular with consumers.People who would like to shop online have their own reasons. Firstly, purchasing through a click proves to be convenient alternative to walking or driving to the stores. Secondly, prices are dropping and more chances offer people varieties of goods. However, some people prefer shopping in stores, especially large department stores, in which they could see and touch things with sense of reality and credibility. For them, walking along stacks of goods is a time of relaxation. With the development of our society, the general public seems to have worries about the “web criminal”.I favor shopping in department stores over online. I am not fully trust in the quality of these products sold over the Internet, unless an improved management mechanism can be established. Shopping in stores, also, is irreplaceable that not everything can be bought from the web, such as luxury goods.2.On Overseas Study范文1：Recent years, more and more Chinese people have chosen to study abroad. There are merits and demerits to this tendency.With the deepening of reform and opening-up of our country, it’s easier for us to get access to foreign schools. We can grasp advan ced technologies and their language ability can be improved as well. What’s more, with the rapid development of China, more and more overseas learners will come back, using their abundant knowledge to serve for our motherland. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that, for one thing, studying abroad is too expensive and therefore doesn’t pay off. For another, there are no language and cultural barriers if they study at home.In my opinion, studying abroad is good for us to broaden our horizons, learn how to adapt the society better, which helps us lay a perfect foundation for their future development.范文2：In recent years, studying abroad has flourished. Thousands of scholars and students have gone to foreign countries to study. Many people are sparing no effort in applying for going abroad.Attending schools abroad has many advantages. In the first place, students who have studied abroad can act as mediators between peoples of different cultures so as to promote international understanding. Secondly, we can learn much more advanced knowledge of science and technology from the foreign countries. Thirdly, we can enjoy the contact with new and different cultures so as to increase the awareness of our own culture. Fourthly, we can learn a foreign language more quickly.However, studying abroad may have disadvantages such as language barrier in the first few months or financial difficulties before getting a scholarship. In spite of these, the advantages greatly outweigh the disadvantages. It is advisable to attend schools abroadDifferent people have various ambitions. Some want to be engineers or doctors in the future. Some want to be scientists or businessmen. Still some wish to be teachers or lawyers when they grow up in the days to come. Unlike other people, I prefer to be a farmer. However, it is not easy to be a farmer for I will be looked upon by others. Anyway, what I am trying to do is to make great contributions to agriculture. It is well known that farming is the basic of the country. Above all, farming is not only a challenge but also a good opportunity for the young. We can also make a big profit by growing vegetables and food in a scientific way. Besides we can apply what we have learned in school to farming. Thus our countryside will become more and more prosperous.I believe that any man with knowledge can do whatever they can so long as this job can meet his or her interest. All the working position can provide him with a good chance to become a talent.3.The Art of Establishing Harmonious Relationship between People范文1：As we all know, since ancient times, people can’t live without each other. To make a better atmosphere in the society, it is necessary for us to get on well with each other.There are many ways of establishing harmonious relationship between people. A smile can always shorten the distance from others. For example, a smile can fight the unhappy situation of friends. I always believe it’s the most beautiful language in the world. What’s more, with the development of commodity, more trust should be built between people. As a result, a harmonious society will be established with trust and happiness.From my point if view, there should be more opportunities for people to communicate, such as a conversation in a family, a small meeting among friend……Thus making a wonderful world for us to understand each other.范文2：In daily life, people should not be self-centered, when they are together with other people, they’d better listen to others more not only act according to themselves’ opinion. Unconscious of an eq ual and open-hearted attitude toward others, people will not develop a cooperative mind in a group work. In present life , international communication is more and more popular, the spirit of cooperation is also important for international communication.Communication is very important for people and the society. Whenever people at work or play with friends they have to communicate with the others. Some people are very good at communicating with the others, but some people are not. In Communication, language is very important for people to have a harmonious relationship with each other. Usually ,a word, a sentence will make a person happy in a proper manner. Whoever knows how to communicate with people , it will be much easier to make friends. When someone does not know how to communicate with people, it is difficult to make friends. Sometimes, people will find it is hard to communicate with the foreigner. It is because they don't understand how to communicate with the foreigners. Communication is also a good way to improve people’s ability and their experience to communicate with each other. In our society, a harmonious relationship between people is very important for the development of career. It seems to be difficult to have harmonious relationship with people, but if everyone can treat others with kind and friendly attitude, our society will be a harmonious society. Sometimes, people living near don’t know each other. It reflects interpersonal relationships in our society today. In present life, many people live in apartments, they close their doors and seldom go out when they get home from outside. When they feel lonely, they will watch TV in their spare time. They have little communication with their neighbors, and become more and more indifferent. That is why more and more people feel lonely in our society and people becomes indifferent. So a harmonious interpersonal relationship is so important. People live closely should have communication more.Although interpersonal relationship seems complicated, it will be easy if people have an equal and open-hearted attitude toward other people. Everyone plays a role in our society, their social status is different, their dignity should be respected. People all have dignity, he or she should be confident in interpersonal communication. If people do not look down upon others, he or she will surely be respected by other people, and accepted by our society. Therefore, in interpersonal communication, confidence and respect are equally important. People should pay attent ion to what others want, and put themselves in other’s shoes in interpersonal communication. Today, competition is everywhere in our society. People will have more chance if they obey the rules in the pursuit of success. The attitude is not only necessary for people’s success, but also important for the establishment of harmonious society. It is useful for everyone to know how to get along with other people and have harmonious interpersonal relationship in our society. To have harmonious interpersonal relationship, including self-confidence, respect other people and care about other people. Our society will be a harmonious community.Test Three P.3371. My ideal job范文1：With the development of the economy and the education, more and more people are high educated, and that directly leads to the fierce competition in finding a job. So nowadays it is more and more difficult to find a job, especially a job that you like to do.For me, if it is possible, I think my ideal job is to be a teacher.First of all, a teacher’s job is very important because a teacher provides students with knowledge. And meanwhile I can also learn a lot from my students. It’s a happy thing to share knowledge with others. Second, to be a teacher may enable me to feel always young to be with young people all the time. That will be a great pleasure. The job will allow me a lot of freedom to choose my way of teaching. I like to make students both learned and creative. I will be satisfied with the progress my students make everyday, and I’ll be proud of them. In addition, I can develop my hobbies in my spare time. And I really enjoy the summer vacation and winter vacation during which I will go sightseeing.So if I can have a chance to be a teacher, I will try my best to be a good teacher.