丙类三副英语评估 会话部分(2014年下半年)

阅读题

The radio can now be tuned to the emergency frequency of the band on which the DSC alert was sent for transmission of the urgency message. The format of an urgency message is: Pan Pan. The words Pan Pan indicate that the message is an urgency message, and as such, it should have priority over all but distress traffic. In the case of a request for medical assistance, the signal is Pan Pan Medico. Note that this is for medical assistance. A request for medical advice is not a Pan Pan. Address - All messages except distress must be addressed to somebody. A general call, perhaps for a tow, would be addressed to 'all stations'. A Pan Pan Medico is more likely to be addressed to a specific Coast Station, but under some circumstances that too could be addressed to 'all stations'. Identity - You must identify yourself in all transmissions. Any station that has received your urgency call on DSC has received your MMSI number as part of the call, so your identity should include the MMSI number as well as the name and call-sign of your vessel. Position - This may have been included in the DSC call, but it should be repeated here. If somebody is to help you, they need to know where you are. As in the distress message, your position as a distance and bearing from a prominent landmark may mean more to the receiving station than a latitude and longitude. Assistance - State what assistance is needed. Over - Terminate the message with Pan Pan, name of your vessel and call-sign, and the word 'over', so the other stations know you have finished, and they can respond. Once communications have been established with a suitable station, the subsequent traffic will normally transfer off the emergency frequency onto a working channel. If the communication is on VHF and the traffic is inter-ship, then channel 6 could be used. If the communication is with the Coastguard, then they will probably transfer operations to channel 67 in the UK or 22A in the USA. A Coast Station will move communications to

one of their working channels.

When the vessel approaches her designated berth at minimum steerage way, the approach to the quay is made at the smallest possible angle. With a heaving line the hawser is pulled from the vessel onto the embankment by line-handlers. The spring is fastened to a bollard, and while the engine is on half astern, the warping drum picks up the slack. To prevent the line from being fouled, the hawser or spring is led through the fairlead. The ship is then maneuvered along the embankment and fastened to bollards by headlines, stern lines, breast lines and springs.

When leaving berth, casting off orders, engine room orders and helm orders are given by the pilot or the master. After having started the engine, the first order is "Stand by for letting go!". When a line is cast off, the first order must always be "Slack away", so that it will become possible to handle the hawser. The next casting off order will then be: "Heave away", which means that the line can be pulled aboard. The sequence of casting off orders that can then be given depends on how the vessel has been berthed, and on the prevailing weather condition and currents.

Weather-conditions have a great influence on the safety during a voyage and should always be taken into consideration in voyage-planning and when underway.

The state of the atmosphere is determined by various meteorological elements, such as temperature, humidity, cloudiness and fog, forms of precipitation, barometric pressure, and speed and direction of wind. All these elements may be referred to as "the weather". Humidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the air. Warm air is capable of containing a higher grade of moisture, or humidity, than cold air. The maximum amount