第2讲 句子成分

第二章句子成分

按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

这种学习方式能逐步提高自己理解长难句的能力。

1. Jordan was also in the United States Olympic Basketball Team, known as “the Dream Team”, which won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.

【分析】

①本句是一个主从复合句；

② Jordan was also … Team是主句；

③ known as “the Dream Team”是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰the United States Olympic Basketball Team；

④which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明the United States Olympic Basketball Team，且在从句中作

________语。

【句意】乔丹也是被称为“梦之队”的美国奥林匹克篮球队的成员，这支球队在1992年西班牙巴塞罗那奥运

会上夺取了金牌。

【仿写】格林一家决定在位于美国东部的被称为“大苹果”的纽约城定居。

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2. They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls

from ending a game on a tie.

【分析】

①本句是一个主从复合句。They have ... time是主句；when引导定语从句，先行词是________；

② to tell about Michael Jordan是动词不定式短语，修饰________。such as引出fantastic stories的同位语；

③ rescue ... from ... 意为“把……从……中救出来”。

【句意】他们可以讲述很多关于迈克尔·乔丹的传奇故事，例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队，从

而避免打成平局等等。

【仿写】球迷们可以讲述很多关于科比的传奇故事，例如一次他在一场比赛中得了81分。

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3. At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules

of the game to try to stop him!

【分析】

①本句是一个主从复合句；

②本句使用了so ... that句型，that引导结果状语从句；

③ to try to stop him是不定式短语作________语。

【句意】曾几何时，张伯伦比其他所有运动员优秀很多，以至于他们改变了比赛规则，试图限制他。

【仿写】根据研究，恐龙比其它动物们大很多，以至于它们为了生存，每天不得不吃大量食物。

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4. But there is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”.

【分析】

①这是一个________句；

②该句使用了句型there is no doubt that ...，that引导的是________从句，说明doubt的具体内容。

【句意】但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。

【仿写】毫无疑问，如果我向他求助，他就会给我提供帮助。

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参考答案

1.【分析】主【仿写】The Greens decided to settle in New York City, known as “the big apple”, which is situated in the eastern United States.

2.【分析】time；stories 【仿写】Fans have many fantastic stories to tell about Kobe, such as the time when he scored 81 points in a game.

3.【分析】目的状语【仿写】According to the study, dinosaurs were so much bigger than other animals that they had to eat plenty of food every day to survive.

4.【分析】主从复合；同位语【仿写】There is no doubt that he will give me a hand if I ask him for help.

5. It seems strange to think that in a few days’ time I’ll be walking out of the school gates forever.

【分析】

①本句是简单句。句子结构为“主（It）+ 系（seems）+ 表（strange）”结构。其中，________是形式主

语，不定式to think ...作真正的主语；

② that引导的从句作think的________；

③在that从句中，in a few days’ time是________状语。

【句意】想想过几天我就要永远走出校门了，似乎有一种别样的感觉。

【仿写】记住这条规则很重要。

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6. Something else I’ve greatly enjoye d is working as a peer mediator, someone who helps students to settle problems that they have with other students.

【分析】

①本句是一个主从复合句；

②主句是“主语（Something else）+系动词（is）+表语（working as a peer mediator）”结构；

③ I’ve greatly enjoyed是定语从句，修饰先行词Something else；

④ s omeone作a peer mediator的同位语，who helps students to settle ... students是定语从句，修饰先行词someone；

⑤在who引导的定语从句中又含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词________。

【句意】另外一件我非常乐意做的事情是做同伴调解人，就是帮助学生们解决同学之间的问题。

【仿写】我非常着迷的一件事是晚饭后散步，一项有助于我减肥的运动。

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7. I’ve been skiing quite a few times, but never with the school, and since two good friends came on the

trip, we had great fun racing each other down the ski slopes.