范文2：Every person has his own ideal job. Some people wish to be doctors, while others want to be teachers and so on. As far as I am concerned, I have been dreaming of being a guide for a long time. First, my major is the manage of tourism, so I want to get a job about tourism. Secondly, good guides are knowledgeable and amiable, meanwhile, they have wide vision. Finally, guide can constantly expand his knowledge and understand lots of customs about different cultures and countries.To achieve my dream of being a qualified guide, I have to make sufficient preparations. Fro one thing, I must learn my specialty well and travel at my spare time, just as the saying goes: “Seeing is believing.” For another, I should enhance my eloquence so that I can express the a llusion about the view clearly. What’s more important ,I should control my mood freely and treat every traveler kindly.Being a good guide is difficult, but I believe if I endeavor to do this things in all hands. I’ll be successful sooner or later.2. Travel Broadens the Minds范文1：Nowadays, travel has become a popular activity. More and more people have enough money to travel abroad or at home. As a matter of fact, travel has become part of our life. This situation is encouraging, for it not onlybroadens people's minds to the extend which may not be reached previously, but also relaxes the m physically, which help people work out mental problems more actively.One of my best friends is so exclusively engaged in his works that he did not even know what was happening out of hi s own discipline. What’s worse, his progress was nearly little. After accepting my advice, he travelled a few cities and towns. The experience gave him a good opportunity of learning. Today, he gets a bumper harvest in his knowledge——the longstanding dream of entering graduate school comes true.In conclusion, travel opens our mind because it enables us to know about the history and culture of a nation. In a way, going on travels is like reading books..范文：2Travel has many benefits to offer. It enriches our experiences and helps us know more about the world, aside from relaxing ourselves both physically and psychologically.To begin with, travel is one of the best ways to enrich our experiences. If we visit tourist attractions and historical or cultural relics at different places of our country or foreign lands, we will meet different people, enjoy exotic natural sceneries, have a taste of varied cultures and, in the long run, enrich our knowledge. Moreover, travel also helps to enlighten and broaden our minds, since it provides us with new perspectives through what we learn from other cultures. For example, it helps to reduce cultural prejudice after we have got a better understanding of civilizations that vary sharply from one another.Travel is gaining increasing popularity among us. We travel to relax ourselves, enrich our experiences and broaden our minds.范文：3Nowadays, travel has become a popular activity. Many people are rich enough to afford a travel at home or abroad. As a matter of fact, travel has become part of our life. The increasing popularity of travel is, among others, due to the following reason: travel broadens our minds to an extent which may not be reached previously.For example, if we travel to Africa, we will find a culture totally different from that of ours, and people who think and live in a way unimaginable for us before we set foot on the continent. And we will marvel at the natural wonders, historic miracles and cultural brilliances we find there. All these experiences help to broaden our minds. As a result, our misunderstanding about the continent, if any, will be weeded out, our perspective of seeing the world possibly changed, our mode of thinking altered and, above all, our mind broadened.Reading makes an erudite man; practicing a capable man; and traveling a broad-minded man.范文：4Nowadays travel has become part of our life, it is so exciting to visiting different places. And besides beautiful scenery we can see from traveling, I think travel broadens our minds.Traveling is a good way to meet and make friends with people of different colors and races. We can taste and buy specialties of different places. In this way, we can get to know the customs, living habits and lifestyles of local people.Traveling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through traveling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found later in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book.So travel broadens our minds, we can learn much from traveling.3. What Makes Life Worthwhile范文1：What makes life worthwhile? Different people may have different answers to this question. Some people may think that money and powe r is the most important for one’s life. Others may regard devotion and success as essential for their life. As for as I’m concerned I agree with the latter instead of the former.There goes an old saying: no pains, no gains. In our country as well as all over the world, there are many scientists who spent much of time and energy doing research work. Though they do not necessarily earn much money, they are very happy when they succeed, because they have done something meaningful and have contributed, in a degree, to human beings.Therefore, we may conclude that money or the like is useful, while devotion and contribution is indispensable for our life. Only when we have worked hard and have done something beneficial to our career and to man-kind, can we feel our life really worthwhile.范文2：What makes life worthwhile? Different people may have different answers to this question. Some people may think that money and power is the most important for one’s life. Others may regard devotion and success as essential part of their lifes. As far as I’m concerned I agree with the latter instead of the former.There goes an proverb” No pains, no gains”, means that you have to make great efforts if you want to achieve some success. In our country as well as all over the world, there are many scientists who spend much of their time and energy doing research work. Though they don’t necessarily earn much money, yet they are very happy when they succeed, because they have done something meaningful and have contributed, in a degree, to human beings.I beli eve, one’s value lies in the value of serving the people, the country and the whole society. People who make contributions, no matter big or small, should be recognized and respected. The point is what you can do, but not how people look on you. It is how much you contribute, not how much you gain. I think this is the true meaning of life that everyone of us should have.4. Young people in China today are more self-centered and unsympathetic than were previous generations范文：Love, and Then Be LovedIn recent years, more and more teachers complain that their students are indifferent to others. Some even worry that the young generation might ruin the future of China. To be sure, many of our young people cannot see eye to eye with this view. However, as a university student, I myself would like to content that we young people today are in general more self-centered and unsympathetic than our previous generations.To start with, most, if not all, young people choose to attend exclusively to their own needs. In their eyes, It is all too natural to seek satisfaction from what they do, even if it may mean inconvenience to others. Take my dormitory for example. It is a common scene here that a roommate cheerfully talks to his girlfriend on the phone at midnight when others are struggling for a sound sleep. One may complain now and then, but to no avail. In fact, the others, to the exclusion of me, live their dormitory life much in the same way. When I take a nap at noon, they often play cards. They have no regard for others. Life is a joy to them, yet they often enjoy it to the neglect of others’ feelings. In sharp contrast, our caring parents always pay heed to our needs and those of others. Whenever my father comes back home late in the night, he tiptoes In for fear that he might awake me. Moreover, our young people tend to be insensitive to others’ difficulty.When a classmate falls ill, few people offer to help, but regard it as none of their business. Some students in my class come from poor families. Yet, they are active mobile phone users, who may spend twice as much as what their parents earn from arduous。
研究生英语读写佳境（苏州大学）2013版复习资料
Part I Reading ComprehensionTest One ~ Four 任选两篇+ 书本外的两篇Test OneSometimes negative reactions do not result from actual interaction but rather from the fixed, preconceived beliefs we have about other people. These over-generalized beliefs or "stereotypes" frequently shape people's perceptions of each other.有时消极反应并不是源于实际交互从固定的,而是先入为主的信仰我们对他人。
这些过于宽泛的信念或“刻板印象”经常形状人民对彼此的看法。
Stereotypes originate and develop from numerous sources such as jokes, textbooks, movies, and television. Movies about cowboys and Indians portray cowboys as "civilized" and Indians as wild and "primitive." A child who knows about the American Indians only through watching these movies will have a distorted and false image of this group of people. Stereotypes perpetuate inaccuracies about religious, racial, and cultural groups.刻板印象产生和发展从许多来源,如笑话、教科书、电影和电视。
苏州大学研究生英语期末考试题库
Unit2选词填空(注意词性，动词形式，单复数形式)1.Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means ofphotosynthesis.2.Many court cases in the past 15 years have shown that a competent physician whocarries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecution .3.Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1963.4.The facts he had collected through on-the-spot observation provided him withammunition for his argument.5.We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.6.76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response .7.John’s arthritis is getting so unbearable these days that he has to be hospitalized .8.hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged within him.9.Despite some exceptions, compassionate killing are dealt with very moderatelyin British courts.10.The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that theyare regarded as quite radical in some European countries.句子翻译1. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness.长期以来“山雨欲来”的安乐死问题又沸沸扬扬的演变成一场激烈的公共辩论，双方都声称是为了最终的正义。
江苏大学研究生英语课程讲义分析-翻译doc资料
Unit 11. Put the following sentences into Chinese.1) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of the Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of Hope, it was the winter of Despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.2) A greeting card can warm a heart, hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face, tickle a funny bone, dry an eye, surprise a child, woo a sweetheart, toast a bride, welcome a stranger, wave a good-bye, shout a bravo, blow a kiss, mend a quarrel, ease a pain, boost a morale, stop a worry and start a tradition.2. Put the following passage into Chinese.As an important means for preserving knowledge, various literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race.Professional literatures have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world because they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and the crystallization of human civilization.3. Put the following passage into English.翻译的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。
苏州大学考研2024学科英语
苏州大学考研2024学科英语Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,__1__some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2__in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3__others,can make you feel lonely and__4__.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and__5__a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are__7__on the social conversations that happen in the office. Other life changes also__8__periods of loneliness too,such as retirement, changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to__9__a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming__10__.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able tomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to__12__a new sport forthefirst time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13__ideas.On the other hand,it is__14__possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any__15__in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social__16__.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you__18__some time in your diary when youre__19__for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.because B.unless C.whereas D.until2.A.contrast B.balance C.link D.gap3.A.secing B.pleasing C.judging D.teaching4.A.misguided B.surprised C.spoiled D.disconnected5.A.contribute to B.rely on C.interfere with D.go against6.A.in fact B.of course C.for exampls D.on average7.A.cutting back B.missing out C.breaking in D.looking down8.A.shorten B.trigger C.follow D.interrupt9.A.assess B.interprel C.provids D.regain10.A.at first B.in turn C.on time D.by chance11.A.far-sighted B.strong-willed C.kind-hearted D.like-minded12.A.tny B.promote C.watch D.describe13.A.test B.share C.accept D.revise14.A.already B.thus C.also D.only15.A.visit B.order C.space D.boundary16.A.atigue B.criticism C.injustice D.dilemma17.A.sources B.standards C.signs D.scores18.A.take over B.wipe off C.add up D.mark out19.A.ungratefu B.unavailsblg C.responsiblk D.regretful20.A.react B.repeat C.retun D.restSection II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points) Text1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress. "Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and construction,says Coyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformativetechnologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes, "she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly38%of all tech jobs by2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just15cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold backthe sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers, for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout, like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should____________A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph2,digital technologies should be used to____________.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned to____________A.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest____________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph1that UK need to____________.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives____________.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of____________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodC.petition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop-driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M. Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality"she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a31percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers85or older,according to one study. Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have100-year lives,we need cars thata90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the roadA.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice____________.A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to____________.A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie inA.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversSection III Translation36.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats, farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce…-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season, depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.Section IV Writing37.Directions:Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old houses in an ancient town.Write himan email to1)put forward your plan,and2)ask for opinion.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e"Li Ming"instead.Do not write your address.(10points)。
苏州大学研究生英语读写佳境课后翻译
苏州大学研究生英语读写佳境课后翻译Uint21)Quite a few teminally ill patients would often like their doctors to administer lethal drugs to them to be relieved of suffering;there are also some of their families who would prefer that doctors withdraw any life-prolonging treatment since there is no hope of effecting an ultimate cure.this problem has lately boiled into a fierce public debate in some European countries.2)Those who are opposed to Euthanasia believe that it is no different from murder and that it is unethical,while the pro-euthanasists contend that since the incurably ill consider their existence more of a torrent and suffering,why not let them end their lives in a decent and human way?we ought to respect the patients’final decision.3)The fear that “mercy killing”may be abused or used unnecessary is not groundless.But with effective measures rigorously taken by the government and the departments concerned,and under tightly controlled conditions in hospitals,this problem would most probably be resolved in the end.Uint31)The plunge we take is no different from the gamble we are taking against chance,against destiny,and in the course of it we may realize ourselfves as an added bonus.And as a consequence we would be eitherbled white or finally make a carrer after painstaking efforts,or in rare cases,be continuously blessed with an unhindered advance,and we would take gerat pride in our obtained success.2)If a man makes gambling an obsession,he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil,he will also lose his dignity and conscience.Therefore it is advisable that they beat a hasty retreat from such an indulgence and be away from the sea of troubles.3)On the bright side of the coin,we win in the struggle against destiny,and the odds are in our favor,then gambling is no longer a toxic drug,rather it is one against boredom and apathy,and may well preserve our good temper,patience and optimism,which will do us a world of favor.Uint51.The role of laughter is more complex than people have imagined.People laugh for a variety of reasons.People laugh not only when they feel good, but in response to mundane statements and in uncomfortable situations as well.For example, when people are surprised at funny-looking things, their natural reaction is laughter.When they feel awkward about something or when they are at a loss what to do, they can’thelp laughing. Even in a threatening situation, laughter may serve as a way of calming down the tense atmosphere.2.Why do we laugh? A convincing explanation waits for moreconfirmation. But people all over the world are convinced that it is pretty good to ughter enables people to keep healthy physically and mentally and laughter functions as some kind of social lubricant for people’s communication because studies have shown that people are more likely to laugh in social settings than when they are alone, and it can break down barriers and forge a connection with each other.Uint7nguages are vehicles of value systems and of cultural expressionsand they constitute a determining factor in the identity of groups and individuals. Yet, it is reckoned that more than fifty per cent of the world’s 6000 languages are on the verge of becoming extinct. And, as a matter of fact, one language disappears on average every two weeks. Many factors contribute to language extinction. But the English language prevalent worldwide is certainly to blame and its hegemony is worrisome.2.There is overwhelming/compelling evidence that the United States isundoubtedly a global leader in many ways. While exporting its high-tech products and commercial artifacts, the United States is subtly imposing American values on the world. Therefore, some people turn their noses up at globalization ,fearing that it is in factequivalent to Americanization. Such fears are not over-blown.Uint91.At the global level, the environmental movement has already beenunder way for decades and the public awareness of environmental protection has been correspondingly enhanced. In spite of this, the health of Mother Earth is still deteriorating at an unprecedented rate.Many people can’t help wondering how long it will take for human beings to turn things around.2.Without abiding by the basic ecological principles, someunderdeveloped countries have achieved rapid economic growth in the past decades but at the expense of the environment. To make matters worse, they have failed to put effective brakes on the overgrowth of their populations. As a result, environmental degradation and population expansion are driving an ever-increasing number of people into poverty.。
江苏大学研究生英语课程讲义整理
Unit 1 General Description of Literature Reading and Translation1. Definition of LiteratureLiterature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations.2. Classification of Literature1) Textbooks(教科书)：In general, a textbook is a kind of professional writing specially designed for the students in a given branch of learning.2) Monographs(专著)：A monograph is an artide or short book on one particular subject or branch of a subject that the writer has studied deeply.3) Papers(论文)：A complete paper is usually composed of the following elements: title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references, etc.4) Encyclopedias(百科全书)：An encyclopedia is a book or set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular branch, in alphabetical order.5) Periodicals(期刊)：A periodical is a series of publications that appear at regular intervals.6) Special Documentation(特别文件)：Special documentation refers to all the printed materials that are non-books ornon-periodicals.3. Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature1) Stylistically(在文体上), literature is a kind of formal writing.2) Syntactically(在语句构成上), scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, and in most cases is rather unitary.3) Morphologically(在词法上), scientific literature is featured by high specialization, the use of technical terms and jargons, unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word.4) Besides, non-verbal language is also very popular in various literatures such as signs, formulas, charts, tables, photos, etc.4. Discussion1. What is your opinion on the importance of translation? Can you cite some examples to support your idea?As a means of communication, translation plays an important rolein human civilization. for example , in the West, literary translation can be traced back to 300 BC; while in China, recorded translation activities are even earlier, dating from Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC).A modern society sees a n extensive use of translation on various occasions. Proper and dexterous translation helps promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds. For example ,the ordinary word “menu”. Its original meaning is “a list of dishes in a meal or to be ordered as separatedmeals. However, when it is used in computer science, its meaning shiftsto “a list shown on the display of a computer from which a user canselect the operation the computer is to perform.”2. What is translation? Do you agree with the author’s p view? Why or why not?. If it If the word “translation” refers to a subject, it is a sciencerefers to some specific pieces of translation, it is more like an art. If itrefers to a process, we may regard it as a craft or skill.Yes, because the answer depends on how we understand or.interpret the word “translation”3. How is translation generally categorized? W hich categories a reyou familiar with?In terms of languages, translation can be divided into two categories: from native languages into foreign languages and vice versa.In terms of the mode, it can be divided into oral interpretation andwritten translation.In terms of materials to be translated, there are translation ofscientific materials, translation of literary works, etc..In terms of disposal, it can be either full-text translation, abridgedtranslation or adapted translation.4. How do you understand Mr. Yan’s three-word guide xin, da, ya?What’s your opinion on the principles or criteria of translation?Xin, da, ya namely, “faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅)”. The principles and criteria of translation are actually the two sides of the same coin. On the part of the translator, he or she should follow them while translating; whereas on the part of the reader or critic, he or she may use the principles and criteria to evaluate translation works.Accuracy (准确) and smoothness (流畅).5. What are literal translation（直译）and free translation（意译）? And what principles should a translator abide by in applying them?Literal translation means not to alter the original words and sentences.Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.In the application of literal translation, we should endeavor to rid ourselves of stiff patterns and rigid adherence to translation rules, trying to be flexible; while in the practice of free translation, we should be cautious of subjectivity, avoiding groundless affirmation or arbitrary fabrication.6. What do you know about translation techniques in general? And scientific literature translation in particular?Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques include: (1)Diction (选词用字); (2) Amplification (增益); (3) Omission (省略); (4) Repetition (重复); (5) Conversion (转换); (6) Rearrangement (词译调整); (7) Negation (正说反译，反说正译); (8) Division (长句拆译).Scientific materials stress their preciseness.Unit 2 Professional Papers1. Definition of professional papersA professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic.2. Classification of professional papers1) Report Paper：The report paper summarizes and reports the findings of another on a particular subject.2) Research paper：A research paper can be intelligent, well informed, interesting, and original in its conclusions.3) Course Paper：Course papers are written after a specific course is learned or are designed at the end of a term, also called “term paper”.4) Thesis Paper：Unlike report papers, the thesis paper takes a definite stand on an issue. A thesis is a proposition or point of view that a writer or speaker is willing to argue against or defend.3. Linguistic Features of Professional Papers1) Formal Style（正式性）：A professional paper deals with the study of some objective facts or problems, and the conclusion that isdrawn should be based on relevant data, not on personal likes and dislikes. Generally speaking, formal writing sets an unusually high value on objectivity, meticulousness, accuracy, and restraint.2) Specialized Terms（专业性）：The terms in professional papers are typically specialized.3) Rigid Sentence Structure（严谨的句式结构）：The arguments in professional papers will be concisely and concretely.4) Formatted Elements（固定的内容格式）：A complete professional paper usually has a regular format composed of the following elements: the title, author(s), affiliation(s), abstract, keywords, introduction, body of the paper (theoretical description including calculation, inference, reasoning, conclusion, etc. or experimental description including techniques, methods, materials, results and analysis, etc.), acknowledgments, appendices, references or bibliography, etc.4. Discussion1. How is a professional paper defined? What is your understanding of a professional paper?A professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic.The task of the author of a paper is to read on a particular topic, gather information about it, and report the findings in it. Aprofessional paper must conform to a special format. A professional paper involves the use of library sources from which facts, quotations, and the opinions of others are drawn to explain , support , or authenticate ideas in the paper.2. How are papers classified? What are the similarities and differences between/among them?Report Paper, Research Paper, Course Paper, Thesis Paper.3. What are the linguistic features of professional papers?Formal Style, Specialized Terms, Rigid Sentence Structure, Formatted Elements.4. Where can you search for different kinds of papers from various sources?Journals（期刊）/Acta（学报）/ Bulletins, Circulars or Gazettes （公告，通告）/ Rapid Communications/ Reviews/ Proceedings/ Dissertation Abstract International/ Comprehensive Dissertation Index (CDI)（综合报告索引）/ On line Access to Dissertation.5. Dictionstory(1)This war is becoming the most important story of thisgeneration.（event）这场战争将成为这一代人经历的最重大的事件。
苏州大学研究生英语读写佳境1-8单元英语讲稿
Unit 1 (A) Canaima —Eco-tours with Angels and Devils （Eco-friendly tours ）ecologicalBackground1.Canaima National Park is a 30,000 km²（square kilometers ） park in south-eastern Venezuela . The park was established on the 12 June 1962. It is the second largest park in the country. It became a UNESCO （United Nations Educational ，Scientific ，and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织） World Heritage Site in 1994 because of the tepuis (table-top mountains) that are characteristic of this area. The park is home to indigenous Pemon Indians. (Pemon is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Venezuela)The Pemon have an intimate relationship with the tepuis, and believe they are the home of the 'mawari' spirits. The park is relatively remote, with only a few roads connecting towns. Most transport within the park is done by light plane from the airstrips built by various Capuchin missions, or by foot and canoe.Canaima 卡耐玛国家公园,位于委内瑞拉南部，属亚马逊平原的一部分，以多瀑布和平顶山著称. 因为地势险要,地处偏僻,所以到达CANAIMA 的唯一方法,就是把性命系在裤带上坐螺旋桨小飞机过去. 因为是亚马逊河的发源地之一,CANAIMA 充斥着大大小小几千个瀑布,其中包括世界上落差最大的天使瀑布.2.Eco-tourism : Responsible travel to areas which conserve the environment and improve the welfare of the local people.Words and Expressions1.cruising altitude 巡航高度2.mesa: (spanish) a flat-topped mountain 平顶山3.trajectory: (抛射体的)轨道, 轨迹, 弹道; 流轨4.plummet: N.铅锤,测锤 Vi.骤然跌落；垂直落下5.strip: 【航空】(=air strip, landing strip)跑道, 简易机场6.vantage point: 有利位置, 优越地位,优势7.awe-inspiring: 使人惊叹的， 令人敬畏的Mount Qomolangma is an awe-inspiring sight.8.behold: )[书]观看, 注视; 把...视为9.charter: N.包租（汽车、飞机等）；租赁; 宪章 charter flights 包机 v. 包租（飞机、汽车等）a charteredplane10.hike: 徒步行走, 行军go on a hike [口]作徒步旅行; 提高, 增加, a hike in living expenses11.indigenous: 天生的, 固有的feelings indigenous to human beings. 本地产的, 土生土长的Indians werethe indigenous inhabitants of America.12.deck: Vi （与out 连用）装饰；点缀；打扮She was decked out in finest clothes. N.甲板, 舱面; 一副纸牌; 层面13.garb: 装束；打扮；外表fantastic garb 奇装异服14.inhibition: 【心理】压制, 抑制(作用)15.excursion: /iks/ 远足, 游览, 参观an excursion bus [train] 游览汽车[列车]; We went on an excursion tothe city. 我们到这个城市去旅行。
苏州大学_研究生英语读写佳境_词汇填空选择
Test OnePart Ⅰ VocabularySection ADirections: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. His career was not noticeably__________by the fact that he had never been to college.他未受过高等教育并未(阻碍)他的事业受到关注A) prevented B) restrained C) hindered D) refrained2. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be_______in deeper.当陷入流沙，不要挣扎，不然你势必会被更深地(吸入)A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked3. To_______for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.为（补偿）他不愉快的经历，他喝上一杯可能更对他有好处A) commence B) compromise C) compensate D) compliment4. All visitors are requested to_________with his regulations.所有的访问者被要求（遵守）他的规则A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent5. The captain__________the horizon for approaching ships.船长（仔细检查）船靠岸A) scanned B) scrutinized C) explored D) swept6. The vast majority of people in any given culture will________to the established standards of that culture.大部分成年人无论哪个人沉溺于文化必须遵循那个文化既定的标准A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm7. Although he was on a diet, the food__________him enormously.尽管他在节食期间，但食物对他仍有巨大的(诱惑)A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged8. His argument doesn't suggest that mankind can_________to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.他的观点并不能表明人类在利用资源时能够（承担得起）这种浪费A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle9. If you want this painkiller, you will have to ask the doctor for a____________ .如果你在这止痛药，你必须要有医生的（处方）A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription D) prescription10. Some fish have a greater__________for acid water than others.一些鱼比其他鱼对酸性的水有更强的（忍受力）A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence11. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in______with its surroundings.那个国家有一个村落看上去生活都与周遭（融洽）A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance12. The court considers a financial_________to be an appropriate way of punishing him.法院认为财政的(处罚)会是一个对他最好的惩罚A) payment B) obligation C) option D)penalty13. It is true that_________a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time.(培育)一种野生的植物作为主要的农作物如小麦需要有大量的研究期A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating14. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national_________to agriculture than most other countries. 政府比其他国家在他们的农业上投入更大部分的（预算）A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy15. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is__________ .在这个贫穷的国度，生存是一个主导的产业，其他的都是(奢侈)A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment16. The students showed ____________when solving the difficult math problem.当解决困难的数学问题时，学生们会显示出其（独创性）A) ingenuity B) validity C) impurity D) infinity17. The document is__________unless it is officially stamped.这个档案是(无效)的，除非有官方的印鉴A) valid B) deliberate C) confidential D) invalid18. She showed taste and _______________in furnishing her home.她展示她对家中布置家具的品味和（辨别力）A) recognition B) discrimination C) realization D) normalization19. Do you have a ___________of ownership for this car?你有这车的产权(证)吗？A) document B) label C) passport D) certificate20. The original canal was twice__________for the larger modern boats.为适合更大的现代船只，这条运河在原基础上两次(拓宽)A) broadened B) brightened C) flattened D) strengthened21. A building__________the idea of the architect.建筑（表达）了设计师的理念A) embodies B) embraces C) integrates D) deviates22. The boy __________up the room again by dropping bits of paper everywhere.男孩再次（弄乱）了房间，到处扔满了碎纸屑A) messed B) threw C) confused D) upset23. People had been conscious of the problem before, but the new book made them aware of its________ .人们能够认识到之前的问题，但新书能够使他们认识(多数)的问题A) manuscript B) multitude C) masterpiece D) magnitude24. His________habits soon exhausted all the money he had inherited.他（荒唐）的行径很快耗尽了所继承的所有财产A) significant B) extravagant C) exquisite D) fantastic25. The story was___________; it was complete untrue.这个故事是(捏造的)，它完全是不真实的A) facilitated B) fascinated C) fabricated D) formulated26. He_______several paragraphs from the newspaper article to read at the meeting.他从报纸摘录了几段以备晚上阅读A) concentrated B) omitted C) distracted D) extracted27. The young man __________himself bitterly for his behavior that evening.年轻人为昨天晚上的行为苦苦地自(责)A) approached B) reproached C) praised D) encouraged28. In the sentence ―She lives alone by himself‖, the word alone is___________ .这个单词“alone”的意思是（多余的）A) artificial B) necessary C) suitable D) redundant29. At present, China has signed many_________trade agreements with other countries.目前为止，中国与其他国家签署了许多（互惠）的商业贸易协定A) comprehensive B) reciprocal C) favorable D) advantageous30. A country isn't respected if it__________an international agreement.一个（亵渎）国际协议的国家是不会得到尊重的A) simplifies B) cancels C)postpones D)violatesSection BDirections: For each of the italicized words or phrases, four choices are given. Choose the one that best explainsor defines the italicized part.1. The plane took a dramatic dive along the trajectory of the mighty Angle Falls – the longest waterfall in the world – as it down into Devil‘s Canyon.垂直落下A) ascended B) fell C) dropped D) plummeted2. It was one of the most awe-inspiring sights I have ever , but almost equally incredulous was the fact that we were the only ones there!见过，看到过A) saw B) beheld C) looked at D) thought about3. But the Pemon are extremely hosts. From the moment we arrived, it was clear that they were genuinely excited to share their culture and learn about us.亲切、热情A) compassionate B) attractive C) gracious D) unfriendly4. Our quickly disappeared and before we knew it, we were dancing alongside the Pemon.拘束感A) embarrasment B) oppression C) suppression D) inhibitions5. As much as I found the trip , I would not say it is for everyone.令人愉快的A) cheerful B) exhilarating C) interesting D) charming6. Three of the five nights were spent in hammocks, which did not suit everyone‘s natural .轮廓(体形)A) outline B) inclinations C) tendency D) contours7. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the of ultimate righteousness.维护(斗蓬)A) excuse B) mantle C) consideration D) protection8. Reasons for the latest of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find.汹涌(热烈地讨论)A) uprising B) upgrading C) surge D) rolling9. He was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment for providing poison to a lonely 83-year-old woman suffering from severe back pains, as well as deafness and blindness.早期的A) initial B) serious C) deadly D) initiative10. Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasia would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuses.口实(军火弹药)A) arguments B) reasons C) evidence D) ammunition11. The proposal produced a storm of in France.义愤(这个提议在法国引起了公愤A) offense B) outrage C) criticism D) hatred12. Hitler's horrifying program of the weakest members of society regularly comes up in European debates on euthanasia.消除(清除) 清除最弱的社会群体A) exterminating B) destroying C) extinguishing D) expelling13. From the time when we first begin to make friends with the opposite sex, to when we start dating and , till we finally take the plunge and get married, few of us realize that we are gambling all along.确定恋爱关系A) going steady B) becoming regular C) getting absorbed D) getting normal14. To many of us, gambling is, in many cases, a non-toxic drug against boredom and .冷漠（无聊）A) indifference B) cynicism C) unfeeling D) apathy15. If a man makes gambling , he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience.偏执、着迷A) an instinct B) an obsession C) a good idea D) an impulse16. Ever since then, he had developed an palm and got so addicted to gambling that nothing and nobody can stop him.自此以后，他更加(贪)财而赌博上瘾到没有任何事情和人能够阻止他A) irritating B) annoying C) restless D) itching17. We can accomplish this by encouraging an interest in so many other activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an to a colorless and dreary existence.如同opiate，(鸦片)A) change B) remedy C) modification D) opiate18. This idea is more today than before.这个主意比以前更适合于今天A) difficult to see B) actually legal C) favored D) appropriate19. The ice will fast on a warm day like this.溶解A)freeze B) dissolve C)melt D) flow20. New duties were on wines and spirits.新的关税将征收于酒与汽水A) removed B) cut C) imposed D) checked21. But whenever a new and fast method of transport comes up, Americans are quick to the old.但当一个新的、快速的传输方法被推出，美国人会很快地(抛弃)旧的(方法)A) destroy B) improve C) discard D) decide22. All foreign troops must from the country.外国军队必须(撤出)这个国家A) retire B) retain C) withdraw D) revise23. There was no of poison in the coffee the chemist analyzed.化学分析出来咖啡中没有毒药的(痕迹)A) trace B) taste C) color D) smell24. You always follow your own instead of thinking of our feelings.你经常跟随着自己的倾向而不是依据我们的感知A) conducts B) profits C) occupations D) inclinations25. The farm ministers scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxemburg in hopes of easing the worldwide mad cow .疯牛病引起的（惊慌）A) panic B) peril C) hazard D) alarmTest TwoPart ⅠVocabulary6. A washing machine of this type will certainly _____ up to normal domestic use.A) hold B) stand 足够承受C) come D) take7. Passengers are_____ not to leave their cases and packages here.A) commanded B) informed C) notified D) ordered8. Could you possibly ______ me at the next committee meeting?A) stand in for B) make up for C) fall back on D) keep in with9. Complete the form as _____ in the notes below.指示，说明书A) insisted B) specified C) implied D) devised10. We couldn't ______ the old lady to travel by air.劝诱老妇人坐飞机A) initiate B) inquire C) induce D) indicate11. A promising executive should be ready to welcome tight ______ and hard work.A) deposit B) bid C) speed D) budget预算12. Guess whom I ______ into this morning. bump into 撞击A) hit B) stepped C) bumped D) met13. The new director of the television station wants to ______ its programs.使多样化, 作多样性的投资A) divide B) decide C) diversify D) divert14. The educational plan will fail because it has no______ . 前景A) vacation B) version C) vision D) variation15. Mark ___offered to help me to learn English . 认真地A) on duty B) in vain C) on purpose D) in earnest16. The international community imposed ______ on that country for its terrorism.A) sanctions B) safeguards C) tariffs D) measures 国际合作sanctions批准17. Don't be carried away by mere_____ in this matter.情绪化A) sentiment B) sensitivity C) session D) sensation18. Difficulties and hardships have ______ the best qualities of the young geologist.A) brought out B) brought aboutC) brought forth D) brought up19. The hall was very crowed with over fifty people ______ into it.A) pushed B) packed C) stuck D) stuffed20. If the land belongs to you, why don't you lay ______ to it?A) label B) demand C) right D) claimSection B1. Many laughs followed statements such as ―It was nice meeting you, too.‖A) special B) mundane C) sour D) funny2. The Chamber of Commerce local business.A) restrains B) controls C) boosts D) oversees3. In our life, it is likely for us to have some with others.A) conflict B) friction C) harmony D) connection4. as a mature student, I often sneaked in to the back of the student sessions.A) serving B) Masquerading C) escort D) dressing up5. The Irish people have a hatred toward the British government after the Irish famine.A) forged B) influence C) indulge D) inquiry6. Other experts that some laughter is indeed aggressive in nature.A) concede B) announce C) assert D) insist7. If these bad weather conditions , the game will be canceled.A) stay B) persist C) permit D) insist8. The doctor did not the possibility of food poisoning.A) foresee B) accept C) rule out D) foretell9. There are differences between these two words.这两个单词之间有微妙的区别11. A statement by the two companies uses the phrase ―increased cooperation‖, thereby inferring quite accurately that the two firms already work together.A) claimed B) issued C) predicted D) reported12. The simple plan into a complicated scheme.简单的计划（进化）成复杂的进程表A) evolved B) summarized C) exaggerated D) transformed13. They give top to protecting endangered animals.他们把濒危灭绝的动物以最优保护A) favor B) assistance C) significance D) priority14. Most traditional folk songs are of anonymous origin.Test ThreePart I VocabularySection ADirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1. Fears that globalization is imposing a deadening cultural uniformity are as as Coca-Cola, McDonald‘s, and Mickey Mouse these days.A) troublesome B) enticing C) ubiquitous D) disgusting2. If critics of globalization were less obsessed with ―Coca-colonization,‖ they might notice a rich feast of cultural mixing that fears about Americanized uniformity.A) lies beneath B) belies C) disapproves D) strengthens3. The beauty of globalization is that it can free people from the of geography.A) restraint B) tyranny C) demoralization D) imposition4. For a start, many ―American‖ products are not as all-American as they seem.A) characteristic B) archetypal C) synthetic D) artificial5. Most of the world has adopted the metric system born from the French Revolution; America persists with measurements inherited from its British-colonial past.A) time-honored B) antique C) antiquated D) consistent6. The biggest publisher in the English-speaking world is Germany‘s Bertelsmann, whichAmerica‘s largest, Random House, in 1998.A) ate quickly B) eroded C) hammered D) gobbled up7. People‘s culture—in the sense of their shared ideas, beliefs, knowledge, inherited traditions, and art—may scarcely be eroded by mere commercial artifacts that, despite all the furious branding, embody at best _____values.A) unconvincing B) flimsy C) superficial D) commercial8. Most developed countries have become intensely , but many Americans burn with fundamentalist fervor—like Muslims in the Middle East.A) secular B) pious C) religious D) superstitious9. Latin American salsa, Brazilian lambada, and African music have all carved out globalfor themselves. In most countries, local artists still top the charts.A) fans B) enthusiasts C) musicians D) niches10. Germans once objected to soccer because it was deemed English; now their soccer team isof national pride.A) an embellishment B) the embodiment C) emblematic D) an embarrassment11. ―What's happening now is the trisection of world power,‖ he continued. ―nations on the bottom, smokestack countries in between, and knowledge-based economies on top.‖A) Agrarian B) uncivilized C) underdeveloped D) underprivileged12. The electric-light bills must be very modest indeed, for there are no flashing signs to the eye, no gaudily dressed windows to tempt the feet to loiter.A) arrest B) assault C) shield D) glisten13. If you have the (as I once had) actually to walk into one of these establishments wearing a ready-made suit, you will regret it.A) rashness B) audacity C) tenacity D) shrewdness14. Meanwhile, the tailors themselves, so neat, so clean, so , are busy with the pins and the chalk.A) gracious B) spruce C) deft D) polished15. My usual trouser man is smaller and livelier, more bustling, more cheerful gossip. A long and intimate acquaintance with trousers has made him far more democratic and earthy.A) hostile to B) sensitive to C) detached from D) given to16. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of prejudice.A) insular B) hypothetical C) irrational D) foolproof17. The first step—waking up to the of the world's environmental problems—has in a sense been under way for more than two decades.A) dimensions B) impacts C) urgency D) irreversibility18. Environmental concerns were viewed by many Third World leaders in 1972 as ―luxury problems‖ that only rich nations could afford to deal with. Although this view is still by some, it has a thoroughly unconvincing ring.A) loathed B) espoused C) rectified D) verified19. Meanwhile, foreign-aid donations have stagnated since the mid-1980s, and $ 1.2 trillion worth of foreign debt has accumulated, sapping financial earnings and the credit-worthiness of low-income countries.A) undermining B) illustrating C) underlying D) magnifying20. While the rich may on the upper decks and protect themselves for a while, they too are ultimately threatened.富人可以聚集在甲板上A) shelter B) congregate C) relax D) watch indifferently21. A sustainable society is one that satisfies its needs without the prospects of future generations.A) disturbing B) neglecting C) jeopardizing D) penalizing22. The Merrill Center the new wave of ―green architecture,‖ a catchall term for design and construction practices that take into account a whole checklist of environmental goals.A) revolutionizes B) quantifies C) epitomizes D) parallels23. In summer the garden helps keep the building cool by it under a layer of moist material. In winter it insulates against cold. 夏天，公园用一层潮湿的材料屏蔽出凉爽A) shadowing B) relieving C) benefiting D) shielding24. Relying on an incomplete accounting system, one that does not measure the destruction of natural capital associated with gains in economic output, we our productive assets, satisfying our needs today at the expense of our children.A) reduce greatly B) drain C) deplete D) liquidate25. Boosters of Western culture can point to increased efforts to preserve and protect the environment. Yet they make no mention of some less aspects of Western culture, such as cigarettes and automobiles.A) civilized B) salubrious C) ostensible D) formidableSection BDirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be__________.A. restlessB. skilledC. strongD. versatile27. It is a(n) ___________ that the French eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease.A) analogy B) paradox C) correlation D) illusion28. He said that ending the agreement would _________ the future of small or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.A) venture B) expose C) jeopardize D) legalize29. These continual ________ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transformations B) relations C) fluctuations D) expeditions30. The conference discussed, ________, the possibility and measures of environmental pollution protection.A) all the same B) in the long runC) among other things D) to the point31. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled32. Parents often faced the ________ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise33. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his________ as he developed his own technique.A) descendants B) predecessors C) successors D) ancestors34. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ________ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A) assigning B) admitting C) involving D) enrolling35. It seems somewhat ___________ to expect anyone to drive 3 hours just for a 20- minute meeting.这看上去有些荒谬，让任何一个人驾驶3个小时的车程只为了20分钟的会议A) eccentric B) impossible C) absurd D) unique36. Professor Smith explained the movement of light___________ that of water.Smith教授解释从水的运动类推出光的运动A) by analogy with B) by virtue of C)in line with D)in terms of37. The hands on my alarm clock are __________, so I can see what time it is in the dark.在我手上的手表会发亮的，所以我可以在黑暗中看到时间A) exotic B) gorgeous C) luminous D) spectacular38. The Government‘s policies will come under close ________ in the weeks before the election.政府的政策会在本周的选举前会受到审查A) appreciation B) specification C) scrutiny D) apprehension39. Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be _________ to have withdrawn from the program.任何人本月月底不交会费会被视同放弃程序A) contemplated B) deemed C) acknowledged D) anticipated40. Police and villagers unanimously _________ the forest fire to thunder and lightning.警察与村民异口同声地将森林火灾归咎于雷电与闪电A) ascribed B) approached C) confirmed D) confined41. You shouldn‘t _______ your father‘s instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.你不能不服从你父亲的指示，无论怎样他是一个经历丰富的老师A) deduce B) deliberate C) defy D) denounce42. The company management attempted to _______information that was not favorable to them, but it was all in vain.公司管理层努力封锁消息，这对他们不利，况且这也是徒劳的。
苏州大学研究生英语考试模拟作文
3.Working in a multinational company or as a civil servant?
We should take some measures to guide and educate our children correctly. On the one hand, parents should help their children to set up a proper goal and encourage（鼓励）them to achieve it. On the other hand, parents should teach them to have active attitudes towards life in a right way.Weshould give more attention to them.
There are many ways of establishing（建立）harmonious relationship between people. Firstly, A smile can always shorten the distance from others. we should fill the world with love. Secondly, we should show our respect for others. We should care for each other and help those in need. In addition, being tolerant（容忍）and easy-going（随和）are also very important.
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Unit 31、Apart from marriage, a journey to a new place, a drive on the road, a ride in an airplane, a business transaction, even a chance remark may result immediately or ultimately in tragedy.除了婚姻，到一个陌生的地方去旅行，在路上开车，坐飞机，进行一次生意上交易，甚至于一次无意间说的话可能马上或最终导致悲剧的发生。
2、To many of us, gambling is, in many cases, a non-toxic drug against boredom and apathy, and may well help preserve good temper, patience and optimism, which will do us a world of good.对我们中的许多人来说，在很多情况下赌博是一种用来应对无聊和无趣的无毒的药。
它极有可能有助于我们保持良好的心态，使我们有耐心、乐观向上。
这将使我们获益匪浅。
3、As a matter of fact, few of us have the right to condemn gambling as few of us can say that they never gamble---even if it is only investing a few pence in a football sweep or a “lucky dip”.事实上，我们中很少有人有权利去谴责赌博，因为很少有人敢说他们从不赌博---哪怕只是把很少的钱用于赌一场足球比赛的胜利或用来摸彩袋。
4、If a man makes gambling an obsession---almost a form of insanity---he will not lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience. 如果一个人沉迷于赌博---几近疯狂的程度---他将失去经过多年辛勤工作得来的财产，也会失去自尊和良知。
5、If one sticks to his limits, it is more a game of fun rather than the root of all evils. 假如一个人始终在限度范围内赌博，那么赌博在更大程度上是一种娱乐的游戏，而不是万恶之根源。
6、We can accomplish this by encouraging an interest in so many other activitiesthat gambling itself will lose its fascination as an opiate to a colorless and dreary existence.我们能够控制赌博，鼓励人们对如此多的其他活动产生兴趣从而使赌博失去其魅力，不能成为调节无聊乏味生活的一个良方。
A. Translate the following passage into Chinese.1、Nearly every grown-up knows the fact that the love of money is the root of all evils and yet, not everyone can avoid being fooled by money. For some people, for instance, money has no blood relations and they think that money in purse will be always in fashion. There are people who think that money is ace of trumps or that something above everything else. However, not everyone throws the same light on money and not everyone would be blinded by it, for they know money is a good servant, but a bad master.几乎每一个成年人都知道爱钱乃万恶之源这一事实。
然而，并非每个人能躲过被钱捉弄。
譬如对有些人来说，钱不认亲。
他们认为钱包里的钱不会过时。
有人认为钱是王牌之王或钱是最好的通行证。
无论他们怎么认为，他们都把钱看得高于一切。
然而，每个人对钱的理解不尽相同，不是每个人被钱迷失方向，因为他们知道钱是个好的仆人，坏的主人。
2、They know that sometimes money unmakes its makers and they are fully aware ofthe truth that money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience and truth may be drowned. They equally know that money is the most envied, but the least enjoyed; health is the most enjoyed, but the least envied. Therefore, they are always alert and never become blinded just because of the fact that having a lot of money does provide convenience.他们知道有时钱可以毁灭造钱者。
他们也充分意识到这一事实：钱是一个无底的海洋，为了它名誉、良知和真相可以泯灭。
他们同样也知道钱最让人嫉妒但最少让人得到享受；健康让人享受最多，但最不让人嫉妒。
因此，正是因为有许多钱确实提供便利这一事实，人们总是保持警觉而从不丧失判断力。
3、我们这么冒险尝试，无非是为了与自己或与命运堵一把，并从中实现自我之价值。
其后果不是被闹个灰头土脸，就是历经磨难，终成事业，或是一直得到上帝的眷顾，一帆风顺，而后无比自豪。
The plunge we take is no different from the gamble we are taking against chance, against destiny, and in the course of it we may realize ourselves as an added bonus. And as a consequence we would be either bled white or finally make a career after painstaking efforts, or in rare cases, be continuously blessed with an unhindered advance, and we would take great pride in our obtained success.4、一旦一个人沉溺于赌，他不仅会挥霍掉多年辛勤工作换来的财产，而且也会失去自尊和良知。
所以奉劝这类人赶紧打住停手，脱离无穷的烦恼。
If a man makes gambling an obsession, he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience. Therefore it is advisable that they beat a hasty retreat from such an indulgence and be away from the sea of troubles.5、从好的方面来看，如果我们在与命运的抗争中胜出，形式又对我们非常有利，那么这时，赌或冒险就不再是一种致命的毒药，而是一种摆脱无聊和无趣的良方，很有可能会有助于我们保持好心情，有耐心和乐观向上，而这会给我们带来无穷的好处。
On the bright side of the coin, we win in the struggle against destiny, and the odds are in our favor, then gambling is no longer a toxic drug, rather it is one against boredom and apathy, and may well preserve our good temper, patience and optimism, which will do us a world of good.C. Complete the following sentences without looking back at the text1…. a business transaction, even a chance remark may (甚至于无意间说的话可能都会) result immediately or ultimately in tragedy.2. To many of us, gambling is, in many cases (在许多情况下)，a non-toxic drug against boredom and apathy, and may well help preserve good temper, patience and optimism (极有可能有助于我们保持良好的心态,使我们具有耐心,乐观向上)…3. As a matter of fact, few of us have the right to condemn gamblingas few of us can say that they never gamble(因为很少有人敢说他们从不赌博)…Unit51.You may also set out with the belief that the emotion has evolved into somethingrather sophisticated, requiri ng the brain’s conscious, cognitive centers to respond to subtle social indications like punch lines…你可能会以为人类的情感已经进化成相当复杂的东西，需要大脑的认知中心对幽默语这样微妙复杂的话语做出判断和回应。